6/11/23, 3:20 PM Plotly ( Prudhvi Vardhan Notes) - Jupyter Notebook

About Plotly
Plotly is a Data Viz library by the company Plotly based out of Canada with support in languages such as Python, Js, Julia etc.

Advantages

Multi language support

Lot's of graphs
Interactive plots
Beautiful plots

Does not work with live data streams. Dash can be explored for that.

The Plotly Roadmap

Plotly Go
Plotly Express
Dash

In [1]: # import the libraries

import plotly.graph_objects as go
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import plotly.express as px

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In [2]: !pip install plotly

Requirement already satisfied: plotly in c:\users\user\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (5.13.1)

Requirement already satisfied: tenacity>=6.2.0 in c:\users\user\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from plotly)
(8.2.2)

In [3]: # import datasets

tips = px.data.tips()
iris = px.data.iris()
gap = px.data.gapminder()

In [4]: gap.head()

Out[4]:
country continent year lifeExp pop gdpPercap iso_alpha iso_num

0 Afghanistan Asia 1952 28.801 8425333 779.445314 AFG 4

1 Afghanistan Asia 1957 30.332 9240934 820.853030 AFG 4

2 Afghanistan Asia 1962 31.997 10267083 853.100710 AFG 4

3 Afghanistan Asia 1967 34.020 11537966 836.197138 AFG 4

4 Afghanistan Asia 1972 36.088 13079460 739.981106 AFG 4

Scatter plot
we define the x and y values for the scatter plot, create a scatter plot using go.Scatter(), customize the plot layout using
update_layout(), and finally display the plot using fig.show()

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In [5]: # scatter plot using plotly go

​
temp_df = gap[gap['year'] == 2007]
temp_df

Out[5]:
country continent year lifeExp pop gdpPercap iso_alpha iso_num

11 Afghanistan Asia 2007 43.828 31889923 974.580338 AFG 4

23 Albania Europe 2007 76.423 3600523 5937.029526 ALB 8

35 Algeria Africa 2007 72.301 33333216 6223.367465 DZA 12

47 Angola Africa 2007 42.731 12420476 4797.231267 AGO 24

59 Argentina Americas 2007 75.320 40301927 12779.379640 ARG 32

... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

1655 Vietnam Asia 2007 74.249 85262356 2441.576404 VNM 704

1667 West Bank and Gaza Asia 2007 73.422 4018332 3025.349798 PSE 275

1679 Yemen, Rep. Asia 2007 62.698 22211743 2280.769906 YEM 887

1691 Zambia Africa 2007 42.384 11746035 1271.211593 ZMB 894

1703 Zimbabwe Africa 2007 43.487 12311143 469.709298 ZWE 716

142 rows × 8 columns

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In [6]: trace1 = go.Scatter(x=temp_df['lifeExp'],y=temp_df['gdpPercap'],mode='markers')

trace2 = go.Scatter(x=[0,1,2],y=[0,90,30000],mode='lines')
​
data = [trace1,trace2]
​
layout = go.Layout(title='Life Exp Vs GDP per Capita for 2007',
xaxis={'title':'Life Exp'},yaxis={'title':'GDP'})
fig = go.Figure(data,layout)
​
fig.show()

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Life Exp Vs GDP per Capita for 2007

50k

40k

30k
GDP

20k

10k

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In [7]: # plot life exp and gdp scatter plot -> continent as color -> pop as size -> hover name -> range_x/range_y ->
​
px.scatter(temp_df, x='lifeExp', y='gdpPercap',
color='continent',size='pop',size_max=100, hover_name='country')

50k

40k

30k
gdpPercap

20k

10k

−10k

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Plot animation
plot animation is often used to show the evolution of data or to highlight trends and patterns over time. It can be achieved using
various libraries and techniques, such as Plotly, Matplotlib, or GIF creation tools, to create visually engaging and informative animated
plots.

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In [8]: # plot animation of the above curve on the basic of year

​
px.scatter(gap, x='lifeExp', y='gdpPercap',
color='continent',size='pop',
size_max=100, hover_name='country',
range_x=[30,95],
animation_frame='year',animation_group='country')

100k

80k

60k
gdpPercap

40k

20k

−20k

30 40 50 60 70 80 90

lifeExp

year=1952

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Line Plot
A line plot is a graphical representation of data points connected by straight lines to show the relationship and trends between two
continuous variables.

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In [9]: # line plot

​
# plot india pop line plot
​
temp_df = gap[gap['country'] == 'India']
​
px.line(temp_df, x='year', y='pop',title='India pop growth')

India pop growth

1.1B

1B

0.9B

0.8B
pop

0.7B

0.6B

0.5B

0.4B

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In [10]: # plot india china pak line plot

temp_df = gap[gap['country'].isin(['India','China','Pakistan'])].pivot(index=
'year',columns='country',values='lifeExp')
temp_df

Out[10]:
country China India Pakistan

year

1952 44.00000 37.373 43.436

1957 50.54896 40.249 45.557

1962 44.50136 43.605 47.670

1967 58.38112 47.193 49.800

1972 63.11888 50.651 51.929

1977 63.96736 54.208 54.043

1982 65.52500 56.596 56.158

1987 67.27400 58.553 58.245

1992 68.69000 60.223 60.838

1997 70.42600 61.765 61.818

2002 72.02800 62.879 63.610

2007 72.96100 64.698 65.483

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In [11]: px.line(temp_df, x=temp_df.index, y=temp_df.columns)

70

65

60
value

55

50

45

40

3D Line plot
A 3D line plot is a visualization technique that represents data using lines in a three-dimensional space, showing the relationship
between three variables in a single plot.

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In [12]: # 3D Line plot

​
# data to be plotted
df = px.data.tips()
​
# plotting the figure
fig = px.line_3d(df, x="sex", y="day", z="time", color="sex")
​
fig.show()
​

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Bar chart
A bar chart is a graphical representation that uses rectangular bars to compare categories or groups of data based on their values.

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In [13]: # bar chart

​
# india's pop over the years
​
temp_df = gap[gap['country'] == 'India']
​
px.bar(temp_df,x='year',y='pop')

1B

0.8B

0.6B
pop

0.4B

0.2B

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In [14]: # pop comp of 3 countries

​
temp_df = gap[gap['country'].isin(['India','China','Pakistan'])].pivot(index=
'year',columns='country',values='pop')
temp_df

Out[14]:
country China India Pakistan

year

1952 556263527 372000000 41346560

1957 637408000 409000000 46679944

1962 665770000 454000000 53100671

1967 754550000 506000000 60641899

1972 862030000 567000000 69325921

1977 943455000 634000000 78152686

1982 1000281000 708000000 91462088

1987 1084035000 788000000 105186881

1992 1164970000 872000000 120065004

1997 1230075000 959000000 135564834

2002 1280400000 1034172547 153403524

2007 1318683096 1110396331 169270617

Grouped bar chart

A grouped bar chart is a type of visualization that displays multiple bars grouped together, where each group represents a different
category or subcategory, allowing for easy comparison between the groups.

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In [15]: # grouped bar chart -> text_auto

​
px.bar(temp_df, x=temp_df.index, y=temp_df.columns,
barmode='group', log_y=True, text_auto=True)
​
# log_y (boolean (default False)) – If True,
# the y-axis is log-scaled in cartesian coordinates.
​
# text_auto (bool or string (default False)) –
# If True or a string, the x or y or z values will be displayed as text,
# depending on the orientation A string like '.2f' will be interpreted as
# a texttemplate numeric formatting directive.

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1.318683B
1.2804B
1.230075B
1.16497B
1B

1.110396B
1.084035B

1.034173B
1.000281B
9

959M
943.455M
8

872M
862.03M

788M
7

754.55M

708M
665.77M
6

637.408M

634M
567M
556.2635M
5

506M
454M
4

409M
372M
3
value

153.4035M
135.5648M
120.065M
100M

105.1869M
9

91.46209M
8

78.15269M
7

69.32592M
6

60.6419M
5
53.10067M
46.67994M

4
41.34656M

Stacked bar chart

A stacked bar chart is a type of visualization that displays multiple bars stacked on top of each other, where each bar represents a
category or subgroup, and the height of the bar represents the value or proportion associated with that category/subgroup.

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In [16]: # stacked bar chart

# pop contribution per country to a continents pop stacked
# for a particular year(2007)
​
temp_df = gap[gap['year'] == 2007]
​
px.bar(temp_df, x='continent', y='pop', color='country',log_y=True)

5
countr
A
2 A
A
1B A
A
5
A
A
2 B
B
pop

100M B
B
5
B
B
2 B
B
10M B
B
5
B
C

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bar chart animation

Bar chart animation refers to the process of creating a dynamic visualization where bar charts change over time to represent evolving
data trends.

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In [17]: # bar chart animation

​
px.bar(gap, x='continent',y='pop',color='continent',
animation_frame='year',animation_group='country',range_y=[0,4000000000])

4B

3.5B

3B

2.5B
pop

2B

1.5B

1B

0.5B

0
Asia Europe Africa Americas Oceania

continent

year=1952

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boxplot
A boxplot is a compact visualization that displays the summary statistics of a dataset, including the median, quartiles, and outliers,
using a box-and-whisker representation.

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In [18]: # boxplot
​
# using the tips dataset
df = px.data.tips()
​
# plotting the box chart
fig = px.box(df, x="day", y="total_bill")
​
# showing the plot
fig.show()
​

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50

40

30
total_bill

20

10

histogram
A histogram is a graphical representation that organizes data into bins and displays the frequency or count of occurrences of each bin.

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In [19]: # histogram
# plot histogram of life expt of all countries in 2007 -> nbins -> text_auto
​
temp_df = gap[gap['year'] == 2007]
​
px.histogram(temp_df, x='lifeExp',nbins=10,text_auto=True)

40
39

35

30 31

25
count

20

15

12 12
10
10
9
8
7
5

1
0

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Gantt Chart
Gantt refers to a type of bar chart that visually represents project schedules or timelines by showing tasks or activities as horizontal
bars along a time axis.

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In [20]: # Gantt Chart

​
import plotly.figure_factory as ff
​
# Data to be plotted
df = [dict(Task="A", Start='2020-01-01', Finish='2009-02-02'),
dict(Task="Job B", Start='2020-03-01', Finish='2020-11-11'),
dict(Task="Job C", Start='2020-08-06', Finish='2020-09-21')]
​
# Creating the plot
fig = ff.create_gantt(df)
fig.show()
​

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Gantt Chart

1w 1m 6m YTD 1y all

Job C

Job B

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In [21]: # plot histogram of sepal length of all iris species

​
px.histogram(iris,x='sepal_length',color='species',nbins=30,text_auto=True)

20

16
15

2
6 8
10 4 9
count

10 1
4 5
1

9
8
7 5
6 5
5
5 5 5
1

4 4 4
3
2 2

1
1

1
0

Pie chart
A pie chart is a circular statistical graphic that represents data as slices of a pie, with each slice representing a proportion or
percentage of the whole.

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In [22]: # Pie -> values -> names

# find the pie chart of pop of european countries in 2007
​
temp_df = gap[(gap['year'] == 2007) & (gap['continent'] == 'Europe')]
​
px.pie(temp_df, values='pop', names='country')

0.0515%
0.117%
0.343%
G
0.614%
0.701% T
0.767% F
12.1%
14.1% 0.777% U
0.79% I
0.894%
S
0.929%
10.4% P
0.933%
1.25% R
1.29% N
1.4% G
1.54% P
10.4% 1.7%
B
1.73%
1.75 C
% S
1.7
7%
1.8 H
9.92% 1. 2% S
83
%

2.
A

83
%
3.8% S
6.9% 6.57%
B
D

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In [23]: # plot pie chart of world pop in 1952 continent wise -> -> explode(pull)
​
temp_df = gap[gap['year'] == 1952].groupby('continent')['pop'].sum().reset_index()
​
px.pie(temp_df, values='pop', names='continent')

17.4%

14.3%

58%

9.87%

0.444%

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Sunburst plot
A Sunburst plot in Plotly is a circular hierarchical visualization that represents data in a radial form, showing the hierarchy of categories
through concentric circles and arcs.

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In [24]: # Sunburst plot -> Sunburst plots visualize hierarchical data

# spanning outwards radially from root to leaves. -> color
# path -> [], values
​
temp_df = gap[gap['year'] == 2007]
​
px.sunburst(temp_df, path=['continent','country'],values='pop',color='lifeExp')

India

Ind
on China
es
Pak ia
ista
n
Bang
lades
h Asia
Japan
Philippines
New Zealand
Oceania
Australia Iceland

Montenegro

Slovenia

Albania
Ireland

Euro
Croatia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Norway
Finland
Slovak Republic

Vietnam
Denmark
Bulgaria
Switzerland

pe
Austria
Sweden
Hungary
Serbia
Czech Republic
Belgium
Portuga
l

Iran
Greece
Netherlan
ds
Romani
a
Poland
and
Thail ep. Unit
Spain
a, R Italy
Kore
nm
ar
Africa Americas ed
Kin
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Mya tan m
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Afg l nce
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Zimbabwe
Malawi
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Senegal
Angola

Central African Repub

Niger

Zambia
Tunisia

Sierra Leon
Somalia
Guinea

Rwanda
Burundi
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In [25]: px.sunburst(tips,path=['sex','smoker','day','time'],values='total_bill',
color='size')

Dinner

Lunch
Di
nn Sat
er

Thur Dinner

i
Fr
No Sun
Dinner
Sat
le
Ma
Sun Dinner
Yes

Fri
Female Yes
Lunch
Dinner
Thu
r L
Sun unch
Dinner Sat
r No
T hu Dinner
i

Fri Sat Fr

Lunch Thur Sun

er
Lu
nc

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Dinner
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in
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Dinner

Tree Map
A treemap in Plotly is a type of interactive data visualization that represents hierarchical data using nested rectangles, with each
rectangle's size proportional to a specific attribute or value associated with it.

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In [26]: # Treemap
​
temp_df = gap[gap['year'] == 2007]
​
px.treemap(temp_df, path=[px.Constant('World'),'continent','country'],
values='pop',color='lifeExp')

World
Asia Africa Americas

China India Nigeria Egypt United States

Ethiopia
Congo, Dem. Rep. South Africa

Brazil
Sudan Algeria Uganda Ghana

Mozambique Burkina Faso

Malawi Niger Angola

Tanzania
Indonesia Bangladesh Philippines Vietnam Iran Zimbabwe Senegal
Mali Zambia
Madagascar
Colombia Canada Venezue

Kenya Cote d'Ivoire

Tunisia Somalia Benin
Sierra Leone
Libya

Guatemala Do

Argentina
Togo
Congo, Rep. Mauritania

Chad Rwanda

Morocco
Namibia Lesotho

Peru B

Thailand
Afghanistan
Nepal
Saudi Arabia Liberia

Cameroon Eritrea
Cuba
Gambia
Guinea-Bissau Mauritius Swaziland

Guinea Burundi

Central African Republic Botswana Gabon

Reunion
Equatorial Guinea

H
Djibouti

Comoros

Iraq Taiwan Yemen, Rep.

Pakistan Japan Europe

Korea, Rep.
Germany Turkey France
Italy
United Kingdom
Poland
Netherlands
Belgium
Sri Lanka Cambodia
Hong Kong, China

Malaysia
Hungary

Israel
Singapore
West Bank and Gaza

Myanmar
Greece

Syria
Sweden
Korea, Dem. Rep.

Spain Romania
Lebanon Mongolia

Jordan
Portugal

Oman
Kuwait

Austria

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Heatmap
Heat map in Plotly refers to a graphical representation of data where values are depicted using colors on a grid-like structure, allowing
for easy visualization and analysis of patterns, trends, and variations in the data.

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In [27]: # Heatmap -> find heatmap of all continents with year on avg life exp
​
temp_df = gap.pivot_table(index='year',columns='continent',
values='lifeExp',aggfunc='mean')
px.imshow(temp_df)

1950

1960

1970
year

1980

1990

2000

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3D scatter plot
A 3D scatter plot in Plotly is a visual representation of data points in a three-dimensional space, where each point is defined by its x, y,
and z coordinates, allowing for the visualization of relationships and patterns in three dimensions.

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In [28]: # 3d scatterplot
​
# plot a 3d scatter plot of all country data for 2007
​
temp_df = gap[gap['year'] == 2007]
​
px.scatter_3d(temp_df, x='lifeExp',y='pop',z='gdpPercap',
log_y=True,color='continent',hover_name='country')

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In [29]: px.scatter_3d(iris,x='sepal_length',y='sepal_width',
z='petal_length',color='species')

Scatter_matrix
A scatter matrix in Plotly is a compact grid of scatter plots that displays the relationships and correlations between multiple variables in
a single visualization.

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In [30]: # scatter_matrix -> dimensions

​
px.scatter_matrix(iris,dimensions=['sepal_length','sepal_width','petal_length','petal_width']
,color='species')

sepal_length 8
7
6
5
4
sepal_width

2
petal_length

2
petal_width

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Facet Plot
Facet plot in Plotly refers to the visualization technique that divides a dataset into subsets based on one or more categorical variables,
creating a grid of smaller plots for each subset, allowing for easy comparison and exploration of relationships between variables.

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In [31]: # facet plot

​
px.scatter(tips, x='total_bill', y='tip', facet_col='smoker',
facet_row='sex',color='time')

smoker=No smoker=Yes
10

6
tip

10

6
tip

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In [32]: px.histogram(tips,x='total_bill',facet_row='sex')

15
count

10

15
count

10

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In [33]: px.scatter(gap, x='lifeExp', y='gdpPercap', facet_col='year', facet_col_wrap=3)

year=1952 year=1957 year=1962

gdpPercap
100k

50k

year=1967 year=1972 year=1977

gdpPercap

100k

50k

year=1982 year=1987 year=1992

gdpPercap

100k

50k

year=1997 year=2002 year=2007

gdpPercap

100k

50k

3D Surface plot

A 3D surface plot in Plotly refers to the visualization of data as a three-dimensional surface, where the x, y, and z values are plotted in
a three-dimensional space to represent the variation of a variable across multiple dimensions.

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In [34]: # 3d Surface plot

# can not be created using Plotly express
# we will use plotly graph object -> go
​
x = np.linspace(-10,10,100)
y = np.linspace(-10,10,100)
​
xx, yy = np.meshgrid(x,y)
​
z = xx**2 + yy**2
# z = np.sin(xx) + np.tan(yy)
# z = np.sqrt(xx**2 + yy**2)
​
​
trace = go.Surface(x=x,y=y,z=z)
​
data = [trace]
​
layout = go.Layout(title='3D Surface Plot')
​
fig = go.Figure(data,layout)
​
fig.show()

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3D Surface Plot

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In [35]: # 3D surface Plot

​
# Data to be plotted
x = np.outer(np.linspace(-2, 2, 30), np.ones(30))
y = x.copy().T
z = np.cos(x ** 2 + y ** 2)
​
# plotting the figure
fig = go.Figure(data=[go.Surface(x=x, y=y, z=z)])
​
fig.show()
​

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Contour Plot
A contour plot in Plotly is a graphical representation that displays the 2D variation of a continuous variable through contour lines.

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In [36]: # Contour plot

x = np.linspace(-10,10,100)
y = np.linspace(-10,10,100)
​
xx, yy = np.meshgrid(x,y)
​
# z = xx**2 + yy**2
z = np.sin(xx) + np.cos(yy)
# z = np.sqrt(xx**2 + yy**2)
​
​
trace = go.Contour(x=x,y=y,z=z)
​
data = [trace]
​
layout = go.Layout(title='3D Surface Plot')
​
fig = go.Figure(data,layout)
​
fig.show()

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3D Surface Plot

10

−5

10

SubPlots
Subplots in Plotly refer to the arrangement of multiple plots or charts within a single figure, allowing for side-by-side or stacked
visualizations.

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In [37]: # Subplots
from plotly.subplots import make_subplots

In [38]: fig = make_subplots(rows=2,cols=2)

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In [39]: fig.add_trace(
go.Scatter(x=[1,9,5],y=[2,10,1]),
row = 1,
col = 1
)
​
fig.add_trace(
go.Histogram(x=[1,9,5,22,109,134,56,78,12,34,89]),
row = 1,
col = 2
​
)
​
fig.update_layout(title='Subplot Demo')
​
fig.show()
​

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Subplot Demo

10 6

5
2

0
2 4 6 8 0 50 100

Scatter_geo
scatter_geo in Plotly is a function used to create scatter plots on geographical maps.

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In [40]: df = px.data.gapminder().query("year == 2007")

​
plot = px.scatter_geo(df, locations="iso_alpha")
plot.show()
​

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In [41]: df = px.data.gapminder().query("year == 2007")

​
plot = px.scatter_geo(df, locations="iso_alpha",size="gdpPercap", color = "country")
plot.show()
​

countr
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
C

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Scatter Polar
Scatter Polar in Plotly is a visualization technique that represents data points in a polar coordinate system, where the distance from
the center represents one variable, and the angle represents another variable.

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In [42]: # scatter Polar

import plotly.express as px
​
df = px.data.tips()
​
plot = px.scatter_polar(df, r = 'day',
theta = 'total_bill',
color = 'time',
symbol = 'tip')
plot.show()
​

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0°

315° 45°

270° 90°
Sun Fri Sat Thur

225° 135°

Scatter terenary
Scatter ternary in Plotly refers to the creation of triangular scatter plots where data points are represented within a ternary diagram.
This type of plot allows the visualization of three variables that add up to a constant sum, typically represented by the three vertices of
the triangle. It provides insights into the relative proportions and relationships between the variables.

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In [43]: df = px.data.iris()
​
plot = px.scatter_ternary(df, a = 'sepal_width',
b = 'sepal_length',
c='petal_width',
color = 'species',
size = 'petal_length')
plot.show()
​

sepal_width
10

0.8 0.2

0.6 0.4

0.4 0.6

0.2 0.8

0 1

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In [44]: df = px.data.iris()
​
plot = px.scatter_ternary(df, a = 'sepal_width',
b = 'sepal_length',
c = 'petal_width',
color = 'species',
size = 'petal_length',
symbol = 'species_id')
plot.show()
​

sepal_width
10

0.8 0.2

0.6 0.4

0.4 0.6

0.2 0.8

0 1

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3D Cones
3D cones in Plotly are graphical representations of cone-shaped objects in a three-dimensional space, used for visualizing data or
geometric concepts.

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In [45]: fig = go.Figure(data=go.Cone(x=[11,31, 12],

y=[12,32, 21],
z=[13,41, 15],
u=[14,16, 17],
v=[15,27, 10],
w=[10,29, 21]))
​
fig.show()
​

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3D Volume Plots
3D volume plots in Plotly refer to the creation of visual representations that depict volumetric data in a three-dimensional space,
allowing for the visualization of complex structures and distributions.

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In [46]: import plotly.graph_objects as go

import plotly.express as px
import numpy as np
​
df = px.data.tips()
​
x1 = np.linspace(-4, 4, 9)
y1 = np.linspace(-5, 5, 11)
z1 = np.linspace(-5, 5, 11)
​
X, Y, Z = np.meshgrid(x1, y1, z1)
​
values = (np.sin(X**2 + Y**2))/(X**2 + Y**2)
​
fig = go.Figure(data=go.Volume(
x=X.flatten(),
y=Y.flatten(),
z=Z.flatten(),
value=values.flatten(),
opacity=0.1,
caps= dict(x_show=False, y_show=True, z_show=False),
))
fig.show()
​

C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Temp/ipykernel_2640/3749250901.py:15: RuntimeWarning:

invalid value encountered in true_divide

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3D streamtube plots
3D streamtube plots in Plotly refer to the creation of visualizations that depict fluid flow using streamlines that are enclosed within a
tube-like structure, providing a three-dimensional representation of the flow behavior.

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In [47]: # 3D streamtube plots

​
x, y, z = np.mgrid[0:20, 0:20, 0:20]
x = x.flatten()
y = y.flatten()
z = z.flatten()
​
u = np.zeros_like(x)
v = np.zeros_like(y)
w = z**2
​
fig = go.Figure(data=go.Streamtube(x=x, y=y, z=z, u=u, v=v, w=w))
fig.show()
​

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3D Mesh Plots
3D mesh plots in Plotly refer to visualizations that represent a surface or a mesh-like structure using a combination of x, y, and z
coordinates in a three-dimensional space.

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In [48]: import plotly.graph_objects as go

import numpy as np
​
# Data for three-dimensional scattered points
z = 15 * np.random.random(100)
x = np.sin(z) + 0.1 * np.random.randn(100)
y = np.cos(z) + 0.1 * np.random.randn(100)
​
fig = go.Figure(data=[go.Mesh3d(
x=x, y=y, z=z, color='red', opacity=0.20)])
​
fig.show()
​

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3D Scatter points
3D Scatter points in Plotly refer to the visual representation of data points in a three-dimensional space using markers or symbols. It
allows for the plotting of data points with three different variables, where each variable corresponds to the position of the point along
the x, y, and z axes.

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In [49]: # Data for three-dimensional scattered points

​
z = 15 * np.random.random(100)
x = np.sin(z) + 0.1 * np.random.randn(100)
y = np.cos(z) + 0.1 * np.random.randn(100)

fig = go.Figure(data=[go.Mesh3d(x=x, y=y, z=z, color='green',

opacity=0.20, alphahull=3)])

fig.show()

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Create tables
Creating tables in Plotly refers to the process of generating tabular data structures with customizable formatting and styling for visual
representation and analysis purposes.

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In [50]: # How to create tables in Plotly

​
import plotly.graph_objects as go
​
fig = go.Figure(data=[go.Table(
header=dict(values=['A', 'B','C']),
cells=dict(values=[[10, 20, 30, 40],
[40, 20, 10, 50],[11, 22, 32, 40]]))
])
fig.show()
​

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A B C

10 40 11
20 20 22
30 10 32
40 50 40

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In [51]: color1 = 'lightgreen'

color2 = 'lightblue'
​
fig = go.Figure(data=[go.Table(
header=dict(values=['A', 'B']),
cells=dict(values=[[10, 20, 30, 40],[40, 20, 10, 50]],
fill_color=[[color1, color2, color1,color2, color1]*2],))
])
fig.show()
​

A B

10 40
20 20
30 10
40 50

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Sankey Diagram
A sankey diagram is a visualization used to depict a flow from one set of values to another.

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In [52]: # Sankey Diagram

​
​
plot = go.Figure(go.Sankey(
node = {"label": ["A", "B", "C"],
"x": [0.5, 0.2, 0.1],
"y": [0.4, 0.3, 0.7],'pad':5},
link = {"source": [1, 0, 1],
"target": [2, 3, 4],
"value": [4, 2, 1]}))
​
plot.show()
​

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Dendograms
A dendrogram is a diagram representing a tree. The figure factory called create_dendrogram performs hierarchical clustering on data
and represents the resulting tree. Values on the tree depth axis correspond to distances between clusters.

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In [53]: # Creating Dendogram

​
​
from plotly.figure_factory import create_dendrogram
​
X = np.random.rand(10,10)
fig = create_dendrogram(X)
fig.show()

1.5

0.5

0
8 0 2 3 7 9 4 5 1 6

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In [54]: import plotly.graph_objects as go

​
​
plot = go.Figure(go.Sankey(
node = {"label": ["Hello", "Hi", "H", "IIIH"],
"x": [0.5, 0.2, 0.1, 0.9],"y": [0.6, 0.8, 0.7],
"color": "green",
'pad':5},
link = {
"source": [3, 2, 1],
"target": [5, 3, 7],
"value": [6, 1, 2]}))
​
plot.show()
​

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Hi

IIIH

Candle Stick
The candlestick chart is a style of financial chart that describes o for a given x coordinate (most likely time). The boxes represent the
spread between the open and close values and the lines represent the spread between the low and high values.

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In [55]: # candlestick
​
from datetime import datetime
​
open_data = [33.0, 33.3, 33.5, 33.0, 34.1]
high_data = [33.1, 33.3, 33.6, 33.2, 34.8]
low_data = [32.7, 32.7, 32.8, 32.6, 32.8]
close_data = [33.0, 32.9, 33.3, 33.1, 33.1]
dates = [datetime(year=2013, month=10, day=10),
datetime(year=2013, month=11, day=10),
datetime(year=2013, month=12, day=10),
datetime(year=2014, month=1, day=10),
datetime(year=2014, month=2, day=10)]
​
fig = go.Figure(data=[go.Candlestick(x=dates,
open=open_data, high=high_data,
low=low_data, close=close_data)])
​
fig.show()
​

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34.5

34

33.5

33

32.5
Oct 2013 Nov 2013 Dec 2013 Jan 2014 Feb 2014

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In [56]: from plotly.figure_factory import create_candlestick

​
from datetime import datetime
​
# Add data
​
open_data = [33.0, 33.3, 33.5, 33.0, 34.1]
high_data = [33.1, 33.3, 33.6, 33.2, 34.8]
low_data = [32.7, 32.7, 32.8, 32.6, 32.8]
close_data = [33.0, 32.9, 33.3, 33.1, 33.1]
​
dates = [datetime(year=2013, month=10, day=10),
datetime(year=2013, month=11, day=10),
datetime(year=2013, month=12, day=10),
datetime(year=2014, month=1, day=10),
datetime(year=2014, month=2, day=10)]
​
# Create ohlc
fig = create_candlestick(open_data, high_data,low_data, close_data, dates=dates)
​
fig.show()
​

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34.5

34

33.5

33

32 5

streamline plot
streamline plots are based on the representation on a 2-D vector field which is explained as velocity fields, which are consist of closed
curves that are tangent to the velocity field. Streamlining is the fastest technique and more efficient for getting the data. Velocity values
are interpolated when determining the streamlines. Streamlines are initialized on the boundary of the x-y domain.

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In [57]: x = np.linspace(-1, 2, 50)

y = np.linspace(-1, 1, 50)
Y, X = np.meshgrid(x, y)
u = np.cos(X)*Y
v = np.cos(y)*X
​
# Source for x and y coordinate
# of scatter plot
X, Y = 0, 0
​
# Create streamline figure
fig = ff.create_streamline(x, y, u, v, arrow_scale=.1)
​
fig.add_trace(go.Scatter(x=[X], y=[Y],
mode='markers',
marker_size=15,
))
​
fig.show()
​

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0.5

−0.5

−1

Wind Rose and Polar Bar Charts

The wind rose chart are graphical charts that show the speed and direction of winds at a location over a period of time. This chart is
represented in circular format and the circle indicates the amount of time that the wind blows from a particular direction. The wind rose
chart is also known as the polar bar chart.

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In [58]: # using the wind dataset

df = px.data.wind()
​
fig = px.bar_polar(df, r="strength", theta="direction",
color="frequency",)
fig.show()
​

N
NNW NNE

NW NE

WNW ENE

W E

0-1
2-3
4-4
5-6
WSW ESE

SW SE

SSW SSE

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Bullet Chart
This method is used to create bullet charts. This function can take both dataframes or a sequence of dictionaries.

Syntax: plotly.figure_f

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In [59]: import plotly.figure_factory as ff

import pandas as pd
​
​
data = [
{"title": "Revenue",
"subtitle": "US$, in thousands",
"ranges": [150, 225, 300],
"measures":[220, 270],
"markers":[250]},
​
{"title": "Profit",
"subtitle": "%",
"ranges": [20, 25, 30],
"measures":[21, 23],
"markers":[26]},
​
{"title": "Order Size",
"subtitle": "US$, average",
"ranges": [350, 500, 600],
"measures":[100, 320],
"markers":[550]},

{"title": "New Customers",

"subtitle": "count",
"ranges": [1400, 2000, 2500],
"measures":[1000, 1650],
"markers":[2100]},
​
{"title": "Satisfaction",
"subtitle": "out of 5",
"ranges": [3.5, 4.25, 5],
"measures":[3.2, 4.7],
"markers":[4.4]}
]
​
fig = ff.create_bullet(
data, titles='title',
markers='markers',
measures='measures',
orientation='v',
measure_colors=['rgb(14, 52, 75)', 'rgb(31, 141, 127)'],
scatter_options={'marker': {'symbol': 'circle'}},
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width=700)
​
fig.show()
​

Bullet Chart

Revenue Profit Order Size New Customers Satisfaction

25 4.5
250 2000
500
4

200 20 3.5
400 1500

150 15
300 2.5

1000
2
100 10
200
1.5

500
1
50 5 100

0.5

0 0 0 0 0

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In [61]: # ChatGPT example for 3D animation

​
import plotly.graph_objects as go
import numpy as np
​
# Create sample data
t = np.linspace(0, 10, 100)
x = np.cos(t)
y = np.sin(t)
z = t
​
# Create a 3D scatter plot
fig = go.Figure(data=[go.Scatter3d(
x=x,
y=y,
z=z,
mode='markers'
)])
​
# Define animation frames
frames = [go.Frame(data=[go.Scatter3d(
x=x[:i],
y=y[:i],
z=z[:i],
mode='markers',
marker=dict(size=5)
)]) for i in range(2, len(t))]
​
# Add frames to the figure
fig.frames = frames
​
# Update animation settings
fig.update_layout(
title='3D Animation Example',
scene=dict(
xaxis_title='X-axis',
yaxis_title='Y-axis',
zaxis_title='Z-axis'
),
updatemenus=[
dict(
type='buttons',
buttons=[
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dict(
label='Play',
method='animate',
args=[None, {'frame': {'duration': 50, 'redraw': True}, 'fromcurrent': True, 'transition'
),
dict(
label='Pause',
method='animate',
args=[[None], {'frame': {'duration': 0, 'redraw': False}, 'mode': 'immediate', 'transitio
)
],
)
]
)
​
# Display the animation
fig.show()
​

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3D Animation Example

Play

Pause

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In [62]: # Asked ChatGPT For Complex 3D Animation

​
import plotly.graph_objects as go
import numpy as np
​
# Create sample data
t = np.linspace(0, 10, 100)
x = np.cos(t)
y = np.sin(t)
z = t
​
# Define colors for each point
colors = np.sin(t)
​
# Create a 3D scatter plot
fig = go.Figure(data=[go.Scatter3d(
x=x,
y=y,
z=z,
mode='markers',
marker=dict(
size=5,
color=colors,
colorscale='Viridis',
cmin=np.min(colors),
cmax=np.max(colors),
opacity=0.8
)
)])
​
# Define animation frames
frames = [go.Frame(data=[go.Scatter3d(
x=x[:i],
y=y[:i],
z=z[:i],
mode='markers',
marker=dict(
size=5,
color=colors[:i],
colorscale='Viridis',
cmin=np.min(colors),
cmax=np.max(colors),
opacity=0.8
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)
)]) for i in range(2, len(t))]
​
# Add frames to the figure
fig.frames = frames
​
# Update animation settings
fig.update_layout(
title='3D Animation with Multiple Colors',
scene=dict(
xaxis_title='X-axis',
yaxis_title='Y-axis',
zaxis_title='Z-axis'
),
updatemenus=[
dict(
type='buttons',
buttons=[
dict(
label='Play',
method='animate',
args=[None, {'frame': {'duration': 50, 'redraw': True}, 'fromcurrent': True, 'transition'
),
dict(
label='Pause',
method='animate',
args=[[None], {'frame': {'duration': 0, 'redraw': False}, 'mode': 'immediate', 'transitio
)
],
)
]
)
​
# Display the animation
fig.show()
​

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3D Animation with Multiple Colors

Play

Pause

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In [63]: import plotly.express as px

import pandas as pd
​
# Create sample data (using gapminder dataset as an example)
df = px.data.gapminder()
​
# Create an animated scatter plot
fig = px.scatter(df, x='lifeExp', y='gdpPercap', color='continent',
size='pop', size_max=100, hover_name='country',
animation_frame='year', range_x=[20, 90], range_y=[0, 80000])
​
# Customize the plot layout
fig.update_layout(
title='Animated Scatter Plot Example',
xaxis_title='Life Expectancy',
yaxis_title='GDP per Capita'
)
​
# Display the animation
fig.show()
​

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Animated Scatter Plot Example

80k

70k

GDP per Capita 60k

50k

40k

30k

20k

10k

0
20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Life Expectancy

year=2007

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In [64]: import plotly.express as px

import pandas as pd
​
# Create sample data (using iris dataset as an example)
df = px.data.iris()
​
# Create an animated scatter plot
fig = px.scatter(df, x='sepal_width', y='sepal_length', color='species',
size='petal_length', hover_name='species',
animation_frame='petal_width', range_x=[1.5, 5.5], range_y=[4, 8])
​
# Customize the plot layout
fig.update_layout(
title='Animated Scatter Plot Example',
xaxis_title='Sepal Width',
yaxis_title='Sepal Length'
)
​
# Display the animation
fig.show()
​

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Animated Scatter Plot Example

7.5

6.5
Sepal Length

5.5

4.5

4
1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5

Sepal Width

petal width=2.3

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In [65]: import plotly.express as px

import pandas as pd
​
# Create sample data (using tips dataset as an example)
df = px.data.tips()
​
# Create an animated scatter plot with different bubble shapes
fig = px.scatter(df, x='total_bill', y='tip', color='sex',
size='size', hover_name='day',
animation_frame='time', range_x=[0, 60], range_y=[0, 12],
symbol='sex')
​
# Customize the plot layout
fig.update_layout(
title='Animated Scatter Plot Example',
xaxis_title='Total Bill',
yaxis_title='Tip'
)
​
# Display the animation
fig.show()
​

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Animated Scatter Plot Example

12

10

8
Tip

0
0 10 20 30 40 50

Total Bill

time=Lunch

In [ ]: ​

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