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Chapter-2
Emerging Trends

1. List some of the cloud-based services that you are using at present.
Ans: based on the standard models of cloud-based services we are using are listed
below-
a. IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) – Amazon Web Services, Digital Ocean, MS
Azure
b. PaaS (Platform as a Service) – Google App Engine, AWS Beanstalk
c. SaaS (Software as a Service) – Google Workspace, Dropbox

2. What do you understand by the Internet of Things? List some of its potential
applications.

Ans: the ‘Internet of things’ is a network of interrelated mechanical and digital devices,
computing devices and other objects that have embedded hardware and software to
communicate with others on the same network without the need of any human-to-
computer or human-to-human interaction.
Some potential applications of IoT are-

- Smart Home security system

- Smart Cities
- Smart Wearable
- Smart Farming
- Smart Retails

3. Write a short note on the following:

a) Cloud computing

Ans: Cloud Computing is defined as Computer-based services delivered over the

Internet. It doesn’t store any data on your computer. The services comprise software,
hardware, databases, storage etc.
The reason behind the term ‘Cloud’ is the design of network at different location with
different network devices similar to cloud.

b) Big data and its characteristics

Big data is term that is used representing the collection of datasets of enormous volume
and complexity. Such data cannot be processed and analyzed using traditional data
processing tools as the data is not only voluminous, but also unstructured.

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Characteristics of Big data

Volume- the most prominent characteristics of big data is its enormous size which is
very difficult to manage with traditional DBMS tools.
Velocity- it is the rate at which the data under consideration is being generated and
tored.
Variety- it is the data set with wide range of variety such as structured, semi
structured and unstructured data.
Value- big data is not just the amount of data we manage but is actually the amount of
valuable, reliable and trustworthy data which helps industries to make more informed
decisions.

4. Explain the following along with their applications.

a) Artificial Intelligence

Ans: Artificial Intelligence is the ‘ability of machine to take decisions of their own’. An
intelligent machine is supposed to imitate some of the cognitive functions of humans
like learning, decision-making and problem solving. Some of its applications are Siri,
Google Now, Cortana, Alexa etc.

b) Machine Learning

Ans: machine learning is the ability of machine to learn from data using statistical
techniques, without being explicitly programmed by a human being. It comprises
algorithms that use data to learn on their own and make predictions. Some of its
application is search engine, photo tagging applications, spam detector etc.

5. Differentiate between cloud computing and grid computing with suitable examples.
Ans:
Cloud Computing Grid Computing
Cloud computing comprise of software, A grid is computer network of
hardware, storage and delivered over the geographically dispersed and heterogeneous
Internet. computation resources
Cloud computing is more flexible than grid Grid computing is less flexible than cloud
computing computing
Cloud computing is service oriented Grid computing is application oriented

6. Justify the following statement-

‘Storage of data is cost effective and time saving in cloud computing.’

Ans: The cloud storage is cost effective and time saving because we do not need to expense on
hardware resources, power and support to manage and store data, the cloud vendor handles
all. With cloud computing substantially less time is spent on maintaining software, searching
for specific files as all the data are stored at centralized location.

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7. What is on-demand service? How it is provided in cloud computing?

On-demand service refers to the type of service of technology and computing in which
computing resources are provided on an as-needed and when-needed basis. A user can use on-
demand infrastructure or platform or software and is usually charged as per the usage,
thereby eliminating the need of a huge investment upfront for a new or evolving organization.

8. Write examples of the following:

a) Government provided cloud computing platform

Ans: ‘MeghRaj’ (https://cloud.gov.in)

b) Large scale private cloud service providers and the services they provide

Ans:
Google - Google Cloud
Microsoft - Azure
Amazon - Amazon Web Services

9. A company interested in cloud computing is looking for a provider who offers a set of basic
services such as virtual server provisioning and on-demand storage that can be combined into
a platform for deploying and running customized applications. What type of cloud computing
model fits these requirements?
a) Platform as a Service
b) Software as a Service
c) Infrastructure as a Service

Ans: c) Infrastructure as a Service

10. Which is not one of the features of IoT devices?

a) Remotely controllable
b) Programmable
c) Can turn themselves off if necessary
d) All of the above

Ans:

11. If Government plans to make a smart school by applying IoT concepts, how can each of the
following be implemented in order to transform a school into IoT enabled smart school?
a) e-textbooks
Ans: we can develop e-library and upload all the books in digital from including audio
and video. Student can access it using QR code.

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b) Smart boards

Ans: smart boards which are touch sensitive device can be connected to computer
system with internet and projector. This large screen can be controlled with digital pen
and also finger touch.

c) Online tests

Ans: we can create web-based classrooms including various features like creating
assignments, material, test and share with students.

d) Wifi sensors on classrooms doors –

Ans: we can use wifi sensors on classroom doors to open and close automatically using
high bandwidth internet.

e) Sensors in buses to monitor their location

Ans: IoT based school bus tracking and monitoring system can be used to ensure the
safety of student in transit. This device uses GPS and Google Earth.

f) Wearables (watches or smart belts) for attendance monitoring

Ans: by using IoT and Cloud technology based on RFID in wearbles, real-time
attendance can be produced which can be accessed by different parties such as teacher,
administrator, parent etc.

12. Five friends plan to try a startup. However, they have a limited budget and limited
computer infrastructure. How can they avail the benefits of cloud services to launch their
startup?

Ans: By using Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) modal, they can avail the benefits of the
cloud services to launch their startup. Using IaaS from the cloud, they can use the hardware
and software infrastructure remotely to configure, deploy and execute any application. And
they can outsource the hardware and software as on demand and pay as per the usage,
thereby they can save the cost of whole infrastructure.

13. Governments provide various scholarships to students of different classes. Prepare a

report on how block chain technology can be used to promote accountability, transparency and
efficiency in distribution of scholarships?

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Ans: The blockchain technology works on the concept of decentralized and shared database
where each computer has a copy of the database. Basis on this we can define a system for
scholarship that allows a group of nodes to maintain a single updated and secure ledger. Each
node maintains an ‘append copy’ open ledger which is updated only after all the nodes within
the network authenticate the transaction.
All the members in the network keeps a copy of blockchain and so it is not possible for a single
member of network to make changes or alter data.
Hence we can say sue to its decentralized nature and openness and security, blockchain are
being as one of the ways to ensure transparency, accountability and efficiency in distribution
of scholarship.

14. How IoT and WoT are related?

Ans: IoT allow us to interact with different devices through internet using smartphones or
computers, thus creates a personal network and on the other side WoT allow us to use web
services to connect anything in the physical world. Hence we can say that both are
- communication medium
- Uses networking protocols
- Creates network of different objects
However the scope of IoT is broader than WoT.

15. Match the following:

Column A Column B
You got a reminder to take medication
Smart Parking
You got a sms alert that you forgot to lock
Smart Wearable
the door
You got the sms alert that parking space
Home Automation
is available near your block
You turned off your LED TV from your
Smart Health
wrist watch