CODE SWITCHING UTTERANCES OF PUBLIC FIGURES VLOG IN

YOUTUBE CHANNEL

PROPOSAL

English Education Program

BUNGA MAWADDAH

1702050072

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH NORTH SUMATERA

MEDAN

2021
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful. Praises and Gratitude

be to Allah for giving the strength and guidance to the writer. so that, this

proposal can be finished accordingly. Peace and blessing be upon the prophet

Muhammad ‘alaihi wasalaam, his family, his relatives, and his followers.

The writing of this proposal entitled “Code Switching Utterances of

Public Figures Vlog in Youtube Channel”. This proposal written to fullfillone of

the requirements to obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree at the Department of

English Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of

Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara.

The writing of this proposal is actually a miracle for the since it was firstly

regarded as a task would be very hard to do. However, it has now been denied

since the proposal has finally been written. Then, I would like thanks to Allah

Subhaanaahu wa Ta’ala for his Blessing given to me so that the writing of this

proposal has been finished without any meaningful problem. Additionally, the

writer was grateful to the following for their supports and helps.

1. Dr. Agussani M.AP., as the Rector of University Muhammadiyah

Sumatera Utara

2. Dr. Elfrianto Nasution, S.Pd., M.Hum., as the Dean of FKIP UMSU

3. Mandra Saragih, S.Pd., M.Hum and Pirman Ginting, S.Pd., M.Hum., as

the head and secretary of English Education Department of FKIP UMSU.

i
4. Halima Tussa’diah S.S., M.A., as the supervisor who had given a lot of

suggestions, ideas, critics, and guidance in writing this research.

5. My beloved parents Poniran and Nurainun, my sister Salma Fadilah, Tri

Novi Giharti Aira and my brother Catur Pram Budi.

So the researcher hoped suggestions and comments from all readers,

especially for the students of English Department who want to do a research.

May Allah SWT bless all.

Medan, Mei 2020

The Researcher

BUNGA MAWADDAH
NPM. 1702050072

ii
 TABLE OF CONTENT

PREFACE......................................................................................................i

TABLE OF CONTENT ..............................................................................ii

CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION

1.1......................................................................... Background of the Study 1

1.2.................................................................. Identification of the Problem 3

1.3............................................................................... Scope and Limitation 4

1.4................................................................. The Formulation of the Study 4

1.5...................................................................... The Objective of the Study 4

1.6......................................................................... The Significance of Study 5

CHAPTER II. THE REVIEW OF LITERATURE

A. Theoretical Framework..................................................................6

2.1.............................................................................................. Bilingualism 6

2.2......................................................................................... Code switching 7

2.2.1. Types of code switching ..............................................................8

2.3....................................................................................... Previous of study 10

2.4........................................................................... Conceptual Framework 10

iii
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY

3.1. Research Design ..................................................................................12

3.2. Source the Data ...................................................................................12

3.3............................................................The Technique of Collecting Data 12

3.4..................................................... The Technique for Analysis the Data 14

REFERENCES ..........................................................................................16

iv
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Background of The Study

Language is closely related to how people communicate with one another.

Thus, in learning a language, we are also bound to people or society. In

Linguistics, it is known as sociolinguistics. Sociolinguistics is the study learning

about human and society. According to Rubén Chacón-Beltrán (2013), states that

in sociolinguistics "the stress is placed on language and its role within

communication. Sociology of language, however, centers on the study of society

and how we can understand it through the study of language”.

An Indonesia language, it has three kinds of language. The first is

local/regional language which will be used when the people meet with the same

group or same region. The second is national language. It is Indonesian language.

People use it to communicate with other people has different group or region. The

third is international language. It is English language. It becomes a tool of

communication in the world, so if people has ability to master two or more

languages. It can be called bilingualism.

In the fact, there are two ways to communicate with other people. The first,

written communication usually finds in on the magazine, newspaper, letters and

others. The second, spoken communication means that people use mouth to speak

or deliver information. people can find that case when we see people speak each

other or from media electronic like, Smartphone and etc. talking about

1
Smartphone, there are many apps that users can find visual aid, one of them

YouTube.

Nowadays, YouTube becomes popular social media which almost people in

the world have it. Mostly, celebrities and public figures in the world use youTube

to communicate or to share idea, daily activity, feeling and etc as an interaction

with fans. People, who produce the video to youTube called youTuber.

Most youTuber will create artwork in the form of the video which can be

genre about education, entertainment, news, problem that are often found in the

community and etc. this video called Vlog. It is one of the part technology

advanced learning material.

From youTube, Celebrities and Pubic figures use English language and

Indonesia language to share something. That case, we called as bilingual people

where two or more languages co-exist, speaker frequently switch language to

meet communication needs. That is a common phenomenon of language contact,

which is broadly discussed in every subfield of linguistic discipline called as code

switching (Nilep, 2006).

the fact, many people don’t know well about the code switching because this

phenomenon is not studied in Indonesian linguistics but it is discussed in English

linguistics and therefore as a researcher wants to inform and introduce the reader

or public around code switching.

According to (Hoffman, 1991) and According to Salima (2010), that code

switching have three types namely “Inter-sentential code switching, Intra-

sentential code switching, Extra-sentential/Tag switching”. In this case, there are

2
still many people who do not know if every language changing has types in each

of these utterances. People who switch the language should have purposes or

reasons, such as a change in conversation topics, participants, environment, and

inadequate vocabulary in one language.

In social life, some people often hear code switching in media electronic like

television, youTube and etc. according to society. People used it by judging it as

cool style to express something. For instance, Public figures are showing the

expression with English language. Two of them are DEDY CORBUZIER and

BOY WILLIAM In the vlog. Which is between two speakers has same one

nationality. But if two speakers have different nationality so they mix or switch

their language. It means they change their utterances from national/ local language

to international language.

Thi research, the researcher chooses “vlog of DEDY CORBUZIER and BOY

WILLIAM” in youtube channel to analyze especially about code switching.

1.2. The Identification of The Problem

the problems that can be identified are as follows:

1. youTube becomes popular social media which many people have it.

2. Celebrities and Public figures in the world use youTube to

communicate or to share idea, daily activity, feeling and etc as an

interaction with fans.

3. Speakers frequently switch language to meet communication need.

4. Public figures are showing their expression with English.

3
 1.3. Scope and Limitation

The scope of the research is about language contact and it is limited in

code switching. It will find in vlog of DEDY CORBUZIER and BOY WILLIAM

in Youtube Channel.

1.4. Formulation of The Problem

The formulation of this research are as follows:

1. is code switching applied in the vlog of DEDY COEBUZIER

and BOY WILLIAM?

2. What are the types of code switching applied in the vlog of

DEDY CORBUZIER and BOY WILLIAM?

1.5. The Objectives and Benefits of The Research :

1. To find out whether code switching is used when DEDY

CORBUZIER and BOY WILLIAM making vlogs.

2. To describe the types of code-switching is applied in vlog

of DEDY CORBUZIER and BOY WILLIAM.

1.6. Significance of The Study

The significant of the study are in the following:

1. Theoretical

The finding of this research a hope to contribute to the study of the

sociolinguistic especially about language contact in which code switching

is also the part of it.

2. Practically

4
a. For teacher:

To help them to get the information about code switching

b. For student

As the additional data in studying language contact especially about

code switching

c. For the reader or other researcher

To provide information for them to do the same research but different

point of view.

CHAPTER II

5
 THE REVIEW OF LITERATURE

A. Theoretical Framework

2.1. Bilingualism

Bilingualism is the ability of an individual two speaker two languages with same

nationality or different nationality. Wardaugh,(1986;101) state that “the

phenomenon of people having more than one code (language) is called as

bilingualism or multilingualism”. Spolsky (1998:45) defines a bilingual as “a

person who has some functional ability in the second language”. According to

Bloomfield (in Rahardi, 2001;13) “bilingualism ia a situation where a speaker

can use two languages as well”.

There are many definitions of bilingualism specified by many language

Expert. In Merriam-western online dictionary (2012) bilingualism is defined as

“the ability to speak two languages or the frequent use (as by community) of two

languages “. Similarly, Grosjean argues (as cited in baker, 2011) that individuals

or people who are able to use two or more than one language or dialect in their

daily lives basis are considered as bilingual person; yet, is not clear enough since

there is no specific information whether those people are able to master both of

the language fluently or not. what Edwards (2004) means about bilingualism is

that everyone is counted as bilingual if s/he has more or less two words or

utterances used in another language which is found flexible, easy, and simple to

specify

Based on the statement above, there two condition that we can call as

bilingualism. the first, the person who able speak most widely two language

6
 called as bilingual person and the second condition, the people who master

two dialects although s/he only able speak single language, we can call as

bilingual person.

2.2. Code Switching

Code switching can occur quite frequently in an informal conversation

among people who are familiar and have a shred educational, ethic, and socio-

economic background. It is avoided in a f ormal speech situation among people

especially to those who have little in common factors in terms of socio status.

Language loyalty and formality.(Hoffman 1991; 119)

Hoffman and McKay (2010) defines code switching occurs when there are two

or more languages exist in a community and it make speakers frequently switch

from one language to another language.

Code switching happens in conversation between two speakers. In the latter

case, it can occur between sentence (inter- sentential) or within a single sentence

(intra- sentential). Code switching can appear from individual choices or it can

be used as primary identity person itself.

As Gal says, ‘Code Switching is a conversational strategy use to establish,

cross or destroy group boundaries. It is create evoke or change Interpersonal

relations with their rights and obligations.

Meisel (1994:415) states that:’Code-switching is the ability to select the

language according to the interlocutor, the situational context, the topic of

conversation, and so forth, and to change languages within an interactional

sequence in accordance with sociolinguistic rules and without violating specific

grammatical constraints’.

7
 2.2.1. The Types of Code Switching

Code Switching divided into some types in sociolinguistic. Bloom and Gumprez

(1972) are the first linguist who introduce the concept of setting , situation, and

event taken as stages recognized in the statement of personal strategies to analyze

the meaning of choice between the two varieties as example, situational switching

and metaphorical switching. (Josiane F. Hamers and Michel H. Blanc , 2003)

However the writer use Hamers and Blanc (2003) to prove the code switching

case in public figures vlog on youtube channel.

Hamers and Blanc (2003) determined that code switching have three types

namely “ Inter-sentential code switching, Intra-sentential code switching, Extra-

sentential/Tag switching”.

a. Inter-sentential switching

Inter-sentential switching happens when the speaker speaks clause in

one language, and then a uses different clause in a different language.

the utterances consists of two different sentence in two different

language. according to Hamers and Blanc (2003), Inter-sentential

switching is a switch at clause or sentence boundary; one clause being

in one language, the order clause in the other(p.259).

For instance, “baju kamu merah muda, I like it”. In this statement,

we can indentify that sentence is Inter-sentential switching form. the

speaker switches her/his language Indonesia to English language in a

different utterance. In here, the speaker show his/her ability in

mastering English language towards listener as well. In conclusion,

inter-sentential code switching used to switch between sentence

8
 boundaries, where one sentence is in one language and the other is in

another .the speaker or addressee in this situation is fluent in using

both language or at least understands what the speaker says.

b. Intra-sentential switching

In intra-sentential code switching, the shift is done in the middle of

a sentence, with no interruptions, hesitations, or pauses to indicate a

shift. In this section, intra-sentential occur within clause level and

within the word level.

Hamers and Blanc (2003) “state that intra-sentential code

switching occurs within the clause boundary, including the word

boundary” (p.260). in a sentence , the speaker adds single word or

phrase in different language. for example, ‘apa arti invitation anak

nak? Angkat tangan jika ada yang tahu’ is an intra-sentential code

switching. The word invitation in example has position as noun in

English grammar.

c. Extra-sentential switching or tag switching

In this part, Extra-sentential switching is switching of either a

single word or a tag phrase (or both) from one language to another. this

type common in intra-sentential switches. It involves the insertion of a

tag from one language into an utterance in other language.

Hamers and Blanc (2003) state that Extra-sentential or tag

switching is a switch where the speaker insert a tag from one language

into utterance which is entirely in another languages. the extra-

9
 sentential switching commonly used from other language of foreign

language which is inserted in a conversation between speaker and

listener.

Referring towards the statement above, Extra–sentential switching

or Tag switching is simply the insertion of tag in one language in the

utterance from conversation which is entirely in the other language.

Usually this case, we find in daily conversation. For instance, ‘By the

way, si mila kok belum dating juga ya’ the word ‘By the way’ is a tag

switching.the tag switching isn’t occur in the beginning in a sentence.

It can be occur in the end of sentence. Another example ‘semuanya

akan baik baik aja. O.K?’. that is other example of tag switching

which occured in the end of the sentence.

B. Previous of the Study

Here will be described some works which are relevant to this research as

follows:

1. the thesis written by Lailatul Maghfiroh. The writer concluded that, Code

switching and Code mixing used in Shirin Al Athur that the writer used

descriptive qualitative research. The research focused on form of code

switching and code mixing, functions, and also the reasons of use it. The

result of the d(Abdely, 2016)ata from this research is the analysis of code

switching has 133 units. Code switching found 26 data used tag switching,

24 data used inter – sentential and 73 data used intra-sentential switching.

10
2. the thesis entitled Types of Code Switching used by Rangga in 99 Cahaya

di Langit Erope Movie. The author used descriptive- qualitative research.

This research foused on types on code switching, such as, inter sentential,

intra sentential and extra sentential or tag switching used theory of Hamers

& Blanc(2003). The result from the research using of inter sentential is

11 (55%), intra sentential around 6 (30%), and extra sentential or tag

switching around 3 (15%) from movie of Cahaya di Langit Eropa.

3. the thesis entitled The Role of Code Switching Phenomena in a Youtube By

Sacha Stevenson by Atria (2018) concluded this research used qualitative

research focused types of code switching, and determine of the social

function or reasons of code switching in the video. the data taken by the

author as follows: the researcher found 34 code switching in the video. It

is 15 intra-sentential, and 5 tag or extra-sentential. The reasons of used

code switching by Sacha Stevenson showed in the video are emotion or

expression, to emphasize messages, and to replace some words that do not

exist in English.

C. Conceptual FrameWork

This research is descriptive research. It will describe about the types of

code switching happened in public figures vlog on youtube channel and also

match the case to reason of use code switching in their conversation. For the

result of the reasons which used in the code switching case.

The Researcher will conduct the data through observation in vlog of

public figures on youtube channel. The researcher makes note-taking of their

11
conversation which is include code switching case. After getting data of code

switching utterances, the researcher will match the utterances with the reason

of use code switching by understanding context of conversation.

12
 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

3.1. Research Design

This research applies descriptive qualitative research design as the method

to analyze the data. According to Ary (2010;424) that the qualitative inquirer

deals with data that are in the form of words or pictures rather than numbers

and statistic. So in this research, the researcher do not use numbers to explain

or describe the phenomenon but the researcher uses description to analyze

phenomenon

3.2. Source of Data

The source of the data is taken from vlog of DEDDY CORBUZIER and

BOY WILIAM in until November until March 2020. the title of the videos

are Agnes mo Menjawab – EXCLUSIVE : Klarifikasi and Cinta Laura Kiehl:

buat cowo yang mau dekatin dia from channel youTube DEDDY

CORBUZIER and also BOY WILIAM’S videos are Maudy Ayunda

Diomongin seniornya ketika OSPEK di STANFORD and Q&A Boy wiliam

& Kren Vendela pertama kalinya.

3.3. The Technique of Collecting the Data

In this case, the researcher uses note-taking technique. The data will BE

collectED by the following steps, such as:

13
 (1) make a transcript of the code switching utterances which is happen in the

video.

(2) identify code switching utterances with types of code switching. (3)

matches the code switching utterances with the reasons by looking the

situation from the video.

3.4. The Technique of The Data Analysis

The data will analysis through qualitative analysis. The activities of

qualitative analysis consisted of the data reduction, data display and

conclusion drawing (Sugiono, 2016). Based on the theory, the researcher will

apply some steps, such as:

1. Data Reduction

In this step, the data is summarized, grouped, and focused on the main

ones research problem. The researcher identifies the research problem and

then classifies the main problem from data to non-data reduce the data

make it easier for researcher to find the required data.

2. Data Display

In this second step, after the data reduced, the researcher makes category

of the code switching case with types of code switching. They are Inter-

sentential switching, Intra-sentential switching and Extra-sentential code

switching or tag switching. After that the utterances of code switching

will match with reasons of using code switching. Those are, Talking

about a particular topic, Quoting somebody else, Showing empathy to

14
 something, Interjections (inserting sentence fillers or sentence connector)

and Repetition used for clarification.

3. Conclusion Drawing

The final step in qualitative data analysis is conclusion drawing.

The Conclusion will be followed by evidence obtained when the research

in this field. So that overall problem regarding code switching utterances

can be answered by data category.

This method aims to present a description systematically, factually,

accurately regarding fact, nature and relationship of phenomena

investigation. This analysis will carry out when researcher are in the field

by describing.

In the research, the researcher has three steps to collect the data. Such as:

1. Watching the video and then summarize the data with note-taking. That

has English speaking in the video.

2. Reduce the English speaking into types of code switching.

3. In this step, the researcher matches the code switching case towards

reasons by looking situation in the video.

15
 REFERENCES

Abdely, N. A. (2016). Types and Fuctions of Code Switching in the English

Language used by Iraqi Doctors in Formal Setting. International Journal
of Advenced Research and Review , 10-18.

Aljourani, D. A. (2018). Code Switching as a Communicative Strategy for the

Bilingual Saudi Speakers at Jouf University. International Journal of
Linguistic, Literature and Translation (IJLLT) , 63 - 72 .

Chacón-Beltrán, R. (2013). AN INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLINGUISTIC .

Manrid: Editorial UNED.

Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational Research . New York : Phoenix color Cap.

Ekalaya, C. D. (2015). An Analysis of Outer Code Switching and Code Mixing in

Indoensia LAWYERS CLUB. Literary Criticism Journal , 49 - 63 .

Hoffman, C. (1991). An Introduction to Bilingualism . New York : Longman .

Hornberger, N. H., & McKay, S. L. (2010). Sociolinguistic and Language

Education . Britain : Short Run Press.

Josiane F. Hamers and Michel H. Blanc . (2003). Bilinguality and Bilingualism.

New York : The Waterfont.

Muin, A. (2011). CODE SWITCHING AS A COMMUNICATION STRATEGY.

Jurnal Adabiyah , 264 - 276.

Nilep, C. (2006). Code Switching in Sociocultural Linguistic. Colorado Research

in Linguistic , Vol 19.

Prabowo, Y. A. (n.d.). The Patternas of Code Switching Among Youtubers . 1 - 8.

Sugiono. (2016). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D . Bandung :

Alfabeta .

16
Abdely, N. A. (2016). Types and Fuctions of Code Switching in the English
Language used by Iraqi Doctors in Formal Setting. International Journal of
Advenced Research and Review , 10-18.

Kujanen, A. M. (2018). Vlogging in Toronto: Learning Fininsh through

Collaborative Encounters. EURO CALL , 214 - 219.

17