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DSA - Unit1 - U-3

Structures syntax

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35 views10 pages

DSA - Unit1 - U-3

Structures syntax

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sundarikarthick24
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Primitive Data Types – floating point

• It stores fractional numbers (real numbers)


• Usually requires 4 bytes of memory
• Format specifier - %f
• Keyword – float
• Example – float factor=22.442e2;
Primitive Data Types – void
• is an incomplete type. i.e. "nothing" or "no type".
• It is used in three kinds of situations
Type Description Example

Function returns as A function with no return void exit (int status);


void value has the return type as
void.
Function arguments functions which do not accept int rand(void);
as void any parameter.
Pointers to void A pointer of type void * void *malloc( size_t size );
represents the address of an
object, but not its type returns a pointer to void which
can be casted to any data type
Derived Data Types
• A derived type is formed by using one or more
basic types in combination.
• Using derived types, an infinite variety of new types can
be formed.
• They are
• arrays
• pointers
Derived Data Types – arrays
• An array is a collection of similar data types under a single variable
name in continuous memory location
• i.e. one or more than one integers can be stored under a single
name
• similarly for other data types too
• Example:
int new[5] = {1,2,3,4,5};
char name = “Program”;
Derived Data Types – pointers
• A pointer is a special variable that stores address of another variable
• Declare a pointer before using it to store any variable address.
• Syntax:
type *ptr-variable-name; //declaration
variable-name = & ptr-variable-name; //assignment
• Example:
int *p;
int num;
p = #
User-defined Data Types (UDT)
• User-defined datatypes use the built-in datatypes and
other user-defined datatypes
• They are also called as data structures
• They are:
✓ Structure
✓ Union
✓ Enumeration
User-defined Data Types - Structure
• It is a package of variables of different types under a single
name.
• Structures are used to represent a record
• The struct statement defines a new data type, with more than
one member.
• Keyword – struct Example:
• Syntax: struct book {
struct variable { int book-id = 234;
member(s); char name[20] = “C – Program”;
}; variable(s); } b1,b2;
User-defined Data Types - Union
• A union is a special data type that allows to store different
data types in the same memory location.
• You can define a union with many members, but only one
member can contain a value at any given time.
• Unions provide an efficient way of using the same memory
location for multiple-purpose.
• The union tag is optional.
User-defined Data Types - Union
 Example:
• Keyword – union union number
 Now, the union variable can store
an integer, a floating-point
• Syntax: { number, or a string of characters.
int roll;  It means a single variable, i.e.,
union variable char option; same memory location, can be
used to store multiple types of
{ float mark; data.
} n1,n2;
member(s);
}; variable(s);
• The memory occupied by a union will be large
enough to hold the largest member of the union
• In the above example, the memory allocated is for
float which is the largest data type
User defined Data Types - Enumeration
• Enumeration is a user defined datatype in C language.
• It is used to assign names to the integral constants which
makes a program easy to read and maintain.
• Keyword – enum
• Syntax:
enum variable {constant1, constant2,…}
• Example –
enum week{Sunday,Monday,Tuesday,Wednesday,…….};
enum week day;

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