Scribd
Upload
10 views5 pages

Immunosero Notes

Uploaded by

Joe-ali Manampan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
10 views5 pages

Immunosero Notes

Uploaded by

Joe-ali Manampan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

• TOPIC: COMPLEMENT SYSTEM

COMPLEMENT: AMPLIFYING THE INFLAMMATORY RESP­


ONSE TO DISTROY AND CLEAR FOREIGN ANTIGEN. LYSE
FOREIGN CELL, OPSONIZE AND TAG THE INVADERS FOR
CLERANCE, AND DIRECT THE ADAPTIVE IMMUNE SYSTEM
TO SITE OF INFECTION.
↳ ALSO PROINFLAMATORY"
✓ INCREASE VASCULAR PERMEABILITY
✓ RECRUIT MONOCYTES AND NEUTROPHILS
✓ TRIGGER SECRETION OF IMMUNO REGULATORY
MOLECULES
↳ "HOUSEKEEPING ROLES AS WELL."
- RECOGNIZES CELLULAR DEBRIS SUCH AS APOPTOTIC
CELLS AND IMMUNE COMLEXES, TAGGING THEM FOR
REMOVAL BY INNATE IMMUNE CELLS.
↳ " NEED TO BE CAREFULLY REGULATED."
- DEFICIENCIES TO THE COMPLEMENT SYSTEM CAN
RESULT IN AN INCREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY TO IN­
FECTION.
- ACCUMULATION OF IMMUNE COMPLEXES RESULT­
ING IN POSSIBLE AUTOIMMU DISORDERS.
- NUMEROUS PROTEINS ACT AS CONTROLS OR REGU­
LATORS OF THE SYSTEM.
PATHWAY OF THE COMPLEMENT SYSTEM:
✓ CLASSICAL PATHWAY
- INVOLVES NINE PROTEIN THAT ARE TRIGGERED
PRIMARY BY ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY COMBINATION.
- PILLEMER AND COLLEAGUES DISCOVERED AN ANTI-
BODY-INDEPENDENT PATHWAY IN THE 1950s
THAT PLAYS A MAJOR ROLE AS A NATURAL DEFENSE
SYSTEM.
◦ ACTIVATION OF THE CLASSICAL PATHWAY
- THE MAIN ANTIBODY-DIRECTED MECHANISM FOR
TRIGGERING COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION.
- NOT ALL IMMUNOGLOBULIN CLASSES THAT CAN
ACTIVATE THE CLASSICAL PATHWAY.
- THIS INCLUDES IgM, IgG 1, 1962, AND 1963, BUT
NOT 1964, IgA, OR IgE.
- IgM IS THE MOST EFFICIENT OF THE ACTIVATING
IMMUNOGLOBULINS BECAUSE IT HAS MULTIPLE BINDING
SITE.
- IgG REQUIRES TWO MOLECULES MUST ATTACH TO
ANTIGEN BEFORE COMPLEMENT CAN BIND.
- WITHEN THE 196 GROUP. 1963 IS THE MOST EFFECTIVE.
FOLLOWED BY 1961 AND THEN 192.
- FEW SUBSTANCES CAN BIND COMPLEMENT DIRECTLY
TO INITIATE THE CLASSICAL CASCADE.
↳ CRP, SEVERAL VIRUSES, MYCOPLASMA. SOME PROTO-
ZOA, AND CERTAIN GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA SUCH
As Esherichia coli.
T H R E E M A IN S T A G E S O F CO M P L E M E N T
A C T IV A T IO N
✓ R E C O G N I T IO N U N IT
✓ A C T I V IT IO N U N IT
✓ M E M B R A N E A T TA CK CO M P L EX (M A C )
1 . R E C O G N IT IO N U N IT
- F IR S T C O M P L E M E N T C O M P O N E N T O F T H E C L A S S IC A L
P A TH W A Y T O B I N D IS C I .
I T C O N S IS T O F T H R E E S U B U N IT S - C I g , C l r , C I S -
W H IC H R E Q U IR E P R E S E N C E O F C A L C IU M T O M A I N T A I N
S T R U C T U R E .
- C O M P L E X I S M A D E U P O F O N E C I G S U B U N IT S A N D
T W O E A C H O F T H E C I V A N D C I S S U B U N IT S .
- A L T H O U G H T H E C I G U N I T' IS T H E
P A R T T H A T B IN D S T O T H E A N T I -
B O D Y M O L E C ULE S
- T H E C I T A N D C I S S U B U N IT S
G E N E R A T E E N Z Y M E A C T I V IT Y T O
B E G IN T H E C A S C A D E .
- ( 1 9 " R E C O G N IZ E S " T H E F R A G M E N T
C R Y S T A L L I Z A B L E ( F c ) R E G IO N O F
T W O A D J A C E N T A N T IB O D Y .
- A T LE A S T T W O O F T H E G L O B U LA R H E A D S O F C I g M UST
B E B O U N D T O IN IT IA T E T H E C L A S S IC A L P A T H W A Y .
- C I V A N D C I S A R E S E R IN E P R O T E A S E P R O E N Z Y M E S .
A L S O C A LL E D Z Y M O G E N S .
- A S B I N D IN G O F C l g
O CC UR S , B O TH A R E C ON V ER ­
T E D I N T O A C T IV E E N Z Y M E .
- A U T O A C T IV A T IO N O F C I V
R E S ULT S FR OM A C O N F E R M A -
T IO N A L C H A N G E T H A T T A K E S
P L A C E A S C I g IS B O U N D .
- A C T I V A T E D C I V IS E X T R -
E M E L Y S P E C IF IC B E C A U S E
I T S O N L Y K N O W N S U B S TR A ­
T E IS C I s .
- C I S H A S L I M I T E D S P E C I F IC I T Y , W I T H I T S O N L Y
S U B S T R A T E B E IN G C A A N D C 2 .
- O N C E C I S A C T IV A T E D T H E R E C O G N I T IO N S T A G E E N D S

2 . A C T I V A T IO N U N IT
- B E G IN S W H E N C I S C L E A V E S C T A N D S W / P R O D U C T IO N
OF E N Z YM E 0 5 C O N V ER T A S E
- C 4 IS T H E S E C O N D S M O S T A B U N D A N T C O M P LE M EN T
P R O T E IN .
- C I s C L E A V E S 2 4 T O S P L IT O F F F R A G M E N T C A LL ED
C t a AN D Ct b .
- C 2 IS T H E N EX T C O M P O N E N T T O B E A C T IV A T E D .
- W H E N C O M B IN E D W I T H C 4 b IN T H E P R E S E N C E
M A G N IS IU M IO N S , C 2 IS C L E A V E D B Y C I S T O F O R M
C Z A A N D C 2 b
- T H E C O M B IN A T IO N O F C 4 b A N D
C r a IS K N O W N A S C 3 C O N V E ­
R T A S E - C 4 b 2 a (N OT S TA B LE )
- C 3 M U S T B O U N D Q U IC K L Y ,
C 3 IS C L E A V E D I N T O T W O P A R T S ,
C 3 a AN D C 3 b .
- I F C 3 b IS B O U N D W IT H I N T H E
C 4 b 2 a , T H IS C R E A T E S A N E W
E N Z Y M E K N O W N A S C 5 C O N V E -
F AS E
- T H E C L E A V I N G O F C 5 W il t
D E P O S I T IO N O F C 5 b A T A N O T H E R
S IT E O N T H E C E L L M E M B R A N E
C O N S T IT U T E S T H E B E G IN N I N G
O F M A C - M E M B R A N E A TTA CK
C O M P LEX

3 .T H E M E M B R A N E A T T A C K CO M P L E X (M A C )
- C 5 C O N V E R T A S E , I S C O N S I S T IN G O F C 4 b 2 b 3 b
- S P L IT S F O R M I N G C 5 a T H A T W IL L R E L E A S E D IN T O
C I R C U L A T IO N , W H E R E A S C 5 b A T T A C H E S T O T H E
C E L L M E M B R A N E , F O R M IN G T H E B E G IN N I N G O F T H E
M A C .
- C 5 b IS E X T R E M E L Y L A B I L E A N D R A P I D L Y I N A C T IV A ­
T E D U N L E S S B I N D IN G T O 0 6 O C C U R S .
- O N C E 0 6 IS B O U N D T O C 5 b . S U B S E Q U E N T B IN D IN G
IN V O L V E S 0 7 , 0 8 , A N D C 9 .

You might also like