VARANASI COLLEGE OF PHARMACY

BABATPUR, VARANASI

A Project on Artificial Intelligence-For Partial

Fulfilment Of B.Pharm Degree

Submitted To Submitted By

Mr. Ramesh Patel Prashant Mishra

M.Pharm(Pharmacology) Roll No:-2003930500038

Subject:- Pharmacy Practice

Code:-BP706PS

Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University (AKTU) , Lucknow,

U.P 2023-2024
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I want to give special thanks to our director Mr.Anand Kumar

for giving all necessary support to this study.

I feel extremely exhilarated to complete this project under the valuable

guidance of Mr. RAMESH PATEL, Associate Professor department of
PHARMACOLOGY, Varanasi College of pharmacy, Babatpur, Varanasi.

I wish to thank you for discussing the problem and providing constant
supervision.

I acknowledge my sincere thanks to faculty members.

All other college management of VCP for their timely support for the
study.

I wish special thank to Mr.Ramesh Patel Computer lab Attendent,

Varanasi College of Pharmacy.
 DECLARATION

This is to declare that I am Prashant Mishra B. Pharm. 4th year (2023-24)

student bearing Roll No. 2003930500038 had successfully completed my
Practice School Project (BP706PS) from Varanasi College of Pharmacy,
Babatpur Varanasi, under the supervision of Mr. Ramesh Patel Associate
Professor, Department of Pharmacology.

Date:-
This is to certify that Prashant Mishra of B. Pharm. 4th year (2023-24)
bearing Roll No.- 2003930500038 had successfully completed his Practice
School Project (BP706PS) from Varanasi College of Pharmacy, Babatpur
Varanasi, and he is seriously involved in various department and engaged
in experiments and gathered enough knowledge as per the syllabus of Dr.
A.P.J.Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow.

Mr Ramesh Patel Dr.Pradeep kr.Chaudhary

(Supervisor) (Principal)
Contents:-
1. Introduction:-

Importance of Artificial Intelligence

Merits & Demerits
Types of Artificial Intelligence
Example of Artificial Intelligence

2. Methodology

3. Description

4. Conclusion

5. Reference
1. Introduction

It is claimed that artificial intelligence is playing an increasing role in the research of

educational technology, management sciences and operational research areas.
Intelligence is commonly considered as the ability to collect knowledge to solve
complex problems. In the near future intelligent machines will replace human
capabilities in many areas. Artificial intelligence is the study of intelligent machines
and software that can reason, learn, gather knowledge, communicate, manipulate and
perceive the objects. John McCarthy coined the term in 1956 as branch of computer
science concerned with making computers behave like humans. It is the study of the
computation that makes it possible to perceive reason and act. Artificial intelligence is
different from Psychology because it emphasis on computation and is different from
computer science because of its emphasis on perception, reasoning and action. It
makes machines smarter and more useful. It works with the help of artificial neurons
(artificial neural network) and scientific theorems (if then statements and logics). AI
technologies have matured to the point in offering real practical benefits in many of
their applications. Major artificial intelligence areas are Expert systems, Intelligent
computer aided instructions, Natural language processing, Speech understanding,
Robotics and sensory systems, Computer vision and scene recognition, Neural
computing. From these expert system is a rapidly growing technology which is
heaving a huge impact on various field of life. The various techniques applied in
artificial intelligence are Neural network, Fuzzy logic, Evolutionary computing,
Computer aided instructions and Hybrid artificial intelligence. 1

Over many centuries, tools of increasing sophistication have been developed to serve
the human race. Digital computers are, in many respects, just another tool. They can
perform the same sort of numerical and symbolic manipulations that an ordinary
person can, but faster andmore reliably. A more intriguing idea is whether we can
build a computer (or a computer program) that can think. As Penrose (1989) has
pointed out, most of us are quite happy with machines that enable us to do physical
things more easily or more quickly, such as digging a hole or traveling along a
freeway. We are also happy to use machines that enable us to do physical things that
would otherwise be impossible. However, the idea of a machine that can think for us
is a huge leap forward in our ambitions, and one which raises many ethical and
philosophical questions. Research in artificial intelligence (or simply AI) is directed
toward building such a machine and improving our understanding of intelligence.
Most of the definitions in the standard texts are over-complex, so here is a simple one
that will suffice instead: Artificial intelligence is the science of mimicking human
mental faculties in a computer. The ultimate achievement in this field would be to
construct a machine that can mimic or exceed human mental capabilities, including
reasoning, understanding, imagination, perception, recognition, creativity, and
emotions. We are a long way from achieving this, but some significant successes have
nevertheless been achieved. Perhaps more importantly, in achieving these modest
successes, research into artificial intelligence has resulted in the development of a
family of extremely useful computing tools. These tools have enabled a range of
problems to be tackled that were previously considered too difficult, and have enabled
a large number of other problems to be tackled more effectively. From a pragmatic
point of view, this in itself makes them interesting and useful. The tools of AI can be
roughly divided into these broad types: • Knowledge based systems (KBSs), i.e.,
explicit models using words. 2

• Computational intelligence (CI), i.e., implicit modeling with numerical techniques;

hybrids. The first category includes techniques such as rulebased, model-based,
frame-based, and casebased reasoning. As the knowledge is explicitly modeled in
words and symbols, it can be read and understood by a human. Although symbolic
techniques have had undoubted success in their narrow domains, they are intrinsically
limited in their ability to cope only with situations that have been explicitly modeled.
Although some systems allow the model to expand with experience, symbolic models
are generally poor at dealing with the unfamiliar. Computational intelligence goes
some way to overcoming these difficulties by enabling the computer to build up its
own model, based on observations and experience. Here the knowledge is not
explicitly stated but is represented by numbers that are adjusted as the system
improves its accuracy. This category includes neural networks, genetic algorithms and
other optimization algorithms, as well as techniques for handling uncertainty, such as
fuzzy logic.2 As per Stanford Professor John Mc McCarthy, who coined the term
Artificial Intelligence in the year 1955, Artificial Intelligence(AI) is defined as “the
science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent
computer programs.”(McCarthy 2007) “AI refersto the ability of machines to perform
cognitive tasks like thinking, perceiving, learning, problem solving and decision
making.”(NITI Aayog, Government of India 2018) Artificial Intelligence is the new
general purpose technology (GPT) which is capable of revolutionizing virtually every
sector(Bajpai, Biberman, and Yip Yingxin 2020). Artificial Intelligence not only
complements human labor, but is a substitute for it altogether. Over the next few
decades, AI would take over “human” tasks like logical reasoning, creativity in
design, business management etc. 3

. Importance of Artificial Intelligence

The potential for AI to transform the way we live, work and play makes this
important. Automation of human tasks, including customer service, lead generation,
fraud detection and quality control, has been successfully implemented in business.
Artificial intelligence can do many things significantly more efficiently than a human.
AI technologies are often fast and rarely error-free, especially when it comes to
repetitive, detail-oriented tasks, such as analyzing large legal documents to ensure key
fields are filled out correctly. Artificial intelligence can provide businesses with
actionable insights. is unknown because it can analyze huge data sets. Product design,
marketing and education benefit from the rapidly growing community of generative
AI technologies. Alphabet, Apple, Microsoft and Meta are just some of the biggest
and richest companies today. These businesses use AI technology for improving their
operations and outperform competitors. For example, AI is at the heart of Alphabet
subsidiary Google's search engine, Waymo's autonomous vehicles, and Google Brain,
which has developed a transformative neural network design that supports recent
advances in natural language processing. 4

Merits of Artificial Intelligence (AI)

1) Increases productivity and reduces labor costs.

2) Consistently produces results.

3) Improves client satisfaction by personalising the experience.

 Demerits of Artificial Intelligence (AI)

1) Strong technical competence is necessary.

2) Reduces employment and raises unemployment rates.

3) Limited availability of skilled personnel to create AI technologies.

4) More expensive D. 5

Types of Artificial Intelligence (AI)

1) Type 1: Reactive machines: These AI systems are task-specific and having lack of
memory. An example is IBM's Deep Blue chess program, which defeated Garry
Kasparov in the 1990s. Deep Blue can recognize chess pieces and make predictions,
but since he has no memory, he cannot rely on learning from the past to predict the
future.

2) Type 2:Limited memory: These AI systems contain memories that allow them to
refer to the past to guide their current actions.This is how some of the decision-
making processes of self-driving automobiles are constructed.

3) Type 3: Theory of mind: It implies that AI would be socially aware enough to

understand emotions when applied to technology. This type of artificial intelligence
will be able to predict behaviour and infer human intentions, which is a necessary
skill for AI systems to function as crucial members of human teams.

4) Type 4: In this category, AI programs are conscious because they have a sense of
who they are. There is currently no such AI. E. 6
Examples of Artificial Intelligence (AI)

1) Automation: Automation tools can increase the number and variety of jobs
carried out when paired with AI technology. RPA (Robotic Process Automation), a
form of software that automates repetitive, rule-based data processing operations
often carried out by people, is an example.

2) Machine Vision: This technology provides a machine with a capability to see.

Machine vision software may capture and analyse visual data using a camera, analog-
to-digital conversion, and digital signal processing.

3) Natural Language Processing (NLP): This is how a computer programme

interprets human language. Spam detection, one of the first and best-known uses of
NLP, analyses the subject line and text of an email to determine whether it is spam.

4) Machine Learning: The technology of getting a computer to act without

programming is described here. Deep learning is, to state it simply, the automation of
predictive analytics. A part of machine learning is called deep learning.

5) Robotics: This area of engineering focus on creation and design of robots .Jobs
that are difficult for humans to do or are inconsistently completed by humans are
typically completed by robots. Robots, for instance, are employed by NASA to move
heavy items in space or on auto manufacturing lines.

6) Self-driving Cars: In order to develop automated abilities to drive a vehicle while

keeping in a certain lane and avoiding unanticipated obstacles, such as pedestrians,
deep learning, image recognition, and computer vision are all combined in
autonomous vehicles.Text, image and audio generation: Businesses are using
generative AI approaches widely to produce a seemingly endless variety of content
types, from photorealistic art to email answers and scripts, all from text inputs. 7
2. Artificial Intelligence Methodology:-

2.1 Machine Learning :- It is one of the applications of AI where machines are not
explicitly programmed to perform certain tasks; rather, they learn and improve from
experience automatically. Deep Learning is a subset of machine learning based on
artificial neural networks for predictive analysis. There are various machine learning
algorithms, such as Unsupervised Learning, Supervised Learning, and Reinforcement
Learning. In Unsupervised Learning, the algorithm does not use classified information
to act on it without any guidance. In Supervised Learning, it deduces a function from
the training data, which consists of a set of an input object and the desired output.
Reinforcement learning is used by machines to take suitable actions to increase the
reward to find the best possibility which should be taken in to account.1

1.1 Natural Language Processing(NLP) :- It is the interactions between computers

and human language where the computers are programmed to process natural
languages. Machine Learning is a reliable technology for Natural Language
Processing to obtain meaning from human languages. In NLP, the audio of a human
talk is captured by the machine. Then the audio to text conversation occurs, and then
the text is processed where the data is converted into audio. Then the machine uses
the audio to respond to humans. Applications of Natural Language Processing can be
found in IVR (Interactive Voice Response) applications used in call centres, language
translation applications like Google Translate and word processors such as Microsoft
Word to check the accuracy of grammar in text. However, the nature of human
languages makes the Natural Language Processing difficult because of the rules
which are involved in the passing of information using natural language, and they are
not easy for the computers to understand. So NLP uses algorithms to recognize and
abstract the rules of the natural languages where the unstructured data from the human
languages can be converted to a format that is understood by the computer.

2.2 Automation & Robotics :- The purpose of Automation is to get the monotonous
and repetitive tasks done by machines which also improve productivity and in
receiving cost-effective and more efficient results. Many organizations use machine
learning, neural networks, and graphs inautomation. Such automation can prevent
fraud issues while financial transactions online by using CAPTCHA technology.
Robotic process automation is programmed to perform high volume repetitive tasks
which can adapt to the change in different circumstances .

2.3 Machine Vision :- Machines can capture visual information and then analyze it.
Here cameras are used to capture the visual information, the analogue to digital
conversion is used to convert the image to digital data, and digital signal processing is
employed to process the data. Then the resulting data is fed to a computer. In machine
vision, two vital aspects are sensitivity, which is the ability of the machine to perceive
impulses that are weak and resolution, the range to which the machine can distinguish
the objects. The usage of machine vision can be found in signature identification,
pattern recognition, and medical image analysis, etc.

2.4 Knowledge-Based Systems(KBS):- A KBS can be defined as a computer system

capable of giving advice in a particular domain, utilizing knowledge provided by a
human expert. A distinguishing feature of KBS lies in the separation behind the
knowledge, which can be represented in a number of ways such as rules, frames, or
cases, and the inference engine or algorithm which uses the knowledge base to arrive
at a conclusion.

2.5 Neural Networks:- NNs are biologically inspired systems consisting of a

massively connected network of computational “neurons,” organized in layers. By
adjusting the weights of the network, NNs can be “trained” to approximate virtually
any nonlinear function to a required degree of accuracy. NNs typically are provided
with a set of input and output exemplars. A learning algorithm (such as back
propagation) would then be used to adjust the weights in the network so that the
network would give the desired output, in a type of learning commonly called
supervised learning. 8
 3-Description

Artificial Intelligence (AI), also referred to as the new electricity, is the emerging
focus area in India. AI refers to the ability of machines to perform cognitive tasks like
thinking, perceiving, learning, problem solving and decision making. Most of the AI
systems rely on historical large datasets for predicting future trends and outcomes at a
pace which humans would not be able to match. The development of AI in India is in
the initial stages and there is no regulatory body focused solely on AI. However,
recently, Government of India has taken various initiatives related to AI such as
establishment of Artificial Intelligence Task Force, formulation of NITI Aayog's
National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence #AIFORALL, setting up of four
Committees for AI under Ministry of Electronics and Information technology etc.
Some of India’s state governments have also taken few initiatives, such as
establishment of Centre of Excellence for Data Science and Artificial Intelligence
(CoEDS&AI) by Karnataka, Safe and Ethical Artificial Intelligence Policy 2020 and
Face Recognition Attendance System by Tamil Nadu, AI-Powered System for
monitoring driving behaviour by West Bengal, AI System to fight agricultural risks
by Maharashtra etc. As with any other technology, AI brings with it a span of
opportunities and challenges. In healthcare, AI could be beneficial in mining medical
records; designing treatment plans; forecasting health events; assisting repetitive jobs;
doing online consultations; assisting in clinical decision making; medication
management; drug creation; making healthier choices and decisions; and solving
public health problems etc. AI could be very helpful in areas where there is scarcity of
human resources, such as rural and remote areas. AI technology has been helpful in
dealing with COVID-19 in India. It has helped in preliminary screening of COVID-19
cases, containment of coronavirus, contact tracing, enforcing quarantine and social
distancing, tracking of suspects, tracking the pandemic, treatment and remote
monitoring of COVID-19 patients, vaccine and drug development etc. The path for
adoption of AI driven healthcare in India is filled with a lot of challenges. The
unstructured data sets, interoperability issues, lack of open sets of medical data,
inadequate analytics solutions which could work with big data, limited funds,
inadequate infrastructure, lack of manpower skilled in AI, regulatory weaknesses,
inadequate framework and issues related to data protection are some of the key
challenges for AI-driven healthcare. It is recommended that government should
support companies to invest in AI; encourage public private partnerships in the
domain of AI and Health; enact and effectively enforce laws and legislation related to
AI and Health; frame policies addressing issues related to confidentiality and privacy
in the AIdriven healthcare; and establish a certification system for AI-based
healthcare solutions. To adopt AI-based healthcare, it is important to train workforce
in AI so that they can carefully handle sensitive health information, protect data
against theft and use AI systems effectively. It is also crucial that healthcare decisions
based on AI solutions should have a rationale and are explainable. 9

Scope of artificial intelligence in different areas

3.1. In the field of education

3.1.1. Artificial intelligence can automate basic activities in education, like grading -
While AI may not ever be able to truly replace human grading, it’s getting pretty
close. It’s now possible for teachers to automate grading for nearly all kinds of
multiple choice and fill-in-the-blank testing and automated grading of student writing
may not be far behind. Today, essay-grading software is still in its infancy and not
quite up to par, yet it in college, grading homework and tests for large lecture courses
can be tedious work, even when TAs split it between them. Even in lower grades,
teachers often find that grading takes up a significant amount of time, time that could
be used to interact with students, prepare for class, or work on professional
development.

3.1.1 Educational software can be adapted to student needs- From kindergarten to

graduate school, one of the key ways artificial intelligence will impact education is
through the application of greater levels of individualized learning. Some of this is
already happening through growing numbers of adaptive learning programs, games,
and software. These systems respond to the needs of the student, putting greater
emphasis on certain topics, repeating things that students haven’ mastered, and
generally helping students to work at their own pace, whatever that may be. This kind
of custom tailored education could be a machineassisted solution to helping students
at different levels work together in one classroom, with teachers facilitating the
learning and offering help and support when needed. Adaptive learning has already
had a huge impact on education across the nation (especially through programs like
Khan Academy), and as AI advances in the coming decades adaptive programs like
these will likely only improve and expand.

3.1.1. It can point out places where courses need to improve- Teachers may not
always be aware of gaps in their lectures and educational materials that can leave
students confused about certain concepts. Artificial intelligence offers a way to solve
that problem. Coursera, a massive open online course provider, is already putting this
into practice. When a large number of students are found to submit the wrong answer
to a homework assignment, the system alerts the teacher and gives future students a
customized message that offers hints to the correct answer. This type of system helps
to fill in the gaps in explanation that can occur in courses, and helps to ensure that all
students are International Journal of Advanced Educational Research 7 building the
same conceptual foundation. Rather than waiting to hear back from the professor,
students get immediate feedback that helps them to understand a concept and
remember how to do it correctly the next time around.

3.1.2.Students could get additional support from AI tutors- While there are obviously
things that human tutors can offer that machines can’t, at least not yet, the future
could see more students being tutored by tutors that only exist in zeros and ones.
Some tutoring programs based on artificial intelligence already exist and can help
students through basic mathematics, writing, and other subjects. These programs can
teach students fundamentals, but so far aren’t ideal for helping students learn high-
order thinking and creativity, something that realworld teachers are still required to
facilitate. Yet that shouldn’t rule out the possibility of AI tutors being able to do these
things in the future. With the rapid pace of technological advancement that has
marked the past few decades, advanced tutoring systems may not be a pipe dream.

3.1.3 AI-driven programs can give students and educators helpful feedback- AI can
not only help teachers and students to craft courses that are customized to their needs,
but it can also provide feedback to both about the success of the course as a whole.
Some schools, especially those with online offerings, are using AI systems to monitor
student progress and to alert professors when there might be an issue with student
performance. These kinds of AI systems allow students to get the support they need
and for professors to find areas where they can improve instruction for students who
may struggle with the subject matter. AI programs at these schools aren’t just offering
advice on individual courses, however. Some are working to develop systems that can
help students to choose majors based on areas where they succeed and struggle. While
students don’t have to take the advice, it could mark a brave new world of college
major selection for future students.

3.1.1. It is altering how we find and interact with information -We rarely even notice
the AI systems that affect the information we see and find on a daily basis. Google
adapts results to users based on location, Amazon makes recommendations based on
previous purchases, Siri adapts to your needs and commands, and nearly all web ads
are geared toward your interests and shopping preferences. These kinds of intelligent
systems play a big role in how we interact with information in our personal and
professional lives, and could just change how we find and use information in schools
and academia as well. Over the past few decades, AIbased systems have already
radically changed how we interact with information and with newer, more integrated
technology, students in the future may have vastly different experiences doing
research and looking up facts than the students of today.

3.1.2.It could change the role of teachers -There will always be a role for teachers in
education, but what that role is and what it entails may change due to new technology
in the form of intelligent computing systems. As we’ve already discussed, AI can take
over tasks like grading, can help students improve learning, and may even be a
substitute for realworld tutoring. Yet AI could be adapted to many other aspects of
teaching as well. AI systems could be programmed to provide expertise, serving as a
place for students to ask questions and find information or could even potentially take
the place of teachers for very basic course materials. In most cases, however, AI will
shift the role of the teacher to that of facilitator. Teachers will supplement AI lessons,
assist students who are struggling, and provide human interaction and hands-on
experiences for students. In many ways, technology is already driving some of these
changes in the classroom, especially in schools that are online or embrace the flipped
classroom model.

3.1.3.AI can make trial-and-error learning less intimidating- Trial and error is a
critical part of learning, but for many students, the idea of failing, or even not
knowing the answer, is paralyzing. Some simply don’t like being put on the spot in
front of their peers or authority figures like a teacher. An intelligent computer system,
designed to help students to learn, is a much less daunting way to deal with trial and
error. Artificial intelligence could offer students a way to experiment and learn in a
relatively judgment-free environment, especially when AI tutors can offer solutions
for improvement. In fact, AI is the perfect format for supporting this kind of learning,
as AI systems themselves often learn by a trialand error method.

3.1.4 Data powered by AI can change how schools find, teach, and support students-
Smart data gathering, powered by intelligent computer systems, is already making
changes to how colleges interact with prospective and current students. From
recruiting to helping students choose the best courses, intelligent computer systems
are helping make every part of the college experience more closely tailored to student
needs and goals. Data mining systems are already playing an integral role in today’s
higher-ed landscape, but artificial intelligence could further alter higher education.
Initiatives are already underway at some schools to offer students AI-guided training
that can ease the transition between college and high school. Who knows but that the
college selection process may end up a lot like Amazon or Netflix, with a system that
recommends the best schools and programs for student interests.

3.1.4 AI may change where students learn, who teaches them, and how they acquire
basic skills -While major changes may still be a few decades in the future, the reality
is that artificial intelligence has the potential to radically change just about everything
we take for granted about education. Using AI systems, software, and support,
students can learn from anywhere in the world at any time, and with these kinds of
programs taking the place of certain types of classroom instruction, . Educational
programs powered by AI are already helping students to learn basic skills, but as these
International Journal of Advanced Educational Research 8 programs grow and as
developers learn more, they will likely offer students a much wider range. 10
Applications of AI:-

Artificial Intelligence has various applications in today's society. It is becoming

essential for today's time because it can solve complex problems with an efficient way
in multiple industries, such as Healthcare, entertainment, finance, education, etc. AI is
making our daily life more comfortable and fast.

1. AI in Astronomy :-Artificial Intelligence can be very useful to solve complex

universe problems. AI technology can be helpful for understanding the universe such
as how it works, origin, etc.

2. AI in Healthcare:- In the last, five to ten years, AI becoming more advantageous

for the healthcare industry and going to have a significant impact on this industry. o
Healthcare Industries are applying AI to make a better and faster diagnosis than
humans. AI can help doctors with diagnoses and can inform when patients are
worsening so that medical help can reach to the patient before hospitalization.

3. AI in Gaming :-AI can be used for gaming purpose. The AI machines can play
strategic games like chess, where the machine needs to think of a large number of
possible places.
 4. AI in Finance :- AI and finance industries are the best matches for each other. The
finance industry is implementing automation, chatbot, adaptive intelligence, algorithm
trading, and machine learning into financial processes

5. AI in Data Security :- The security of data is crucial for every company and cyber-
attacks are growing very rapidly in the digital world. AI can be used to make your
data more safe and secure. Some examples such as AEG bot, AI2 Platform,are used to
determine software bug and cyberattacks in a better way.

6. AI in Social Media:- Social Media sitessuch as Facebook, Twitter, and Snapchat

contain billions of user profiles, which need to be stored and managed in a very
efficient way. AI can organize and manage massive amounts of data. AI can analyze
lots of data to identify the latest trends, hashtag, and requirement of different users.

7. AI in Travel & Transport:- AI is becoming highly demanding for travel industries.

AI is capable of doing various travel related works such as from making travel
arrangement to suggesting the hotels, flights, and best routes to the customers. Travel
industries are using AI-powered chatbots which can make human-like interaction with
customers for better and fast response.

8. AI in Automotive Industry:- Some Automotive industries are using AI to provide

virtual assistant to their user for better performance. Such as Tesla has introduced
TeslaBot, an intelligent virtual assistant. Various Industries are currently working for
developing self-driven cars which can make your journey more safe and secure.11

AI in hospital pharmacy:- The advanced technologies of AI hold enormous

transformative potential that is set to revolutionize clinical pharmacy practice by
integrating their duties in a seamless and synergistic manner. It offers pharmacists an
unparalleled opportunity to enhance their collaboration with clinicians, especially in
hospital settings. AI-driven platforms streamline communication between pharmacists
and clinicians by delivering real-time updates on patient medications, potential drug
interactions, and dosage recommendations derived from integrated patient data. Such
seamless integrations position pharmacists as essential members of healthcare teams,
ensuring both patient safety and therapeutic effectiveness. AI’s capacity to interpret
vast amounts of patient data and clinical guidelines enables it to recommend
appropriate drug therapies, dosages, and combination medications. For example, IBM
Watson for Oncology is an AI-driven tool that aids oncologists in pinpointing
potential cancer drug treatments tailored to individual patient profiles. By analyzing a
patient’s medical history in conjunction with extensive medical literature and clinical
trial data, Watson suggests therapies that could be most effective for particular cancer
types9 . AI also plays a pivotal role in quality improvement. By identifying patterns in
medication errors and adverse drug reactions, AI can offer insights into potential
systemic issues, thus informing quality improvement strategies. For example,
Google’s AI has demonstrated its ability to predict adverse events in hospitals and
formulate preventative measures, leading to enhanced patient safety and overall care
quality10. For example, in 2018, Google unveiled a significant advancement in
cardiovascular disease (CVD) studies. Their researchers, harnessing machine learning
techniques, crafted an AI model capable of estimating an individual’s heart disease
risk by examining the retina11. Another example is the Chemical Substructure
Representation (CASTER), an AI tool that can conduct an extensive assessment of
hidden features depicts drugs or pairs of drugs based on these common structures. It
then uses deep learning techniques to create a universal representation of these drugs.
This can help in anticipating possible drug–drug interactions and adverse drug
reactions, enhancing the safety and efficacy of pharmaceutical treatments12. AI’s
predictive analytics capabilities also have the potential to streamline patient care by
predicting health trajectories based on current treatment plans and patient health
histories. Tools like Google DeepMind have shown the ability to accurately forecast
hospital readmission rates for heart failure patients, providing pharmacists with a
more precise tool for customizing care strategies13. In patient education, AI plays a
vital role, translating sophisticated medical advice into more digestible and
comprehensible formats. Interactive chatbots, such as Buoy Health14, offer
personalized advice about medication usage, diet changes, lifestyle modifications, and
treatment plans, fostering increased understanding and compliance. In consultations,
AI’s ability to swiftly analyze new research findings, guidelines, and patient-specific
information enables pharmacists, equipped with tools like PathAI, to rapidly generate
evidence-based treatment recommendations, thereby strengthening collaborative
healthcare processes15. AI algorithms have proven themselves to be invaluable tools
in therapeutic drug monitoring, continuously analyzing patient data, including
biomarkers, to assess the efficacy and safety of medication therapies. Platforms like
Dosis Personalized Dosing use real-time patient data to suggest optimal medication
dosages based on individual responses for better therapeutic outcomes16. Overall, AI
can enable clinical pharmacists to concentrate their efforts on delivering superior,
patient-centric care rather than on administrative duties, leading to improved patient
outcomes and increased job satisfaction and professional fulfillment for pharmacists.

AI in community pharmacies :-AI promises to revolutionize community pharmacy

practice, extending its impact beyond pharmacists’ primary responsibilities. Firstly,
AI enhances supply chain management. AI algorithms can analyze a vast amount of
data, including past sales, seasonality, local health trends, promotional activities, and
even external factors like weather patterns or disease outbreaks, to predict demand for
various medications. This helps pharmacies maintain an optimal inventory,
minimizing stockouts (when high-demand items run out) and overstock (where items
remain unsold, potentially expiring before being sold). Furthermore, AI automates the
reordering processes to maintain optimal inventory levels. By monitoring stock levels
in real-time and automatically generating purchase orders to replenish stocks when
levels fall below certain thresholds, this technology can save staff time and help
ensure essential medications are always readily available for purchase. AI tools can
also evaluate suppliers based on factors like reliability, cost, delivery speed, and
product quality. For instance, this technology could analyze historical delivery time,
cost, and quality data from each provider before suggesting the ideal supplier for each
product, helping pharmacies maintain high-quality inventory while minimizing
costs17. Secondly, AI can improve Automated Dispensing Systems (ADSs). AI can
significantly increase accuracy and precision in dispensing, learn from past errors, and
employ machine learning algorithms for continuous system optimization18. AI’s
capability to swiftly sort and label medications, anticipate maintenance needs, and
tailor dispensing according to each patient’s specifications will not only maximize
operational efficiency but also foster personalized patient care. By integrating
automated dispensing with other aspects of pharmacy management, such as inventory
control and electronic health records, AI can further streamline medication processes
from prescription generation to billing. AI’s ability to cross-reference dispensed
medication against patients’ health records provides an extra safeguard, promptly
alerting pharmacists of potential drug interactions or patient allergies, thus greatly
enhancing patient safety. Thirdly, AI assists in advancing public health monitoring.
AI systems can analyze large-scale health data sets to detect trends in disease
outbreaks, drug usage patterns, and other public health issues that may require a
response by pharmacists or public health organizations. For instance, AI could detect
an upsurge in reported flu symptoms from certain regions through data parsing19,
subsequently notifying pharmacists in those regions about potential outbreaks. This
will prompt them to stockpile antiviral medications, flu shots, and over-the-counter
remedies in anticipation of increased 1082 A. Z. AL MESLAMANI demand.
Furthermore, AI can aid pharmacists in tackling health equity challenges by analyzing
data such as zip codes, demographics, and medical histories. By correlating zip codes
with socioeconomic indicators and health outcomes, AI can pinpoint areas with
pronounced health disparities, offer tailored patient recommendations, and provide
insights for specific policy actions. Such understanding can pave the way for more
strategic and effective healthcare initiatives. For example, AI might pinpoint areas
with high adult diabetes rates, which can inform the creation of educational programs,
provision of complimentary medications, or enhanced access to care for affected
individuals. Lastly, AI tools can boost pharmacies’ profitability. By analyzing data
such as past sales and local health trends, AI algorithms can predict medication
demand17. This ensures optimal inventory management, minimizing stockouts or
overstocks that could negatively impact profits. Moreover, operational efficiency
improvements, a direct result of AI integration, contribute significantly to
profitability. Automating tasks like dispensing medication and managing inventory
allows pharmacy staff to focus on higher-value services like patient counseling and
care. This not only enhances service quality but may also open new revenue streams.
AI tools such as chatbots or automated reminders can increase patient engagement.
For instance, an AI chatbot could provide personalized medication advice, promoting
better adherence among patients. This can improve patient health outcomes and foster
loyalty, as customers are more likely to return when offered personalized and
attentive service. In terms of cost savings, AI can reduce dispensing errors that lead to
costly reimbursements or reputational damage, patient harm ,and prevent equipment
breakdowns, thus saving on unexpected repair costs. AI also facilitates data-driven
decision-making. For example, AI could analyze sales data to identify high-margin
products, allowing a pharmacy to concentrate its marketing efforts on these items for
increased sales. AI can identify trends suggesting new revenue opportunities, such as
an unmet need in local communities for certain health products or services. Efficient
staffing through AI not only enhances patient satisfaction but directly links to the
profitability of pharmacists. Optimizing staffing levels means pharmacists can attend
to a greater number of patients without compromising on the quality of service,
thereby increasing revenue. Moreover, satisfied customers often lead to repeat
business and word-of-mouth referrals, further boosting profitability. Reducing
overheads by avoiding overstaffing, combined with the increased revenue from
efficient service, enhances the overall financial health of the pharmacy. 12

Vision

• Embed AI in our Economic, Political and Legal thought processes so that there is
systemic capability to support the goal of India becoming one of the leaders of AI-rich
economies Mission

• Leverage AI for Economic Benefits

• Education

• Agriculture/Food Processing

• Fintech

• Healthcare

• Retail/Customer Engagement

• Human and Robot interaction/intelligent automation

• AADHAAR/Big Data

• Environment

• National Security

• Enablers for AI Technology development

• General/other issues related to AI

• Public Utility Services 24 13

4- CONCLUSION :-

Until now we have discussed about the significant features of artificial intelligence i.e.
it’s benefits, technologies, it’s precise and a good definition. Now we can say that
making a machine or say robot is not as easy as an chu tiye ABC. It is difficult to make a
machine like humans which can show emotions or think like humans in different
circumstances. Now we have accepted that artificial intelligence is the study of how to
make things which can exactly work like humans do. It is the way in which we think
sensibly, act wisely, think like humans, work like humans. W har am kh or e know that
through artificial intelligence, even computer has defeated human in chess. So we can say
that reaching so far has not gone waste, somehow, it is contributing towards the
advancement in the Artificial intelligence. At present, there is no computer showing
fullartificial intelligence m a d a r , but the c h o d course of making machines like
ourselves is on its path. The field of artificial intelligence gives the ability to the
machines to think analytically, using concepts. Tremendous contribution to the various
areas has been made by the Artificial Intelligence techniques from the last 2 decades.
Artificial Intelligence will continue to play an increasingly important role in the various
fields. This paper is based on the concept of artificial intelligence, scope of artificial
intelligence in different areas with special to “the field of education”. As all know
artificial intelligence is intelligence behavior of machines which is given by the
professional. As you all know artificial intelligence have simplified our life in every
aspect it can be article writing or game playing or taking any important decision. In any
machine many experts mind can be combined which is more powerful than a single
expert mind. Many labors work can be done by a single machine and good thing of it is
that it never tired. Now such types of robots are going to make which have emotions it
will finish the loneliness of the person. But it has another aspect that is can be dangers for
us. If we become completely dependent on that machines than it can ruin our life as we
do not do any work ourselves and got lazy. And another is that it cannot give the feeling
like human. So machines should be used only where there those are actually required.
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