The State of the World’s Children 2024

The Future of Childhood

in a Changing World
Statistical Compendium
Accurate data on children’s well-being is a
powerful tool to shape policies and create
a world where every child can thrive.

This Statistical Compendium offers vital

statistics on child survival, development,
and protection worldwide, supporting
UNICEF’s commitment to tracking
progress toward global goals for children’s
and women’s rights.

To access the compendium and download

statistical tables, follow this link or scan
the QR code
below: https://uniceflink.org/sowcdata24

To access the full report, follow this link or

scan the QR code below:
https://uniceflink.org/sowc-2024
 Contents

Acknowledgements 4
General Note on the Data 5
Child Mortality Estimates 7
Under–five deaths | Under–five mortality rate 8

Statistical Tables

Table 1: Demographics 11
Table 2: Child Mortality 17
Table 3: Maternal and Newborn Health 22
Table 4: Child Health 28
Table 5: Adolescent Health 34
Table 6/7: HIV/AIDS 40
Table 8/9: Nutrition 49
Table 10: Early Childhood Development 60
Table 11: Education 66
Table 12: Child Protection 72
Table 13: Social Protection and Equity 79
Table 14: WASH 85
Table 15: Adolescents 91
Table 16: Children with Disabilities 97
Table 17: Women’s Economic Empowerment 104
Table 18: Migration 111
Table 19: Economic Indicators 117

THE STATE OF THE WORLD'S CHILDREN 2024

 Acknowledgements

Division of Data, Analytics, Planning and Monitoring

Vidhya Ganesh, Director

João Pedro Azevedo, Chief Statistician and Deputy Director, Data and Analytics Section

Data and Analytics Section Contributors: Tashrik Ahmed, Garen Avanesian, Jorge Bica, Savvy Brar, Claudia Cappa, Joel Conkle,
Yadigar Coskun, Enrique Delamónica, Ayca Donmez, Lauren Francis, Attila Hancioglu, Karoline Hassfurter, Chika Hayashi, Lucia Hug,
Yves Jaques, Benjamin Johnson, Robert Johnston, Munkhbadar Jugder, Chibwe Lwamba, Tatjana Karaulac, Yoshito Kawakatsu,
Dohyung Kim, Julia Krasevec, Yang Liu, Sakshi Mishra, Vrinda Mehra, Taleen Vartan Nakashian, Colleen Murray Gastón, Maria Muniz,
George Mwinnyaa, Daniele Olivotti, Sebastián Palmas, Lauren Pandolfelli, Nicole Petrowski, Eva Quintana, Anshana Ranck, David
Sharrow, Alberto Pedro Sibileau, Tom Slaymaker, Khaing Soe, Rohini Sampoornam Swaminathan, Turgay Ünalan, Sameen Wajid, Dee
Wang, Danzhen You, Sahar Zandinia

THE STATE OF THE WORLD'S CHILDREN 2024 4

 General note on the data

Data sources

Data presented in the following statistical tables are derived from UNICEF global databases and are accompanied by definitions,
sources and, where necessary, additional footnotes. The indicators data draw on inter-agency estimates and nationally representative
household surveys such as Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) and Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). In addition, data
from administrative sources and other United Nations organizations have been used. More detailed information on data sources is
provided at the end of each table.

The demographic indicators and many of the population- related indicators in these tables were based on the latest population
estimates and projections from World Population Prospects 2024 and World Urbanization Prospects: The 2018 revision , published by
the United Nations Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Data quality is likely to be adversely affected for
countries that have recently suffered disasters or conflicts, especially where basic country infrastructure has been fragmented or
where major population movements have occurred.

UNICEF supports countries in collecting and analysing data for monitoring the situation of children and women through MICS, its
global household survey programme. Since the mid-1990s, as many as 375 surveys have been completed in 117 countries and areas.
MICS is the leading data source for shaping government policies and programmes around the world, and for measuring the 2030
Sustainable Development Goal (SDG). More information is available at <mics.unicef.org>.

Regional and global aggregates

Unless otherwise mentioned, regional and global aggregates for indicators were generated as population- weighted averages using
data from World Population Prospect 2024. They accord with the relevant age and sex groups for each indicator. For example, the
indicator for the total number of live births is based on unweighted population averages and the indicator for females aged 15–49
years with anaemia is based on weighted population averages. Unless otherwise noted, global and regional estimates are only
reported for indicators with population-level data coverage of at least 50 per cent.

Data disaggregation

The COVID-19 crisis has underscored the importance of disaggregated data for understanding the differential health and
socioeconomic effects of the pandemic on women and children, which have exacerbated long- standing structural disparities and
discrimination. Beyond the crisis, high-quality, comparable and timely disaggregated data, as well as data simultaneously
disaggregated along more than one dimension, are essential to identifying priority groups for various types of interventions and to
fulfil the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda mandate to leave no one behind.

Different sources of data, including household surveys, vital registrations and administrative records are utilized to compile and
analyse disaggregated data. While space constraints do not permit the full presentation of these data in the following statistical
tables, efforts have been made to present disaggregated data along key dimensions, including sex, age, residence and wealth status.
Given UNICEF’s core commitment to gender equality and the empowerment of women and girls, the presentation of
sex-disaggregated data, when available, is prioritized in the statistical tables, except when statistically significant differences between
boys and girls are not observed in the majority of countries for a given indicator. In these instances, the sex-disaggregated data are
available online at <data.unicef.org>. For further information about the disaggregation of individual indicators, please refer to the
footnotes below the statistical tables.

THE STATE OF THE WORLD'S CHILDREN 2024 5

 Data comparability

Efforts have been made to maximize the comparability of statistics across countries and time. Nevertheless, data used at the country
level may differ in terms of the methods used to collect data or arrive at estimates, and in terms of the populations covered.
Furthermore, data presented here are subject to evolving methodologies, revisions of time-series data (e.g., immunization and
maternal mortality ratios), and changing regional classifications. Also, data comparable from one year to the next are unavailable for
some indicators. It is therefore not advisable to compare data from consecutive editions of The State of the World’s Children.

Further methodological information

ata presented in the following statistical tables generally reflect information compiled and updated from January through October
2024, with a specific cut-off time associated with individual indicators described in the ‘main data sources’ section underneath each
table. The ‘last updated’ time stamp reflects when the data were compiled and updated as part of country consultation or
inter-agency processes that are specific to individual topics.
Interested readers are encouraged to visit <data.unicef.org> for methodological details of the indicators and statistics.
Data presented in the tables are available online at <https://www.unicef.org/reports/state-of-worlds-children> and via
<data.unicef.org>. Please refer to these websites for the latest data and for any updates or corrigenda subsequent to printing.

THE STATE OF THE WORLD'S CHILDREN 2024 6

 Child mortality estimates

Under-five mortality is used as the principal indicator of progress in child well- being. Here are under-five mortality rates and deaths
by UNICEF region.

UNDER-FIVE MORTALITY RATE (DEATHS PER 1,000 LIVE BIRTHS)

UNICEF Region 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2022

East Asia and Pacific 72 62 57 50 40 29 21 17 15 15

Europe and Central Asia 43 37 31 28 21 16 12 10 8 7
Eastern Europe and Central Asia 65 54 47 45 35 25 18 14 11 11
Western Europe 16 13 10 8 6 5 4 4 4 4
Latin America and the Caribbean 85 68 55 43 33 26 23 18 17 16
Middle East and North Africa 125 87 66 54 43 34 27 24 20 19
North America 15 12 11 9 8 8 7 7 6 6
South Asia 173 151 130 112 94 77 62 49 39 36
Sub-Saharan Africa 202 190 179 170 151 124 101 86 75 71
Eastern and Southern Africa 187 176 163 154 134 106 81 64 54 51
West and Central Africa 217 205 196 187 168 141 120 107 94 89
Least developed countries 213 195 176 158 135 109 88 73 62 59
World 118 104 93 87 76 63 51 43 39 37

UNDER-FIVE DEATHS (THOUSANDS)

UNICEF Region 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2022

East Asia and Pacific 2,579 2,371 2,380 1,702 1,243 875 688 538 402 355
Europe and Central Asia 563 485 394 310 218 160 133 109 83 75
Eastern Europe and Central Asia 466 412 336 269 188 135 110 90 66 59
Western Europe 97 73 58 40 30 26 23 20 17 17
Latin America and the Caribbean 955 796 647 505 380 286 245 194 165 152
Middle East and North Africa 929 725 559 439 339 283 256 254 200 186
North America 56 50 49 40 36 35 32 29 26 25
South Asia 5,705 5,385 4,876 4,303 3,671 3,011 2,369 1,798 1,363 1,243
Sub-Saharan Africa 3,477 3,731 3,925 4,107 4,022 3,680 3,359 3,126 2,939 2,853
Eastern and Southern Africa 1,680 1,818 1,887 1,922 1,821 1,575 1,324 1,128 1,025 990
West and Central Africa 1,796 1,913 2,039 2,185 2,200 2,105 2,035 1,998 1,914 1,863
Least developed countries 3,724 3,781 3,701 3,600 3,339 2,890 2,517 2,237 2,062 2,001
World 14,265 13,545 12,832 11,407 9,910 8,332 7,082 6,050 5,179 4,891

THE STATE OF THE WORLD'S CHILDREN 2024 7

Number of under–five deaths and under–five mortality rate by country in 2022
Table ordered by the unrounded number of under-five deaths in 2022. Lower and upper bound refer to the lower and upper bound of
90 per cent uncertainty intervals.

Under-five mortality rate Under-five mortality rate

(deaths per 1,000 live (deaths per 1,000 live
births) births)
in 2022 in 2022

Annual number of Annual number of

Countries under-five deaths Lower Upper Countries under-five deaths Lower Upper
and areas (thousands) 2022 Median bound bound and areas (thousands) 2022 Median bound bound
Nigeria 835 107 76 153 Liberia 12 73 53 105
India 670 29 26 33 Morocco 11 17 12 25
Pakistan 386 61 47 78 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 11 24 17 35
Democratic Republic of the Congo 302 76 44 127 Uzbekistan 11 13 12 15
Ethiopia 178 46 35 62 Papua New Guinea 10 41 27 63
Niger 131 117 93 148 Syrian Arab Republic 9 21 11 31
Indonesia 95 21 16 28 Colombia 9 12 8 19
United Republic of Tanzania 93 41 33 50 Peru 9 15 12 20
Angola 88 67 28 134 Guatemala 8 22 15 32
Bangladesh 86 29 28 30 Tajikistan 8 30 17 55
Mali 84 94 73 121 Cambodia 8 24 11 50
Afghanistan 82 58 46 74 Congo 7 42 23 78
Sudan 78 52 34 78 Russian Federation 7 5 4 5
China 77 7 6 7 Dominican Republic 7 32 24 44
Somalia 77 106 49 235 Lao People's Democratic Republic 7 40 27 59
Mozambique 77 66 42 105 Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 6 24 16 35
Chad 75 103 70 150 Mauritania 6 39 29 53
Philippines 68 27 21 36 Argentina 6 9 8 11
Uganda 68 41 27 59 Democratic People's Republic of Korea 6 17 13 22
Cameroon 66 70 54 92 Turkmenistan 5 40 26 64
Côte d'Ivoire 64 69 58 83 Thailand 5 8 4 15
Burkina Faso 61 79 52 119 Guinea-Bissau 5 72 41 120
Kenya 60 41 35 48 Lesotho 4 72 50 106
Madagascar 58 66 54 81 Saudi Arabia 4 6 5 9
Egypt 44 18 11 29 Malaysia 4 8 7 9
Guinea 44 96 76 123 Gambia 4 46 35 60
Yemen 41 41 33 51 Kazakhstan 4 10 9 10
South Africa 40 35 32 38 Eritrea 4 37 20 67
Brazil 39 14 12 16 Ecuador 4 12 11 14
Ghana 38 42 31 58 Equatorial Guinea 4 73 40 133
Benin 38 81 63 102 Honduras 3 16 12 22
Zambia 37 56 38 82 Jordan 3 14 10 21
Myanmar 37 40 25 62 Ukraine 3 9 8 9
South Sudan 31 99 32 238 United Kingdom 3 4 4 4
Viet Nam 30 20 18 24 France 3 4 4 4
Iraq 28 24 17 32 Germany 3 4 3 4
Sierra Leone 26 101 80 127 Kyrgyzstan 3 17 16 18
Malawi 26 40 24 67 Namibia 3 38 20 74
Mexico 24 13 11 16 Gabon 2 39 23 66
United States 23 6 6 7 Paraguay 2 17 8 37
Zimbabwe 23 48 31 72 Botswana 2 39 14 113
Central African Republic 22 97 74 126 Azerbaijan 2 18 10 31
Burundi 22 50 30 84 Tunisia 2 11 11 12
Algeria 20 22 19 25 Nicaragua 2 15 13 18
Senegal 20 37 27 51 State of Palestine 2 14 10 20
Nepal 17 27 22 33 Sri Lanka 2 6 5 9
Togo 16 60 44 82 Japan 2 2 2 2
Rwanda 15 38 22 66 Canada 2 5 5 5
Haiti 15 56 39 84 Poland 2 4 4 5
Iran (Islamic Republic of) 15 12 7 22 Timor-Leste 2 49 31 75
Türkiye 12 10 8 11 Lebanon 1 17 16 19

8
 Under-five mortality rate Under-five mortality rate
(deaths per 1,000 live (deaths per 1,000 live
births) births)
in 2022 in 2022

Annual number of Annual number of

Countries under-five deaths Lower Upper Countries under-five deaths Lower Upper
and areas (thousands) 2022 Median bound bound and areas (thousands) 2022 Median bound bound
Chile 1 6 5 8 Cabo Verde 0 12 11 14
Eswatini 1 50 30 84 Norway 0 2 2 2
Romania 1 7 6 7 Bahrain 0 7 5 8
Djibouti 1 52 28 94 Finland 0 2 2 3
Libya 1 10 6 18 Samoa 0 16 11 24
El Salvador 1 12 7 21 Lithuania 0 4 3 4
Comoros 1 48 35 67 North Macedonia 0 5 4 5
Australia 1 4 4 4 Sao Tome and Principe 0 14 8 26
Spain 1 3 3 3 Singapore 0 2 2 2
Italy 1 3 3 3 Belize 0 11 10 12
Panama 1 13 12 14 Brunei Darussalam 0 10 9 11
Mongolia 1 13 13 14 Bahamas 0 13 11 16
Oman 1 11 9 12 Micronesia (Federated States of) 0 24 11 53
Cuba 1 8 7 10 Latvia 0 3 3 4
Republic of Korea 1 3 3 3 Cyprus 0 4 3 5
Netherlands (Kingdom of the) 1 4 4 4 Slovenia 0 2 2 3
Jamaica 1 19 17 21 Maldives 0 6 5 7
Israel 1 3 3 4 Saint Lucia 0 17 15 20
Republic of Moldova 1 14 11 19 Barbados 0 11 7 17
Fiji 1 28 25 32 Grenada 0 16 13 20
United Arab Emirates 1 5 5 6 Dominica 0 32 31 34
Costa Rica 0 8 7 8 Malta 0 6 5 7
Georgia 0 9 8 11 Tonga 0 11 6 20
Belgium 0 4 3 4 Estonia 0 2 1 2
Guyana 0 27 15 46 Seychelles 0 15 12 18
Solomon Islands 0 18 11 30 Marshall Islands 0 29 16 50
Kuwait 0 9 7 10 Montenegro 0 3 2 3
Hungary 0 4 4 4 Luxembourg 0 3 2 3
Bulgaria 0 6 6 7 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 0 11 9 14
Switzerland 0 4 4 4 Iceland 0 3 2 3
Armenia 0 10 8 13 Antigua and Barbuda 0 10 7 13
Serbia 0 5 5 5 Nauru 0 26 13 51
Slovakia 0 6 6 6 Saint Kitts and Nevis 0 15 10 24
Greece 0 4 4 4 Palau 0 22 12 37
New Zealand 0 5 4 5 Tuvalu 0 20 11 36
Sweden 0 2 2 3 Turks and Caicos Islands 0 6 2 17
Albania 0 9 9 10 British Virgin Islands 0 13 7 24
Czechia 0 3 2 3 Andorra 0 3 1 11
Trinidad and Tobago 0 15 6 39 Cook Islands 0 7 4 13
Austria 0 3 3 3 Anguilla 0 6 3 12
Portugal 0 3 3 3 Monaco 0 3 2 5
Uruguay 0 7 6 7 Niue 0 25 11 58
Belarus 0 3 2 3 San Marino 0 1 1 3
Bhutan 0 24 13 43 Montserrat 0 7 2 18
Denmark 0 4 3 4
Mauritius 0 15 12 18
Kiribati 0 56 37 87
Suriname 0 17 10 27
Ireland 0 3 3 4
Vanuatu 0 18 12 28
Bosnia and Herzegovina 0 6 5 7
Croatia 0 5 4 5
Qatar 0 5 5 6

9
Cyprus: Some UN IGME indicators are calculated using on births and deaths starting from 2022 and on the number of
population and live birth numbers from the World Population population starting from data as of January 1, 2023, onwards.
Prospects: The 2022 revision (WPP). WPP numbers for Cyprus Consequently, no data is available for 2022.
refer to the whole country. However, the underlying data sent
by the Health Monitoring Unit of the Cyprus Ministry of Health Uzbekistan: The most recent official national estimates of
capture only the government-controlled area, whereas neonatal, infant and under-five mortality rates in Uzbekistan are
according to Eurostat, the number of live births in 2022 was from the vital registration system, with a rate of 4.5, 8.7 and
10,150 11.4 deaths per 1,000 live births for both sexes, respectively, in
(https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tps00204/), 2022. The most recent official sex-specific estimates from the
the population on 1 January 2022 was 904,705 vital registration system for infant and under-five mortality for
(https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tps00001/), males are 9.6 and 12.4 deaths per 1,000 live births and 7.7 and
the population under 5 was 48,311, adolescent population was 10.2 deaths per 1,000 live births for females, respectively, in
95,467 and the number of women of reproductive age was 2022.
231,287 (https://doi.org/10.2908/DEMO_PJAN).

India: The UN IGME estimates are not the official statistics of

India. The Sample Registration System (SRS) of ORGI is the
official data source of India for all mortality estimates. The most
recent national official estimates of the mortality rates were 4.7
for the age group 1–4, 2.6 for age group 5–9 and 10–14, 3.9 for
age group 15–19 and 5.6 for age group 20–24 based on SRS
Abridged Life Table, 2016–2020.

Kosovo: All references to Kosovo in the UN IGME estimates

should be understood in the context of United Nations Security
Council resolution 1244 (1999).

Nicaragua: The UN IGME estimates are not the official statistics

of Nicaragua. The most recent national official estimates of
neonatal, infant and under-five mortality rates available to the
UN IGME come from the vital registration system for 2022, with
a rate of 8.1, 11.7 and 13.3 deaths per 1,000 live births,
respectively. Following a request from the Government of
Nicaragua and per the objectives of the UN IGME, the UN IGME
will continue to assess all data sources in the country relevant
to child mortality estimation.

Qatar: The most recent official national estimates of neonatal,

infant and under-five mortality rates in Qatar are from the vital
registration system, with a rate of 3.6, 5.0 and 6.4 deaths per
1,000 live births for both sexes, respectively, in 2021.

Ukraine: The State Statistics Service of Ukraine (SSSU) have

suspended the compilation of impartial statistical information

10
 Notes on specific tables

TABLE 1. DEMOGRAPHICS

The demographics table contains selected indicators on some of the most important demographic information of each population,
including the total population and the total population broken down by age, as well as annual population growth rates. The annual
number of births is a function of both population size and current fertility. The total fertility rate allows for the comparison of fertility
levels internationally. A total fertility level of 1.1 is called ‘replacement level’ and represents a level at which, over the long term, the
population would remain the same size. Life expectancy at birth is a measure of the health status and the development of a
population and continues to increase in almost all countries. The dependency ratio is the ratio of the not-working-age population (i.e.,
the economically ‘dependent’ population) to the working-age population (aged 15–64 years years). This can be divided into a child
dependency ratio (ratio of children under 15 years of age to working-age population) and an old-age dependency ratio (ratio of
population 65 years and older to working-age population). The total dependency ratio is usually U-shaped over time, reflecting a
changing age structure as a result of the demographic transition. This can be understood as the combination of opposing trends in
child and old-age dependency ratios. For example, decreasing fertility leads to a decreasing share of children in the population and
therefore to a decrease in the child dependency ratio. Increasing life expectancy (as a consequence of decreasing mortality) will lead
to a larger share of older people and therefore to an increase in the old-age dependency ratio.

The proportion of the urban population and the annual urban population growth rate describe the status and dynamics of the
urbanization process. The net migration rate refers to the difference between the number of immigrants and the number of
emigrants; a country/area with more immigrants than emigrants shows a positive value, while a country with fewer immigrants than
emigrants shows a negative value. All demographic indicators are based on World Population Prospects 2024. Urban population
indicators are based on World Urbanization Prospects: The 2018 revision.

Regional aggregates are based on all countries and areas associated with the respective region, even if they are not included in the
202 reporting countries. Thus, the reported global population under 18 years of age, for example, is larger than the sum of the
presented country values.

THE STATE OF THE WORLD'S CHILDREN 2024 11

TABLE 1. DEMOGRAPHICS
Dependency ratio (%)
2023 Annual growth rate
Population (thousands) Annual population Life expectancy at birth
Annual of urban Net migration
2023 growth rate (%) Total fertility (years) Share of
number of population (%) rate (per
(live births urban
births 1,000
per woman) population (%)
(thousands) Total Child Old age population)
2023 2023
2023 dependency dependency dependency 2023
Countries Total Under 18 Under 5 2000 2023 (A) 1970 2000 2023
ratio ratio ratio 2000– 2020–
and areas 2020 2030 (A)

Afghanistan 41,455 20,783 6,656 -1.2 2.8 1,469 4.8 37 55 66 84 79 4 27 4.1 3.5 -1.2
Albania 2,812 579 145 -0.7 -0.7 29 1.3 65 75 80 50 26 24 65 1.4 0.8 -9.0
Algeria 46,164 16,342 4,753 1.4 1.4 906 2.8 43 71 76 59 49 10 75 2.6 1.8 -0.6
Andorra 81 12 2 -0.2 1.4 1 1.1 74 82 84 38 17 21 88 0.5 0.4 13.1
Angola 36,750 18,792 6,219 3.3 3.1 1,381 5.1 40 47 65 90 85 5 69 4.8 3.4 -0.0
Anguilla 14 3 1 3.1 1.6 0 1.4 65 75 79 41 24 17 100 1.6 0.3 13.9
Antigua and
Barbuda 93 21 5 1.7 0.5 1 1.6 69 75 78 42 26 16 24 -0.3 0.6 0.0

Argentina 45,538 12,232 2,751 1.1 0.3 504 1.5 66 74 77 52 34 19 92 1.1 0.6 0.1
Armenia 2,943 687 177 -1.3 2.8 35 1.7 63 71 76 49 29 20 64 -0.7 0.2 25.5
Australia 26,451 5,739 1,526 1.2 1.0 304 1.6 71 80 84 55 28 27 87 1.5 1.0 5.3
Austria 9,130 1,567 426 0.2 -0.1 77 1.3 70 78 82 53 22 31 60 0.4 0.6 0.5
Azerbaijan 10,318 2,761 675 1.0 -0.3 125 1.7 57 65 74 44 32 12 58 1.5 1.0 -8.2
Bahamas 399 90 22 1.3 0.5 4 1.4 66 72 75 43 26 16 84 1.1 0.7 2.5
Bahrain 1,570 349 95 2.2 2.3 20 1.8 64 75 81 29 25 5 90 3.5 0.7 12.7
Bangladesh 171,467 58,955 16,505 1.8 1.2 3,490 2.2 43 62 75 53 43 10 40 3.5 2.5 -3.2
Barbados 282 60 16 -0.4 0.0 3 1.7 69 75 76 51 26 24 31 -0.1 0.5 -0.3
Belarus 9,116 1,812 399 -0.5 -0.7 65 1.2 72 68 74 51 25 26 81 0.3 0.0 -0.3
Belgium 11,713 2,315 583 0.2 0.3 102 1.4 71 78 82 57 26 32 98 0.6 0.3 3.6
Belize 411 134 36 3.2 1.5 7 2.0 63 69 74 47 40 7 47 2.4 1.7 1.4
Benin 14,111 6,832 2,176 3.1 2.5 478 4.6 43 57 61 82 76 6 50 3.9 3.4 -0.0
Bhutan 786 209 48 2.4 0.7 10 1.5 41 62 73 39 30 9 44 3.7 1.8 0.4
Bolivia
(Plurinational 12,244 4,401 1,251 1.7 1.4 260 2.5 47 62 69 56 47 9 71 2.2 1.7 -0.2
State of)
Bosnia and 3,185 519 130 0.5 -0.6 25 1.5 65 75 78 54 20 33 50 -0.4 0.2 -0.2
Herzegovina
Botswana 2,480 948 294 2.1 1.6 61 2.7 56 52 69 57 51 6 73 3.2 2.1 -2.6
Brazil 211,141 51,044 13,361 1.3 0.4 2,602 1.6 57 70 76 44 29 15 88 1.2 0.7 -1.1
British Virgin 39 7 2 2.6 1.8 0 1.0 66 75 77 32 20 12 50 2.8 1.4 15.1
Islands
Brunei 459 115 31 2.1 0.8 6 1.7 64 74 75 38 29 9 79 1.8 1.0 0.0
Darussalam
Bulgaria 6,796 1,191 308 -0.9 -0.5 63 1.7 71 72 76 57 23 34 77 -0.3 -0.6 0.8
Burkina Faso 23,026 11,385 3,351 3.0 2.3 729 4.2 40 51 61 82 77 5 33 5.4 4.0 -1.1
Burundi 13,689 7,183 2,167 2.1 2.7 461 4.9 43 48 64 92 87 5 15 5.6 4.6 0.1
Cabo Verde 522 167 39 1.5 0.5 6 1.5 57 68 76 49 39 10 68 2.2 1.4 -2.3
Cambodia 17,424 6,239 1,816 1.6 1.3 362 2.6 39 59 71 56 47 9 26 2.7 2.5 -1.8
Cameroon 28,373 13,740 4,393 2.6 2.6 957 4.3 48 53 64 80 75 5 59 3.8 3.1 -0.2
Canada 39,299 7,293 1,879 1.0 1.2 357 1.3 73 79 83 53 23 30 82 1.1 0.9 11.0
Central African 5,152 2,928 941 2.8 3.4 239 6.0 45 47 57 105 101 4 44 2.2 3.7 -2.8
Republic
Chad 19,319 10,344 3,547 3.3 5.7 819 6.1 41 48 55 95 91 4 24 3.7 4.0 25.7
Chile 19,659 4,138 980 1.2 0.6 176 1.2 63 77 81 45 25 20 88 1.2 0.4 3.2
China 1,422,585 285,793 58,042 0.8 -0.2 8,900 1.0 57 72 78 45 24 21 65 3.1 1.2 -0.4
Colombia 52,321 13,147 3,553 1.6 1.1 705 1.6 61 71 78 43 29 13 82 1.7 0.9 3.0
Comoros 850 371 114 2.0 1.9 24 3.9 45 59 67 72 64 8 30 2.2 2.5 -2.4
Congo 6,183 2,932 886 5.0 2.4 189 4.2 54 55 66 78 73 5 69 3.5 2.6 -0.2
Cook Islands 14 4 1 -4.0 -3.6 0 2.0 64 70 75 61 40 21 76 1.0 0.4 -39.2
Costa Rica 5,106 1,203 284 1.9 0.5 52 1.3 67 77 81 45 28 17 83 2.7 1.1 0.2
Côte d'Ivoire 31,166 14,913 4,594 2.7 2.5 997 4.3 44 51 62 78 74 5 53 3.1 3.1 0.2
Croatia 3,896 674 169 -1.4 -0.3 31 1.5 69 74 79 59 22 36 59 -0.1 0.0 2.6
Cuba 11,020 2,053 504 0.3 -0.4 96 1.4 68 76 78 46 23 24 78 0.2 -0.1 -2.1
Cyprus 1,345 255 74 1.7 1.0 15 1.4 68 78 82 44 23 21 67 1.1 0.7 6.5
Czechia 10,810 2,043 547 -0.1 -0.3 92 1.4 69 75 80 57 25 32 75 0.1 0.2 -1.4
Democratic
People's
Republic of 26,418 6,000 1,711 0.7 0.3 342 1.8 62 61 74 45 28 17 63 0.7 0.7 -0.1
Korea
Democratic
Republic of the 105,790 55,607 19,276 3.2 3.3 4,370 6.1 43 52 62 97 91 6 47 4.3 4.0 -0.1
Congo
Denmark 5,948 1,153 309 0.4 0.5 58 1.5 73 77 82 57 25 32 88 0.6 0.6 5.2
Djibouti 1,153 410 115 3.0 1.4 24 2.6 48 57 66 52 45 7 79 1.9 1.4 0.4
Dominica 67 15 4 -0.6 -0.5 1 1.5 66 72 71 45 26 18 72 0.7 0.8 -3.0
Dominican 11,331 3,631 1,004 1.6 0.9 203 2.2 58 70 74 53 41 12 84 2.6 1.3 -3.1
Republic
Ecuador 17,980 5,442 1,404 1.7 0.9 270 1.8 59 72 77 49 37 12 65 1.9 1.3 -1.2
Egypt 114,536 43,583 11,781 2.1 1.8 2,406 2.8 49 67 72 60 52 8 43 1.9 1.8 2.7
El Salvador 6,310 1,928 496 0.5 0.5 99 1.8 51 68 72 50 38 12 75 1.3 1.1 -3.7
Equatorial 1,848 801 252 6.5 2.4 55 4.1 31 53 64 70 64 6 74 5.9 2.5 2.2
Guinea

12
TABLE 1. DEMOGRAPHICS

Dependency ratio (%)

2023 Annual growth rate
Population (thousands) Annual population Life expectancy at birth
Annual of urban Net migration
2023 growth rate (%) Total fertility (years) Share of
number of population (%) rate (per
(live births urban
births 1,000
per woman) population (%)
(thousands) Total Child Old age population)
2023 2023
2023 dependency dependency dependency 2023
Countries Total Under 18 Under 5 2000 2023 (A) 1970 2000 2023
ratio ratio ratio 2000– 2020–
and areas 2020 2030 (A)

Eritrea 3,470 1,599 461 1.2 1.8 99 3.7 41 56 69 75 68 7 43 4.0 3.0 -4.4
Estonia 1,367 264 67 -0.6 0.0 11 1.4 70 71 79 58 25 33 70 -0.2 0.0 4.2
Eswatini 1,231 493 142 1.0 0.9 30 2.8 51 48 64 61 54 7 25 0.9 1.8 -6.9
Ethiopia 128,692 59,470 19,067 3.0 2.6 4,106 4.0 42 51 67 74 69 6 23 4.5 4.1 -0.1
Fiji 924 303 83 1.0 0.5 17 2.3 62 66 67 51 41 10 59 1.3 1.3 -3.6
Finland 5,601 1,025 237 0.2 0.4 44 1.3 70 78 82 63 24 38 86 0.5 0.2 6.8
France 66,439 13,625 3,397 0.7 0.2 639 1.6 72 79 83 63 27 35 82 0.8 0.4 1.4
Gabon 2,485 1,052 331 2.6 2.2 69 3.6 53 62 68 69 62 7 91 3.4 2.0 0.4
Gambia 2,698 1,282 384 2.7 2.3 82 4.0 40 57 66 78 72 5 64 4.1 3.0 -1.1
Georgia 3,807 939 242 -3.0 0.0 44 1.8 65 70 74 57 33 24 61 -0.0 0.4 0.5
Germany 84,548 14,059 3,909 0.1 0.3 719 1.4 71 78 81 58 22 36 78 0.3 0.1 7.2
Ghana 33,788 14,334 4,226 2.6 1.9 889 3.4 48 58 65 66 60 6 59 3.6 2.6 -0.3
Greece 10,243 1,711 398 0.5 -2.1 74 1.3 73 78 82 59 22 37 81 0.2 -0.1 -15.6
Grenada 117 28 7 0.7 0.1 1 1.5 67 73 75 46 29 17 37 0.8 1.0 -1.6
Guatemala 18,125 6,961 1,879 2.3 1.5 377 2.3 49 67 73 58 51 8 53 2.5 2.1 -0.5
Guinea 14,405 6,905 2,195 1.8 2.4 488 4.2 39 52 61 81 75 6 38 3.0 3.1 -0.3
Guinea-Bissau 2,153 990 297 2.1 2.2 65 3.8 37 51 64 74 68 5 45 3.3 2.7 -0.7
Guyana 826 286 83 0.0 0.6 17 2.4 60 64 70 56 46 10 27 -0.1 1.1 -7.5
Haiti 11,637 4,376 1,236 1.9 1.2 258 2.7 47 58 65 57 49 7 60 3.7 2.2 -2.7
Holy See 0 0 0 -1.2 -1.8 0 1.0 71 79 83 103 12 91 - - - 0.0
Honduras 10,645 3,937 1,138 2.7 1.7 234 2.5 54 68 73 55 48 7 60 3.2 2.2 -0.5
Hungary 9,686 1,706 462 -0.2 0.1 85 1.5 69 72 77 55 22 32 73 0.3 0.3 5.1
Iceland 388 85 23 1.5 1.6 4 1.5 74 80 83 50 27 23 94 1.3 0.6 11.9
India 1,438,070 436,637 114,665 1.9 0.9 23,219 2.0 49 63 72 47 37 10 36 2.4 2.0 -0.7
Indonesia 281,190 84,199 22,349 1.4 0.8 4,482 2.1 53 66 71 47 37 10 59 2.6 1.6 -0.1
Iran (Islamic 90,609 24,508 6,201 1.6 1.1 1,173 1.7 50 70 78 44 33 11 77 2.2 1.1 2.9
Republic of)
Iraq 45,074 19,588 5,560 3.3 2.1 1,160 3.2 61 65 72 68 62 6 72 2.8 2.3 -0.1
Ireland 5,197 1,200 293 1.4 1.2 53 1.6 71 77 82 53 29 24 64 1.6 1.0 8.4
Israel 9,256 3,001 875 2.6 1.4 172 2.8 71 79 82 67 46 21 93 1.8 1.4 1.1
Italy 59,499 8,955 2,069 0.1 -0.2 385 1.2 72 80 84 57 19 38 72 0.5 0.1 2.5
Jamaica 2,840 678 166 0.7 0.0 33 1.4 67 71 71 37 26 11 57 0.8 0.6 -3.5
Japan 124,371 17,858 4,142 0.2 -0.5 750 1.2 72 81 85 70 20 50 92 0.7 -0.4 1.4
Jordan 11,439 4,257 1,163 2.0 1.6 236 2.6 60 72 78 55 48 7 92 4.4 1.0 -1.5
Kazakhstan 20,330 6,967 2,126 0.5 1.3 409 3.0 60 64 74 61 48 13 58 1.2 1.3 -0.2
Kenya 55,339 24,637 7,037 3.0 2.0 1,500 3.2 54 56 64 68 63 5 30 4.1 3.4 -0.2
Kiribati 133 54 16 1.7 1.5 3 3.1 54 65 66 64 57 7 58 2.9 2.5 -3.7
Kuwait 4,839 1,072 266 2.8 1.9 49 1.5 68 76 80 27 24 4 100 3.9 0.4 10.3
Kyrgyzstan 7,074 2,674 788 1.0 1.6 151 2.8 58 65 72 62 53 9 38 1.5 2.3 0.8
Lao People's
Democratic 7,665 2,787 796 1.7 1.4 163 2.4 44 58 69 54 47 7 38 3.8 2.7 -1.3
Republic
Latvia 1,882 358 87 -1.2 -0.3 14 1.3 70 70 76 59 25 34 69 -1.1 -0.8 4.2
Lebanon 5,773 1,858 452 1.7 0.4 93 2.2 66 74 78 58 42 15 89 1.4 -1.5 -5.9
Lesotho 2,311 952 266 -0.1 1.1 56 2.7 52 49 57 63 57 6 30 2.5 2.4 -2.2
Liberia 5,493 2,585 773 2.8 2.2 170 3.9 40 52 62 76 71 6 54 3.5 2.8 -0.9
Libya 7,306 2,451 644 1.8 1.0 124 2.4 56 71 69 49 42 7 82 1.5 1.3 -0.3
Liechtenstein 40 7 2 1.1 0.7 0 1.5 73 79 84 53 22 31 15 0.5 1.2 5.4
Lithuania 2,854 507 128 -0.6 0.9 21 1.2 71 72 76 53 23 30 69 -1.1 -0.5 15.7
Luxembourg 665 126 34 1.4 1.2 7 1.4 69 77 82 45 23 22 92 2.2 1.1 8.9
Madagascar 31,196 14,392 4,588 3.1 2.5 1,001 4.0 48 58 64 75 69 6 41 4.3 3.6 -0.0
Malawi 21,104 10,270 3,080 2.4 2.6 662 3.6 37 46 67 78 74 5 18 3.4 3.9 -0.3
Malaysia 35,126 9,480 2,271 2.4 1.2 436 1.6 63 73 77 42 32 11 79 2.8 1.4 5.2
Maldives 526 125 31 1.7 0.3 6 1.6 45 71 81 32 27 6 42 4.7 0.9 -5.5
Mali 23,769 12,717 4,158 3.0 3.0 951 5.6 33 51 60 96 91 5 46 5.1 4.1 -1.7
Malta 533 83 22 0.7 1.3 4 1.1 70 78 83 49 20 30 95 1.3 0.5 12.4
Marshall Islands 39 16 4 0.9 -3.3 1 2.9 59 63 67 64 57 7 79 -0.5 0.6 -47.2
Mauritania 5,022 2,499 800 2.8 3.0 173 4.7 51 61 68 86 80 6 58 4.2 3.5 0.6
Mauritius 1,274 244 61 0.8 -0.2 12 1.2 64 72 75 39 21 18 41 0.1 0.3 -2.2
Mexico 129,740 39,020 10,309 1.5 0.9 2,038 1.9 59 73 75 49 37 12 82 1.6 0.9 -0.8
Micronesia
(Federated 113 43 12 0.4 0.5 3 2.7 60 64 67 61 52 9 23 0.1 1.6 -10.1
States of)
Monaco 39 6 2 -0.0 -0.9 0 2.1 73 82 86 98 26 72 100 0.6 -0.3 2.3
Mongolia 3,432 1,281 353 0.9 1.3 65 2.7 52 63 72 60 52 8 69 2.3 1.4 0.0
Montenegro 634 140 37 -0.0 1.9 7 1.8 70 74 77 56 29 27 69 0.6 0.3 18.9
Montserrat 4 1 0 -12.6 -0.7 0 1.4 65 73 76 56 26 30 9 6.4 0.3 -2.7
Morocco 37,713 11,739 3,180 1.4 1.0 630 2.2 49 67 75 51 39 12 65 2.0 1.5 -1.1

13
TABLE 1. DEMOGRAPHICS

Dependency ratio (%)

2023 Annual growth rate
Population (thousands) Annual population Life expectancy at birth
Annual of urban Net migration
2023 growth rate (%) Total fertility (years) Share of
number of population (%) rate (per
(live births urban
births 1,000
per woman) population (%)
(thousands) Total Child Old age population)
2023 2023
2023 dependency dependency dependency 2023
Countries Total Under 18 Under 5 2000 2023 (A) 1970 2000 2023
ratio ratio ratio 2000– 2020–
and areas 2020 2030 (A)

Mozambique 33,635 17,304 5,669 2.2 2.9 1,261 4.8 42 49 64 91 85 5 39 3.8 3.8 -1.1
Myanmar 54,134 15,911 4,432 1.1 0.7 904 2.1 50 60 67 46 36 10 32 1.4 1.6 -0.6
Namibia 2,963 1,275 409 2.3 2.4 77 3.2 55 53 67 69 63 6 55 3.8 2.8 3.9
Nauru 12 5 1 -0.3 0.5 0 3.3 58 60 62 69 65 5 100 0.8 0.7 -12.5
Nepal 29,695 10,317 2,792 1.7 -0.1 574 2.0 43 63 70 54 44 10 22 2.9 3.0 -13.8
Netherlands
(Kingdom of the) 18,093 3,340 890 0.8 0.8 168 1.4 74 78 82 55 23 31 93 1.3 0.5 8.0

New Zealand 5,173 1,148 298 0.6 0.8 59 1.7 71 79 82 54 28 26 87 1.3 0.9 4.1
Nicaragua 6,824 2,385 657 1.3 1.4 132 2.2 54 66 75 53 45 8 60 1.6 1.7 -1.2
Niger 26,160 14,129 4,667 3.5 3.3 1,096 6.1 36 49 61 98 93 5 17 3.6 4.4 0.0
Nigeria 227,883 110,236 33,527 2.7 2.1 7,510 4.5 40 47 54 80 75 5 54 4.4 3.3 -0.3
Niue 2 1 0 -3.2 -0.3 0 2.5 64 67 70 65 38 26 48 1.3 1.2 0.0
North
Macedonia 1,832 374 95 0.4 -0.5 17 1.5 65 73 77 53 26 27 59 0.2 0.5 -3.1

Norway 5,519 1,110 277 0.6 1.1 52 1.4 74 79 83 54 25 29 84 1.3 0.9 9.7
Oman 5,049 1,448 428 1.3 4.6 85 2.5 47 74 80 39 35 4 88 4.0 1.6 31.0
Pakistan 247,504 107,662 31,789 2.9 1.5 6,882 3.6 53 62 68 70 63 7 38 2.4 2.5 -6.5
Palau 18 4 1 1.0 -0.2 0 1.9 58 64 69 42 26 15 82 0.2 0.4 -1.1
Panama 4,459 1,346 360 2.0 1.3 71 2.1 64 73 80 52 38 14 70 2.2 1.6 1.6
Papua New 10,390 4,140 1,229 3.4 1.8 255 3.1 52 62 66 59 54 5 14 2.8 2.8 -0.1
Guinea
Paraguay 6,844 2,322 679 1.8 1.2 137 2.4 63 70 74 54 44 10 63 1.8 1.5 -1.8
Peru 33,846 9,987 2,692 1.5 1.1 540 2.0 48 70 78 50 37 13 79 1.4 1.1 0.7
Philippines 114,891 39,653 9,602 2.3 0.8 1,840 1.9 61 68 70 51 43 8 48 1.9 2.0 -1.4
Poland 38,763 7,063 1,772 -0.0 -0.3 318 1.3 70 74 79 53 23 30 60 -0.1 0.3 -0.2
Portugal 10,431 1,653 426 0.7 -0.0 87 1.5 67 77 82 59 20 38 68 0.9 0.5 2.8
Qatar 2,979 521 155 5.1 2.2 30 1.7 65 75 82 20 18 2 99 7.1 0.3 13.4
Republic of 51,749 7,043 1,358 0.6 -0.0 236 0.7 62 76 84 41 16 26 81 0.6 -0.0 1.7
Korea
Republic of 3,067 726 179 -1.0 -0.9 33 1.7 62 67 71 55 31 24 43 -1.7 0.8 -6.1
Moldova
Romania 19,118 3,692 953 -0.5 -0.5 184 1.7 68 71 76 55 25 31 55 -0.5 0.2 -1.5
Russian 145,441 30,181 7,205 -0.3 -0.3 1,297 1.4 69 65 73 52 27 25 75 0.1 0.0 0.2
Federation
Rwanda 13,954 6,228 1,878 0.8 2.2 396 3.7 47 48 68 71 65 7 18 3.0 3.1 -0.6
Saint Kitts and 47 10 3 1.5 0.2 1 1.5 61 69 72 41 26 15 31 -0.1 0.6 0.0
Nevis
Saint Lucia 179 39 10 1.1 0.3 2 1.4 64 71 73 37 25 13 19 -1.3 0.9 0.0
Saint Vincent
and the 101 26 6 0.1 -0.7 1 1.8 64 70 71 50 32 17 54 0.4 0.7 -7.7
Grenadines
Samoa 217 97 28 0.8 0.6 6 3.8 60 71 72 80 70 10 18 -0.2 1.0 -13.0
San Marino 34 5 1 1.3 -0.7 0 1.1 74 81 86 52 19 33 98 1.3 -0.1 -5.6
Sao Tome and 231 105 31 1.1 2.0 7 3.6 56 61 70 73 66 7 76 3.6 2.4 -2.6
Principe
Saudi Arabia 33,264 9,457 2,613 5.3 2.4 546 2.3 53 73 79 37 33 4 85 2.7 1.3 9.8
Senegal 18,078 8,218 2,452 2.4 2.3 532 3.8 41 58 69 73 67 6 50 3.4 3.2 -0.6
Serbia 6,773 1,174 315 -0.6 -0.4 60 1.5 70 72 77 58 23 35 57 -0.0 -0.2 0.6
Seychelles 128 31 9 1.6 2.0 2 2.1 64 71 73 40 28 12 59 1.9 1.1 14.1
Sierra Leone 8,461 3,827 1,164 4.4 2.2 259 3.8 39 45 62 72 66 6 44 3.7 2.8 -0.5
Singapore 5,789 883 229 2.2 0.8 47 0.9 68 78 84 33 16 17 100 1.8 0.5 4.7
Slovakia 5,518 1,044 283 0.0 0.1 52 1.6 70 73 78 51 24 27 54 -0.1 0.5 0.9
Slovenia 2,118 379 96 0.1 0.1 18 1.6 69 76 82 57 23 33 56 0.7 0.5 2.5
Solomon Islands 800 349 104 2.0 2.4 22 3.6 56 67 71 69 63 6 26 4.4 3.5 2.0
Somalia 18,359 9,807 3,412 4.1 3.6 789 6.1 46 51 59 97 92 5 48 4.6 3.8 2.5
South Africa 63,212 19,712 5,888 0.8 1.3 1,187 2.2 56 58 66 48 39 10 69 1.9 1.5 3.6
South Sudan 11,483 5,471 1,484 4.5 5.9 328 3.9 26 48 58 75 70 5 21 3.6 3.2 39.6
Spain 47,912 7,882 1,763 0.5 0.0 337 1.2 72 79 84 51 20 31 82 1.0 0.2 2.5
Sri Lanka 22,972 6,227 1,635 1.8 0.6 324 2.0 64 71 77 52 34 18 19 0.8 1.3 -1.2
State of 5,409 2,416 720 3.1 1.5 146 3.3 55 70 65 73 66 7 78 2.5 2.4 -4.6
Palestine
Sudan 50,043 23,670 7,646 2.5 0.0 1,682 4.3 52 59 66 78 72 6 36 2.9 3.3 -27.0
Suriname 629 196 53 2.1 0.9 11 2.2 59 64 74 51 39 11 66 1.1 1.0 -1.6
Sweden 10,551 2,190 566 0.2 0.6 98 1.4 75 80 83 61 28 33 89 1.0 0.8 5.2
Switzerland 8,871 1,590 434 0.5 0.6 84 1.4 73 80 84 53 23 30 74 0.9 0.7 5.1
Syrian Arab
Republic 23,595 8,875 2,273 2.5 4.9 522 2.7 61 71 72 54 47 7 57 1.5 4.3 32.1

Tajikistan 10,390 4,346 1,334 2.0 2.0 271 3.1 57 64 72 67 61 6 28 2.2 2.7 -1.9
Thailand 71,702 13,383 3,102 1.1 -0.0 591 1.2 56 71 76 42 21 21 54 2.9 1.2 0.3
Timor-Leste 1,384 569 157 8.3 1.1 31 2.7 37 58 68 65 57 9 32 3.1 2.3 -4.1
Togo 9,304 4,318 1,342 2.7 2.3 290 4.2 47 55 63 76 70 6 44 3.7 3.2 -0.2

14
TABLE 1. DEMOGRAPHICS

Dependency ratio (%)

2023 Annual growth rate
Population (thousands) Annual population Life expectancy at birth
Annual of urban Net migration
2023 growth rate (%) Total fertility (years) Share of
number of population (%) rate (per
(live births urban
births 1,000
per woman) population (%)
(thousands) Total Child Old age population)
2023 2023
2023 dependency dependency dependency 2023
Countries Total Under 18 Under 5 2000 2023 (A) 1970 2000 2023
ratio ratio ratio 2000– 2020–
and areas 2020 2030 (A)

Tokelau 2 1 0 1.2 4.6 0 2.6 62 72 77 53 41 12 0 - - 30.4

Tonga 105 44 12 0.6 -0.4 2 3.1 63 70 73 73 62 11 23 0.1 1.0 -20.8
Trinidad and
Tobago 1,503 328 84 0.4 0.4 16 1.5 65 69 73 43 26 17 53 0.4 0.4 1.4

Tunisia 12,200 3,509 902 1.1 0.7 168 1.8 54 73 77 51 37 14 71 1.4 1.1 -1.1
Türkiye 87,271 22,843 5,746 1.3 0.2 1,072 1.6 57 72 77 47 32 15 77 2.1 1.0 -3.6
Turkmenistan 7,364 2,655 804 2.0 1.8 160 2.7 56 65 70 56 49 7 54 2.1 2.0 2.0
Turks and Caicos
Islands 46 9 3 4.2 0.7 0 1.5 63 74 78 37 22 15 94 4.6 1.0 4.2

Tuvalu 10 4 1 0.5 -1.8 0 3.2 55 64 67 64 53 10 66 2.2 1.5 -32.9

Uganda 48,657 24,878 7,938 3.1 2.8 1,713 4.3 50 50 68 85 82 4 27 5.4 4.5 -2.6
Ukraine 37,733 6,610 1,304 -0.9 -1.5 212 1.0 71 68 73 49 21 28 70 -0.3 -1.0 -8.0
United Arab
Emirates 10,642 2,014 573 6.5 3.7 104 1.2 61 76 83 22 20 2 88 5.4 0.9 28.2

United Kingdom 68,683 14,404 3,592 0.4 0.7 688 1.6 72 78 81 58 27 30 85 0.9 0.5 6.5
United Republic 66,618 32,962 10,810 2.8 2.9 2,346 4.6 46 53 67 84 79 6 37 4.9 4.3 -0.6
of Tanzania
United States 343,477 74,112 18,644 1.0 0.6 3,657 1.6 71 77 79 54 27 27 83 1.0 0.7 3.9
Uruguay 3,388 774 175 0.3 -0.0 33 1.4 69 75 78 53 29 24 96 0.4 0.1 -0.4
Uzbekistan 35,652 12,670 4,311 1.2 2.0 944 3.5 60 65 72 58 49 9 51 1.8 1.5 -0.2
Vanuatu 320 143 44 2.5 2.3 9 3.6 55 69 71 75 68 7 26 3.1 2.7 0.0
Venezuela
(Bolivarian 28,301 9,064 2,124 1.9 0.4 427 2.1 65 72 73 55 41 14 88 0.8 1.1 -4.0
Republic of)
Viet Nam 100,352 28,088 7,178 1.1 0.6 1,388 1.9 55 73 75 48 35 13 39 3.0 2.1 -0.8
Yemen 39,391 18,756 6,294 3.1 3.0 1,387 4.6 41 63 69 78 73 4 40 4.4 3.4 -0.1
Zambia 20,724 10,140 3,152 2.9 2.8 686 4.1 53 47 66 78 75 3 46 4.3 3.5 0.5
Zimbabwe 16,341 7,880 2,307 0.6 1.7 497 3.7 58 46 63 82 75 7 33 1.1 2.4 -6.0

SUMMARY

East Asia and 2,363,393 531,377 120,932 0.9 0.1 21,226 1.4 58 72 77 47 27 19 63 2.6 1.2 -0.1
Pacific
Europe and 930,053 195,934 50,615 0.2 0.1 9,539 1.6 68 72 78 55 27 27 73 0.6 0.4 1.3
Central Asia
Eastern Europe 425,551 104,212 27,444 0.0 0.1 5,233 1.9 65 67 74 52 31 21 68 0.6 0.4 -1.5
and Central Asia
Western 504,501 91,723 23,171 0.3 0.2 4,306 1.4 71 78 82 57 23 33 78 0.6 0.3 3.7
Europe
Latin America
and the 654,057 181,323 47,336 1.4 0.7 9,315 1.8 58 71 76 48 34 14 82 1.4 0.9 -0.6
Caribbean
Middle East and 506,808 175,743 48,929 2.2 1.9 9,957 2.6 51 69 75 54 45 8 66 2.5 1.6 4.1
North Africa
North America 382,776 81,405 20,523 1.0 0.6 4,014 1.6 71 77 80 54 27 27 83 1.0 0.7 4.6
South Asia 1,952,474 640,915 174,121 1.9 1.0 35,975 2.2 48 63 71 51 41 10 36 2.5 2.2 -1.9
Sub-Saharan 1,261,076 601,964 190,013 2.7 2.5 41,798 4.3 44 51 62 79 73 6 43 3.9 3.4 -0.5
Africa
Eastern and 645,657 299,121 94,212 2.5 2.3 20,380 4.0 47 52 66 75 70 6 37 3.6 3.3 -1.5
Southern Africa
West and
Central Africa 615,419 302,843 95,801 2.9 2.6 21,418 4.7 41 50 59 83 78 5 49 4.1 3.4 0.5

Least developed 1,161,056 527,669 166,424 2.3 2.3 36,424 3.9 43 55 66 74 68 7 36 3.9 3.4 -1.6
countries
World 8,091,735 2,415,320 654,028 1.4 0.9 132,110 2.3 56 66 73 54 39 15 57 2.0 1.4 0.0

For a complete list of countries and areas in the regions, subregions and country categories, see page on Regional Classifications or visit <https://data.unicef.org/regionalclassifications>.
It is not advisable to compare data from consecutive editions of The State of the World’s Children report.
Sex disaggregated data available at United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2024). World Population Prospects 2024.

NOTES and T the length of the period. It is expressed as a percentage. presented as number of dependents per 100 persons of
- Data not available. Annual number of births – Annual number of births for the working age (15–64).
A Based on medium-fertility variant projections. reference year. Data are presented in thousands. Life expectancy at birth – Number of years newborn children
Regional and global values are based on more countries and Total fertility – The average number of live births a would live if subject to the mortality risks prevailing for the
areas than listed here. Therefore, country values don't add up hypothetical cohort of women would have at the end of their cross section of population at the time of their birth.
to the corresponding regional values and global value. reproductive period if they were subject during their whole lives Share of urban population – Urban population as a
to the fertility rates of a given period and if they were not percentage of the total population.
subject to mortality. It is expressed as live births per woman. Annual growth rate of urban population – Average annual
DEFINITIONS OF THE INDICATORS Dependency ratios – The total dependency ratio is the ratio of exponential rate of growth of the urban population over a
Population (thousands) – Total population the sum of the population aged 0–14 and that aged 65+ to the given period, expressed as a percentage.
Annual population growth rate – Average exponential rate population aged 15–64. The child dependency ratio is the ratio Net migration rate – The number of immigrants minus the
of growth of the population over one year. It is calculated as of the population aged 0–14 to the population aged 15–64. The number of emigrants over a period, divided by the
ln(Pt/P0)/T where P0 is the population at the beginning of the old-age dependency ratio is the ratio of the population aged 65 person-years lived by the population of the receiving country
time period, Pt the population at the end of the time period, years or over to the population aged 15–64. All ratios are over that period. It is expressed as net number of migrants per

15
TABLE 1. DEMOGRAPHICS

1,000 population. All demographic data – United Nations, Department of Urban data – United Nations Department of Economic and
Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2024). World Social Affairs, Population Division, World Urbanization
Population Prospects 2024. Prospects: The 2018 revision. Adjusted based on the 2022
MAIN DATA SOURCES revision of the World Population Prospects.

16
 TABLE 2. CHILD MORTALITY

Each year, in The State of the World’s Children, UNICEF presents a series of mortality estimates for children. These figures represent the
best estimates available at the time of printing and are based on the work of the United Nations Inter-Agency Group for Child
Mortality Estimation (UN IGME), which includes UNICEF, the World Health Organization (WHO), the World Bank Group and the UN
Population Division. UN IGME mortality estimates are updated annually through a detailed review of all newly available data, which
can result in changes to previously reported estimates. As a result, consecutive editions of The State of the World’s Children should not
be used for analysing mortality trends over time. Country-specific mortality indicators, based on the most recent UN IGME estimates,
are presented in Table 2 and are available at <data.unicef.org/child-mortality/under-five> and <www. childmortality.org>, along with
methodological notes.

THE STATE OF THE WORLD'S CHILDREN 2024 17

TABLE 2. CHILD MORTALITY
Annual rate Neonatal
Annual rate Deaths
of Mortality rate deaths as a
Under-five of among
Under-five reduction in Infant mortality among children Under-five Neonatal percentage
mortality rate Neonatal mortality rate Stillbirth rate reduction children Stillbirths
mortality rate under-five rate aged 5–14 deaths deaths of
2022 in stillbirth aged 5–14
mortality years under-five
rate years
rate deaths

Countries
and areas 1990 2000 2022 2010–2022 Male Female 1990 2022 1990 2000 2022 1990 2022 2000 2021 2000–2021 2022 2022 2022 2022 2021

Afghanistan 181 132 58 3.6 61 54 123 45 76 63 35 19 10 35 26 1.5 81,903 51,315 63 10,777 37,980
Albania 41 27 9 2.8 10 9 35 8 13 12 7 6 2 7 4 2.3 275 201 73 56 128
Algeria 51 42 22 2.1 23 20 43 19 24 22 15 9 3 20 10 3.5 20,489 14,010 68 2,404 9,429
Andorra 13 8 3 4.5 3 2 9 3 6 3 1 3 1 4 2 2.3 2 1 50 0 1
Angola 224 203 67 4.8 72 61 132 46 54 50 26 56 15 28 19 1.8 88,279 35,362 40 15,354 26,351
Anguilla 19 12 6 3.1 6 6 16 5 10 6 3 3 1 - - - 1 0 0 0 -
Antigua and
Barbuda 13 15 10 1.9 10 9 11 8 8 10 5 3 2 9 5 2.6 11 6 55 3 6

Argentina 29 19 9 3.6 10 9 25 8 15 11 6 3 2 8 4 2.8 5,956 3,596 60 1,203 2,719

Armenia 49 31 10 4.9 11 9 42 9 23 16 5 3 2 20 11 3.0 344 174 51 77 369
Australia 9 6 4 2.0 4 3 8 3 5 4 2 2 1 4 2 2.1 1,128 704 62 256 714
Austria 10 5 3 2.5 3 3 8 3 5 3 2 2 1 3 2 0.7 271 172 63 66 207
Azerbaijan 95 75 18 6.1 20 16 76 16 31 35 9 6 3 19 9 3.7 2,286 1,124 49 539 1,117
Bahamas 24 16 13 1.5 14 12 20 11 13 8 8 4 2 12 11 0.4 60 36 60 12 53
Bahrain 23 12 7 2.4 7 6 20 6 15 5 3 4 2 8 6 1.7 114 47 41 35 102
Bangladesh 146 86 29 4.5 31 27 101 24 66 44 17 24 5 41 21 3.3 86,271 51,988 60 13,677 63,199
Barbados 18 15 11 2.4 12 10 16 10 12 9 7 3 2 8 8 0.5 33 22 67 6 23
Belarus 15 13 3 6.5 3 2 12 2 10 5 1 4 1 5 2 4.1 230 71 31 116 195
Belgium 10 6 4 1.6 4 3 8 3 5 3 2 2 1 3 3 0.7 431 258 60 98 342
Belize 39 24 11 4.5 12 10 32 9 18 12 8 5 2 10 7 1.9 79 61 77 16 50
Benin 172 136 81 2.5 87 75 104 54 45 39 29 41 18 28 20 1.6 37,943 13,786 36 6,454 9,713
Bhutan 129 79 24 4.4 26 21 90 20 43 32 13 16 7 17 9 3.0 230 125 54 89 88
Bolivia
(Plurinational 122 76 24 4.7 26 21 84 20 41 30 13 12 4 16 9 2.7 6,288 3,343 53 951 2,333
State of)
Bosnia and 18 10 6 0.9 7 5 16 5 11 7 4 3 1 4 3 2.0 166 117 70 39 74
Herzegovina
Botswana 49 78 39 3.5 42 35 37 31 20 10 20 19 7 11 15 -1.5 2,350 1,199 51 380 912
Brazil 63 35 14 2.4 16 12 53 13 27 19 9 4 2 10 7 1.8 38,575 23,338 61 6,912 19,411
British Virgin 23 17 13 1.5 13 13 19 12 12 9 7 4 3 - - - 3 2 67 0 -
Islands
Brunei 13 10 10 -0.1 10 9 10 9 6 5 5 4 2 5 5 0.2 60 31 52 13 30
Darussalam
Bulgaria 18 18 6 4.7 7 6 15 5 8 8 3 4 2 8 5 1.6 354 153 43 103 317
Burkina Faso 198 178 79 3.6 83 74 98 50 45 40 25 38 16 29 20 1.7 61,166 19,532 32 10,486 16,351
Burundi 170 154 50 4.9 55 46 103 36 40 37 20 58 19 29 18 2.2 21,914 8,722 40 7,244 8,130
Cabo Verde 59 34 12 6.0 13 11 45 11 19 17 9 5 2 15 9 2.2 122 86 70 18 92
Cambodia 116 106 24 5.1 26 21 85 20 41 35 12 32 4 25 11 3.7 7,582 3,877 51 1,371 3,705
Cameroon 137 145 70 3.8 75 64 85 47 41 36 26 32 20 24 19 1.1 65,687 25,162 38 15,249 18,288
Canada 8 6 5 1.2 5 5 7 4 4 4 3 2 1 3 3 0.7 1,848 1,253 68 360 1,041
Central African 177 165 97 2.4 103 90 115 74 52 43 32 29 23 31 26 0.8 22,219 7,502 34 3,888 6,337
Republic
Chad 212 184 103 3.0 109 96 112 64 52 44 32 49 22 32 25 1.2 75,306 24,193 32 11,339 19,317
Chile 19 11 6 2.7 7 6 16 5 9 6 4 3 1 4 3 2.2 1,441 942 65 317 609
China 54 37 7 7.2 7 6 43 5 30 21 3 7 2 15 5 5.3 77,495 32,256 42 31,444 53,551
Colombia 36 25 12 3.3 14 11 29 11 18 13 7 5 3 9 7 1.2 8,982 4,839 54 1,897 5,255
Comoros 126 96 48 3.4 51 45 89 38 51 40 25 16 5 30 24 0.9 1,157 614 53 106 600
Congo 91 113 42 3.4 45 38 59 31 28 31 18 30 6 21 16 1.4 7,418 3,256 44 1,011 2,868
Cook Islands 24 18 7 3.7 7 7 20 6 13 10 4 5 2 10 5 3.4 2 1 50 0 1
Costa Rica 17 13 8 2.5 8 7 14 7 9 8 7 3 2 5 4 0.8 475 416 88 118 260
Côte d'Ivoire 153 141 69 3.2 77 61 104 52 49 41 29 29 16 30 22 1.4 64,040 27,025 42 12,406 21,042
Croatia 13 8 5 1.4 5 4 11 4 8 6 3 3 1 5 3 2.5 159 90 57 48 105
Cuba 13 9 8 -2.1 9 7 11 6 7 4 4 4 2 11 7 2.2 814 396 49 261 703
Cyprus 11 7 4 -0.4 4 3 10 3 6 4 2 2 1 4 3 2.5 45 25 56 15 33
Czechia 12 5 3 2.1 3 2 10 2 7 3 1 2 1 3 3 0.2 274 131 48 101 285
Democratic
People's
Republic of 42 103 17 4.6 19 15 32 14 22 38 9 8 4 15 8 2.9 5,825 3,114 53 1,224 2,878
Korea
Democratic
Republic of the 186 159 76 3.4 82 69 119 60 42 38 26 37 19 32 28 0.6 302,078 106,318 35 54,351 114,852
Congo
Denmark 9 6 4 1.3 4 3 7 3 4 3 2 2 1 3 2 2.4 223 122 55 39 121
Djibouti 117 100 52 3.2 57 47 91 44 49 43 28 26 12 36 27 1.4 1,263 699 55 268 674
Dominica 17 18 32 -2.8 34 30 14 31 11 14 26 4 2 11 15 -1.5 31 25 81 2 15
Dominican 59 40 32 0.7 35 29 46 27 24 23 22 7 3 15 13 0.8 6,621 4,554 69 620 2,640
Republic
Ecuador 54 29 12 3.7 13 11 42 10 22 14 7 7 3 16 9 2.7 3,626 1,952 54 888 2,670
Egypt 86 47 18 3.8 19 17 63 16 34 22 9 11 4 17 9 3.0 44,464 23,274 52 8,779 22,876
El Salvador 60 33 12 4.0 13 11 46 10 23 15 6 6 4 20 9 3.9 1,200 580 48 411 906
Equatorial 178 155 73 3.5 79 67 121 55 50 46 28 35 15 19 15 1.1 3,618 1,392 38 621 758
Guinea

18
TABLE 2. CHILD MORTALITY

Annual rate Neonatal

Annual rate Deaths
of Mortality rate deaths as a
Under-five of among
Under-five reduction in Infant mortality among children Under-five Neonatal percentage
mortality rate Neonatal mortality rate Stillbirth rate reduction children Stillbirths
mortality rate under-five rate aged 5–14 deaths deaths of
2022 in stillbirth aged 5–14
mortality years under-five
rate years
rate deaths

Countries
and areas 1990 2000 2022 2010–2022 Male Female 1990 2022 1990 2000 2022 1990 2022 2000 2021 2000–2021 2022 2022 2022 2022 2021

Eritrea 153 86 37 3.4 41 32 94 28 35 27 17 41 7 21 16 1.4 3,784 1,771 47 664 1,704

Estonia 18 11 2 7.4 2 2 14 1 10 5 1 5 1 5 2 4.1 26 11 42 14 26
Eswatini 69 114 50 4.7 55 45 52 40 23 30 22 11 11 16 14 0.6 1,434 639 45 301 416
Ethiopia 203 141 46 4.8 52 40 120 34 60 48 27 73 7 33 21 2.2 177,998 106,535 60 20,725 81,798
Fiji 29 23 28 -2.0 31 26 24 24 13 10 14 12 5 10 9 0.6 505 248 49 88 165
Finland 7 4 2 2.2 3 2 6 2 4 2 1 2 1 3 2 1.5 109 63 58 41 91
France 9 5 4 0.3 4 4 7 3 4 3 3 2 1 5 3 2.3 2,763 1,712 62 556 2,083
Gabon 92 84 39 3.9 43 35 60 29 31 28 18 18 11 18 14 1.1 2,463 1,173 48 632 908
Gambia 166 113 46 4.0 50 41 81 33 49 40 24 33 9 27 21 1.3 3,976 2,161 54 708 1,887
Georgia 48 36 9 3.5 10 8 41 8 25 23 5 4 2 16 6 4.9 466 262 56 90 288
Germany 9 5 4 1.3 4 3 7 3 3 3 2 2 1 3 3 0.3 2,726 1,682 62 590 2,115
Ghana 128 100 42 4.2 47 38 80 32 42 36 21 25 10 28 21 1.3 38,079 19,082 50 7,921 19,787
Greece 11 6 4 0.2 4 4 9 3 7 4 2 2 1 5 3 1.8 306 180 59 74 245
Grenada 22 15 16 -0.9 17 15 18 14 12 8 10 5 3 9 9 -0.2 32 20 63 6 18
Guatemala 80 52 22 3.8 24 20 59 19 29 21 10 13 3 20 13 1.9 8,259 3,828 46 1,352 5,030
Guinea 233 166 96 2.0 103 88 138 62 62 47 31 43 17 30 23 1.2 44,118 14,540 33 6,519 11,089
Guinea-Bissau 222 173 72 3.9 78 66 131 49 63 55 34 44 13 46 31 1.8 4,566 2,164 47 710 2,064
Guyana 61 47 27 2.9 30 23 47 22 31 27 16 5 4 19 13 1.7 430 259 60 54 217
Haiti 145 103 56 7.3 62 51 100 44 39 30 24 27 10 21 18 0.8 15,117 6,427 43 2,378 4,859
Holy See - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Honduras 58 37 16 3.6 18 14 45 14 22 18 9 9 5 14 8 2.7 3,463 1,977 57 1,006 1,797
Hungary 17 10 4 3.5 4 4 15 3 11 6 2 3 1 4 4 0.8 366 202 55 87 330
Iceland 6 4 3 0.2 3 2 5 2 3 2 1 2 1 3 2 2.0 12 6 50 2 8
India 126 92 29 5.8 29 29 84 26 57 45 18 21 4 30 12 4.2 669,956 417,860 62 93,278 286,482
Indonesia 84 52 21 3.8 23 19 62 18 31 23 11 13 5 15 9 2.5 95,200 47,963 50 21,935 41,163
Iran (Islamic 58 36 12 3.9 13 11 45 10 25 19 8 14 3 12 7 2.6 14,539 8,940 61 4,303 8,746
Republic of)
Iraq 54 44 24 3.3 26 21 42 20 26 24 13 10 5 17 12 1.9 27,976 16,164 58 5,566 14,091
Ireland 9 7 3 2.4 3 3 8 3 5 4 2 2 1 5 3 3.2 182 119 65 41 148
Israel 12 7 3 2.5 4 3 10 3 6 4 2 2 1 4 3 2.1 595 308 52 129 480
Italy 10 6 3 3.4 3 2 8 2 6 3 2 2 1 3 2 1.1 1,076 641 60 357 915
Jamaica 28 21 19 0.1 21 17 23 16 18 16 14 4 4 18 14 1.2 619 459 74 145 483
Japan 6 5 2 2.8 2 2 5 2 3 2 1 2 1 3 2 2.3 1,879 644 34 736 1,292
Jordan 36 27 14 3.0 15 13 30 12 20 16 8 5 2 12 9 1.5 3,450 2,025 59 560 2,221
Kazakhstan 52 42 10 6.2 11 8 44 9 23 24 5 6 3 11 8 1.5 3,967 1,890 48 951 3,384
Kenya 101 96 41 2.2 45 37 64 31 27 25 20 16 5 20 19 0.3 60,282 30,347 50 6,502 27,720
Kiribati 91 66 56 0.3 61 51 66 44 35 28 23 15 10 18 14 1.1 197 80 41 33 50
Kuwait 20 13 9 1.8 9 8 16 7 10 7 5 5 2 7 5 1.0 383 198 52 115 242
Kyrgyzstan 64 49 17 4.5 19 15 53 15 24 20 12 6 3 11 6 2.5 2,704 1,820 67 407 1,018
Lao People's
Democratic 153 107 40 4.3 45 36 106 33 47 38 20 41 6 23 16 1.7 6,543 3,280 50 983 2,666
Republic
Latvia 17 14 3 7.4 3 3 13 3 8 7 2 5 1 6 3 2.7 55 27 49 20 58
Lebanon 32 20 17 -2.7 19 16 26 15 20 12 10 6 4 11 6 2.9 1,461 844 58 408 505
Lesotho 85 111 72 2.0 79 66 68 56 40 38 35 16 8 37 27 1.5 4,265 2,100 49 408 1,632
Liberia 264 189 73 2.6 79 67 176 55 61 49 30 31 16 30 23 1.3 11,829 4,913 42 2,319 3,806
Libya 42 28 10 3.9 11 9 36 9 21 15 5 8 2 12 7 2.5 1,234 645 52 323 827
Liechtenstein - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Lithuania 15 11 4 4.5 4 3 12 3 8 5 2 4 1 5 3 3.0 95 53 56 32 69
Luxembourg 9 5 3 0.5 3 2 7 2 4 2 2 2 0 4 4 -0.1 17 11 65 2 24
Madagascar 155 105 66 0.6 71 60 95 45 38 31 24 36 18 20 18 0.5 58,343 21,710 37 13,841 16,743
Malawi 243 173 40 6.1 44 35 141 30 51 39 19 38 12 22 16 1.5 26,075 12,413 48 6,575 10,668
Malaysia 17 10 8 0.3 9 7 14 7 8 5 4 5 2 5 5 -0.3 4,001 2,223 56 823 2,590
Maldives 86 39 6 7.6 6 5 63 5 40 22 4 9 1 15 5 5.4 41 27 66 10 36
Mali 231 188 94 3.0 99 88 120 60 67 51 33 39 20 32 23 1.5 84,162 30,467 36 13,765 21,858
Malta 11 8 6 1.6 6 5 10 5 8 5 4 1 1 4 3 1.3 27 18 67 4 14
Marshall Islands 48 42 29 2.6 32 25 38 24 19 19 13 9 6 14 11 0.9 23 10 43 6 9
Mauritania 116 98 39 3.0 43 35 71 31 44 39 22 20 7 25 17 1.9 5,981 3,438 57 935 2,604
Mauritius 23 19 15 -0.2 16 13 20 13 15 12 10 3 2 13 10 0.9 199 126 63 24 140
Mexico 45 28 13 3.3 14 12 36 11 22 14 8 5 3 10 7 1.8 24,213 14,572 60 5,433 12,531
Micronesia
(Federated 49 39 24 3.0 27 21 39 21 24 21 13 9 5 14 11 1.2 57 30 53 11 27
States of)
Monaco 8 5 3 2.9 3 3 6 2 4 3 1 2 1 3 2 2.8 1 0 0 0 1
Mongolia 107 63 13 5.6 15 12 76 12 30 24 8 11 3 12 4 4.8 951 522 55 219 316
Montenegro 17 14 3 7.4 3 3 15 2 11 8 1 2 1 5 3 2.0 19 7 37 9 24
Montserrat 20 14 7 3.4 6 7 17 6 11 7 3 4 2 - - - 0 0 0 0 -
Morocco 81 52 17 4.9 19 16 64 15 37 29 11 9 2 21 13 2.1 11,189 6,792 61 1,594 8,722

19
TABLE 2. CHILD MORTALITY

Annual rate Neonatal

Annual rate Deaths
of Mortality rate deaths as a
Under-five of among
Under-five reduction in Infant mortality among children Under-five Neonatal percentage
mortality rate Neonatal mortality rate Stillbirth rate reduction children Stillbirths
mortality rate under-five rate aged 5–14 deaths deaths of
2022 in stillbirth aged 5–14
mortality years under-five
rate years
rate deaths

Countries
and areas 1990 2000 2022 2010–2022 Male Female 1990 2022 1990 2000 2022 1990 2022 2000 2021 2000–2021 2022 2022 2022 2022 2021

Mozambique 244 172 66 3.8 71 62 162 49 63 47 26 61 13 25 17 1.8 76,879 30,589 40 11,715 20,723
Myanmar 115 89 40 3.8 44 36 81 32 48 38 21 29 4 20 15 1.6 36,688 19,203 52 3,565 13,579
Namibia 73 78 38 2.2 41 34 49 29 29 24 19 14 13 18 17 0.2 2,618 1,291 49 761 1,222
Nauru 67 43 26 2.9 29 24 51 22 32 26 17 12 5 14 12 0.9 9 6 67 1 4
Nepal 138 79 27 4.7 29 25 96 23 58 40 17 26 4 30 16 3.1 16,661 10,477 63 2,515 9,739
Netherlands
(Kingdom of the) 8 6 4 1.0 4 4 7 3 5 4 3 2 1 5 2 4.0 702 463 66 142 402

New Zealand 11 7 5 2.5 5 4 9 4 4 4 2 3 1 4 3 1.6 293 160 55 66 167

Nicaragua 67 38 15 3.6 17 13 51 13 23 17 10 7 3 15 10 2.1 2,127 1,342 63 436 1,396
Niger 332 228 117 1.3 121 114 134 60 55 44 34 64 31 26 21 0.9 130,602 40,559 31 24,967 25,078
Nigeria 210 183 107 1.9 113 101 124 69 50 46 34 38 19 29 22 1.2 835,030 274,498 33 114,781 182,307
Niue 26 33 25 3.0 27 22 22 21 14 18 13 5 5 13 10 1.2 1 0 0 0 0
North
Macedonia 36 16 5 6.6 5 4 33 4 17 9 2 3 1 11 4 5.0 94 44 47 31 77

Norway 9 5 2 3.4 2 2 7 2 4 3 1 2 1 4 2 2.7 117 70 60 42 113

Oman 39 16 11 0.9 11 10 32 9 17 7 5 8 2 8 6 1.4 874 377 43 184 474
Pakistan 140 108 61 3.0 65 56 107 51 64 57 39 14 8 38 31 1.0 386,364 248,869 64 42,609 203,374
Palau 36 26 22 -1.1 25 20 30 22 19 14 12 7 5 10 7 1.6 6 3 50 0 2
Panama 30 26 13 2.8 14 12 25 11 17 14 7 5 3 12 8 2.1 1,018 571 56 233 582
Papua New 85 72 41 2.9 45 38 62 33 33 31 21 14 8 18 15 0.9 10,440 5,275 51 1,807 3,811
Guinea
Paraguay 46 34 17 3.3 19 16 36 15 22 18 9 7 3 17 10 2.4 2,407 1,274 53 320 1,400
Peru 80 38 15 2.4 16 14 57 12 28 16 8 10 2 14 7 3.5 8,902 4,676 53 1,417 3,962
Philippines 56 37 27 0.6 30 25 40 22 19 17 14 8 4 14 10 1.5 68,113 35,559 52 9,410 25,531
Poland 17 9 4 2.5 5 4 15 4 11 6 3 3 1 4 3 2.4 1,608 953 59 423 941
Portugal 15 7 3 1.6 3 3 12 3 7 3 2 4 1 4 2 2.8 256 130 51 79 180
Qatar 21 12 5 4.6 6 5 18 4 11 7 3 4 1 7 3 4.1 137 71 52 38 73
Republic of 16 8 3 3.3 3 3 13 2 7 3 1 4 1 3 2 2.8 807 379 47 330 505
Korea
Republic of 33 31 14 1.5 16 13 28 12 18 21 10 5 2 12 7 2.6 536 388 72 92 268
Moldova
Romania 31 21 7 5.0 7 6 24 6 15 10 3 5 2 6 3 2.7 1,320 638 48 322 665
Russian 22 19 5 6.5 5 4 17 4 11 9 2 5 2 7 3 3.4 6,705 2,513 37 3,003 4,616
Federation
Rwanda 152 185 38 4.3 41 35 93 29 42 44 17 61 15 28 17 2.5 15,237 6,896 45 5,155 6,876
Saint Kitts and 30 24 15 1.4 17 14 25 13 19 17 10 5 3 11 8 1.7 9 6 67 2 5
Nevis
Saint Lucia 21 18 17 0.3 19 16 17 16 12 11 11 4 3 14 11 0.9 35 23 66 6 23
Saint Vincent
and the 24 22 11 5.5 12 10 20 10 12 13 6 4 4 10 12 -0.7 15 8 53 7 16
Grenadines
Samoa 30 21 16 1.5 18 14 25 14 13 9 6 5 2 9 8 1.0 96 37 39 12 46
San Marino 13 5 1 4.9 2 1 12 1 7 3 1 3 0 3 2 2.8 0 0 0 0 0
Sao Tome and 109 82 14 7.6 16 13 69 11 27 22 7 22 3 16 9 2.8 91 45 49 19 56
Principe
Saudi Arabia 44 22 6 5.4 7 6 35 5 22 12 3 8 2 9 4 3.3 4,028 1,906 47 986 2,680
Senegal 138 130 37 4.9 41 33 71 28 40 38 20 33 7 26 19 1.4 20,201 11,356 56 3,447 10,713
Serbia 28 13 5 3.4 6 5 24 4 17 8 3 3 1 5 5 0.4 342 211 62 77 327
Seychelles 16 14 15 -0.2 16 13 14 12 11 9 9 4 2 9 9 -0.3 24 14 58 4 15
Sierra Leone 260 225 101 3.9 108 94 155 76 53 49 31 41 24 33 23 1.7 26,298 8,168 31 5,356 6,254
Singapore 8 4 2 2.3 2 2 6 2 4 2 1 2 1 3 2 2.2 90 40 44 40 79
Slovakia 15 10 6 1.3 6 5 13 5 9 5 3 3 1 4 3 1.2 319 161 50 71 168
Slovenia 10 5 2 2.7 3 2 9 2 6 3 1 2 1 4 3 1.6 44 25 57 15 49
Solomon Islands 38 31 18 3.1 20 17 31 16 15 13 7 7 4 12 9 1.4 385 156 41 73 196
Somalia 179 172 106 3.2 112 100 108 68 45 45 35 39 24 33 28 0.7 77,437 26,641 34 12,263 21,450
South Africa 62 71 35 3.4 37 32 48 28 22 17 11 7 6 21 16 1.2 40,381 12,739 32 6,464 19,337
South Sudan 252 182 99 0.8 104 94 149 64 64 56 39 54 22 31 26 0.9 30,912 12,426 40 7,505 8,312
Spain 9 5 3 2.0 3 3 7 3 5 3 2 2 1 3 2 2.0 1,076 614 57 338 776
Sri Lanka 22 17 6 4.6 7 6 19 6 14 10 4 6 2 11 6 2.7 1,980 1,107 56 573 1,849
State of 45 30 14 3.6 16 13 36 12 22 17 9 5 3 14 9 1.8 2,078 1,298 62 436 1,377
Palestine
Sudan 132 103 52 3.1 56 47 82 37 43 37 26 26 7 28 22 1.1 78,436 39,828 51 8,847 34,499
Suriname 45 31 17 2.8 19 15 39 15 20 17 10 5 4 14 11 1.2 184 115 63 43 123
Sweden 7 4 2 1.7 3 2 6 2 3 2 1 1 1 4 2 2.0 283 158 56 85 278
Switzerland 8 6 4 1.0 4 4 7 4 4 3 3 2 1 3 2 0.6 349 249 71 59 211
Syrian Arab
Republic 37 23 21 -1.0 23 19 30 18 16 12 10 9 5 12 11 0.4 9,136 4,667 51 2,344 4,615

Tajikistan 102 83 30 2.9 34 26 81 27 31 28 13 8 2 14 9 2.0 7,860 3,403 43 459 2,403

Thailand 37 21 8 3.6 9 7 30 7 21 12 4 6 4 10 5 2.7 5,219 2,811 54 3,273 3,531
Timor-Leste 177 112 49 3.2 53 44 133 42 57 39 22 27 9 22 14 2.0 1,592 718 45 281 481
Togo 147 120 60 3.2 65 55 91 42 44 37 23 33 11 27 21 1.3 16,496 6,538 40 2,487 5,872

20
TABLE 2. CHILD MORTALITY

Annual rate Neonatal

Annual rate Deaths
of Mortality rate deaths as a
Under-five of among
Under-five reduction in Infant mortality among children Under-five Neonatal percentage
mortality rate Neonatal mortality rate Stillbirth rate reduction children Stillbirths
mortality rate under-five rate aged 5–14 deaths deaths of
2022 in stillbirth aged 5–14
mortality years under-five
rate years
rate deaths

Countries
and areas 1990 2000 2022 2010–2022 Male Female 1990 2022 1990 2000 2022 1990 2022 2000 2021 2000–2021 2022 2022 2022 2022 2021

Tokelau - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Tonga 22 17 11 1.6 12 10 19 9 10 7 5 3 2 8 6 1.3 27 12 44 5 16
Trinidad and
Tobago 30 28 15 3.1 17 14 27 14 19 18 10 4 2 12 9 1.5 273 170 62 43 157

Tunisia 55 29 11 4.1 12 10 43 10 28 18 8 7 3 15 11 1.7 2,251 1,565 70 642 2,097

Türkiye 74 38 10 5.2 10 9 55 8 32 18 5 9 2 11 4 4.7 12,038 6,183 51 2,603 5,280
Turkmenistan 79 69 40 0.6 46 35 64 35 27 30 23 7 4 11 9 0.8 5,467 3,072 56 466 1,309
Turks and Caicos
Islands 19 11 6 2.1 6 5 14 4 10 6 3 3 2 - - - 3 2 67 0 -

Tuvalu 54 43 20 3.6 23 18 42 17 29 25 9 10 4 15 9 2.4 5 2 40 0 2

Uganda 183 146 41 5.3 45 36 107 30 40 33 18 29 13 23 15 2.0 67,724 31,501 47 16,905 25,855
Ukraine 19 18 9 2.7 9 8 17 7 12 11 5 4 3 7 5 1.7 2,879 1,567 54 1,295 1,669
United Arab
Emirates 15 11 5 4.2 6 5 12 4 8 6 3 3 1 8 5 2.8 502 244 49 128 454

United Kingdom 9 7 4 1.9 4 4 8 4 4 4 3 2 1 4 3 2.4 2,787 1,847 66 567 1,836

United Republic 167 129 41 4.4 44 37 101 30 40 33 20 27 13 26 18 1.7 92,691 45,976 50 22,858 42,873
of Tanzania
United States 11 8 6 1.3 7 6 9 5 6 5 3 2 1 3 3 0.9 23,296 11,806 51 5,939 10,196
Uruguay 24 17 7 4.0 7 6 21 6 12 8 4 3 2 7 5 2.0 239 154 64 72 173
Uzbekistan 71 62 13 6.8 15 12 58 12 31 29 8 7 3 12 6 3.4 10,517 5,891 56 1,989 4,740
Vanuatu 37 29 18 2.2 19 17 30 16 17 12 8 7 4 12 11 0.5 171 73 43 32 101
Venezuela
(Bolivarian 30 22 24 -2.9 26 22 25 21 13 11 15 4 3 10 11 -0.5 10,922 6,577 60 1,855 4,882
Republic of)
Viet Nam 52 30 20 1.0 24 17 37 16 24 15 10 10 3 11 8 1.6 29,663 14,977 50 3,894 11,822
Yemen 125 93 41 2.4 45 38 88 33 44 37 22 18 9 24 23 0.1 41,396 22,098 53 7,696 24,195
Zambia 183 156 56 2.9 60 51 109 39 37 36 24 27 10 22 14 2.1 37,015 16,426 44 5,374 9,703
Zimbabwe 80 94 48 4.8 52 43 52 35 24 27 24 13 11 23 19 0.8 23,203 11,913 51 4,796 9,711

SUMMARY

East Asia and 57 40 15 3.3 16 13 44 12 28 20 7 9 3 14 7 3.3 355,053 174,394 49 81,931 169,030

Pacific
Europe and 31 21 7 3.9 8 7 25 6 14 10 4 4 1 7 4 2.6 75,453 40,054 53 16,787 40,443
Central Asia
Eastern Europe 47 35 11 4.4 12 9 37 9 21 17 5 6 2 10 5 3.1 58,905 29,950 51 12,827 28,373
and Central Asia
Western 10 6 4 1.7 4 3 9 3 6 3 2 2 1 4 3 1.8 16,548 10,104 61 3,960 12,070
Europe
Latin America
and the 55 33 16 3.1 17 14 43 13 23 16 9 6 3 11 8 1.8 152,033 86,309 57 28,425 75,307
Caribbean
Middle East and 66 43 19 2.9 21 18 50 16 28 21 11 11 4 16 11 2.0 186,296 105,473 57 36,670 104,206
North Africa
North America 11 8 6 1.3 7 6 9 5 6 5 3 2 1 3 3 0.9 25,144 13,059 52 6,299 11,237
South Asia 130 94 36 4.6 37 35 89 31 59 46 22 20 5 32 17 3.0 1,243,406 781,768 63 163,528 602,747
Sub-Saharan 179 151 71 3.0 76 65 107 49 46 40 27 37 15 28 21 1.3 2,853,389 1,105,831 39 475,428 881,965
Africa
Eastern and 163 134 51 3.8 56 46 100 37 43 38 23 37 11 26 19 1.5 989,900 458,477 46 175,039 378,064
Southern Africa
West and
Central Africa 196 168 89 2.6 94 82 114 59 48 43 30 37 18 29 23 1.1 1,863,489 647,354 35 300,389 503,901

Least developed 176 135 59 3.4 63 54 109 42 53 42 25 36 12 30 21 1.7 2,000,781 865,510 43 346,906 737,181
countries
World 93 76 37 2.7 39 35 64 28 37 31 17 14 6 21 14 2.0 4,891,204 2,307,147 47 809,070 1,884,935

For a complete list of countries and areas in the regions, subregions and country categories, see page on Regional Classifications or visit <https://data.unicef.org/regionalclassifications>.
It is not advisable to compare data from consecutive editions of The State of the World’s Children report.

NOTES Neonatal mortality rate – Probability of dying during the first Stillbirth rate – Stillbirth rate (SBR) is defined as the number
- Data not available. 28 days of life, expressed per 1,000 live births. of babies born with no sign of life at 28 weeks or more of
Mortality rate (children aged 5 to 14 years) – Probability of gestation per 1,000 total births.
dying at age 5–14 years expressed per 1,000 children aged 5. Annual rate of reduction in stillbirth rate – The annual
DEFINITIONS OF THE INDICATORS Under-five deaths – Number of deaths among children under percentage reduction in the stillbirth rate (SBR) defined as
Under-five mortality rate – Probability of dying between 5 years of age. ARR=100*(ln(SBRt2/SBRt1)/(t1-t2)), where t1=2000 and t2=2021.
birth and exactly 5 years of age, expressed per 1,000 live births. Neonatal deaths – Number of deaths occurring within the first Stillbirths – Number of stillbirths.
Annual rate of reduction in under-five mortality rate – 28 days of life.
The annual percentage reduction in the under-five mortality Neonatal deaths as a percentage of under-five deaths –
rate (U5MR) defined as ARR=100*(ln(U5MRt2/U5MRt1)/(t1-t2)), The percentage of under-five deaths occurring within the first MAIN DATA SOURCES
where t1=2010 and t2=2022. 28 days of life. United Nations Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality
Infant mortality rate – Probability of dying between birth and Deaths among children aged 5–14 years – Number of Estimation (UNICEF, World Health Organization, United Nations
exactly 1 year of age, expressed per 1,000 live births. deaths among children aged 5 to 14 years. Population Division and the World Bank Group). Last update:
2024.

21
 TABLE 3. MATERNAL AND NEWBORN HEALTH

The maternal and newborn health table includes a combination of demographic and coverage indicators. The demographic
indicators consist of life expectancy for females and maternal mortality estimates, including the number of maternal deaths, maternal
mortality ratio and lifetime risk of maternal death.

The life expectancy indicator comes from the UN Population Division. The maternal mortality data are estimates generated by the
United Nations Maternal Mortality Estimation Inter-agency Group (MMEIG), which includes WHO, UNICEF, the United Nations
Population Fund (UNFPA), the World Bank Group and the UN Population Division. MMEIG mortality estimates are updated regularly
through a detailed review of all newly available data points. This process often results in adjustments to previously reported
estimates. As a result, consecutive editions of The State of the World’s Children should not be used for analysing maternal mortality
trends over time.

Coverage encompasses indicators for family planning, antenatal care, delivery care and postnatal care for mother and baby. The data
for these indicators come from national household survey programmes such as DHS and MICS and other reproductive health
surveys. Regional and global estimates are calculated using a weighted average method. The variables used for weighting are
indicator-specific and applied to each country. They accord with the appropriate target population for each indicator (the
denominator) and are derived from the latest edition of World Population Prospects. Only the most recent data points from 2017–2023
or modelled annualized estimates for each country were used to calculate regional and global aggregates.

The service coverage sub-index on reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health, which is a component of the Universal Health
Coverage (UHC) index, was newly added to the last edition of this table. It is defined as the average coverage of essential services
based on eight tracer indicators related to interventions across reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health areas. The index is
calculated as a weighted average of the included indicators and is reported on a scale from 0 to 100.

THE STATE OF THE WORLD'S CHILDREN 2024 22

TABLE 3. MATERNAL AND NEWBORN HEALTH

Antenatal care (%) Delivery care (%) Postnatal health check (%) Maternal mortality
2017–2023 (R) 2017–2023 (R) 2017–2023 (R) 2020 (C)
Universal health
Demand for family
Life expectancy coverage sub-index
planning satisfied
at birth (years): on reproductive,
with modern
female maternal, newborn
methods (%)
2023 and child health
2017–2023 (R) Number of Maternal Lifetime risk
2021 At least one At least four Skilled birth Institutional
C-section For newborns For mothers maternal mortality of maternal
Countries visit visits attendant delivery
deaths ratio death (1 in X)
and areas
Afghanistan 68 47 20 x 76 33 68 66 6 34 36 8,698 620 32
Albania 81 48 4 88 78 100 99 31 86 88 3 8 8,702
Algeria 78 68 45 95 70 99 99 25 92 88 758 78 414
Andorra 86 89 - - - 100 - - - - - - -
Angola 67 45 13 x 82 x 61 x 50 x 46 x 4x 21 x 23 x 2,914 222 79
Anguilla 83 - - - - 100 - - - - - - -
Antigua and 80 86 - 100 x 100 x 99 - - - - 0 21 2,708
Barbuda
Argentina 80 86 67 95 90 99 100 47 98 97 286 45 1,074
Armenia 80 77 28 x 100 x 96 x 100 x 99 x 18 x 98 x 97 x 10 27 2,117
Australia 86 91 - 98 x 92 x 99 99 x 31 x - - 9 3 19,484
Austria 84 91 - - - 98 99 x 24 x - - 4 5 13,728
Azerbaijan 77 51 14 x 92 x 96 x 100 96 x 26 x - 83 x 54 41 1,431
Bahamas 78 80 - 98 x 85 x 99 - - - - 4 77 944
Bahrain 82 84 - 100 x 100 x 98 98 x - - - 3 16 3,010
Bangladesh 76 59 55 88 38 70 65 45 56 55 3,719 123 393
Barbados 79 83 55 x 93 x 88 x 98 100 x 21 x 98 x 97 x 1 39 1,851
Belarus 79 90 46 100 100 100 100 31 100 99 1 1 65,317
Belgium 84 94 65 - - - - 18 x - - 6 5 12,079
Belize 77 78 49 x 97 x 93 x 95 96 x 34 x 96 x 96 x 9 130 375
Benin 62 43 17 78 53 81 91 6 77 76 2,451 523 36
Bhutan 75 83 65 x 98 x 85 x 99 94 12 x 30 x 41 x 6 60 970
Bolivia
(Plurinational 71 72 45 x 96 x 86 x 72 80 33 - 56 x 423 161 228
State of)
Bosnia and 81 64 12 x 87 x 84 x 100 100 x 14 x - - 2 6 12,642
Herzegovina
Botswana 72 54 42 x 94 x 73 x 100 100 x - - - 115 186 177
Brazil 79 73 77 x 97 x 92 98 99 56 - - 2,011 72 804
British Virgin 80 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Islands
Brunei 78 89 - 99 x 93 x 100 100 x - - - 3 44 1,310
Darussalam
Bulgaria 79 83 - - - 95 100 47 - - 4 7 10,176
Burkina Faso 63 60 31 98 72 96 94 4x 78 79 2,049 264 77
Burundi 66 59 23 99 49 75 84 4x 49 51 2,151 494 38
Cabo Verde 79 76 55 99 86 97 97 24 91 87 4 42 1,138
Cambodia 73 74 44 99 86 99 98 18 77 84 711 218 169
Cameroon 66 48 15 87 65 69 67 4 60 59 4,119 438 46
Canada 85 94 - 100 x 99 x 98 98 x 26 x - - 41 11 6,532
Central African 59 38 14 52 41 40 58 2 59 57 1,888 835 19
Republic
Chad 57 29 7 55 x 31 x 47 27 1 27 26 7,764 1,063 15
Chile 83 91 70 x - - 100 100 x 50 x - - 34 15 3,834
China 81 92 81 99 93 100 x 100 41 x - - 2,822 23 3,127
Colombia 81 80 76 x 97 x 90 x 98 97 x 43 x - - 548 75 776
Comoros 69 50 9 95 64 97 95 18 91 91 52 217 114
Congo 68 52 18 x 94 x 79 x 94 x 92 x 5x 86 x 80 x 503 282 82
Cook Islands 79 84 - 100 x - 100 x 100 x - - - - - -
Costa Rica 83 89 70 98 94 99 98 28 97 92 14 22 2,616
Côte d'Ivoire 64 51 25 95 56 84 81 3x 72 74 4,401 480 46
Croatia 82 83 - 98 97 100 - 24 - - 2 5 14,886
Cuba 81 89 60 99 79 100 100 31 100 100 42 39 1,837
Cyprus 84 84 - 99 x - 100 97 x - - - 9 68 1,048
Czechia 83 93 - - - 100 100 x 20 x - - 4 3 17,032
Democratic
People's 76 73 69 100 94 100 92 13 99 98 368 107 547
Republic of
Korea
Democratic
Republic of the 64 43 18 82 43 85 82 5 57 50 21,511 547 29
Congo
Denmark 84 94 - - - 96 - 21 x - - 3 5 12,328
Djibouti 69 52 18 x 88 x 23 x 87 x 87 x 11 x - - 56 234 160
Dominica 75 79 - 100 x - 100 - - - - - - -
Dominican
Republic 77 86 62 98 93 99 98 63 94 90 222 107 387

Ecuador 80 79 72 84 x 88 96 93 x 46 x - - 197 66 736

Egypt 74 81 57 x 97 90 97 95 72 77 79 417 17 1,904
El Salvador 76 80 52 96 x 90 x 98 98 x 32 x 95 93 44 43 1,132

23
TABLE 3. MATERNAL AND NEWBORN HEALTH

Antenatal care (%) Delivery care (%) Postnatal health check (%) Maternal mortality
2017–2023 (R) 2017–2023 (R) 2017–2023 (R) 2020 (C)
Universal health
Demand for family
Life expectancy coverage sub-index
planning satisfied
at birth (years): on reproductive,
with modern
female maternal, newborn
methods (%)
2023 and child health
2017–2023 (R) Number of Maternal Lifetime risk
2021 At least one At least four Skilled birth Institutional
C-section For newborns For mothers maternal mortality of maternal
Countries visit visits attendant delivery
deaths ratio death (1 in X)
and areas
Equatorial 66 49 10 x 91 x 67 x 68 x 67 x 7x - - 106 212 101
Guinea
Eritrea 71 52 7x 89 x 57 x 34 x 34 x 3x - 5x 328 322 77
Estonia 83 90 - - 97 x 99 99 - - - 1 5 11,102
Eswatini 67 73 57 99 74 93 93 17 90 88 x 70 240 127
Ethiopia 71 48 35 74 43 50 48 2x 35 34 10,246 267 86
Fiji 69 79 31 98 89 100 100 20 99 94 7 38 959
Finland 85 93 - 100 x - 100 100 x 16 x - - 4 8 8,622
France 86 95 73 x 100 x 99 x 98 98 x 21 x - - 54 8 7,265
Gabon 71 64 17 97 78 95 95 9 78 73 143 227 118
Gambia 68 64 17 98 79 84 84 4 83 88 399 458 47
Georgia 79 71 31 98 x 85 100 99 41 - - 14 28 1,740
Germany 84 92 - 100 x 99 x 96 99 x 29 x - - 34 4 12,967
Ghana 68 69 28 98 88 88 86 21 87 87 2,373 263 104
Greece 84 86 - - - 100 - - - - 6 8 9,377
Grenada 78 75 - 100 x - 100 - - - - 0 21 2,277
Guatemala 75 71 49 x 91 x 86 x 70 65 x 26 x 8x 78 x 362 96 381
Guinea 62 50 10 86 58 55 53 3 43 49 2,557 553 37
Guinea-Bissau 66 60 20 97 81 54 50 3 57 53 464 725 32
Guyana 74 79 29 89 85 98 98 22 95 94 18 112 328
Haiti 68 49 32 91 67 42 39 5 38 31 950 350 94
Holy See 85 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Honduras 76 79 67 96 88 94 92 25 94 92 155 72 506
Hungary 80 90 - - - 100 - 31 x - - 14 15 4,780
Iceland 85 92 - - - 97 - 17 x - - 0 3 18,010
India 74 68 56 85 58 89 89 22 82 61 23,753 103 474
Indonesia 73 78 52 98 77 96 79 17 76 87 7,827 173 283
Iran (Islamic 80 86 57 x 97 x 94 x 99 95 x 55 x - - 274 22 2,634
Republic of)
Iraq 74 61 36 88 68 96 87 33 78 83 897 76 348
Ireland 85 92 - 100 x - 100 100 x 25 x - - 3 5 11,516
Israel 85 89 - - - - - - - - 5 3 11,225
Italy 86 86 - 99 x 68 x 99 100 x 40 x - - 19 5 20,821
Jamaica 74 86 53 98 x 86 x 100 99 21 x - - 33 99 733
Japan 88 85 53 - - 100 100 x - - - 36 4 22,185
Jordan 80 70 38 97 93 100 100 26 86 83 100 41 776
Kazakhstan 78 86 54 x 99 x 95 x 100 99 x 15 x 99 x 98 x 57 13 2,406
Kenya 66 74 56 98 66 89 61 x 9x 83 78 7,716 530 52
Kiribati 68 71 27 89 67 92 86 9 91 86 3 76 386
Kuwait 82 81 - 100 x - 99 99 x - - - 4 7 7,994
Kyrgyzstan 75 76 38 100 89 100 100 8 98 96 81 50 575
Lao People's
Democratic 71 60 51 78 62 64 65 6 47 47 207 126 290
Republic
Latvia 81 88 - 92 x - 98 98 x - - - 3 18 3,931
Lebanon 80 71 47 x 96 x - 98 x 100 x - - - 18 21 2,327
Lesotho 60 75 65 91 77 87 89 10 x 82 84 334 566 55
Liberia 63 62 24 98 87 84 80 5 76 80 1,050 652 35
Libya 70 66 16 x 93 x 66 x 100 x 100 x - - - 88 72 576
Liechtenstein 85 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Lithuania 81 86 - 100 x - 100 - - - - 2 9 6,663
Luxembourg 84 95 - - 97 x 100 x 100 x 29 x - - 0 6 11,056
Madagascar 65 58 42 89 60 46 39 3 45 55 3,465 392 59
Malawi 71 72 65 97 51 96 97 8 88 84 2,452 381 60
Malaysia 79 83 35 99 x 98 100 98 26 - - 108 21 2,271
Maldives 83 66 15 99 82 100 95 40 82 80 4 57 845
Mali 62 47 16 84 43 67 67 3 54 56 3,927 440 37
Malta 85 89 - 100 x - 100 100 x 31 - - 0 3 24,739
Marshall Islands 69 73 42 x 81 x 77 x 92 85 x 9x - - - - -
Mauritania 71 41 13 85 39 70 70 5 40 43 696 464 45
Mauritius 78 75 31 x - - 100 98 x - - - 11 84 859
Mexico 78 81 69 99 x 94 x 88 97 x 41 x 95 x 95 x 1,159 59 821
Micronesia
(Federated 71 72 - 80 x - 100 x 87 x 11 x - - 2 74 488
States of)
Monaco 89 95 - - - - - - - - - - -
Mongolia 76 82 45 99 89 99 98 26 98 94 29 39 815
Montenegro 80 65 12 97 94 99 99 24 96 86 0 6 9,313

24
TABLE 3. MATERNAL AND NEWBORN HEALTH

Antenatal care (%) Delivery care (%) Postnatal health check (%) Maternal mortality
2017–2023 (R) 2017–2023 (R) 2017–2023 (R) 2020 (C)
Universal health
Demand for family
Life expectancy coverage sub-index
planning satisfied
at birth (years): on reproductive,
with modern
female maternal, newborn
methods (%)
2023 and child health
2017–2023 (R) Number of Maternal Lifetime risk
2021 At least one At least four Skilled birth Institutional
C-section For newborns For mothers maternal mortality of maternal
Countries visit visits attendant delivery
deaths ratio death (1 in X)
and areas
Montserrat 79 - - - - 100 - - - - - - -
Morocco 78 75 59 89 54 87 86 21 - - 472 72 574
Mozambique 67 56 25 87 49 68 65 5 41 36 1,466 127 156
Myanmar 70 56 51 x 81 x 59 x 60 x 37 x 17 x 36 x 71 x 1,658 179 273
Namibia 71 75 55 x 97 x 63 x 88 x 87 x 14 x 20 x 69 x 148 215 127
Nauru 64 66 25 x 95 x 40 x 97 x 99 x 8x - - - - -
Nepal 72 78 43 94 81 80 79 18 70 70 1,052 174 240
Netherlands 84 93 - - - - - 14 x - - 8 4 13,316
(Kingdom of the)
New Zealand 84 87 - - - 96 97 x 23 x - - 4 7 8,192
Nicaragua 77 76 77 x 95 x 88 x 94 71 x 30 x - - 110 78 466
Niger 62 52 14 84 37 44 45 1 34 34 4,896 441 31
Nigeria 55 46 18 70 60 51 49 4 62 61 81,747 1,047 19
Niue 73 69 - 100 x - 100 x - - - - - - -
North 80 67 14 97 96 100 99 38 99 94 1 3 23,635
Macedonia
Norway 85 95 - - - 99 99 x 16 x - - 1 2 43,146
Oman 82 63 19 x 99 x 74 100 99 x 19 x 98 x 95 x 15 17 1,879
Pakistan 70 63 25 91 52 68 70 23 64 69 9,810 154 172
Palau 72 77 - 90 x 81 x 99 100 x - - - - - -
Panama 83 80 47 x 99 x 88 x 93 96 x 32 x 93 x 92 x 38 50 836
Papua New 69 47 31 76 49 56 55 3 45 46 485 192 154
Guinea
Paraguay 77 80 66 x 99 x 81 91 98 51 96 x 94 x 99 71 510
Peru 80 72 58 98 96 95 93 36 96 x 97 406 69 604
Philippines 73 66 42 86 83 90 88 20 80 86 1,935 78 413
Poland 82 82 51 x - - 100 100 x 21 x - - 7 2 36,689
Portugal 85 92 - 100 x - 97 99 x 31 x - - 10 12 6,086
Qatar 83 83 34 x 91 x 85 x 100 99 x 20 x - - 2 8 6,284
Republic of 87 94 - - 97 x 100 100 x 32 x - - 24 8 17,698
Korea
Republic of 76 80 44 99 x 95 x 100 99 x 16 x - - 5 12 4,697
Moldova
Romania 80 81 - 72 70 95 95 x 34 x - - 20 10 5,705
Russian 79 87 - - - 100 99 x 13 x - - 197 14 5,309
Federation
Rwanda 70 67 57 98 47 94 93 15 75 70 1,033 259 95
Saint Kitts and 76 83 - 100 x - 100 - - - - - - -
Nevis
Saint Lucia 76 79 52 x 97 x 90 x 100 100 x 19 x 100 x 90 x 2 73 789
Saint Vincent
and the 74 81 - 100 x 100 x 99 - - - - 1 62 935
Grenadines
Samoa 74 64 16 94 70 89 89 8 85 83 4 59 378
San Marino 87 88 - - - - - - - - - - -
Sao Tome and 74 80 46 98 84 x 97 95 10 92 84 9 146 169
Principe
Saudi Arabia 81 75 33 95 80 100 99 - 78 71 108 16 2,546
Senegal 71 59 25 98 29 75 80 7 81 80 1,417 261 80
Serbia 80 75 21 99 97 100 100 32 - - 7 10 7,052
Seychelles 77 79 - - - 100 - - - - 0 3 14,541
Sierra Leone 64 72 21 98 79 87 83 4 83 86 1,165 443 52
Singapore 86 91 - - - 100 100 - - - 3 7 12,825
Slovakia 82 90 - 97 x - 98 - 24 x - - 3 5 14,901
Slovenia 84 89 - 100 x - 100 x 100 x - - - 1 5 15,824
Solomon Islands 72 70 24 x 89 x 69 x 86 x 85 x 6x 16 x 69 x 26 122 200
Somalia 61 17 1 31 24 32 21 2 10 11 4,519 621 25
South Africa 70 76 54 x 94 x 76 x 97 x 96 x 26 x 86 x 84 x 1,516 127 296
South Sudan 61 29 2x 62 x 31 40 12 x 1x 7 8 3,790 1,223 20
Spain 86 91 62 x - - 100 - 26 x - - 12 3 27,789
Sri Lanka 81 76 54 x 99 x 93 x 100 x 100 x 32 x - 99 x 89 29 1,667
State of 72 - 43 99 95 100 99 26 92 89 30 20 1,178
Palestine
Sudan 70 51 12 x 79 x 51 x 78 x 28 x 9x 28 x 27 x 4,112 270 78
Suriname 77 73 39 85 68 100 93 16 94 91 11 96 431
Sweden 85 94 - 100 x - - - - - - 5 5 12,740
Switzerland 86 93 67 - - - - 30 x - - 6 7 7,776
Syrian Arab 74 62 38 x 88 x 64 x 96 x 78 x 26 x - - 122 30 1,209
Republic
Tajikistan 74 69 27 92 64 95 88 5 90 92 44 17 1,592

25
TABLE 3. MATERNAL AND NEWBORN HEALTH

Antenatal care (%) Delivery care (%) Postnatal health check (%) Maternal mortality
2017–2023 (R) 2017–2023 (R) 2017–2023 (R) 2020 (C)
Universal health
Demand for family
Life expectancy coverage sub-index
planning satisfied
at birth (years): on reproductive,
with modern
female maternal, newborn
methods (%)
2023 and child health
2017–2023 (R) Number of Maternal Lifetime risk
2021 At least one At least four Skilled birth Institutional
C-section For newborns For mothers maternal mortality of maternal
Countries visit visits attendant delivery
deaths ratio death (1 in X)
and areas
Thailand 81 89 71 99 88 100 100 41 - - 188 29 2,525
Timor-Leste 69 70 24 x 84 x 83 57 x 49 x 4x 31 x 35 x 67 204 144
Togo 63 52 21 78 55 69 80 9 80 81 1,089 399 59
Tokelau 79 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Tonga 76 77 25 98 89 98 98 14 98 95 3 126 234
Trinidad and
Tobago 77 82 31 95 x 100 x 100 98 x 22 x 96 x 92 x 5 27 2,181

Tunisia 79 87 48 95 84 100 100 43 97 89 74 37 1,313

Türkiye 80 70 49 96 90 97 99 52 68 79 219 17 2,764
Turkmenistan 73 78 47 100 98 100 100 8 100 x 100 x 7 5 6,272
Turks and Caicos
Islands 80 - 34 97 93 100 97 55 99 95 - - -

Tuvalu 71 65 22 94 60 100 99 20 97 89 - - -
Uganda 71 68 38 95 57 91 73 x 6x 56 x 54 x 4,700 284 66
Ukraine 80 82 48 x 99 x 87 x 100 x 99 x 12 x 99 x 96 x 56 17 5,833
United Arab 84 84 - 100 x - 100 100 x - - - 9 9 6,144
Emirates
United Kingdom 83 91 - - - - - 26 x - - 67 10 5,847
United Republic 70 63 31 90 65 85 81 11 54 51 5,390 238 83
of Tanzania
United States 82 89 66 - 97 x 99 - 31 x - - 774 21 2,749
Uruguay 82 92 - 97 x 97 100 100 x 30 x - - 7 19 3,879
Uzbekistan 75 84 56 99 x 90 99 100 17 100 100 251 30 1,069
Vanuatu 74 61 37 x 76 x 52 x 89 x 89 x 12 x - - 9 94 258
Venezuela
(Bolivarian 77 73 - 98 x 84 x 99 99 x 52 x - - 1,208 259 161
Republic of)
Viet Nam 79 80 60 97 88 96 96 34 89 88 1,849 124 388
Yemen 71 41 25 x 70 32 61 47 11 36 38 1,852 183 133
Zambia 69 74 47 97 64 80 84 5 72 70 892 135 158
Zimbabwe 65 71 66 x 93 72 86 86 9 91 82 1,734 357 71

SUMMARY

East Asia and 80 86 87 97 90 96 92 - - - 18,000 74 840

Pacific
Europe and 82 86 75 - 93 99 - - - - 1,300 13 4,500
Central Asia
Eastern Europe 79 80 68 - 91 99 98 30 - 94 1,000 19 2,900
and Central Asia
Western 84 91 82 - - 99 - - - - 290 6 11,000
Europe
Latin America
and the 79 77 84 - 93 94 94 47 - 92 8,400 88 570
Caribbean
Middle East and 77 74 70 89 77 94 85 40 72 75 5,200 56 660
North Africa
North America 82 89 83 - 98 99 - - - - 810 20 2,900
South Asia 73 66 74 86 58 86 82 23 74 67 47,000 138 320
Sub-Saharan 64 54 53 82 58 74 64 5 57 61 206,000 536 41
Africa
Eastern and 68 59 62 85 58 78 63 - 50 56 59,000 324 71
Southern Africa
West and
Central Africa 60 49 41 80 57 69 64 5 61 65 147,000 724 27

Least developed 69 54 59 84 52 75 66 12 50 56 120,000 377 66

countries
World 76 75 77 87 70 86 79 20 68 69 287,000 223 210

For a complete list of countries and areas in the regions, subregions and country categories, see page on Regional Classifications or visit <https://data.unicef.org/regionalclassifications>.
It is not advisable to compare data from consecutive editions of The State of the World’s Children report.

NOTES comparable sets of maternal mortality data that account for the Life expectancy at birth – Number of years newborn female
- Data not available. well-documented problems of under-reporting and children would live if subject to the mortality risks prevailing for
x Data refer to years or periods other than those specified in misclassification of maternal deaths, including also estimates the cross–section of population at the time of their birth.
the column heading. Such data are not included in the for countries with no data. Please note that owing to an Universal health coverage Service Coverage sub-index on
calculation of regional and global averages. Estimates from evolving methodology, these values are not comparable with reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health –
data years prior to 2000 are not displayed. previously reported maternal mortality ratio 'adjusted' values. Average coverage of essential services based on eight tracer
C Maternal mortality estimates are from the 2023 United R Data refer to the most recent year available during the period indicators related to interventions across reproductive,
Nations inter-agency maternal mortality estimates. Periodically, specified in the column heading. maternal, newborn and child health areas. The index is
the United Nations Maternal Mortality Estimation Inter-agency calculated as a weighted average of the included indicators and
Group (WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, the World Bank and the United is reported on a scale of 0 to 100.
Nations Population Division) produces internationally DEFINITIONS OF THE INDICATORS

26
TABLE 3. MATERNAL AND NEWBORN HEALTH

Demand for family planning satisfied with modern health check while in facility or at home following delivery or a Antenatal care (at least one visit) – DHS, MICS and other
methods – Percentage of adolescent girls and women (aged postnatal visit. national household surveys. Last update: October 2024.
15–49) who have their need for family planning satisfied with Number of maternal deaths – Number of deaths of women Antenatal care (at least four visits) – DHS, MICS and other
modern methods. from pregnancy-related causes (modelled estimates). national household surveys. Last update: October 2024.
Antenatal care (at least one visit) – Percentage of Maternal mortality ratio – Number of deaths of women from Skilled birth attendant – Joint UNICEF/WHO SAB database,
adolescent girls and women (aged 15–49) attended at least pregnancy-related causes per 100,000 live births during the based on DHS, MICS and other national household surveys as
once during pregnancy by skilled health personnel (typically a same time period (modelled estimates). well as national administrative data. Last update: March 2024.
doctor, nurse or midwife). Lifetime risk of maternal death – Lifetime risk of maternal Institutional delivery – DHS, MICS and other national
Antenatal care (at least four visits) – Percentage of death takes into account both the probability of becoming household surveys. Last update: October 2024.
adolescent girls and women (aged 15–49) attended by any pregnant and the probability of dying as a result of that C-section – DHS, MICS and other national household surveys.
provider at least four times. pregnancy, accumulated across a woman’s reproductive years Last update: October 2024.
Skilled birth attendant – Percentage of births from (modelled estimates). Postnatal health check for newborn and mother – DHS,
adolescent girls and women (aged 15–49) attended by skilled MICS and other national household surveys. Last update:
heath personnel (typically a doctor, nurse or midwife). October 2024.
Institutional delivery – Percentage of adolescent girls and MAIN DATA SOURCES Number of maternal deaths – United Nations Maternal
women (aged 15–49) who gave birth in a health facility. Life expectancy – United Nations Population Division, World Mortality Estimation Inter-agency Group (WHO, UNICEF,
C-section – Percentage of births delivered by Caesarean Population Prospects 2024. Last update: July 2024. UNFPA, the World Bank and the United Nations Population
section. C-section rates between 10 per cent and 15 per cent Universal health coverage Service Coverage sub-index on Division). Last Update: February 2023.
are expected with adequate levels of emergency obstetric care. reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health – WHO Maternal mortality ratio – United Nations Maternal Mortality
Postnatal health check for newborn – Percentage of last Global Health Observatory, based on DHS, MICS and other Estimation Inter-agency Group (WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, the
live births in the last two years who received a health check national household surveys. Last update: May 2023. World Bank and the United Nations Population Division). Last
within two days after delivery. For MICS, health check refers to Demand for family planning satisfied with modern Update: February 2023.
a health check while in facility or at home following delivery or a methods – United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Lifetime risk of maternal death – United Nations Maternal
postnatal visit. Affairs, Population Division, United Nations Population Fund Mortality Estimation Inter-agency Group (WHO, UNICEF,
Postnatal health check for mother – Percentage of (UNFPA), based on Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), UNFPA, the World Bank and the United Nations Population
adolescent girls and women (aged 15–49) who received a Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS), Reproductive Health Division). Last Update: February 2023.
health check within 2 days after delivery of their most recent Surveys, other national surveys, and National Health
live birth in the last 2 years. For MICS, health check refers to a Information Systems (HIS). Last Update: August 2024.

27
 TABLE 4. CHILD HEALTH

The child health table includes a set of indicators that capture information on the coverage of effective interventions delivered to
children under the age of 5 years and at the household level. These include a range of immunization indicators (described below) and
indicators on interventions for the prevention or treatment of pneumonia, diarrhoea and malaria (the three leading killers of young
children). The main data sources for the indicators on prevention and treatment of childhood illnesses are nationally representative
household surveys such as the DHS, MICS and the Malaria Indicator Surveys (MIS). Regional and global estimates are calculated using
a weighted average method. Variables used for weighting are indicator-specific and applied to each country. They accord with the
appropriate target population for each indicator (the denominator) and are derived from the latest edition of the World Population
Prospects. Only the most recent data points from 2017–2023 or modelled annualized estimates for each country were used to
calculate regional and global aggregates. For indicators that capture information about households, the total population was used.

Immunization

The child health table presents WHO and UNICEF estimates of national immunization coverage. Since 2000, these estimates have
been updated annually in July, following a consultation process during which countries are provided with draft reports for review and
comment. As new empirical data are incorporated into the process for generating the estimates, the revised estimates supersede
prior data releases. Coverage levels from earlier revisions are not comparable. A more detailed explanation of the process can be
found at <data.unicef.org/child-health/immunization>. Regional averages for the reported antigens are computed as follows: For
Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine, regional averages include only those countries where BCG is included in the national routine
immunization schedule. For diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP), poliovirus (polio), measles, hepatitis B (HepB), Haemophilus influenzae
type b (Hib), pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), and rotavirus vaccines, regional averages include all countries since these
vaccines are universally recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). For protection at birth (PAB) from tetanus, regional
averages include only the countries where maternal and neonatal tetanus is endemic.

THE STATE OF THE WORLD'S CHILDREN 2024 28

TABLE 4. CHILD HEALTH
2017–2023 (R)
Immunization for vaccine preventable diseases (%)
2023 (J)
Pneumonia Diarrhoea Malaria

Care seeking
for children
Protection at Treatment
with Care seeking Children Households
birth (PAB) with oral
BCG DTP1 DTP3 Polio3 MCV1 MCV2 (F) HepB3 Hib3 Rota PCV3 symptoms of for children sleeping with at least
against rehydration
acute with fever (%) under ITNs (%) one ITN (%)
tetanus (G) salts (%)
Countries respiratory
and areas infection (%)

Afghanistan 68 67 60 68 55 42 60 60 61 58 60 45 33 49 5x 26 x
Albania 99 98 97 97 83 93 97 97 97 85 96 82 35 60 - -
Algeria 99 98 92 88 99 93 94 92 - 89 97 47 27 - - -
Andorra - 99 98 98 99 96 97 97 - 94 - - - - - -
Angola 73 69 54 60 50 35 54 54 43 49 63 49 x 43 x 51 x 22 x 31 x
Anguilla - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Antigua and - 99 97 98 94 87 98 98 - - - - - - - -
Barbuda
Argentina 69 77 66 71 80 54 66 66 68 71 - 94 15 71 - -
Armenia 99 96 94 94 96 96 94 94 93 94 - 92 x 37 x 71 x - -
Australia - 98 94 94 91 93 94 94 87 95 - - - - - -
Austria - 91 84 84 95 94 84 84 61 - - - - - - -
Azerbaijan 95 92 83 91 96 93 83 83 - 82 - 33 x 8x - 1x -
Bahamas - 99 87 87 86 53 87 87 81 81 100 - - - - -
Bahrain - 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 98 98 100 - - - - -
Bangladesh 99 99 98 98 97 93 98 98 - 99 98 46 72 33 - -
Barbados - 91 85 85 89 76 85 85 - 86 - - - - - -
Belarus 98 98 98 98 97 95 97 98 - - - 93 53 84 - -
Belgium - 98 98 98 96 82 97 97 86 94 - - - - - -
Belize 88 85 85 85 93 88 85 85 - - 95 67 x 55 x 71 x - -
Benin 93 79 69 65 52 - 69 69 69 69 83 35 15 53 50 58
Bhutan 97 99 99 98 99 97 99 99 - 99 95 74 x 61 x - - -
Bolivia
(Plurinational 74 72 67 67 68 50 67 67 70 68 92 81 x 40 x - - -
State of)
Bosnia and 95 85 73 75 55 63 77 73 - - - 87 x 36 x - - -
Herzegovina
Botswana 98 98 95 96 97 79 95 95 52 81 95 14 x 43 x 75 x 31 x 53 x
Brazil 79 96 90 85 87 64 90 90 84 74 96 50 x - - - -
British Virgin - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Islands
Brunei 99 99 99 99 97 99 99 99 - - 97 - - - - -
Darussalam
Bulgaria 97 95 92 92 92 87 92 92 46 87 - - - - - -
Burkina Faso 98 99 94 93 94 71 94 94 86 92 95 77 34 75 67 83
Burundi 89 89 89 89 86 80 89 89 89 88 87 59 36 70 40 46
Cabo Verde 98 93 93 94 95 86 93 93 - - 96 53 56 77 - -
Cambodia 91 93 85 84 79 64 85 85 - 82 95 88 29 80 4x 5x
Cameroon 93 81 75 74 71 45 75 75 72 75 81 30 18 56 60 73
Canada - 94 92 92 92 79 83 90 87 85 - - - - - -
Central African
Republic 61 54 42 46 41 - 42 42 - 40 60 35 23 32 51 61

Chad 92 84 67 67 63 35 67 67 - - 73 18 17 32 54 66
Chile 98 99 96 96 94 70 96 96 - 93 - - - - - -
China 99 98 97 97 97 95 97 - - - - - - - - -
Colombia 87 90 90 90 93 84 90 90 86 90 97 64 x 54 x 54 x - 3x
Comoros 85 80 75 62 70 79 75 75 - - 85 37 35 34 42 52
Congo 67 82 78 52 65 34 78 78 45 76 85 28 x 27 x 51 x 61 x 66 x
Cook Islands 99 95 86 69 84 77 69 69 60 77 - - - - - -
Costa Rica 99 99 99 99 93 83 98 99 94 99 - 80 56 74 - -
Côte d'Ivoire 87 83 79 77 70 43 79 79 77 79 84 63 17 59 59 72
Croatia 97 98 93 93 90 90 92 91 - 90 - - - - - -
Cuba 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 - - - 90 35 85 - -
Cyprus - 98 95 95 82 80 95 95 - 74 - - - - - -
Czechia - 96 94 94 87 90 94 94 - - - - - - - -
Democratic
People's 63 41 16 0 28 16 16 16 - - 98 86 74 - - -
Republic of
Korea
Democratic
Republic of the 77 80 60 61 52 18 60 60 52 59 78 34 24 46 51 63
Congo
Denmark - 98 97 97 95 93 - 97 - 97 - - - - - -
Djibouti 65 77 72 72 76 64 72 72 75 72 99 94 x 94 x - 20 x 32 x
Dominica 95 99 56 57 87 87 56 56 - - - - - - - -
Dominican
Republic 99 99 90 89 94 70 90 88 89 86 99 85 53 79 - -

Ecuador 76 74 70 59 74 60 70 70 73 71 90 71 45 - - -
Egypt 97 98 96 96 96 95 96 96 - - 88 65 40 57 - -
El Salvador 95 96 96 96 99 71 96 96 98 99 94 61 70 x - - -

29
TABLE 4. CHILD HEALTH

2017–2023 (R)
Immunization for vaccine preventable diseases (%)
2023 (J)
Pneumonia Diarrhoea Malaria

Care seeking
for children
Protection at Treatment
with Care seeking Children Households
birth (PAB) with oral
BCG DTP1 DTP3 Polio3 MCV1 MCV2 (F) HepB3 Hib3 Rota PCV3 symptoms of for children sleeping with at least
against rehydration
acute with fever (%) under ITNs (%) one ITN (%)
tetanus (G) salts (%)
Countries respiratory
and areas infection (%)

Equatorial 88 80 74 73 61 28 74 74 - - 63 54 x 40 x 62 x 23 x 38 x
Guinea
Eritrea 97 97 95 95 93 85 95 95 96 95 99 45 x 43 x - 20 x 71 x
Estonia 90 91 90 89 89 84 84 89 80 - - - - - - -
Eswatini 93 89 85 76 85 82 85 85 50 66 90 60 x 68 41 2x 10 x
Ethiopia 74 77 72 72 61 53 72 72 70 69 80 30 x 30 x 35 x 45 x 64 x
Fiji 99 99 99 99 99 83 99 99 99 99 98 - 54 68 - -
Finland - 97 91 91 94 92 - 91 85 87 - - - - - -
France - 99 96 96 95 93 96 96 - 96 - - - - - -
Gabon 84 73 70 69 66 - 70 70 - - 79 67 20 76 19 21
Gambia 76 84 84 86 80 73 84 84 83 80 96 64 44 64 44 77
Georgia 94 96 88 88 95 86 93 88 74 86 - 74 x 42 67 - -
Germany - 98 91 91 97 93 87 90 69 82 - - - - - -
Ghana 97 99 95 91 90 78 95 95 64 96 90 56 40 57 49 67
Greece - 99 99 99 97 83 96 99 20 96 - - - - - -
Grenada - 92 86 86 82 84 86 86 - - - - - - - -
Guatemala 88 94 83 84 88 77 83 83 86 87 90 52 x 49 x 50 x - -
Guinea 73 62 47 48 47 26 47 47 - - 75 69 55 61 38 63
Guinea-Bissau 81 80 74 75 72 36 74 74 76 74 83 48 30 52 94 97
Guyana 99 98 98 99 95 99 98 98 99 95 96 84 40 59 11 9
Haiti 73 75 51 51 65 41 51 51 48 51 78 35 39 40 18 31
Holy See - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Honduras 72 74 73 71 77 74 73 73 73 73 99 70 53 61 - -
Hungary 99 99 99 99 99 99 - 99 - 99 - - - - - -
Iceland - 95 92 92 91 89 - 92 - 92 - - - - - -
India 89 93 91 91 93 90 91 91 90 83 93 56 61 80 4 8
Indonesia 88 85 83 82 82 62 83 83 11 31 83 75 36 90 3x 3x
Iran (Islamic 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 - - 97 76 x 61 x - - -
Republic of)
Iraq 93 97 91 91 97 83 91 91 46 14 75 44 25 75 - -
Ireland - 96 89 93 89 - 93 93 87 83 - - - - - -
Israel - 99 98 98 98 92 96 98 80 94 - - - - - -
Italy - 98 95 95 95 85 95 95 71 92 - - - - - -
Jamaica 99 98 98 98 93 89 98 98 - - 93 82 x 64 x - - -
Japan 97 99 98 98 94 94 95 98 95 97 - - - - - -
Jordan 90 97 96 95 95 89 96 96 96 - 91 79 42 82 - -
Kazakhstan 93 99 99 99 99 99 97 99 - 98 - 81 x 62 x - - -
Kenya 90 97 93 92 91 76 93 93 71 91 85 73 48 70 51 54
Kiribati 96 99 90 87 79 47 90 90 92 91 93 87 61 27 x 69 86
Kuwait 99 99 99 99 99 91 99 99 88 99 99 - - - - -
Kyrgyzstan 95 91 86 92 96 93 87 86 87 91 - 60 x 36 48 - -
Lao People's
Democratic 93 90 84 83 80 68 84 84 - 81 90 40 56 58 50 61
Republic
Latvia 98 98 98 98 96 92 97 98 86 95 - - - - - -
Lebanon - 78 55 55 73 53 55 55 40 65 - 74 x 44 x - - -
Lesotho 68 92 87 87 90 82 87 87 83 87 83 58 40 61 x - -
Liberia 82 99 82 72 82 60 82 82 82 80 91 58 54 63 44 55
Libya 74 74 73 73 73 72 73 73 73 73 - 83 x - - - -
Liechtenstein - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Lithuania 93 93 90 90 87 86 89 90 74 82 - - - - - -
Luxembourg - 99 99 99 99 90 96 99 89 96 - - - - - -
Madagascar 73 74 65 63 51 47 65 65 62 73 75 52 20 45 56 69
Malawi 88 95 91 91 87 65 91 91 91 91 93 71 51 64 68 74
Malaysia 99 99 97 97 96 96 97 97 - 95 96 92 x 18 - - -
Maldives 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 - - 99 74 x 75 86 - -
Mali 71 78 77 68 73 59 77 77 63 77 83 35 21 60 73 91
Malta - 99 98 98 95 95 98 98 - 97 - - - - - -
Marshall Islands 99 98 85 84 88 61 89 72 44 62 - - 38 x 63 x - -
Mauritania 98 96 90 90 92 24 90 90 91 90 79 43 20 31 12 32
Mauritius 98 97 96 97 96 94 96 96 65 91 97 - - - - -
Mexico 89 89 85 85 76 74 85 85 80 78 98 73 x 61 x - - -
Micronesia
(Federated 77 98 79 79 86 59 85 67 35 73 - - - - - -
States of)
Monaco - 99 99 99 88 80 99 99 - - - - - - - -
Mongolia 99 98 96 97 96 96 96 96 - 96 - 76 58 - - -

30
TABLE 4. CHILD HEALTH

2017–2023 (R)
Immunization for vaccine preventable diseases (%)
2023 (J)
Pneumonia Diarrhoea Malaria

Care seeking
for children
Protection at Treatment
with Care seeking Children Households
birth (PAB) with oral
BCG DTP1 DTP3 Polio3 MCV1 MCV2 (F) HepB3 Hib3 Rota PCV3 symptoms of for children sleeping with at least
against rehydration
acute with fever (%) under ITNs (%) one ITN (%)
tetanus (G) salts (%)
Countries respiratory
and areas infection (%)

Montenegro 80 93 81 81 24 69 42 81 - - - 89 x 16 x 74 x - -
Montserrat - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Morocco 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 98 98 93 70 22 x - - -
Mozambique 93 90 70 78 65 44 70 70 60 55 84 73 50 64 43 57
Myanmar 80 80 76 80 74 65 76 76 69 78 88 59 x 62 x 65 x 19 x 27 x
Namibia 91 88 83 77 86 62 83 83 87 83 90 68 x 72 x 63 x 6x 24 x
Nauru 99 99 99 97 98 99 97 97 97 97 - 69 x 23 x 51 x - -
Nepal 97 96 94 93 93 89 94 94 92 88 93 58 38 78 - -
Netherlands
(Kingdom of the) - 97 92 92 89 81 86 90 - 88 - - - - - -

New Zealand - 93 88 88 89 84 88 88 83 86 - - - - - -
Nicaragua 79 89 89 90 85 95 89 89 90 90 90 67 x 95 x - - -
Niger 93 94 85 85 80 68 85 85 88 85 80 60 41 67 34 96
Nigeria 74 70 62 62 60 38 62 62 49 60 69 39 46 63 52 61
Niue 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 - - - - - -
North 93 92 86 86 73 88 86 86 68 56 - 93 x 62 x - - -
Macedonia
Norway - 99 96 96 96 94 96 96 95 95 - - - - - -
Oman 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 - 99 99 56 x 59 x - - -
Pakistan 96 94 86 86 84 80 86 86 90 86 86 71 37 81 0 4
Palau - 99 97 97 96 89 98 92 31 93 - - - - - -
Panama 99 88 66 66 78 73 66 66 84 69 - 82 x 52 x - - -
Papua New 43 45 35 46 52 41 35 35 - 29 63 63 30 50 52 69
Guinea
Paraguay 78 79 71 75 83 57 71 71 76 77 95 89 x 28 x 86 x - -
Peru 87 92 84 84 84 66 84 84 87 80 97 50 32 46 - -
Philippines 91 91 89 77 81 69 87 89 - 85 90 70 49 55 - -
Poland 90 99 94 85 91 86 90 94 87 88 - - - - - -
Portugal - 99 99 99 98 95 99 99 - 98 - - - - - -
Qatar 99 99 95 98 99 99 95 95 96 97 - - - - - -
Republic of 98 98 98 97 97 96 97 96 - 97 - - - - - -
Korea
Republic of 96 87 87 88 85 93 88 87 69 85 - 79 x 42 x - - -
Moldova
Romania 94 82 78 78 78 62 78 78 - 78 - - - - - -
Russian 96 97 97 97 97 97 97 95 - 93 - - - - - -
Federation
Rwanda 92 99 94 94 96 88 94 94 94 94 97 65 28 62 56 66
Saint Kitts and 95 98 96 96 95 94 97 96 - - - - - - - -
Nevis
Saint Lucia 92 96 74 97 85 83 74 74 - - - - - - - -
Saint Vincent
and the 98 98 94 99 90 92 94 94 - - - - - - - -
Grenadines
Samoa 99 99 83 84 87 75 83 83 85 93 - 72 59 63 - -
San Marino - 93 91 91 89 79 91 90 - 83 - - - - - -
Sao Tome and 80 86 86 85 86 90 86 86 51 86 99 82 42 62 63 78
Principe
Saudi Arabia 96 97 97 96 97 96 97 97 97 97 - - - - - -
Senegal 92 91 83 76 76 64 83 83 83 80 96 48 29 63 47 75
Serbia 98 97 93 93 84 91 93 93 - 82 - 90 x 36 x - - -
Seychelles 99 98 97 97 93 89 97 97 98 97 100 - - - - -
Sierra Leone 78 92 91 91 90 73 91 91 88 93 90 76 85 75 59 68
Singapore 98 98 98 98 97 92 97 98 - 93 - - - - - -
Slovakia - 96 96 96 94 95 96 96 - 96 - - - - - -
Slovenia - 92 89 89 95 89 89 89 - 58 - - - - - -
Solomon Islands 83 92 84 81 68 48 84 84 81 81 93 79 x 37 x 62 x 70 x 86 x
Somalia 37 52 42 47 46 13 42 42 - - 50 23 16 x 37 11 x 19 x
South Africa 79 81 79 79 80 84 79 79 78 84 88 66 x 51 x 68 x - -
South Sudan 72 76 73 72 72 - 73 73 - - 63 75 57 57 x 42 63
Spain - 97 93 93 96 92 93 93 66 92 - - - - - -
Sri Lanka 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 - - 99 52 x 54 x 92 x 4x 6x
State of
Palestine 87 88 88 89 89 89 91 88 83 87 - 77 35 - - -

Sudan 49 57 51 53 51 38 51 51 39 52 79 48 x 20 x - 30 x 25 x
Suriname - 82 72 72 71 52 72 72 - - 95 89 46 52 43 x 61 x
Sweden - 96 94 94 93 92 94 94 84 94 - - - - - -
Switzerland - 97 95 95 95 91 80 94 - 89 - - - - - -

31
TABLE 4. CHILD HEALTH

2017–2023 (R)
Immunization for vaccine preventable diseases (%)
2023 (J)
Pneumonia Diarrhoea Malaria

Care seeking
for children
Protection at Treatment
with Care seeking Children Households
birth (PAB) with oral
BCG DTP1 DTP3 Polio3 MCV1 MCV2 (F) HepB3 Hib3 Rota PCV3 symptoms of for children sleeping with at least
against rehydration
acute with fever (%) under ITNs (%) one ITN (%)
tetanus (G) salts (%)
Countries respiratory
and areas infection (%)

Syrian Arab 75 72 66 66 74 64 66 66 - - 88 77 x 50 x - - -
Republic
Tajikistan 99 98 96 97 98 96 96 96 97 31 - 69 62 44 1x 2x
Thailand 99 96 92 93 93 87 92 83 75 - 96 80 x 73 x 76 x - -
Timor-Leste 90 89 83 83 72 72 83 83 76 56 83 70 x 70 x 58 x 55 x 64 x
Togo 91 92 85 81 72 58 85 85 83 85 83 39 14 54 61 71
Tokelau - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Tonga 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 - - - 82 - -
Trinidad and
Tobago - 99 96 94 90 91 96 96 - 94 - 74 x 45 x - - -

Tunisia 85 99 97 97 96 97 97 97 - 97 98 98 40 74 - -
Türkiye 98 99 99 99 95 94 99 99 - 95 97 45 x - - - -
Turkmenistan 98 99 98 98 99 99 98 98 98 99 - 51 x 47 x 59 x - -
Turks and Caicos - - - - - - - - - - - - - 75 - -
Islands
Tuvalu 99 99 94 94 98 98 94 94 94 98 - - 46 76 - -
Uganda 95 95 91 89 93 21 91 91 86 91 81 71 x 47 x 87 60 83
Ukraine 84 93 83 85 92 87 79 78 - - - 92 x 59 x - - -
United Arab 98 98 96 96 98 94 96 96 91 94 - - - - - -
Emirates
United Kingdom - 97 92 92 90 85 92 92 90 89 - - - - - -
United Republic 95 98 93 84 91 78 93 93 84 92 90 52 x 39 78 59 67
of Tanzania
United States - 98 94 93 92 95 93 92 77 84 - - - - - -
Uruguay 99 98 95 95 96 90 95 95 - 94 - 91 x - - - -
Uzbekistan 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 89 99 - 68 x 67 - - -
Vanuatu 86 90 72 71 70 21 72 72 73 63 80 72 x 48 x 57 x 51 x 83 x
Venezuela
(Bolivarian 67 65 54 61 68 40 54 54 0 0 69 72 x 38 x - - -
Republic of)
Viet Nam 95 80 65 60 82 86 65 65 - - 96 73 58 - 9x 10 x
Yemen 54 57 46 46 45 45 46 46 47 45 76 35 18 42 - -
Zambia 81 83 80 81 90 75 80 80 40 78 83 75 67 77 52 78
Zimbabwe 96 93 90 90 90 77 90 90 55 90 90 48 33 50 x 15 37

SUMMARY

East Asia and 93 91 88 86 88 82 88 47 13 28 88 h - - - - -

Pacific
Europe and 94 97 95 95 95 91 92 94 40 86 - - - - - -
Central Asia
Eastern Europe
and Central Asia 96 97 96 96 95 94 95 95 29 85 - 75 46 - - -

Western 69 98 94 93 94 88 88 93 53 86 - - - - - -
Europe
Latin America
and the 83 89 83 81 82 67 83 82 74 73 94 76 52 - - -
Caribbean
Middle East and 89 90 87 86 88 85 87 87 31 36 87 66 38 59 - -
North Africa
North America - 98 94 93 92 94 92 92 78 84 - - - - - -
South Asia 91 93 90 90 90 87 90 90 79 83 91 65 58 75 4 7
Sub-Saharan 80 81 72 72 68 47 72 72 60 68 79 50 39 61 52 66
Africa
Eastern and 79 82 76 76 73 55 76 76 65 72 81 57 42 69 53 65
Southern Africa
West and
Central Africa 81 79 69 68 64 40 69 69 56 64 77 44 36 57 52 67

Least developed 80 82 74 74 70 51 74 74 54 69 81 51 42 56 53 -
countries
World 87 89 84 83 83 74 83 77 55 65 86 h 62 47 68 - -

For a complete list of countries and areas in the regions, subregions and country categories, see page on Regional Classifications or visit <https://data.unicef.org/regionalclassifications>. Sex
disaggregated data for specific child health indicators are available at <https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-health/>.
It is not advisable to compare data from consecutive editions of The State of the World’s Children report.

32
TABLE 4. CHILD HEALTH

NOTES DEFINITIONS OF THE INDICATORS two weeks preceding the survey and who received oral
- Data not available. BCG – Percentage of live births who received bacilli rehydration salts (ORS packets or pre−packaged ORS fluids).
x Data refer to years or periods other than those specified in Calmette−Guérin (vaccine against tuberculosis). Care seeking for children with fever – Percentage of
the column heading. Such data are not included in the DTP1 – Percentage of surviving infants who received the first children under age 5 with fever for whom advice or treatment
calculation of regional and global averages. Estimates from dose of diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus vaccine. was sought from a health facility or provider. Excludes drug
data years prior to 2000 are not displayed. DTP3 – Percentage of surviving infants who received three vendor, stores, shops and traditional healer. In some countries,
F Generally, the second dose of measles−containing vaccine doses of diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus vaccine. particularly non−malaria endemic countries, pharmacies have
(MCV2) is recommended for administration during the second Polio3 – Percentage of surviving infants who received three also been excluded from the calculation.
year of life; however, in many countries, MCV2 is scheduled doses of the polio vaccine. Children sleeping under ITNs – Percentage of children
after the second year. World Population Prospects (2024 MCV1 – Percentage of surviving infants who received the first under age 5 who slept under an insecticide−treated mosquito
revision) estimates of the second year of life target population dose of the measles−containing vaccine. net the night prior to the survey.
were used to calculate regional and global aggregates. MCV2 – Percentage of children who received the second dose Households with at least one ITN – Percentage of
G WHO and UNICEF use a complex process employing of measles−containing vaccine as per national schedule. households with at least one insecticide−treated mosquito net.
administrative data, surveys (routine and supplemental), HepB3 – Percentage of surviving infants who received three
serosurveys, and information on other vaccines to calculate the doses of hepatitis B vaccine.
percentage of births that can be considered as protected Hib3 – Percentage of surviving infants who received three MAIN DATA SOURCES
against tetanus because pregnant women were given two doses of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine. Immunization – WHO and UNICEF estimates of national
doses or more of tetanus toxoid (TT) vaccine. Rota – Percentage of surviving infants who received the last immunization coverage, 2023 revision. Last update: July 2024.
J For the calculation of regional and global vaccination dose of rotavirus vaccine as recommended. Care seeking for children with symptoms of Acute
coverage, the national coverage is considered to be 0 per cent PCV3 – Percentage of surviving infants who received three Respiratory Infection (ARI) – DHS, MICS and other national
for the countries that did not introduce the vaccine in their doses of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. household surveys. Last update: October 2024.
national schedule or did not report coverage, with the Protection at birth (PAB) – Percentage of newborns Diarrhoea treatment with oral rehydration salts (ORS) –
exception of BCG, which is only recommended in countries or protected at birth against tetanus with tetanus toxoid. DHS, MICS and other national household surveys. Last update:
settings with a high incidence of tuberculosis or high leprosy Care seeking for children with symptoms of Acute October 2024.
burden. World Population Prospects (2024 revision) estimates Respiratory Infection – Percentage of children under age 5 Care seeking for children with fever – DHS, MICS, MIS and
of target populations were used in the calculation of global and with symptoms of pneumonia (cough and fast or difficult other national household surveys. Last update: October 2024.
regional aggregates. breathing due to a problem in the chest) in the two weeks Children sleeping under ITNs – DHS, MICS, MIS and other
R Data refer to the most recent year available during the period preceding the survey for whom advice or treatment was sought national household surveys. Last update: October 2024.
specified in the column heading. from a health facility or provider. Households with at least one ITN – DHS, MICS, MIS and
h Excludes China. Diarrhoea treatment with oral rehydration salts – other national household surveys. Last update: October 2024.
Percentage of children under age 5 who had diarrhoea in the

33
 TABLE 5. ADOLESCENT HEALTH

This table contains a set of key indicators related to adolescent mortality, adolescent health and well-being. Mortality indicators
include the adolescent mortality rate for ages 10–19 years, the number of adolescent deaths as well as the annual rate of reduction in
the adolescent mortality rate. Reproductive health indicators presented in this table include adolescent birth rate (for age groups
10–14 years and 15–19 years), early childbearing (which refers to women aged 20–24 years who gave birth before age 18), demand
for family planning satisfied with modern methods among adolescents aged 15–19 years, and informed decisions for reproductive
health (sexual relations, contraceptive use and reproductive health care). The following maternal health indicators are presented for
adolescents aged 15–19 years: antenatal care with at least four visits and delivery-care indicators including skilled birth attendant,
institutional deliveries and births by C-section. The following risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are presented:
alcohol use among adolescents aged 15–19 years, tobacco use among adolescents aged 13–15 years and insufficient physical activity
among school-going adolescents aged 11–17 years. Though vaccination against the human papillomavirus (HPV) can benefit boys
and girls, HPV vaccination is presented for girls who received the last dose of the HPV vaccine per the national schedule.
WHO/UNICEF produce two main coverage indicators for HPV vaccination. One is the HPV vaccination programme performance
coverage that describes vaccination coverage according to a national schedule and the programme’s eligibility criteria for each
calendar year (the programme’s target population up to 14 years of age). The second describes HPV vaccination coverage by 15 years
of age, representing the proportion of the population turning 15 in the reporting year who have been vaccinated against HPV at any
time between the ages of 9 and 14 years, at any time up to the calendar year in question. Data are always reported at the national
level and may not necessarily show differences at the subnational level. Both indicators are calculated for the first dose (HPV1) and
the full recommended schedule (HPVc), and by sex. For the vaccines currently on the market, the schedule depends on age. The
general recommendation1 is a one- or two-dose schedule for girls aged 9–14 years and girls and women aged 15–20 years, and a
two-dose schedule for women aged 21 years and older. When using a two-dose schedule, the doses should be spaced a minimum of
six months apart. Individuals known to be immunocompromised or infected with HIV (regardless of age or antiretroviral therapy
status) should receive at least two doses and, where possible, three doses. To establish denominators, the methodology uses as a
default the UN Population Division country estimates. To address the different ways countries set and change eligibility criteria over
time, a normalization process is used to translate eligibility into denominators. This includes translating school-grade eligibility in
population cohorts and dealing with multiple cohort eligibility (changes) over time. For more details, see Laia Bruni et al. in Preventive
Medicine, <doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106399>.

Two new indicators were added to the last edition of this table: adolescent birth rate for girls aged 10–14 years, sourced from the UN
Population Division, and the percentage of adolescents and young women aged 15–19 years who make their own informed decisions
regarding sexual relations, contraceptive use and reproductive health care, sourced from household surveys. The latter indicator is
defined as the percentage of adolescents and young women aged 15–19 years (married or in union) who make their own decisions in
all three selected areas. That is, they (1) decide on health care for themselves, either alone or jointly with their husbands or partners,
(2) decide on use or non-use of contraception, either alone or jointly with their husbands or partners, and (3) can say no to sex with
their husband/partner. When all three criteria are met, an adolescent girl or young woman is considered to have autonomy in
reproductive health decision-making and to be empowered to exercise her reproductive rights.

THE STATE OF THE WORLD'S CHILDREN 2024 34

TABLE 5. ADOLESCENT HEALTH

Demand for
Annual rate of family
Informed Antenatal Skilled birth
Adolescent reduction in Births by age planning
Adolescent Adolescent birth decisions for care (%) (At attendant
mortality the 18 (%) satisfied with
deaths rate reproductive least 4 visits) (%) Risk factors (%)
rate adolescent 2017–2023 modern
2022 2017–2023 (R) health (%) 2017–2023 2017–2023
2022 mortality rate (R) methods (%)
2017–2023 (R) (R) (R) Girls
2010–2022 2017–2023
(R) vaccinated
against HPV
(%)
2023
Women
aged 20-24 Insufficient
Alcohol use (aged Tobacco use (aged
Aged Aged years who physical activity
Aged 10−19 Aged 10−19 Aged 10-19 Aged 15-19 Aged 15-19 Aged 15-19 Aged 15-19 15-19) 13-15)
10-14 15-19 gave birth (aged 11-17)
2016 2022
before age 2016
18
Countries
and areas Total Total Total Female Female Female Female Female Female Female Female Male Female Male Female Male Female

Afghanistan 17 16,544 -2.1 18 62 16 6x - 33 67 - 1 0 10 6 89 88

Albania 2 86 4.0 0 12 3 3 47 72 100 74 51 24 20 10 68 81
Algeria 4 2,660 2.2 0 11 1 28 - 69 97 - 2 1 17 3 76 91
Andorra 2 1 3.2 0 1 - - - - - 85 77 51 - - - -
Angola 18 14,454 3.5 11 x 163 x 38 x 8x 29 x 58 x 50 x - 46 21 20 19 - -
Anguilla 3 0 1.7 3x 37 x - - - - - - - - - - - -
Antigua and 3 5 3.7 0 33 - - - - - 1 48 22 8 7 74 85
Barbuda
Argentina 4 2,675 2.8 1 28 14 65 - 85 97 36 68 40 19 21 80 90
Armenia 6 188 -4.4 0 13 1x 3x 56 x 93 x 100 x 41 24 9 - - 73 83
Australia 2 594 1.2 0 7 - - - - - 71 81 57 - - 87 91
Austria 2 166 2.0 0 4 - - - - 98 53 80 56 - - 71 85
Azerbaijan 5 699 -0.6 0 37 4x 4x - 40 x 99 x - 18 7 - - - -
Bahamas 4 27 4.0 0x 26 x - - - - - 9 41 18 16 8 81 88
Bahrain 3 44 2.5 0 9 - - - - - - 5 2 27 10 75 87
Bangladesh 5 16,512 4.3 2 68 25 48 47 35 71 21 2 1 13 2 63 69
Barbados 3 11 2.9 1x 48 x 7x 51 x - - - 50 50 24 17 11 77 87
Belarus 2 204 5.8 0 12 3x - - 99 100 - 66 49 7 10 - -
Belgium 1 187 3.4 0 5 - - - - - 72 79 53 - - 79 88
Belize 6 44 2.8 1 51 17 x 37 x - 92 x 97 x 41 38 16 17 8 76 84
Benin 17 5,097 0.3 1 84 19 9 12 45 80 - 22 8 7 2 71 81
Bhutan 10 131 1.8 0 10 15 x 30 x - 66 x 40 x 87 24 9 31 14 83 85
Bolivia
(Plurinational 6 1,471 2.7 3x 71 x 20 x 32 x - 81 x 90 x 67 43 19 14 8 82 89
State of)
Bosnia and 2 70 0.7 0 10 - 12 x - - 100 x 5 47 22 28 21 - -
Herzegovina
Botswana 7 377 2.6 0 50 - 20 x - - - 32 28 11 27 21 86 89
Brazil 6 18,914 1.7 2 43 - 63 x - 89 - 73 37 16 - - 78 89
British Virgin 5 1 0.8 - 27 x - - - - - - - - - - - -
Islands
Brunei 3 17 1.0 0 9 - - - - - 83 30 19 14 4 81 94
Darussalam
Bulgaria 3 205 1.4 2 39 5x - - - - 6 68 40 - - 67 80
Burkina Faso 12 6,623 2.3 1 93 28 x 16 6 67 97 97 35 13 23 12 - -
Burundi 16 5,172 1.6 1x 58 x 13 21 34 49 91 - 28 11 21 17 - -
Cabo Verde 3 32 2.9 0 40 22 x 54 x 57 - 99 93 30 12 - - - -
Cambodia 7 2,066 1.0 0 48 7 32 76 82 98 91 28 11 4 3 90 93
Cameroon 19 12,243 1.0 2 105 28 9 19 58 67 66 38 15 14 6 - -
Canada 2 1,003 0.2 0 5 - - - - - 86 65 37 9 7 71 82
Central African 21 3,129 2.1 8 184 43 8 - 45 43 - 35 14 30 35 - -
Republic
Chad 24 10,316 1.6 4 138 44 4 - 34 x 42 - 19 7 11 12 - -
Chile 3 727 0.9 0 16 - 63 x - - - 83 68 40 - - 84 91
China 2 36,633 3.0 - 6 - - - - - - 53 28 - - 80 89
Colombia 6 4,724 1.2 2 47 20 x 61 x - 87 x 99 52 35 15 21 20 81 87
Comoros 5 86 3.5 2x 74 13 5 - 53 94 - 3 1 16 8 - -
Congo 7 996 3.9 6x 111 x 26 x 19 x - 76 x 92 x - 50 24 15 12 - -
Cook Islands 6 1 2.3 0 28 - - - - - 50 49 23 30 14 78 88
Costa Rica 4 280 0.5 1 26 13 62 - 92 98 66 33 14 - - 76 88
Côte d'Ivoire 14 9,547 2.6 2 96 25 x 17 10 50 84 73 36 14 - - - -
Croatia 3 103 -0.7 0 7 - - - - - 55 61 33 - - 70 84
Cuba 3 421 -1.0 1 47 10 67 - 76 100 - 44 20 13 10 - -
Cyprus 1 19 4.0 0 6 - - - - - 92 69 41 - - - -
Czechia 2 199 2.1 0 7 - - - - - 72 77 51 - - 73 82
Democratic
People's 6 1,898 2.8 0x 1x - - - - - - 38 17 - - - -
Republic of
Korea
Democratic
Republic of the 25 56,136 1.2 3x 109 x 25 10 - 46 87 - 34 14 - - - -
Congo
Denmark 1 85 2.6 0 1 - - - - - 80 77 51 - - 82 87
Djibouti 15 337 2.3 0x 21 x - 13 x - 19 x 83 x - 16 6 18 11 81 89
Dominica 4 5 0.9 1x 50 x - - - - - 65 43 19 30 20 82 86

35
TABLE 5. ADOLESCENT HEALTH

Demand for
Annual rate of family
Informed Antenatal Skilled birth
Adolescent reduction in Births by age planning
Adolescent Adolescent birth decisions for care (%) (At attendant
mortality the 18 (%) satisfied with
deaths rate reproductive least 4 visits) (%) Risk factors (%)
rate adolescent 2017–2023 modern
2022 2017–2023 (R) health (%) 2017–2023 2017–2023
2022 mortality rate (R) methods (%)
2017–2023 (R) (R) (R) Girls
2010–2022 2017–2023
(R) vaccinated
against HPV
(%)
2023
Women
aged 20-24 Insufficient
Alcohol use (aged Tobacco use (aged
Aged Aged years who physical activity
Aged 10−19 Aged 10−19 Aged 10-19 Aged 15-19 Aged 15-19 Aged 15-19 Aged 15-19 15-19) 13-15)
10-14 15-19 gave birth (aged 11-17)
2016 2022
before age 2016
18
Countries
and areas Total Total Total Female Female Female Female Female Female Female Female Male Female Male Female Male Female

Dominican 5 1,063 3.3 4 77 20 61 - 90 98 66 40 18 8 6 - -

Republic
Ecuador 6 1,840 1.0 2 52 - 63 - - 99 50 44 20 15 11 83 90
Egypt 6 11,395 0.7 1x 50 7x 19 x - 93 97 - 2 1 18 8 82 93
El Salvador 6 676 3.4 2 50 18 x 49 - 87 99 36 27 11 1 1 83 90
Equatorial
Guinea 17 565 2.4 - 176 x 42 x 10 x - - 70 x - 73 46 25 17 - -

Eritrea 11 1,031 2.5 1x 76 x 19 x 2x - 40 x 30 x 78 17 6 8 5 - -

Estonia 2 29 4.1 0 6 - - - - - 52 75 49 - - 81 88
Eswatini 11 279 1.7 1x 87 x 12 51 - 74 96 59 25 10 16 9 - -
Ethiopia 10 28,540 5.3 1 72 21 x 26 36 x 36 55 29 20 7 12 6 - -
Fiji 7 111 0.6 0 31 4 14 44 79 100 68 14 5 12 7 81 86
Finland 2 129 1.5 0 3 - - - - - 70 75 48 17 13 69 82
France 1 1,059 2.5 0 6 - 88 x - - - 45 78 52 - - 82 92
Gabon 11 553 3.1 3 100 20 21 25 69 91 x - 66 38 9 9 - -
Gambia 12 775 2.8 1 65 14 5 13 76 86 - 23 9 18 5 - -
Georgia 4 159 0.5 0 22 6 14 66 - 100 x 40 33 13 - - - -
Germany 2 1,196 1.2 0 6 - - - - - 54 82 58 - - 80 88
Ghana 11 8,031 2.1 2 63 12 27 32 83 88 - 22 8 9 8 87 88
Greece 1 151 4.6 1 7 - - - - - - 67 39 - - 80 89
Grenada 4 7 1.2 1 30 - - - - - 1 47 22 13 7 82 87
Guatemala 7 2,562 2.4 2 65 20 x 31 x - 85 x 70 x 48 24 9 20 14 85 89
Guinea 18 5,805 2.1 3 128 39 10 16 56 59 - 18 7 31 20 - -
Guinea-Bissau 16 789 2.2 2 85 27 7 - 81 62 - 25 10 12 10 - -
Guyana 7 101 2.1 1 65 14 25 - 84 99 40 37 15 19 10 82 86
Haiti 10 2,402 17.1 1x 55 x 14 25 47 55 37 - 32 13 20 19 - -
Holy See - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Honduras 7 1,483 0.8 3 97 22 x 56 - 85 94 61 26 10 10 6 80 88
Hungary 2 185 2.0 0 19 - - - - - 75 68 40 16 15 74 86
Iceland 1 7 2.8 0 3 - - - - - 84 73 45 - - 75 85
India 6 142,014 5.1 0 11 8 19 - 59 90 - 35 14 10 7 72 76
Indonesia 6 29,725 2.2 0x 36 x 7 44 - 65 87 29 19 7 36 4 85 87
Iran (Islamic 6 7,451 2.3 0 24 5x 26 x - - - - 3 1 13 8 - -
Republic of)
Iraq 7 6,466 1.0 2x 70 x 14 16 - 53 x 97 - 2 1 20 11 80 91
Ireland 1 80 5.9 0 4 - - - - - 84 83 60 - - 64 81
Israel 2 222 1.7 0 7 - - - - - 60 55 27 - - 80 90
Italy 1 772 2.9 0 3 - - - - - 46 65 36 - - 86 92
Jamaica 7 292 -0.5 0 36 15 x 54 - 85 x 97 x 8 32 13 16 15 - -
Japan 2 1,692 0.6 0 2 - - - - - 35 59 31 - - - -
Jordan 4 916 1.5 0x 17 5 19 43 87 100 - 2 1 34 14 81 88
Kazakhstan 4 1,270 3.5 0 20 2x 27 x - 98 x 99 x - 37 16 - - - -
Kenya 8 9,883 3.8 1 44 15 37 - 58 88 33 20 7 13 7 85 89
Kiribati 12 30 0.2 2 51 8 14 - 66 96 54 10 3 53 43 79 86
Kuwait 3 152 2.0 0 2 - - - - - - 0 0 24 10 79 90
Kyrgyzstan 4 537 0.6 0 30 3 7 - 82 100 46 22 8 10 2 - -
Lao People's
Democratic 8 1,239 4.9 3x 83 x 18 30 - 52 56 44 37 16 16 6 78 91
Republic
Latvia 2 46 3.6 0 9 - - - - - 71 78 52 25 21 76 84
Lebanon 5 547 -1.6 0x 17 x - 13 x - - - - 5 2 35 28 76 88
Lesotho 13 614 2.2 1 49 14 x 45 - 71 90 64 15 5 26 22 - -
Liberia 20 2,508 0.8 6 131 34 9 45 86 84 40 27 10 9 11 - -
Libya 4 522 1.9 0x 11 x - - - - - 54 0 0 11 5 78 89
Liechtenstein - - - 0 1 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Lithuania 3 65 5.0 0 6 - - - - - 43 82 59 - - 76 85
Luxembourg 1 8 1.9 0 3 - - - - - 14 93 80 - - 73 85
Madagascar 14 9,569 1.6 7 143 34 34 65 57 44 - 18 6 17 7 - -
Malawi 12 5,942 3.7 2 136 29 47 36 x 50 97 27 21 8 17 11 - -
Malaysia 3 1,565 4.2 0 6 - 21 x - 94 x 98 x 0 26 10 32 10 81 91
Maldives 3 19 2.6 0 5 1 5 45 82 99 61 6 2 48 43 78 86
Mali 18 10,028 0.9 5 145 37 9 3 42 71 - 19 7 23 9 - -

36
TABLE 5. ADOLESCENT HEALTH

Demand for
Annual rate of family
Informed Antenatal Skilled birth
Adolescent reduction in Births by age planning
Adolescent Adolescent birth decisions for care (%) (At attendant
mortality the 18 (%) satisfied with
deaths rate reproductive least 4 visits) (%) Risk factors (%)
rate adolescent 2017–2023 modern
2022 2017–2023 (R) health (%) 2017–2023 2017–2023
2022 mortality rate (R) methods (%)
2017–2023 (R) (R) (R) Girls
2010–2022 2017–2023
(R) vaccinated
against HPV
(%)
2023
Women
aged 20-24 Insufficient
Alcohol use (aged Tobacco use (aged
Aged Aged years who physical activity
Aged 10−19 Aged 10−19 Aged 10-19 Aged 15-19 Aged 15-19 Aged 15-19 Aged 15-19 15-19) 13-15)
10-14 15-19 gave birth (aged 11-17)
2016 2022
before age 2016
18
Countries
and areas Total Total Total Female Female Female Female Female Female Female Female Male Female Male Female Male Female

Malta 2 6 2.1 0 10 - - - - - 73 64 36 - - 77 86
Marshall Islands 8 7 1.6 0x 89 x 21 x 24 x - - 94 x 27 - - - - - -
Mauritania 9 1,034 0.1 6 90 23 9 20 56 x 70 14 1 0 20 19 83 91
Mauritius 4 68 0.3 1 20 - 32 x - - - 26 28 11 23 14 76 88
Mexico 6 12,146 0.6 1 44 21 x 50 - 94 x 99 x 62 40 17 22 18 79 88
Micronesia
(Federated 7 17 1.8 1x 33 x - - - - - 48 13 4 34 25 - -
States of)
Monaco 2 0 2.0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mongolia 5 278 1.2 0 21 4 36 - 90 100 - 29 12 21 7 74 83
Montenegro 3 20 -0.6 0 9 3 - - - - 19 54 27 - - - -
Montserrat 3 0 2.4 0 12 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Morocco 3 1,865 2.8 0 22 8x 45 - 45 92 - 2 1 7 4 85 90
Mozambique 15 11,239 2.9 7 158 43 14 19 46 75 x 57 18 7 5 6 83 91
Myanmar 5 4,433 5.5 1x 37 x 5x 53 x 53 x 47 x 61 x 77 24 9 26 4 84 90
Namibia 13 690 1.6 4x 64 x 15 x 32 x - 58 x 88 x - 27 10 14 9 87 88
Nauru 7 1 1.8 0x 56 22 x - - - 91 x - 19 7 26 27 84 90
Nepal 6 3,727 2.4 0 71 15 14 37 75 80 - 25 9 10 5 82 85
Netherlands 2 296 0.7 0 2 - - - - - 60 74 47 - - 77 84
(Kingdom of the)
New Zealand 3 163 2.9 0 11 - - - - - 66 76 51 - - 85 93
Nicaragua 6 771 2.0 5 79 28 x 71 x - 84 x 88 x - 29 11 16 12 - -
Niger 22 13,925 2.2 3 150 48 x 9 - 35 43 - 17 6 12 6 - -
Nigeria 14 72,824 2.1 2 75 21 5 9 49 35 27 52 22 19 11 - -
Niue 7 0 1.8 0 0 - - - - - 100 30 12 23 19 86 89
North 2 54 0.4 0 14 4 - - - 100 x 40 53 26 - - 74 84
Macedonia
Norway 2 102 2.8 0 1 - - - - - 94 81 57 - - 79 89
Oman 4 219 0.8 0 6 2x 11 x - 92 x 99 x - 5 2 9 4 78 90
Pakistan 9 45,754 2.1 0x 41 7 6 11 44 76 - 1 0 13 7 85 89
Palau 9 2 0.6 0 35 - - - - - 25 - - 24 25 76 82
Panama 5 379 2.9 2 62 - 38 x - 84 x 99 x 66 45 21 9 6 - -
Papua New 10 2,066 1.7 1x 68 x 14 x 17 37 54 61 - 11 4 40 28 - -
Guinea
Paraguay 6 718 1.9 3x 72 x - 69 x - 92 x 97 x 22 33 13 9 7 79 88
Peru 3 2,007 3.1 1 34 11 60 - 93 x 94 74 51 25 8 6 83 87
Philippines 6 13,602 0.4 0x 47 6 34 77 76 89 10 30 12 18 7 93 94
Poland 3 955 1.7 0 6 - - - - - - 69 41 - - 74 84
Portugal 2 180 1.7 0 6 - - - - - 90 72 44 - - 78 91
Qatar 3 50 4.5 0 5 - - - - - - 32 13 16 9 86 91
Republic of 2 706 2.5 0 0 - - - - - 65 64 36 - - 91 97
Korea
Republic of 4 155 -0.1 0 27 4x 36 x - 96 x 100 x 44 67 39 20 12 73 78
Moldova
Romania 3 560 3.6 1 34 - - - - - 6 69 41 - - 73 87
Russian 4 6,623 2.9 0 13 - 42 x - - - - 45 34 12 12 81 88
Federation
Rwanda 10 3,252 2.7 0 31 6 53 53 44 98 0 32 13 13 10 - -
Saint Kitts and
Nevis 7 5 1.1 0x 74 x - - - - - 64 54 27 10 8 79 86

Saint Lucia 5 14 -1.0 1 24 - - - - - 81 48 23 14 8 83 86

Saint Vincent
and the 8 13 -2.3 2 37 - - - - - - 44 20 10 9 83 89
Grenadines
Samoa 4 19 1.2 0 55 7 5 - 70 94 87 13 5 23 8 88 87
San Marino 1 0 3.5 0x 1 - - - - - 52 - - 7 7 - -
Sao Tome and 7 39 3.1 0 86 22 42 - 81 x 98 80 30 12 31 23 - -
Principe
Saudi Arabia 5 2,732 2.7 0x 8 - 5 - 86 - 39 3 2 11 8 - -
Senegal 9 3,728 4.1 4 67 18 9 2 29 77 25 18 7 12 7 85 92
Serbia 2 163 1.0 0 13 3 8x - 95 x 98 x 2 61 33 - - - -
Seychelles 6 8 -0.3 1 46 - - - - - 54 52 26 27 16 79 87
Sierra Leone 26 5,096 1.5 4 102 31 14 22 82 90 39 27 11 15 10 - -
Singapore 2 81 -0.1 0 3 - - - - - 69 71 43 - - 70 83
Slovakia 2 125 1.6 0 26 - - - - - 10 70 42 - - 66 78

37
TABLE 5. ADOLESCENT HEALTH

Demand for
Annual rate of family
Informed Antenatal Skilled birth
Adolescent reduction in Births by age planning
Adolescent Adolescent birth decisions for care (%) (At attendant
mortality the 18 (%) satisfied with
deaths rate reproductive least 4 visits) (%) Risk factors (%)
rate adolescent 2017–2023 modern
2022 2017–2023 (R) health (%) 2017–2023 2017–2023
2022 mortality rate (R) methods (%)
2017–2023 (R) (R) (R) Girls
2010–2022 2017–2023
(R) vaccinated
against HPV
(%)
2023
Women
aged 20-24 Insufficient
Alcohol use (aged Tobacco use (aged
Aged Aged years who physical activity
Aged 10−19 Aged 10−19 Aged 10-19 Aged 15-19 Aged 15-19 Aged 15-19 Aged 15-19 15-19) 13-15)
10-14 15-19 gave birth (aged 11-17)
2016 2022
before age 2016
18
Countries
and areas Total Total Total Female Female Female Female Female Female Female Female Male Female Male Female Male Female

Slovenia 1 28 4.3 0 3 - - - - - 45 73 46 - - 75 86
Solomon Islands 6 92 1.9 - 78 x 15 x 7x - - 88 x 69 11 4 30 24 82 85
Somalia 26 10,875 2.3 1 116 27 1 - 4x 31 - 1 0 16 12 - -
South Africa 11 11,114 1.8 1x 71 x 15 x 47 x 46 x 77 x 97 x 72 27 11 - - - -
South Sudan 24 6,909 0.6 6x 158 x 28 x 1x - 21 x 25 x - - - - - - -
Spain 1 640 2.7 0 5 - 82 x - - - 75 70 42 - - 70 84
Sri Lanka 3 918 8.0 0x 17 x 3x 38 x - - 99 x 25 26 10 13 3 82 89
State of 5 550 1.5 0 43 6 15 - 96 99 - - - 43 20 - -
Palestine
Sudan 13 12,431 2.2 2x 87 x 22 x 6x - 49 x 77 x - 2 1 15 7 90 91
Suriname 7 76 -0.2 2 46 - 23 - 66 99 0 39 17 17 7 78 85
Sweden 2 190 1.5 0 2 - - - - - 88 75 48 16 15 82 87
Switzerland 2 129 1.6 0 1 - - - - - 70 83 60 - - 83 89
Syrian Arab 6 3,254 -1.5 - 54 x 9x 8x - - 97 x - 2 0 32 17 84 91
Republic
Tajikistan 3 528 2.0 0 42 1 3 6 67 96 - 17 6 3 3 - -
Thailand 8 6,683 0.9 1 24 7 69 - 81 100 8 38 16 22 8 70 85
Timor-Leste 19 597 -4.9 0x 42 x 7x 8x 38 x 85 58 x - 19 7 42 21 86 93
Togo 12 2,314 2.7 3x 79 x 17 17 - 47 64 46 22 8 6 2 - -
Tokelau - - - - 18 x - - - - - - - - - - - -
Tonga 4 9 3.3 0x 30 3 - - 90 100 30 12 4 28 8 87 85
Trinidad and 6 123 0.9 1x 36 x 6x 13 - 81 x 99 x 8 58 30 17 11 79 86
Tobago
Tunisia 5 833 -0.8 0 4 1 20 x - - - - 4 1 19 5 75 88
Türkiye 3 3,990 3.0 0 12 5 19 - 83 x 99 - 6 2 23 12 77 86
Turkmenistan 6 604 1.5 0 22 1 8 10 96 100 99 26 10 0 0 - -
Turks and Caicos 3 1 1.1 1 18 12 - - - - - - - - - - -
Islands
Tuvalu 6 1 2.2 0 44 5 - - - 100 x 84 12 4 30 14 85 89
Uganda 18 20,616 0.2 1 111 28 x 21 44 x 59 x 80 x 98 34 14 12 9 84 87
Ukraine 9 4,111 -6.2 0 13 4x 38 x - 87 x 99 x - 53 37 - - 71 83
United Arab 3 182 2.4 0 3 - - - - - 39 11 4 18 8 78 87
Emirates
United Kingdom 1 1,140 2.6 0 8 - - - - - 68 75 49 - - 75 85
United Republic 10 14,829 1.7 1 112 25 15 34 48 x 85 91 34 14 7 2 78 86
of Tanzania
United States 4 18,509 -2.1 0 14 - 68 - - - 52 73 46 - - 64 81
Uruguay 5 218 0.6 0 27 - - - 96 100 x 41 71 43 10 14 75 89
Uzbekistan 5 2,860 -0.5 0 36 2x 2 26 91 99 x 96 17 6 2 1 - -
Vanuatu 6 40 1.4 - 81 x 13 x 26 x - - 93 x 41 11 4 20 15 86 89
Venezuela
(Bolivarian 13 6,982 -0.8 3 76 24 x - - - - - 35 14 16 12 85 93
Republic of)
Viet Nam 4 6,059 1.8 0x 29 8 25 - 55 x 87 x - 33 13 4 2 82 91
Yemen 10 7,900 -0.8 1x 77 15 10 x - 37 52 x - 1 0 24 10 83 90
Zambia 12 5,573 3.0 3 135 31 38 37 59 84 56 24 9 25 26 89 89
Zimbabwe 16 6,125 1.0 1 87 24 45 x 48 x 71 89 24 15 5 22 16 85 89

SUMMARY

East Asia and

Pacific 4 110,427 2.0 0 15 - 70 - 77 91 13 44 22 - - 82 89

Europe and 3 31,467 1.6 0 12 - 64 - 91 99 - 53 34 - - 76 86

Central Asia
Eastern Europe
and Central Asia 4 23,291 1.2 0 18 - 57 - 91 100 15 31 19 - - 74 84

Western 2 8,175 2.4 0 5 - 79 - - - 55 75 49 - - 77 86

Europe
Latin America
and the 6 63,184 2.9 2 51 - 72 - 91 97 56 41 18 14 13 80 88
Caribbean
Middle East and 6 47,960 1.0 1 35 - 55 - 75 95 4 3 1 19 9 80 90
North Africa
North America 4 19,512 -2.0 0 12 - 83 - - - 55 72 45 - - 65 81
South Asia 6 225,619 4.1 0 26 10 44 - 54 84 2 26 11 - - 74 79

38
TABLE 5. ADOLESCENT HEALTH

Demand for
Annual rate of family
Informed Antenatal Skilled birth
Adolescent reduction in Births by age planning
Adolescent Adolescent birth decisions for care (%) (At attendant
mortality the 18 (%) satisfied with
deaths rate reproductive least 4 visits) (%) Risk factors (%)
rate adolescent 2017–2023 modern
2022 2017–2023 (R) health (%) 2017–2023 2017–2023
2022 mortality rate (R) methods (%)
2017–2023 (R) (R) (R) Girls
2010–2022 2017–2023
(R) vaccinated
against HPV
(%)
2023
Women
aged 20-24 Insufficient
Alcohol use (aged Tobacco use (aged
Aged Aged years who physical activity
Aged 10−19 Aged 10−19 Aged 10-19 Aged 15-19 Aged 15-19 Aged 15-19 Aged 15-19 15-19) 13-15)
10-14 15-19 gave birth (aged 11-17)
2016 2022
before age 2016
18
Countries
and areas Total Total Total Female Female Female Female Female Female Female Female Male Female Male Female Male Female

Sub-Saharan
Africa 15 412,146 2.1 3 93 25 43 - 53 68 - 30 12 17 11 - -

Eastern and
Southern Africa 13 180,013 2.6 3 90 - 55 - 55 75 39 23 9 13 9 - -

West and 17 232,133 1.7 3 97 24 25 12 52 62 23 37 15 21 14 - -

Central Africa
Least developed
countries 13 334,354 2.2 3 91 25 52 - 51 73 - 19 7 17 10 - -

World 7 910,317 1.9 1 39 13 53 - 61 78 20 35 17 17 h 10 78 86

For a complete list of countries and areas in the regions, subregions and country categories, see page on Regional Classifications or visit <https://data.unicef.org/regionalclassifications>.
It is not advisable to compare data from consecutive editions of The State of the World’s Children report.

NOTES Antenatal care (at least four visits) – Percentage of Adolescent birth rate – Global SDG Indicators Database,
- Data not available. adolescent girls and young women (aged 15–19) attended by 2024. Last update: September 2024.
x Data refer to years or periods other than those specified in any provider at least four times. Births by age 18 – DHS, MICS and other national household
the column heading. Such data are not included in the Skilled birth attendant – Percentage of births from surveys. Last update: October 2024.
calculation of regional and global averages. Estimates from adolescent girls and young women (aged 15–19), attended by Demand for family planning satisfied with modern
data years prior to 2000 are not displayed. skilled heath personnel (typically a doctor, nurse or midwife). methods (adolescent girls and young women 15–19) –
R Data refer to the most recent year available during the period Girls vaccinated against HPV (%) – Percentage of girls who United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs,
specified in the column heading. received the last dose of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine Population Division (2024). World Contraceptive Use 2024. New
h Excludes China. per national schedule. York: United Nations; based on Demographic and Health
Alcohol use – Percentage of adolescents aged 15−19 who had Surveys (DHS), Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS),
at least one alcoholic drink at any time during the last twelve Reproductive Health Surveys, other national surveys, and
DEFINITIONS OF THE INDICATORS months. National Health Information Systems (HIS). Last Update: July
Adolescent mortality rate – The probability of dying among Tobacco use – Percentage of adolescents aged 13−15 who 2024.
adolescents aged 10-19 years expressed per 1,000 adolescents smoked cigarettes or used smoked or smokeless tobacco Informed decisions – DHS, MICS and other national
aged 10. products at any time during the last one month. household surveys. Last update: October 2024.
Adolescent deaths – Number of deaths aged 10 to 19 years. Insufficient physical activity – Percentage of school going Antenatal care (at least four visits) (adolescent girls and
Annual rate of reduction in adolescent mortality rate – adolescents aged 11-17 not meeting WHO recommendations young women 15-19) – DHS, MICS and other national
The annual rate of reduction in adolescent mortality rate (AMR) on physical activity for health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of household surveys. Last update: October 2024.
defined as AMR=100*(ln(AMRt2/AMRt1)/(t1-t2)), where t1=2000 moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily. Skilled birth attendant (adolescent girls and young
and t2=2021. women 15-19) – DHS, MICS and other national household
Adolescent birth rate – Number of births per 1,000 surveys. Last update: March 2024.
adolescent girls and young women aged 10–14 and 15–19. MAIN DATA SOURCES Girls vaccinated against HPV – WHO/UNICEF estimates of
Births by age 18 – Percentage of women aged 20–24 who Adolescent mortality rate – United Nations Inter-agency human papillomavirus (HPV) immunization coverage, 2023
gave birth before age 18. The indicator refers to women who Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UNICEF, World Health revision. Last update: July 2024.
had a live birth in a recent time period, generally two years for Organization, United Nations Population Division and the World Alcohol use – WHO estimates based on international surveys
MICS and five years for DHS. Bank Group). Last update: January 2023. (WHS, STEPS, GENACIS, and ECAS) as well as national surveys.
Demand for family planning satisfied with modern Adolescent deaths – United Nations Inter-agency Group for Last update: October 2018.
methods – Percentage of adolescent girls and young women Child Mortality Estimation (UNICEF, World Health Organization, Tobacco use – WHO Global Health Observatory, based on
(aged 15–19) who have their need for family planning satisfied United Nations Population Division and the World Bank Group). School-based surveys, other national surveys and censuses.
with modern methods. Last update: January 2023. Last update: October 2024.
Informed decisions – Percentage of adolescent girls and Annual rate of reduction in the adolescent mortality rate Insufficient physical activity – Main data sources included
young women (aged 15-19) years who make their own – United Nations Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality the Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS), the
informed decisions regarding sexual relations, contraceptive Estimation (UNICEF, World Health Organization, United Nations Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC), and some
use and reproductive health care. Population Division and the World Bank Group). Last update: other national surveys; Data host: WHO Global Status Report
January 2023. on NCDs. Last update: November 2019.

39
 TABLES 6 AND 7: HIV/AIDS

In 2024, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/ AIDS (UNAIDS) released new global, regional and country-level HIV and AIDS
estimates for 2023 that reflect the most up-to-date epidemiological estimates. The estimates also reflect coverage data for
antiretroviral therapy (ART), prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) and early infant diagnosis for HIV. The estimates are
based on the most current available science and WHO programme guidelines. These guidelines have resulted in improvements in
assumptions of the probability of HIV transmission from mother-to-child, fertility among women by age and HIV serostatus, net
survival rates for children living with HIV and more. Based on this refined methodology, UNAIDS has retrospectively generated new
estimates of HIV prevalence, the number of people living with HIV and those needing treatment, AIDS-related deaths, new HIV
infections and other important trends in the HIV epidemic.

Key indicators on the HIV response for children are divided into two tables: Table 6. HIV/AIDS: Epidemiology and Table 7. HIV/AIDS:
Intervention coverage.

Epidemiology

Table 6 includes key indicators used to measure trends in the HIV epidemic. Data are disaggregated by children under age 15 (0–14
years) who are all assumed to have acquired HIV through mother-to-child transmission). In addition, adolescents aged 15–19 years
living with HIV include new HIV infections that occur through sexual transmission and injection drug use, depending on the country
context. Due to significant gender disparity among adolescents evident in HIV epidemic trends and programmatic response,
disaggregates by sex are now included for all HIV/ AIDS epidemiology indicators. For better comparison between countries and
regions, the indicator on the number of new HIV infections has been replaced with HIV incidence per 1,000 uninfected population.
Similarly, the number of AIDS-related deaths has been replaced with AIDS-related mortality per 100,000 population. These two
indicators provide relative measures of new HIV infections and AIDS-related deaths and more accurately demonstrate the impact of
the HIV response.

Interventions

Table 7 includes indicators on essential interventions in the HIV response for children. These coverage indicators have been revised
from previous editions of The State of the World’s Children to better reflect progress in current HIV/AIDS programmes and policy. For
example, the indicator for early infant HIV diagnosis captures information on what percentage of HIV-exposed infants received an HIV
test within two months of birth. All coverage indicators are calculated from the most recent and reliable data available from
population-based surveys and programme service statistics.

Each coverage indicator is aggregated regionally or globally using a population weighted average. Due to sometimes sparse data,
indicators from population-based surveys are only aggregated if the data in that area represent at least 50 per cent of the adolescent
population.

THE STATE OF THE WORLD'S CHILDREN 2024 40

TABLE 6. HIV/AIDS: EPIDEMIOLOGY

HIV incidence per 1,000 uninfected population AIDS-related mortality per 100,000 population Number of children living with HIV

Countries Children 0–14

Adolescents Adolescent girls Adolescent boys
Children 0–14
Adolescents Adolescent girls Adolescent boys
Children 0–14
Adolescents Adolescent girls Adolescent boys
and areas 15–19 15–19 15–19 10–19 10–19 10–19 10–19 10–19 10–19

Afghanistan <0.01 0.02 <0.01 0.03 0.18 0.05 0.04 0.05 <500 <500 <100 <200
Albania - 0.04 <0.01 0.07 - - - - - - - -
Algeria 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.03 0.43 0.05 0.06 0.04 1,300 720 <500 <500
Andorra - - - - - - - - - - - -
Angola 0.52 0.52 0.9 0.14 17.57 8.91 8.89 8.94 32,000 23,000 14,000 9,200
Anguilla - - - - - - - - - - - -
Antigua and - - - - - - - - - - - -
Barbuda
Argentina - 0.13 0.15 0.11 - - - - - - - -
Armenia 0.01 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.15 0.03 0.03 0.03 <100 <100 <100 <100
Australia - <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 - - - - - - - -
Austria - - - - - - - - - - - -
Azerbaijan 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.19 0.06 0.06 0.06 <200 <200 <100 <100
Bahamas - 0.32 0.22 0.42 - - - - - - - -
Bahrain - - - - - - - - - - - -
Bangladesh <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.06 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <500 <500 <200 <200
Barbados - 0.34 0.24 0.43 - - - - - - - -
Belarus - 0.05 0.05 0.05 - - - - - - - -
Belgium - - - - - - - - - - - -
Belize 0.25 0.21 0.21 0.2 5.64 0.93 0.93 0.93 <100 <100 <100 <100
Benin 0.2 0.1 0.17 0.03 6.78 5.54 5.3 5.77 6,600 5,800 3,000 2,800
Bhutan - 0.03 0.04 0.01 - - - - - - - -
Bolivia
(Plurinational 0.07 0.04 0.05 0.04 1.5 0.49 0.5 0.49 710 550 <500 <500
State of)
Bosnia and - <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 - - - - - - - -
Herzegovina
Botswana 0.38 2.55 4.49 0.67 9.68 24.69 27.61 21.85 5,100 8,800 5,100 3,700
Brazil - - - - - - - - - - - -
British Virgin - - - - - - - - - - - -
Islands
Brunei - - - - - - - - - - - -
Darussalam
Bulgaria - 0.05 0.03 0.07 - - - - - - - -
Burkina Faso 0.25 0.07 0.11 0.03 7.13 4.72 4.31 5.11 9,500 8,100 4,200 3,900
Burundi 0.21 0.13 0.22 0.03 4.02 2.26 2.2 2.33 4,000 4,800 2,600 2,200
Cabo Verde 0.17 0.16 0.24 0.07 2.28 0.88 0.9 0.87 <100 <100 <100 <100
Cambodia 0.03 0.2 0.1 0.31 0.9 0.71 0.68 0.74 1,700 3,400 1,600 1,900
Cameroon - - - - - - - - - - - -
Canada - 0.02 0.02 0.01 - - - - - - - -
Central African - - - - - - - - - - - -
Republic
Chad 0.43 0.33 0.54 0.13 12.37 6.66 6.57 6.74 12,000 9,300 5,200 4,100
Chile 0.01 0.19 0.06 0.32 - - - - <200 810 <200 620
China - - - - - - - - - - - -
Colombia - 0.05 0.04 0.07 - - - - - - - -
Comoros - <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 - - - - - - - -
Congo 2.05 2.15 4.03 0.32 55.2 15.31 16.75 13.89 10,000 8,000 5,600 2,400
Cook Islands - - - - - - - - - - - -
Costa Rica 0.04 0.29 0.03 0.55 0.75 0.38 0.26 0.49 <200 <500 <100 <500
Côte d'Ivoire 0.29 0.27 0.52 0.03 6.63 6.61 6.13 7.09 18,000 21,000 12,000 9,400
Croatia - - - - - - - - - - - -
Cuba 0.02 0.36 0.19 0.52 0.41 0.35 0.23 0.47 <200 640 <200 <500
Cyprus - - - - - - - - - - - -
Czechia - 0.02 <0.01 0.04 - - - - - - - -
Democratic
People's - - - - - - - - - - - -
Republic of
Korea
Democratic
Republic of the 0.28 0.12 0.19 0.06 5.62 2.94 2.83 3.04 50,000 33,000 18,000 15,000
Congo
Denmark - - - - - - - - - - - -
Djibouti 0.33 0.09 0.13 0.04 8.01 8.5 8.9 8.1 <500 <500 <500 <200
Dominica - - - - - - - - - - - -
Dominican 0.15 0.48 0.6 0.36 7.77 2.36 2.41 2.3 2,800 3,000 1,700 1,300
Republic
Ecuador 0.08 0.19 0.15 0.22 0.91 0.27 0.27 0.27 1,100 1,400 620 750
Egypt 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.03 0.41 0.03 0.04 0.03 910 850 560 <500
El Salvador 0.05 0.18 0.14 0.23 1.35 0.41 0.4 0.42 <500 510 <500 <500
Equatorial - - - - - - - - - - - -
Guinea
Eritrea 0.08 0.07 0.12 0.02 1.87 1.34 1.34 1.35 <500 630 <500 <500
Estonia - 0.02 0.03 0.02 - - - - - - - -

41
TABLE 6. HIV/AIDS: EPIDEMIOLOGY

HIV incidence per 1,000 uninfected population AIDS-related mortality per 100,000 population Number of children living with HIV

Countries Children 0–14

Adolescents Adolescent girls Adolescent boys
Children 0–14
Adolescents Adolescent girls Adolescent boys
Children 0–14
Adolescents Adolescent girls Adolescent boys
and areas 15–19 15–19 15–19 10–19 10–19 10–19 10–19 10–19 10–19

Eswatini 1.66 3.78 5.81 1.8 26.25 42.04 43.89 40.2 5,600 8,000 4,300 3,700
Ethiopia 0.08 0.08 0.15 0.02 2.65 2.48 2.42 2.54 27,000 33,000 18,000 16,000
Fiji 0.26 0.13 0.19 0.06 3.98 0.18 0.22 0.13 <100 <100 <100 <100
Finland - - - - - - - - - - - -
France - 0.04 0.04 0.04 - - - - - - - -
Gabon 1.13 1.03 1.94 0.12 32.51 13.17 14.09 12.25 2,400 2,300 1,400 840
Gambia 0.53 0.14 0.25 0.03 15.12 6.45 6.11 6.78 1,900 1,200 640 560
Georgia 0.03 0.05 0.06 0.03 0.52 0.03 0.04 0.02 <100 <100 <100 <100
Germany - - - - - - - - - - - -
Ghana 0.41 0.46 0.71 0.21 11.81 7.68 7.38 7.96 18,000 16,000 9,200 7,200
Greece - 0.01 <0.01 0.01 - - - - - - - -
Grenada - - - - - - - - - - - -
Guatemala 0.12 0.07 0.07 0.08 2.48 0.56 0.58 0.55 1,800 1,600 780 830
Guinea 0.52 0.55 0.87 0.23 14.56 6.09 5.96 6.21 11,000 7,900 4,700 3,100
Guinea-Bissau 0.96 0.36 0.55 0.17 24.14 12.01 10.94 13.07 2,200 2,000 1,100 930
Guyana 0.61 0.23 0.36 0.11 13.09 2.41 2.37 2.45 <500 <500 <200 <200
Haiti 0.76 0.5 0.86 0.14 13.44 2.15 2.23 2.06 6,400 5,100 3,200 2,000
Holy See - - - - - - - - - - - -
Honduras 0.06 <0.01 <0.01 0.01 1.75 0.64 0.67 0.6 650 790 <500 <500
Hungary - - - - - - - - - - - -
Iceland - <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 - - - - - - - -
India - - - - - - - - 61,000 - - -
Indonesia 0.12 0.16 0.09 0.22 3.05 0.64 0.6 0.68 17,000 15,000 5,700 9,600
Iran (Islamic 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.32 0.07 0.07 0.06 910 890 <500 <500
Republic of)
Iraq - - - - - - - - - - - -
Ireland - 0.07 0.06 0.08 - - - - - - - -
Israel - 0.02 <0.01 0.03 - - - - - - - -
Italy - 0.02 <0.01 0.03 - - - - - - - -
Jamaica 0.17 0.59 0.66 0.52 4.69 1.78 1.77 1.8 <500 730 <500 <500
Japan - - - - - - - - - - - -
Jordan - <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 - - - - - - - -
Kazakhstan - 0.02 0.01 0.03 - - - - - - - -
Kenya 0.49 0.34 0.62 0.07 12.24 10.86 10.66 11.05 75,000 89,000 48,000 41,000
Kiribati - - - - - - - - - - - -
Kuwait - 0.07 0.06 0.09 - - - - - - - -
Kyrgyzstan 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.02 1.08 0.28 0.29 0.27 <500 <500 <500 <500
Lao People's
Democratic 0.08 0.23 0.16 0.31 1.4 0.43 0.38 0.47 610 720 <500 <500
Republic
Latvia - 0.05 0.06 0.04 - - - - - - - -
Lebanon - 0.02 <0.01 0.03 - - - - - - - -
Lesotho 1.8 3.09 5.56 0.7 44.3 34.57 35.86 33.29 6,400 9,800 5,600 4,200
Liberia 0.29 0.2 0.32 0.07 9.42 6.57 6.34 6.8 2,700 2,800 1,500 1,300
Libya - - - - 0.46 0.12 0.13 0.1 <200 <200 <200 <100
Liechtenstein - - - - - - - - - - - -
Lithuania - 0.06 0.07 0.05 - - - - - - - -
Luxembourg - 0.03 0.03 0.03 - - - - - - - -
Madagascar - - - - 4.75 0.73 0.75 0.72 3,700 1,700 1,100 640
Malawi 0.67 0.64 1.18 0.09 15.79 18.99 18.43 19.55 50,000 64,000 34,000 29,000
Malaysia <0.01 0.03 0.02 0.05 0.02 0.04 0.03 0.04 <500 <500 <200 <500
Maldives - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mali 0.4 0.39 0.6 0.18 10.86 4.39 4.49 4.29 12,000 9,200 5,500 3,700
Malta - 0.18 0.05 0.3 - - - - - - - -
Marshall Islands - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mauritania 0.07 0.02 0.03 <0.01 1.89 0.97 0.95 0.99 <500 <500 <200 <200
Mauritius 0.24 0.5 0.63 0.37 4.2 0.7 0.86 0.54 <100 <200 <100 <100
Mexico 0.05 0.25 0.13 0.36 1.11 0.23 0.18 0.27 3,300 8,700 2,700 6,000
Micronesia
(Federated - - - - - - - - - - - -
States of)
Monaco - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mongolia - <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 - - - - - - - -
Montenegro - 0.04 0.02 0.06 - - - - - - - -
Montserrat - - - - - - - - - - - -
Morocco - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mozambique 2.23 4.25 7.09 1.45 52.38 35.46 39.38 31.55 150,000 150,000 91,000 55,000
Myanmar 0.2 0.46 0.51 0.41 4.23 1.09 1.18 1.0 8,500 11,000 5,800 5,000
Namibia 1.48 3.24 5.78 0.68 37.23 35.44 36.91 33.95 8,500 12,000 7,300 5,100
Nauru - - - - - - - - - - - -

42
TABLE 6. HIV/AIDS: EPIDEMIOLOGY

HIV incidence per 1,000 uninfected population AIDS-related mortality per 100,000 population Number of children living with HIV

Countries Children 0–14

Adolescents Adolescent girls Adolescent boys
Children 0–14
Adolescents Adolescent girls Adolescent boys
Children 0–14
Adolescents Adolescent girls Adolescent boys
and areas 15–19 15–19 15–19 10–19 10–19 10–19 10–19 10–19 10–19

Nepal 0.02 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.14 0.02 0.02 0.02 1,100 1,100 520 530
Netherlands - 0.01 <0.01 0.02 - - - - - - - -
(Kingdom of the)
New Zealand - <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 - - - - - - - -
Nicaragua 0.04 0.26 0.16 0.37 0.63 0.28 0.24 0.31 <200 600 <500 <500
Niger 0.09 0.01 0.02 <0.01 2.38 0.95 0.81 1.08 3,100 2,100 1,100 1,000
Nigeria 0.63 0.24 0.37 0.11 16.09 5.46 5.36 5.56 160,000 100,000 54,000 46,000
Niue - - - - - - - - - - - -
North
Macedonia - 0.01 <0.01 0.02 - - - - - - - -

Norway - - - - - - - - - - - -
Oman - 0.04 0.02 0.05 - - - - - - - -
Pakistan - - - - 1.01 0.09 0.08 0.09 8,300 5,100 2,000 3,100
Palau - - - - - - - - - - - -
Panama 0.08 0.86 0.43 1.27 1.64 0.63 0.43 0.82 <500 1,000 <500 730
Papua New
Guinea 0.65 0.49 0.78 0.23 12.46 1.65 1.71 1.6 4,500 3,000 1,800 1,200

Paraguay 0.09 0.22 0.13 0.31 1.96 0.31 0.27 0.34 <500 530 <200 <500
Peru - 0.39 0.15 0.62 - - - - - - - -
Philippines 0.03 0.43 0.09 0.74 0.52 0.24 0.08 0.39 1,200 11,000 1,200 9,400
Poland - - - - - - - - - - - -
Portugal - 0.05 0.03 0.06 - - - - - - - -
Qatar - 0.02 0.01 0.02 - - - - - - - -
Republic of - - - - - - - - - - - -
Korea
Republic of 0.15 0.17 0.17 0.17 3.0 0.51 0.49 0.52 <500 <200 <100 <100
Moldova
Romania - 0.07 0.04 0.1 - - - - - - - -
Russian - - - - - - - - - - - -
Federation
Rwanda 0.24 0.24 0.45 0.04 4.03 5.47 5.18 5.76 6,800 11,000 6,100 5,300
Saint Kitts and - 0.63 0.13 1.16 - - - - - - - -
Nevis
Saint Lucia - 0.17 0.28 0.06 - - - - - - - -
Saint Vincent
and the - - - - - - - - - - - -
Grenadines
Samoa - - - - - - - - - - - -
San Marino - - - - - - - - - - - -
Sao Tome and - - - - - - - - - - - -
Principe
Saudi Arabia - 0.03 <0.01 0.06 - - - - - - - -
Senegal 0.08 0.05 0.08 0.03 1.65 0.97 0.93 1.01 2,200 2,000 1,100 970
Serbia - 0.02 0.01 0.03 - - - - - - - -
Seychelles - - - - - - - - - - - -
Sierra Leone 0.62 0.8 1.29 0.32 17.61 8.25 9.06 7.46 6,200 6,200 3,900 2,300
Singapore - 0.01 <0.01 0.01 - - - - - - - -
Slovakia - 0.01 <0.01 0.01 - - - - - - - -
Slovenia - <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 - - - - - - - -
Solomon Islands - - - - - - - - - - - -
Somalia - - - - 1.04 0.88 0.84 0.91 1,000 860 <500 <500
South Africa 1.14 5.66 9.83 1.63 8.85 19.03 18.13 19.91 160,000 300,000 180,000 120,000
South Sudan 0.62 0.48 0.73 0.23 17.19 9.54 9.58 9.49 12,000 10,000 5,600 4,500
Spain - 0.01 <0.01 0.02 - - - - - - - -
Sri Lanka - <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 - - - - - - - -
State of - - - - - - - - - - - -
Palestine
Sudan 0.13 0.06 0.08 0.04 2.97 0.61 0.62 0.59 4,600 2,300 1,300 1,000
Suriname 0.51 0.27 0.41 0.14 12.12 1.92 1.97 1.86 <200 <200 <100 <100
Sweden - - - - - - - - - - - -
Switzerland - <0.01 <0.01 0.01 - - - - - - - -
Syrian Arab - <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 - - - - - - - -
Republic
Tajikistan 0.02 <0.01 0.01 <0.01 0.8 0.11 0.11 0.1 820 610 <500 <500
Thailand 0.02 0.3 0.17 0.42 0.79 1.43 1.11 1.72 1,800 7,000 3,100 3,900
Timor-Leste - 0.03 0.04 0.01 - - - - - - - -
Togo 0.46 0.25 0.45 0.05 12.85 7.64 7.4 7.87 6,200 6,000 3,300 2,700
Tokelau - - - - - - - - - - - -
Tonga - - - - - - - - - - - -
Trinidad and
Tobago - - - - - - - - - - - -

Tunisia 0.04 0.08 0.1 0.06 0.86 0.17 0.18 0.15 <200 <500 <200 <100
Türkiye - - - - - - - - - - - -
Turkmenistan - - - - - - - - - - - -

43
TABLE 6. HIV/AIDS: EPIDEMIOLOGY

HIV incidence per 1,000 uninfected population AIDS-related mortality per 100,000 population Number of children living with HIV

Countries Children 0–14

Adolescents Adolescent girls Adolescent boys
Children 0–14
Adolescents Adolescent girls Adolescent boys
Children 0–14
Adolescents Adolescent girls Adolescent boys
and areas 15–19 15–19 15–19 10–19 10–19 10–19 10–19 10–19 10–19

Turks and Caicos

Islands - - - - - - - - - - - -

Tuvalu - - - - - - - - - - - -
Uganda 0.57 1.23 2.25 0.24 14.81 9.31 9.68 8.95 72,000 85,000 51,000 34,000
Ukraine 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.05 0.98 0.33 0.34 0.31 2,900 2,800 1,400 1,400
United Arab
Emirates - - - - - - - - - - - -

United Kingdom - - - - - - - - - - - -
United Republic
of Tanzania 0.54 1.07 1.87 0.27 13.46 7.07 7.36 6.78 68,000 77,000 46,000 31,000

United States - 0.05 0.02 0.07 - - - - - - - -

Uruguay 0.07 0.16 0.1 0.21 0.73 0.21 0.18 0.25 <500 <500 <100 <200
Uzbekistan 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.86 0.34 0.35 0.32 3,400 4,600 2,300 2,300
Vanuatu - - - - - - - - - - - -
Venezuela
(Bolivarian 0.25 0.54 0.3 0.77 - - - - 4,200 6,500 2,400 4,100
Republic of)
Viet Nam 0.03 0.09 0.02 0.15 0.54 0.18 0.15 0.2 3,900 5,100 1,800 3,300
Yemen 0.04 0.01 0.02 <0.01 0.76 0.15 0.16 0.14 930 <500 <500 <200
Zambia 1.02 1.46 2.56 0.36 26.87 17.06 18.48 15.63 58,000 55,000 32,000 23,000
Zimbabwe 1.41 1.05 1.84 0.26 32.83 41.85 39.49 44.21 70,000 82,000 43,000 39,000

SUMMARY

East Asia and 0.05 0.1 0.06 0.14 0.9 0.23 0.21 0.25 47,000 66,000 26,000 41,000
Pacific
Europe and - - - - - - - - - - - -
Central Asia
Eastern Europe 0.05 0.22 0.34 0.1 0.77 0.22 0.29 0.14 14,000 24,000 16,000 7,700
and Central Asia
Western
Europe - - - - - - - - - - - -

Latin America
and the 0.11 0.21 0.15 0.26 2.31 0.56 0.54 0.58 40,000 55,000 24,000 31,000
Caribbean
Middle East and
North Africa 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.33 0.05 0.05 0.05 5,500 4,400 2,400 2,000

North America - - - - - - - - - - - -
South Asia 0.02 0.05 0.04 0.06 0.4 0.08 0.07 0.09 71,000 84,000 39,000 46,000
Sub-Saharan 0.51 0.69 1.18 0.21 12.52 7.79 7.84 7.74 1,190,000 1,310,000 750,000 550,000
Africa
Eastern and 0.57 1.13 1.96 0.32 13.05 10.39 10.6 10.19 810,000 1,030,000 600,000 430,000
Southern Africa
West and 0.46 0.27 0.44 0.1 12.03 5.3 5.18 5.41 370,000 280,000 160,000 120,000
Central Africa
Least developed - - - - - - - - - - - -
countries
World 0.18 0.22 0.31 0.13 3.81 1.87 1.92 1.83 1,370,000 1,550,000 860,000 690,000

For a complete list of countries and areas in the regions, subregions and country categories, see page on Regional Classifications or visit <https://data.unicef.org/regionalclassifications>.
It is not advisable to compare data from consecutive editions of The State of the World’s Children report.

NOTES HIV incidence per 1,000 uninfected population – Estimated MAIN DATA SOURCES
- Data not available. number of new HIV infections per 1,000 uninfected population HIV incidence per 1,000 uninfected population – UNAIDS
Due to rounding of the estimates, disaggregates may not add at risk of HIV infection. 2024 estimates. Last update: July 2024.
up to the total. AIDS-related mortality per 100,000 population – Estimated AIDS-related mortality per 100,000 population – UNAIDS
number of AIDS-related deaths per 100,000 population. 2024 estimates. Last update: July 2024.
Number of children living with HIV – Estimated number of Number of children living with HIV – UNAIDS 2024
DEFINITIONS OF THE INDICATORS children living with HIV. estimates. Last update: July 2024.

44
TABLE 7. HIV/AIDS: INTERVENTION COVERAGE
Adolescents age 15–19 tested for HIV in
Comprehensive knowledge of HIV Condom use among adolescents age
Percentage of the last 12 months and who have
Children living with HIV receiving ART (%) among adolescents age 15–19 (%) 15–19 with multiple partners (%)
pregnant women received results (%)
Early infant HIV 2012–2023 (R) 2012–2023 (R)
living with HIV 2012–2023 (R)
diagnosis (%)
receiving effective
Countries ARVs for PMTCT (%)
and areas Children 0–14 Adolescents 10–19 Male Female Male Female Male Female

Afghanistan 21 3 27 10 4 - - - - -
Albania - - - - - - - - - -
Algeria 27 22 87 87 - - - - - -
Andorra - - - - - - - - - -
Angola 89 13 27 19 - - - - - -
Anguilla - - - - - - - - - -
Antigua and - - - - 55 x 40 x 100 x 54 x - -
Barbuda
Argentina - - - - - - - - - 9
Armenia >95 70 >95 31 - - - - - -
Australia - - - - - - - - - -
Austria - - - 56 - - - - - -
Azerbaijan 68 67 - 39 2x 3x - - - -
Bahamas - - - 48 - - - - - -
Bahrain - - - - - - - - - -
Bangladesh 28 14 86 50 - - - - - -
Barbados - - - - - 66 - - - 10
Belarus - - - 67 53 - - 100 15 -
Belgium - - - 48 - - - - - -
Belize 81 65 37 57 44 - 69 - 7 -
Benin >95 53 36 57 - - 43 38 6 7
Bhutan - - - - - 22 x - - - 3x
Bolivia
(Plurinational 89 28 43 38 - - - - - -
State of)
Bosnia and - - - 45 41 42 - - 0 0
Herzegovina
Botswana >95 86 66 75 - - - - - -
Brazil - - - 49 - - - - - -
British Virgin - - - - - - - - - -
Islands
Brunei - - - 36 - - - - - -
Darussalam
Bulgaria - - - - - - - - - -
Burkina Faso 71 19 28 64 - - - - - -
Burundi 67 25 60 69 - - - - - -
Cabo Verde 94 92 >95 85 - - - - - -
Cambodia >95 75 56 75 - - - - - -
Cameroon - - - 50 - - - - - -
Canada - - - 61 - - - - - -
Central African - - - 41 - - - - - -
Republic
Chad 70 14 14 55 - - 40 39 7 -
Chile - - - 28 - - - - - -
China - - - 59 - - - - - -
Colombia - - - 37 26 - - - - -
Comoros - - - - 21 18 - - - -
Congo 34 5 18 13 - - 55 49 4 7
Cook Islands - - - - - - - - - -
Costa Rica 83 46 73 29 - - - - - -
Côte d'Ivoire 84 61 51 58 - - 73 30 8 16
Croatia - - - - - - - - - -
Cuba >95 >95 29 20 - - 80 - - -
Cyprus - - - - - - - - - -
Czechia - - - 30 - - - - - -
Democratic
People's - - - 1 - - - - - -
Republic of
Korea
Democratic
Republic of the 40 12 44 46 - - 35 - 5 -
Congo
Denmark - - - - - - - - - -
Djibouti 36 22 17 25 - - - - - -
Dominica - - - - 39 x 49 x 74 x 86 x - -
Dominican
Republic 55 20 19 35 - - - - - -

Ecuador 76 73 35 52 - - - - - -
Egypt 19 8 46 21 5 - - - - -
El Salvador 81 43 26 58 25 25 - 31 - 8
Equatorial
Guinea - - - 21 - - - - - -

Eritrea 68 45 39 64 32 x 22 x - - - -
Estonia - - - 71 - - - - - -
Eswatini >95 41 >95 88 - - 92 x - - -

45
TABLE 7. HIV/AIDS: INTERVENTION COVERAGE

Adolescents age 15–19 tested for HIV in

Comprehensive knowledge of HIV Condom use among adolescents age
Percentage of the last 12 months and who have
Children living with HIV receiving ART (%) among adolescents age 15–19 (%) 15–19 with multiple partners (%)
pregnant women received results (%)
Early infant HIV 2012–2023 (R) 2012–2023 (R)
living with HIV 2012–2023 (R)
diagnosis (%)
receiving effective
Countries ARVs for PMTCT (%)
and areas Children 0–14 Adolescents 10–19 Male Female Male Female Male Female

Ethiopia >95 53 48 68 - - - - - -
Fiji 35 54 93 47 - - - - - -
Finland - - - 60 - - - - - -
France - - - 37 - - - - - -
Gabon 67 25 23 32 - - - - - -
Gambia 71 25 33 40 - - 41 0 2 4
Georgia 64 64 65 73 - - - - - 2x
Germany - - - 30 - - - - - -
Ghana 90 35 30 45 - - 50 - - -
Greece - - - - - - - - - -
Grenada - - - - 67 x 59 x 80 x 92 x - -
Guatemala 38 21 25 - - - - - - -
Guinea 69 <1 59 26 - - - 18 - 5
Guinea-Bissau 59 24 53 24 - - - - - -
Guyana 65 48 16 58 - - 83 - 10 16
Haiti 63 35 51 69 - - - - - -
Holy See - - - - - - - - - -
Honduras 55 55 25 53 - - 70 39 4 10
Hungary - - - 25 - - - - - -
Iceland - - - - - - - - - -
India - 71 - - - - 30 35 - -
Indonesia 17 12 22 18 4 - - - - -
Iran (Islamic 32 32 46 30 - - - - - -
Republic of)
Iraq - - - 7 - - - - - -
Ireland - - - - - - - - - -
Israel - - - 56 - - - - - -
Italy - - - - - - - - - -
Jamaica 90 86 38 39 34 39 75 56 20 35
Japan - - - 17 - - - - - -
Jordan - - - 15 8 - - - - -
Kazakhstan - - 60 74 30 x - 94 x - 14 x -
Kenya 89 82 70 68 - - - - - -
Kiribati - - - - 19 31 26 - 4 1
Kuwait - - - 36 - - - - - -
Kyrgyzstan 90 67 38 71 - 17 - - - 11
Lao People's
Democratic 63 38 66 48 25 23 57 27 - -
Republic
Latvia - - - 56 - - - - - -
Lebanon - - - - - - - - - -
Lesotho 93 66 80 73 - - - - 44 54
Liberia >95 21 32 38 - - - - - -
Libya 78 48 60 34 - - - - - -
Liechtenstein - - - - - - - - - -
Lithuania - - - - - - - - - -
Luxembourg - - - - - - - - - -
Madagascar 27 <1 7 6 - - - - - -
Malawi >95 85 72 84 - - - - - -
Malaysia >95 >95 91 53 - - - - - -
Maldives - - - - 21 - - - - -
Mali 33 40 42 39 - - 47 26 2 5
Malta - - - 30 - - - - - -
Marshall Islands - - - - - - - - - -
Mauritania 46 12 37 28 - - - - 1 2
Mauritius 79 50 68 24 - - - - - -
Mexico - - 48 27 - 28 - 36 - 7
Micronesia
(Federated - - - - - - - - - -
States of)
Monaco - - - - - - - - - -
Mongolia - - - - - - - - - -
Montenegro - - - - 35 42 64 - 0 0
Montserrat - - - - - - - - - -
Morocco - - - 86 - - - - - -
Mozambique 90 75 67 48 - - - - - -
Myanmar 56 29 64 56 14 - - - - -
Namibia 92 >95 58 80 - - - - 14 28
Nauru - - - - - - - - - -
Nepal 77 50 91 89 - - - - 1 -

46
TABLE 7. HIV/AIDS: INTERVENTION COVERAGE

Adolescents age 15–19 tested for HIV in

Comprehensive knowledge of HIV Condom use among adolescents age
Percentage of the last 12 months and who have
Children living with HIV receiving ART (%) among adolescents age 15–19 (%) 15–19 with multiple partners (%)
pregnant women received results (%)
Early infant HIV 2012–2023 (R) 2012–2023 (R)
living with HIV 2012–2023 (R)
diagnosis (%)
receiving effective
Countries ARVs for PMTCT (%)
and areas Children 0–14 Adolescents 10–19 Male Female Male Female Male Female

Netherlands
(Kingdom of the) - - - - - - - - - -

New Zealand - - - - - - - - - -
Nicaragua 80 72 48 30 - - - - - -
Niger 45 11 41 54 - - - - - -
Nigeria 33 18 29 60 - - 62 - 7 -
Niue - - - - - - - - - -
North - - - 25 - - - - - -
Macedonia
Norway - - - - - - - - - -
Oman - - - 41 - - - - - -
Pakistan 11 56 44 14 - - - - - -
Palau - - - - - - - - - -
Panama 88 78 64 19 - - - - - -
Papua New
Guinea 58 52 49 51 21 21 - - - -

Paraguay 63 56 36 42 - 25 - 61 - 9
Peru - - - 48 - - - - - -
Philippines 8 5 20 16 15 x - - - - -
Poland - - - 62 - - - - - -
Portugal - - - - - - - - - -
Qatar - - - - 23 10 - - - -
Republic of - - - 22 - - - - - -
Korea
Republic of 88 91 59 56 26 35 - - 6 10
Moldova
Romania 81 82 - 88 - - - - - -
Russian - - - 37 - - - - - -
Federation
Rwanda 94 89 71 78 - - - - - -
Saint Kitts and - - - - 55 x 54 x 54 x 50 x - -
Nevis
Saint Lucia - - - - - 58 - - - 12
Saint Vincent
and the - - - - - - - - - -
Grenadines
Samoa - - - - - - - - - -
San Marino - - - - - - - - - -
Sao Tome and - - - - - - - 63 - -
Principe
Saudi Arabia - - - 38 - - - - - -
Senegal 94 64 67 59 - - - - - -
Serbia - - - - 43 x 53 x 63 x - 1x 1x
Seychelles - - - - - - - - - -
Sierra Leone 87 9 32 32 - - 9 - 3 -
Singapore - - - - - - - - - -
Slovakia - - - - - - - - - -
Slovenia - - - - - - - - - -
Solomon Islands - - - - - - - - - -
Somalia 47 3 15 21 - - - - - -
South Africa >95 90 63 54 - - - - - -
South Sudan 76 51 28 16 - 8x - 6x - 3x
Spain - - - - - - - - - -
Sri Lanka - - - - - - - - - -
State of - - - - - - - - - -
Palestine
Sudan 3 - 15 29 10 x - - - - -
Suriname 61 33 23 71 - 40 x - - - 11 x
Sweden - - - 78 - - - - - -
Switzerland - - - - - - - - - -
Syrian Arab
Republic - - - - - - - - - -

Tajikistan >95 >95 95 85 9x - - - - -

Thailand >95 89 64 59 - - - - - -
Timor-Leste - - - - - - - - - -
Togo 85 73 68 56 - - 34 - - -
Tokelau - - - - - - - - - -
Tonga - - - - 8 4 0 0 1 1
Trinidad and - - - - - 55 x - - - 10 x
Tobago
Tunisia 18 8 23 39 12 - - - - 0
Türkiye - - - 37 - - - - - -
Turkmenistan - - - <0.01 - 19 - - - 5
Turks and Caicos - - - - 32 37 24 10 9 26
Islands

47
TABLE 7. HIV/AIDS: INTERVENTION COVERAGE

Adolescents age 15–19 tested for HIV in

Comprehensive knowledge of HIV Condom use among adolescents age
Percentage of the last 12 months and who have
Children living with HIV receiving ART (%) among adolescents age 15–19 (%) 15–19 with multiple partners (%)
pregnant women received results (%)
Early infant HIV 2012–2023 (R) 2012–2023 (R)
living with HIV 2012–2023 (R)
diagnosis (%)
receiving effective
Countries ARVs for PMTCT (%)
and areas Children 0–14 Adolescents 10–19 Male Female Male Female Male Female

Tuvalu - - - - - - - - - -
Uganda >95 82 77 66 - - - - 19 34
Ukraine >95 60 85 86 - - 90 - 10 7
United Arab
Emirates - - - 57 - - - - - -

United Kingdom - - - 61 - - - - - -
United Republic
of Tanzania >95 71 66 76 - - - - 11 24

United States - - - 62 - - - - - -
Uruguay 71 84 >95 66 - 36 - 67 - 7
Uzbekistan 78 66 24 74 - 6 - - - 8
Vanuatu - - - - - - - - - -
Venezuela
(Bolivarian 36 8 22 30 - - - - - -
Republic of)
Viet Nam 80 40 70 88 47 - - - 5 -
Yemen 14 2 19 - - - - - - -
Zambia 90 77 71 72 - - - - 15 29
Zimbabwe 88 84 63 83 - - 62 - - -

SUMMARY

East Asia and 52 43 49 45 - - - - - -

Pacific
Europe and - - - - - - - - - -
Central Asia
Eastern Europe >95 87 73 - - - - - - -
and Central Asia
Western
Europe - - - - - - - - - -

Latin America
and the 65 41 38 42 - - - - - -
Caribbean
Middle East and
North Africa 33 21 58 42 - - - - - -

North America - - - - - - - - - -
South Asia 78 68 93 64 - - - - - -
Sub-Saharan 85 - 55 60 - - - - - -
Africa
Eastern and 94 79 65 63 - - - - - -
Southern Africa
West and 54 26 35 51 - - - - - -
Central Africa
Least developed - - - - - - - - - -
countries
World 84 67 57 59 - - - - - -

For a complete list of countries and areas in the regions, subregions and country categories, see page on Regional Classifications or visit <https://data.unicef.org/regionalclassifications>.
It is not advisable to compare data from consecutive editions of The State of the World’s Children report.

NOTES Children living with HIV receiving ART – Percentage of Pregnant women living with HIV receiving ARVs for
- Data not available. children living with HIV who received antiretroviral therapy PMTCT – Global AIDS Monitoring and UNAIDS 2024 estimates.
x Data refer to years or periods other than those specified in (ART). Last update: July 2024.
the column heading. Such data are not included in the Comprehensive knowledge of HIV among adolescents age Early infant HIV diagnosis – Global AIDS Monitoring and
calculation of regional and global averages. Estimates from 15–19 – Percentage of adolescents aged 15–19 who correctly UNAIDS 2024 estimates. Last update: July 2024.
data years prior to 2000 are not displayed. identify the two ways of preventing the sexual transmission of Children living with HIV receiving ART – Global AIDS
R Data refer to the most recent year available during the period HIV, who know that a healthy-looking person can be Monitoring and UNAIDS 2024 estimates. Last update: July 2024.
specified in the column heading. HIV-positive and who reject the two most common Comprehensive knowledge of HIV among adolescents age
misconceptions about HIV transmission. 15–19 – Nationally representative population-based surveys,
Condom use among adolescents age 15–19 with multiple including MICS, DHS, AIS, and other household surveys
DEFINITIONS OF THE INDICATORS partners – Percentage of adolescents aged 15–19 who had 2012-2023. Last update: June 2024.
more than one sexual partner in the past 12 months reporting Condom use among adolescents age 15–19 with multiple
Pregnant women living with HIV receiving ARVs for
the use of a condom during their last sexual intercourse. partners – Nationally representative population-based surveys,
PMTCT – Percentage of the estimated number of pregnant
Adolescents age 15–19 tested for HIV in the last 12 including MICS, DHS, AIS, and other household surveys
women living with HIV who received effective regimens
months and received results – Percentage of adolescents 2012-2023. Last update: June 2024.
(excluding single-dose nevirapine) of antiretroviral medicines
aged 15–19 who have been tested for HIV in the last 12 months Adolescents age 15–19 tested for HIV in the last 12
(ARVs) for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT)
and received the result of the last test. months and who have received results – Nationally
of HIV.
representative population-based surveys, including MICS, DHS,
Early infant HIV diagnosis – Percentage of HIV-exposed
AIS, and other household surveys 2012-2023. Last update: June
infants who received a virologic test for HIV within two months
of birth. MAIN DATA SOURCES 2024.

48
 TABLES 8 AND 9: NUTRITION

Table 8 includes estimates of malnutrition at birth among preschool-aged children, malnutrition among school-aged children and
women of reproductive age as well as coverage of birth weighing and key micronutrient programmes. Table 9 includes feeding
practices for infants and young children.

Estimates for low birthweight, stunting and overweight among preschool-aged children, thinness and overweight among school-aged
children, and maternal underweight and anaemia are from country models. For this reason, these may be different from survey
reported or aggregated administrative data estimates. For all other indicators, when raw data were available, the country-level
estimates were re-analysed to conform to standard definitions and analysis methods and may therefore differ from survey reported
values.

Low birthweight

Estimates are based on methods updated as of 2023. Therefore, country, regional and global estimates may not be comparable with
those published in editions of The State of the World’s Children prior to 2024.

Unweighted at birth

This indicator represents the percentage of births without a birthweight in the data source. More information can be found at:
<https://data. unicef.org/topic/nutrition/low-birthweight/>.

Stunting and overweight

UNICEF, WHO and the World Bank have continued to harmonize the country dataset of stunting and overweight estimates from
household surveys. As of 2021, these have been used to generate country-modelled estimates. UNICEF, WHO and the World Bank
transitioned from the use of survey estimates to represent country prevalence to the use of country-level modelled estimates for
stunting and overweight. The methodology is based on the updated approach described in a UNICEF-WHO-World Bank publication
called Levels and Trends in Child Malnutrition: Key findings of the 2021 edition of the joint child malnutrition estimates. Technical notes on
methodology can be found at: <https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-standard-methodology/>. The regional and global figures for
stunting and overweight are population weighted averages of the country-modelled estimates.

Wasting and severe wasting

Household survey-based estimates are used to report on country prevalence. UNICEF, WHO and the World Bank have continued to
update the country dataset of wasting and severe wasting estimates from household surveys, which are used to generate regional
and global averages, using a model described by M. de Onis et al. in ‘Methodology for Estimating Regional and Global Trends of Child
Malnutrition’, International Journal of Epidemiology, 33, 2004, pp. 1260–1270. For stunting, overweight, wasting and severe wasting,
new time-series estimates are released every other year, which supersede all previous estimates and should not be compared.

Vitamin A supplementation

Emphasizing the importance of children receiving two high-dose vitamin A supplements annually (spaced 4–6 months apart), this
report presents only a full coverage estimate for vitamin A supplementation. In the absence of a direct method to measure this
indicator, full coverage is reported as the lower coverage estimate from semester 1 (January–June) and semester 2 (July–December) in
a given year. Estimates for each semester can be found at: <https://data.unicef.org/topic/nutrition/vitamin-a- deficiency/>. The
regional and global aggregates are comprised of the 64 countries indicated as priority countries for national-level programmes.
Hence, the regional aggregates are published in cases where at least 50 per cent of the population coverage for the priority countries
in each region has been met and when there are at least five priority countries in the region. Estimates are not shown for Latin
America and the Caribbean or Eastern Europe and Central Asia because each of these regions has only two priority countries.

THE STATE OF THE WORLD'S CHILDREN 2024 49

 Malnutrition among school-aged children

Indicators under this title reflect the importance of ending malnutrition among children of all ages. Country estimates for malnutrition
among school-aged children are based on the NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC), ‘Worldwide Trends in Underweight and
Obesity from 1990 to 2022: A pooled analysis of 3,663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and
adults’, The Lancet, vol. 403, issue 10431, 2024, pp. 1,027-1,050.

Underweight women 18+ years

This indicator reflects the importance of maternal malnutrition if malnutrition among children is to be eliminated. Country estimates
for underweight women are based on the NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC), ‘Worldwide Trends in Underweight and Obesity
from 1990 to 2022: A pooled analysis of 3,663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents and adults’,
The Lancet, vol. 403, issue 10431, 2024, pp. 1,027-1,050.

Anaemia in women 15–49 years

This indicator also reflects the importance of maternal malnutrition if malnutrition among children is to be eliminated. Country
estimates for anaemia are based on: World Health Organization, ‘WHO Global Anaemia Estimates: Prevalence of anaemia in women of
reproductive age (%)’, Global Health Observatory (GHO) data, WHO, Geneva, 2021, <www.who.int/data/gho>.

Iodized salt

The definition of the indicator presented in this report changed in 2016. The indicator previously covered households consuming
adequately iodized salt. Since 2016, the indicator measures the consumption of salt with any iodine. Therefore, country, regional and
global prevalence estimates are not comparable to those published in previous editions of The State of the World’s Children.

Infant and young child feeding

A total of 10 indicators are presented, including the following with recent definitional changes or that are new as described in the
updated indicator guidance available at: <https://data.unicef.org/resources/indicators-for-
assessing-infant-and-young-child-feeding-practices/>:

• Continued breastfeeding (12–23 months) replaces two previous indicators of continued breastfeeding at 1 year (12–15 months)
and 2 years (20–23 months).
• Minimum dietary diversity (MDD) (6–23 months) is now defined as the percentage of children aged 6–23 months who received
foods from at least five out of eight defined food groups during the previous day. The older version of this indicator reflected
consumption of at least four out of seven defined food groups during the previous day.
• Minimum meal frequency (MMF) (6–23 months) has a revised indicator definition for non-breastfed children.
• Minimum acceptable diet (MAD) (6–23 months) is revised to align with the change to the MDD and MMF definitions.
• Zero vegetable or fruit consumption (6–23 months) is a new indicator.
Additionally, this table reflects two new indicators defined by UNICEF to assess child food poverty.

More information can be found at: <https://data. unicef.org/resources/child-food-poverty/>.

THE STATE OF THE WORLD'S CHILDREN 2024 50

TABLE 8. NUTRITION: NEWBORNS, PRESCHOOL/SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN,
WOMEN AND HOUSEHOLDS
Malnutrition among school-aged
Weight at birth Malnutrition among preschool-aged children (0–4 years of age) children (5–19 years of age) Malnutrition among women
Vitamin A 2022 Percentage of
supplementation, households
Underweight Anaemia 15–49
Unweighed at Stunted (%) Wasted (%) Overweight (%) full coverage (6–59 consuming
Low Thinness (%) Overweight (%) 18+ years (%) years (%)
birth (%) 2022 2016–2023 (R) 2022 months of age) (%) iodized salt
2022 2019
Countries birthweight (%)
2020 (m)
2012–2021 2022 (m,vs) 2016–2022 (R)
and areas (R,m) Moderate and
severe (m)
Severe
Moderate and
severe (R)
Moderate and
severe (m)
Thin and
severely thin
Overweight and
obese
BMI<18.5
kg/m2
Mild, moderate
and severe
Afghanistan - 86 33 2 5 4 0 8 22 7 43 57 x
Albania 6 3 8 1 2 13 - 3 23 2 25 65
Algeria 7 10 9 1 3 12 - 4 32 4 33 89
Andorra 9 - - - - - - 3 29 3 12 -
Angola 16 46 44 1x 5x 4 - 7 13 9 45 82 x
Anguilla - - - - - - - - - - - -
Antigua and 15 - - - - - - 3 45 4 17 -
Barbuda
Argentina 7 6 10 1 2 13 - 2 41 2 12 -
Armenia 8 0 7 2 4 12 - 4 25 3 17 99
Australia 7 1 3 0x 0x 22 - 2 36 2 9 -
Austria 6 0 - - - - - 2 28 3 13 -
Azerbaijan 11 1 13 1x 3x 10 - 5 25 3 35 93 x
Bahamas 15 - - - - - - 4 50 3 15 -
Bahrain 12 - 5 - 7x - - 5 41 3 35 -
Bangladesh 23 49 26 2 10 2 0 16 8 11 37 76
Barbados - 2 6 2x 7x 13 - 5 42 3 17 37 x
Belarus 5 6 4 1x 2x 5 - 3 22 3 21 -
Belgium 7 1 2 0x 0x 4 - 2 21 2 14 -
Belize 12 2 12 1x 2x 6 - 3 44 2 21 85 x
Benin 16 40 30 1 5 2 4 6 14 7 55 83
Bhutan 11 28 x 23 2x 6x 7 - 5 18 3 39 98 x
Bolivia
(Plurinational 8 8 11 1 2 9 0 1 40 2 24 86
State of)
Bosnia and 5 2 8 2x 2x 9 - 4 32 3 24 -
Herzegovina
Botswana 17 54 x 22 3x 7x 10 0 9 16 9 33 83 x
Brazil 9 2 7 1 3 10 - 3 36 3 16 98 x
British Virgin - - - - - - - - - - - -
Islands
Brunei 14 - 11 0x 3x 9 - 4 42 3 17 -
Darussalam
Bulgaria 11 - 6 2x 6x 4 - 4 29 4 24 92 x
Burkina Faso 18 36 x 22 1 10 2 95 11 7 12 53 89
Burundi 15 20 57 1 5 4 9 8 8 18 39 89
Cabo Verde - - 9 - 7x - - 9 13 6 24 92 x
Cambodia 11 9x 22 2 10 4 61 8 15 11 47 68 x
Cameroon 13 36 27 2 4 11 87 5 17 6 41 91
Canada 7 3 - - - 11 - 2 28 3 10 -
Central African 16 37 40 1 5 3 - 8 15 20 47 76
Republic
Chad - 88 32 1 8 3 93 10 11 16 45 65
Chile 7 6 2 - 0 ER,x 9 - 1 58 1 9 -
China 5 0 5 1 ER,x 2 9 - 4 23 5 16 97
Colombia 11 18 11 0 2 6 - 2 28 3 21 -
Comoros 23 32 19 5x 11 x 8 16 6 14 6 34 82 x
Congo 12 10 17 3x 8x 5 6 7 11 11 49 91 x
Cook Islands 10 - - - - - - 1 62 1 27 -
Costa Rica 9 2 10 0 2 8 - 3 34 2 14 -
Côte d'Ivoire 18 27 20 2 8 3 72 7 16 7 51 88
Croatia 5 0 - - - - - 2 27 2 21 -
Cuba 7 6 7 1 2 10 - 6 37 4 19 90
Cyprus - - - - - - - 3 33 3 14 -
Czechia 8 0 3 1x 5x 6 - 3 17 2 21 -
Democratic
People's - 0 17 1 3 3 0 9 21 9 34 38
Republic of
Korea
Democratic
Republic of the 10 27 40 2 6 4 91 7 15 12 42 85
Congo
Denmark 5 0 - - - - - 3 19 3 12 -
Djibouti - 15 x 19 3 11 3 - 7 11 11 32 4x
Dominica - - - - - - - 4 37 3 21 -
Dominican 13 4 6 1 2 8 - 5 33 5 26 32 x
Republic
Ecuador 11 34 23 1 4 12 - 3 34 1 17 -
Egypt - 39 20 5x 10 x 19 - 3 42 1 28 93 x
El Salvador 10 7 10 0x 2x 7 - 3 29 3 11 -
Equatorial - 30 x 16 2x 3x 8 7 8 15 3 45 57 x
Guinea
Eritrea 15 65 x 50 4x 15 x 3 - 12 11 34 37 86 x

51
TABLE 8. NUTRITION: NEWBORNS, PRESCHOOL/SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN, WOMEN AND HOUSEHOLDS

Malnutrition among school-aged

Weight at birth Malnutrition among preschool-aged children (0–4 years of age) children (5–19 years of age) Malnutrition among women
Vitamin A 2022 Percentage of
supplementation, households
Underweight Anaemia 15–49
Unweighed at Stunted (%) Wasted (%) Overweight (%) full coverage (6–59 consuming
Low Thinness (%) Overweight (%) 18+ years (%) years (%)
birth (%) 2022 2016–2023 (R) 2022 months of age) (%) iodized salt
2022 2019
Countries birthweight (%)
2020 (m)
2012–2021 2022 (m,vs) 2016–2022 (R)
and areas (R,m) Moderate and
severe (m)
Severe
Moderate and
severe (R)
Moderate and
severe (m)
Thin and
severely thin
Overweight and
obese
BMI<18.5
kg/m2
Mild, moderate
and severe
Estonia 4 6 1 0x 2x 5 - 2 28 2 22 -
Eswatini 10 9 21 0x 2x 8 51 4 19 3 31 90 x
Ethiopia - 87 34 1 7 3 68 15 6 21 24 86
Fiji 7 1 7 1 5 7 - 4 31 3 32 -
Finland 4 0 - - - - - 2 31 2 11 -
France 7 0 - - - - - 4 17 5 11 -
Gabon 15 9 13 1 3 5 0 6 17 6 52 90 x
Gambia 13 17 14 1 5 2 24 10 13 11 50 67
Georgia 7 0x 5 0 1 5 - 3 27 3 28 98 x
Germany 7 0 2 0 0 3 - 2 25 2 12 -
Ghana 14 36 13 1 7 2 41 8 17 6 35 73
Greece 11 - 2 0x 1x 15 - 1 34 2 15 -
Grenada - - - - - - - 4 38 3 19 -
Guatemala 14 6 44 0 1 5 - 2 23 2 7 88 x
Guinea - 52 28 4 9 6 97 8 13 9 48 53
Guinea-Bissau 20 49 28 2 8 3 77 8 13 9 48 33
Guyana 17 12 8 2 7 6 - 8 28 7 32 43 x
Haiti - 68 20 1 4 4 - 4 26 10 48 8
Holy See - - - - - - - - - - - -
Honduras 13 12 18 1 2 5 - 3 32 3 18 88
Hungary 8 0 - - - - - 3 32 3 20 -
Iceland 4 1 - - - - - 2 24 3 10 -
India 27 9 32 8 19 3 - 21 10 15 53 94
Indonesia 10 6 31 4 10 11 - 9 24 7 31 92 x
Iran (Islamic - - 5 1 4 4 - 10 30 4 24 94 x
Republic of)
Iraq 11 29 10 1 3 6 - 4 39 2 29 68
Ireland 6 2 - - - - - 1 26 1 12 -
Israel 9 - - - - - - 3 23 5 13 -
Italy 7 2 - - - - - 2 27 3 14 -
Jamaica 14 5 7 1 3 6 - 3 33 3 20 -
Japan 11 0 5 0 ER,x 2 ER,x 2 - 2 16 13 19 -
Jordan 19 3 7 0 1 10 - 4 40 3 38 88 x
Kazakhstan 5 1 5 1x 3x 8 - 5 20 4 29 94 x
Kenya 10 35 18 1 5 4 84 8 10 8 29 95
Kiribati 9 7 14 1 4 2 - 1 44 1 33 77
Kuwait 14 - 7 1 2 12 - 3 47 1 24 -
Kyrgyzstan 6 1 10 1 2 6 - 4 12 4 36 99
Lao People's
Democratic 17 33 28 3 9 4 36 7 17 9 40 94
Republic
Latvia 4 0 2 0 2 6 - 2 22 3 22 -
Lebanon 13 - 7 0 1 8 - 2 42 3 28 95 x
Lesotho 14 8 32 1 2 7 19 5 13 3 28 85 x
Liberia 20 71 27 1 3 5 7 6 17 5 43 87
Libya - - 52 5x 10 x 29 - 5 35 4 30 70 x
Liechtenstein - - - - - - - - - - - -
Lithuania 4 15 5 1 4 5 - 3 21 2 20 -
Luxembourg 8 2 - - - - - 2 22 3 10 -
Madagascar 19 63 39 2 7 2 34 7 7 19 38 68 x
Malawi 16 6 34 0 2 4 11 3 9 6 31 80
Malaysia 14 - 22 4 ER 10 ER 6 - 8 33 5 32 28 x
Maldives 14 2 14 2 9 3 - 12 32 5 52 97 x
Mali - 65 24 2 11 2 76 10 16 9 59 76
Malta 7 2 - - - - - 2 28 2 14 -
Marshall Islands - 10 31 1 4 4 - 3 37 2 31 -
Mauritania - 84 22 3 14 2 0 10 22 6 43 25
Mauritius 19 - 9 - 16 x 7 - 9 30 6 24 -
Mexico 10 2 13 1 2 7 - 2 39 2 15 -
Micronesia
(Federated - - - - - - - 1 43 2 25 -
States of)
Monaco 7 - - - - - - - - - 12 -
Mongolia 5 1 6 0 1 11 - 4 18 3 15 75
Montenegro 6 2 8 1 2 8 - 2 27 2 17 -
Montserrat - - - - - - - - - - - -
Morocco 15 3 13 0 2 5 - 4 21 4 30 43 x
Mozambique 18 49 x 36 1 4 6 72 5 10 9 48 63
Myanmar 12 55 24 1 7 1 - 11 17 12 42 85

52
TABLE 8. NUTRITION: NEWBORNS, PRESCHOOL/SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN, WOMEN AND HOUSEHOLDS

Malnutrition among school-aged

Weight at birth Malnutrition among preschool-aged children (0–4 years of age) children (5–19 years of age) Malnutrition among women
Vitamin A 2022 Percentage of
supplementation, households
Underweight Anaemia 15–49
Unweighed at Stunted (%) Wasted (%) Overweight (%) full coverage (6–59 consuming
Low Thinness (%) Overweight (%) 18+ years (%) years (%)
birth (%) 2022 2016–2023 (R) 2022 months of age) (%) iodized salt
2022 2019
Countries birthweight (%)
2020 (m)
2012–2021 2022 (m,vs) 2016–2022 (R)
and areas (R,m) Moderate and
severe (m)
Severe
Moderate and
severe (R)
Moderate and
severe (m)
Thin and
severely thin
Overweight and
obese
BMI<18.5
kg/m2
Mild, moderate
and severe
Namibia 16 15 17 3x 7x 5 60 10 14 11 25 74 x
Nauru - 4x 15 0x 1x 5 - 1 57 0 30 -
Nepal 20 23 27 1 8 2 94 11 9 10 36 97
Netherlands
(Kingdom of the) 6 5 2 0x 1x 5 - 1 18 2 13 -

New Zealand 6 8 - - - - - 1 40 2 10 -
Nicaragua 10 8 15 1x 2x 9 - 2 33 2 16 -
Niger - 64 47 2 11 3 87 16 10 19 50 59 x
Nigeria - 77 34 1 7 2 67 14 10 10 55 94
Niue - - - - - - - 1 63 1 27 -
North 8 0 4 1 3 10 - 4 27 4 19 -
Macedonia
Norway 4 0 - - - - - 1 23 2 12 -
Oman 13 - 13 3 9 7 - 6 39 6 29 88 x
Pakistan - 89 34 2 7 3 86 16 19 9 41 80
Palau 14 - - - - - - 2 48 2 29 -
Panama 10 9 14 0 1 11 - 2 38 2 21 -
Papua New 19 51 51 6x 14 x 16 13 2 36 4 34 60 x
Guinea
Paraguay 10 2 3 0 1 15 - 2 34 3 23 92
Peru 7 3 10 0 0 9 - 1 41 1 21 91
Philippines 21 17 29 2x 7x 5 26 10 15 10 12 57
Poland 6 5 2 0x 1x 6 - 3 23 3 - -
Portugal 9 0 3 0 1 9 - 2 21 2 13 -
Qatar 10 - 4 - 2x 12 - 6 47 3 28 99 x
Republic of 7 8 2 0 0 5 - 2 34 6 14 -
Korea
Republic of 6 1 4 1x 2x 3 - 3 18 3 26 58 x
Moldova
Romania 9 - 8 1x 4x 5 - 5 23 3 23 -
Russian 7 - - 1x 3x 7 - 3 20 3 21 -
Federation
Rwanda 9 10 30 0 1 5 - 5 10 6 17 91 x
Saint Kitts and - - - - - - - 4 42 2 15 -
Nevis
Saint Lucia 16 1 3 1x 4x 6 - 4 37 3 14 75 x
Saint Vincent
and the - - - - - - - 3 36 4 17 -
Grenadines
Samoa - 54 7 1 3 8 - 1 50 1 27 96
San Marino 4 - - - - - - - - - 13 -
Sao Tome and 11 3 10 1 4 5 8 5 15 7 44 89
Principe
Saudi Arabia - - 12 1 4 10 - 9 41 5 28 70 x
Senegal 17 36 17 1 8 3 57 16 8 18 53 65
Serbia 6 0 5 1 3 10 - 2 31 4 23 -
Seychelles 12 - 7 1x 4x 9 - 6 34 2 25 -
Sierra Leone 10 35 26 2 6 5 69 3 12 7 48 82
Singapore 11 - 3 1x 4x 4 - 3 36 9 13 -
Slovakia 8 0 - - - - - 4 26 3 24 -
Slovenia 6 3 - - - - - 2 29 3 22 -
Solomon Islands 13 14 30 4x 9x 6 - 2 22 2 38 88 x
Somalia - 92 18 4x 14 x 3 79 7 11 13 43 7x
South Africa 17 12 23 2 4 12 44 3 21 2 31 91
South Sudan - - 28 10 x 23 x 5 89 7 13 19 36 60 x
Spain 10 10 - - - - - 1 31 3 13 -
Sri Lanka 18 4 16 3 15 1 - 17 17 11 35 92
State of
Palestine 10 1 8 1 1 8 - 4 31 3 - 96

Sudan - 90 36 5x 16 x 3 1 14 14 15 37 34 x
Suriname 16 16 8 1 6 4 - 5 36 6 21 -
Sweden 4 0 - - - - - 2 27 2 14 -
Switzerland 6 1 - - - - - 2 22 5 11 -
Syrian Arab
Republic - 53 x 25 6x 12 x 12 - 5 36 3 33 72

Tajikistan 9 9 13 2 6 3 93 8 9 5 35 91
Thailand 10 2 12 3 8 9 - 8 26 5 24 84
Timor-Leste 18 47 45 2 8 1 - 17 4 25 30 84
Togo 14 30 22 1 6 2 90 5 12 8 46 81
Tokelau - - - - - - - 1 57 1 - -
Tonga - 17 2 0 1 11 - 1 57 0 29 53
Trinidad and 16 10 x 9 2x 6x 14 - 9 38 7 18 63 x
Tobago

53
TABLE 8. NUTRITION: NEWBORNS, PRESCHOOL/SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN, WOMEN AND HOUSEHOLDS

Malnutrition among school-aged

Weight at birth Malnutrition among preschool-aged children (0–4 years of age) children (5–19 years of age) Malnutrition among women
Vitamin A 2022 Percentage of
supplementation, households
Underweight Anaemia 15–49
Unweighed at Stunted (%) Wasted (%) Overweight (%) full coverage (6–59 consuming
Low Thinness (%) Overweight (%) 18+ years (%) years (%)
birth (%) 2022 2016–2023 (R) 2022 months of age) (%) iodized salt
2022 2019
Countries birthweight (%)
2020 (m)
2012–2021 2022 (m,vs) 2016–2022 (R)
and areas (R,m) Moderate and
severe (m)
Severe
Moderate and
severe (R)
Moderate and
severe (m)
Thin and
severely thin
Overweight and
obese
BMI<18.5
kg/m2
Mild, moderate
and severe
Tunisia 8 1 9 1 2 19 - 5 27 3 32 -
Türkiye 13 4 6 1 2 8 - 2 33 3 - 85 x
Turkmenistan 4 1 7 1 4 4 0 5 16 3 27 100 x
Turks and Caicos
Islands - - 3 0 1 18 - - - - - 70

Tuvalu - 1 5 1 3 4 - 2 52 1 28 85
Uganda - 34 23 1 4 4 55 7 12 11 33 91
Ukraine 6 3 12 4x 8x 14 - 6 17 2 18 36 x
United Arab
Emirates 14 - - - - - - 3 45 2 24 -

United Kingdom 7 2 - 0 0 11 - 2 30 2 11 -
United Republic
of Tanzania 10 37 31 1 3 5 90 8 8 9 39 80

United States 8 2 4 0 ER 0 ER 8 - 1 42 2 12 -
Uruguay 8 0 6 0 1 12 - 1 40 2 15 -
Uzbekistan 6 4 7 1 2 4 - 4 20 2 25 82 x
Vanuatu 13 10 31 2x 5x 5 - 2 31 3 29 63 x
Venezuela
(Bolivarian 9 - 11 - 4x 7 - 3 36 5 24 -
Republic of)
Viet Nam 6 3 19 1 5 8 - 10 18 12 21 61 x
Yemen - 92 35 5x 16 x 2 11 15 21 16 62 49 x
Zambia 11 20 31 2 4 5 97 4 14 8 32 88 x
Zimbabwe 12 12 22 0 3 3 68 6 10 5 29 84

SUMMARY

East Asia and 9 7 14 1 4 8 21 6 22 7 19 92

Pacific
Europe and 8 3 5 - - 7 - 3 24 3 19 -
Central Asia
Eastern Europe 8 3 7 1 2 7 61 4 23 3 25 -
and Central Asia
Western 7 2 3 - - 7 - 2 25 3 13 -
Europe
Latin America
and the 10 8 12 0 1 9 - 2 36 3 17 -
Caribbean
Middle East and 13 34 15 2 6 10 11 6 35 4 30 -
North Africa
North America 8 2 4 0 0 8 - 1 41 2 12 -
South Asia 25 31 31 5 15 3 62 19 12 13 49 90
Sub-Saharan 14 53 32 1 6 4 65 10 11 11 41 85
Africa
Eastern and 14 51 31 1 5 4 57 9 10 12 33 85
Southern Africa
West and
Central Africa 13 55 32 2 7 3 72 11 12 10 49 85

Least developed 15 53 32 2 7 3 - 10 12 13 39 79
countries
World 15 29 22 2 7 6 60 10 20 7 30 89

For a complete list of countries and areas in the regions, subregions and country categories, see page on Regional Classifications or visit <https://data.unicef.org/regionalclassifications>.
It is not advisable to compare data from consecutive editions of The State of the World’s Children report.

NOTES Unweighed at birth – Percentage of births without a standard deviations from median weight-forheight of the WHO
- Data not available. birthweight in the data source; Note that (i) estimates from Child Growth Standards.
x Data refer to years or periods other than those specified in household surveys include live births among women age 15–49 Wasting (preschoolers) – Severe: Percentage of children
the column heading. Such data are not included in the years in the survey reference period (e.g. last 2 years) for which aged 0–59 months who are below minus three standard
calculation of regional and global averages. Estimates from a birthweight was not available from an official document (e.g. deviations from median weight-for-height of the WHO Child
data years prior to 2000 are not displayed. health card) or could not be recalled by the respondent at the Growth Standards.
ER External Reanalysis time of interview and may have been recalculated to count Overweight (preschoolers) – Moderate and severe:
R Data refer to the most recent year available during the period birthweights <250g and >5500g as missing and (ii) estimates Percentage of children aged 0–59 months who are above two
specified in the column heading. from administrative sources (e.g. Health Management standard deviations from median weight-for-height of the
m Gender assessment not possible Information Systems) were calculated using numerator data WHO Child Growth Standards (includes severe overweight).
vs Identifies countries which are designated 'priority'. Priority from the country administrative source and denominator data Vitamin A supplementation, full coverage – The estimated
countries for national vitamin A supplementation programmes were the number of annual births according to the United percentage of children aged 6–59 months reached with 2
are identified as those having high under-five mortality rates Nations Population Division World Population Prospects, 2017 doses of vitamin A supplements approximately 4–6 months
(over 40 per 1,000 live births), and/or evidence of vitamin A edition. These estimates include unweighed births and weighed apart in a given calendar year.
deficiency among this age group, and/or a history of vitamin A births not recorded in the system. Thinness (school age children) – Percentage of children
supplementation programmes. Stunting (preschoolers) – Moderate and severe: Percentage aged 5–19 years with BMI < -2 SD of the median according to
of children aged 0–59 months who are below minus two the WHO growth reference for school-age children and
standard deviations from median height-for-age of the WHO adolescents.
DEFINITIONS OF THE INDICATORS Child Growth Standards. Overweight (school age children) – Percentage of children
Low birthweight – Percentage of infants weighing less than Wasting (preschoolers) – Moderate and severe: Percentage aged 5–19 years with BMI > 1 SD of the median according to
2,500 grams at birth. of children aged 0–59 months who are below minus two the WHO growth reference for school-age children and

54
TABLE 8. NUTRITION: NEWBORNS, PRESCHOOL/SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN, WOMEN AND HOUSEHOLDS

adolescents. Low birthweight – Modelled estimates from UNICEF and Thinness and overweight (school age children), and
Underweight (women 18+) – Percentage of women 18+ WHO. Last update: July 2023. underweight (women 18+) – NCD Risk Factor Collaboration
years of age with a body mass index (BMI) less than 18.5 kg/ Unweighed at birth – Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), (NCD-RisC), based on worldwide trends in underweight and
m2. Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS), other national obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663
Anaemia (women 15-49 years) – Percentage of women aged household surveys, data from routine reporting systems. Last population-representative studies with 222 million children,
15−49 years with a haemoglobin concentration less than 120 update: November 2022. adolescents and adults. Lancet 2024. DOI:
g/L for non-pregnant women and lactating women, and less Stunting, overweight (preschool children) – Modelled https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0140-6736(23)02750-2. Last update:
than 110 g/L for pregnant women, adjusted for altitude and estimates from UNICEF-WHO-World Bank. Last update: May September 2024.
smoking. 2023. Anaemia (women 15-49 years) – Global Health Observatory,
Households consuming salt with iodine – Percentage of Wasting and severe wasting (preschool children) – DHS, WHO. Last update: December 2022.
households consuming salt with any iodine (>0 ppm). MICS, and other national household surveys. Last update: Iodized salt consumption – DHS, MICS, other national
November 2023. household surveys, and school-based surveys. Last update:
Vitamin A supplementation – UNICEF. Last Update: May 2024.
MAIN DATA SOURCES September 2023.

55
TABLE 9. NUTRITION: BREASTFEEDING AND DIETS
Infant and Young Child Feeding (0−23 months)
2016–2022 (R)
Percentage of children consuming (6–23 months)
Continued breastfeeding (12–23 months) (%) Zero vegetable
Early initiation Introduction to (%) Minimum
Exclusive Minimum meal or fruit
of solid, semi-sold At least 5 food frequency (6–23 acceptable diet
breastfeeding <=2 food 3−4 food groups consumption
Countries breastfeeding
(%)
(<6 months) (%)
or soft foods
(6−8 months) All children Poorest 20% Richest 20% groups (severe (moderate food
groups months) (%)
(6–23 months)
(%)
(6–23 months)
and areas food poverty) poverty)
(minimum
dietary diversity)
(%)

Afghanistan 48 63 57 68 74 66 49 37 15 34 7 61
Albania 57 37 89 43 38 37 18 29 53 46 27 26
Algeria 33 29 88 37 36 43 17 44 39 46 19 26
Andorra - - - - - - - - - - - -
Angola 48 x 37 x 79 x 67 x 74 x 53 x 30 x 41 x 29 x 31 x 12 x 36 x
Anguilla - - - - - - - - - - - -
Antigua and - - - - - - - - - - - -
Barbuda
Argentina 57 32 x 97 x 39 x 49 x 33 x - - - 64 x - -
Armenia 41 45 90 29 32 24 14 49 36 62 22 22
Australia - - - 20 - - - - - - - -
Austria - - - - - - - - - - - -
Azerbaijan 20 x 12 x 77 x 26 x 24 x 15 x 24 x 41 x 35 x - - 38 x
Bahamas - - - - - - - - - - - -
Bahrain - - - - - - - - - - - -
Bangladesh 47 55 76 90 91 86 20 46 39 61 29 45
Barbados 40 x 20 x 90 x 41 x - - - - - 59 x - -
Belarus 24 22 96 17 11 20 1 29 70 93 57 3
Belgium - - - - - - - - - - - -
Belize 68 x 33 x 79 x 47 x 59 x 37 x 10 x 32 x 58 x 64 x - 30 x
Benin 54 41 77 69 77 52 36 42 22 32 9 48
Bhutan 77 x 53 x 93 x 77 x 91 x 76 x 47 x 37 x 16 x 63 x - 61 x
Bolivia
(Plurinational 63 56 83 61 74 x 53 x 7 23 71 - - 16
State of)
Bosnia and 42 x 18 x 76 x 12 x 17 x 10 x - - - 71 x - -
Herzegovina
Botswana 53 30 73 15 - - - - - - - -
Brazil 62 46 86 44 50 32 8 ER 28 ER 63 ER - - 21
British Virgin - - - - - - - - - - - -
Islands
Brunei - - - - - - - - - - - -
Darussalam
Bulgaria - - - - - - - - - - - -
Burkina Faso 60 51 52 81 87 70 32 49 19 38 11 33
Burundi 90 85 76 87 92 84 18 64 19 39 10 9
Cabo Verde 71 42 98 42 - - - - - - - -
Cambodia 54 50 88 40 58 20 14 38 49 82 42 29
Cameroon 48 39 76 43 65 12 28 53 20 44 11 32
Canada - - - - - - - - - - - -
Central African 49 36 77 73 74 52 19 x 54 x 27 x 26 9x 22 x
Republic
Chad 47 7 79 71 73 64 17 35 49 71 37 28
Chile - - - - - - - - - - - -
China 29 ER,x 35 ER 83 ER 22 ER - - 10 ER 29 ER 61 ER 72 ER 43 ER 9 ER
Colombia 69 37 90 42 49 36 7 24 69 60 42 15
Comoros 34 x 11 x 80 x 65 x 68 x 69 x 31 x 47 x 22 x 28 x 5x 52 x
Congo 25 x 33 x 84 x 32 x 54 x 20 x 35 x 52 x 14 x 29 x 4x 51 x
Cook Islands - - - - - - - - - - - -
Costa Rica 53 25 99 46 47 40 3 21 76 76 x - 10
Côte d'Ivoire 42 34 45 59 76 40 31 41 28 29 11 41
Croatia - 24 x - - - - - - - - - -
Cuba 64 41 94 25 35 23 9 33 58 76 x 54 x 22
Cyprus - - - - - - - - - - - -
Czechia - - - - - - - - - - - -
Democratic
People's 43 71 78 - - - - - 47 - - -
Republic of
Korea
Democratic
Republic of the 47 54 82 70 79 50 33 52 15 34 8 28
Congo
Denmark - - - - - - - - - - - -
Djibouti 52 x 12 x - - - - - - - - - -
Dominica - - - - - - - - - - - -
Dominican 42 16 90 22 30 14 8 26 66 77 x 42 x 19
Republic
Ecuador 72 40 x 63 53 - - 23 24 53 48 29 27
Egypt 33 40 75 57 58 x 43 x 22 36 42 55 26 35
El Salvador 34 45 90 67 x 71 x 57 x 5x 22 x 55 87 x 65 x 16 x
Equatorial - 7x - 31 x 47 x 34 x - - - - - -
Guinea
Eritrea 93 x 69 x 44 x 86 x - - - - - - - -
Estonia - - - - - - - - - - - -

56
TABLE 9. NUTRITION: BREASTFEEDING AND DIETS

Infant and Young Child Feeding (0−23 months)

2016–2022 (R)
Percentage of children consuming (6–23 months)
Continued breastfeeding (12–23 months) (%) Zero vegetable
Early initiation Introduction to (%) Minimum
Exclusive Minimum meal or fruit
of solid, semi-sold At least 5 food frequency (6–23 acceptable diet
breastfeeding <=2 food 3−4 food groups consumption
Countries breastfeeding
(%)
(<6 months) (%)
or soft foods
(6−8 months) All children Poorest 20% Richest 20% groups (severe (moderate food
groups months) (%)
(6–23 months)
(%)
(6–23 months)
and areas food poverty) poverty)
(minimum
dietary diversity)
(%)

Eswatini 48 x 64 x 90 x 29 x 29 x 19 x 11 x 41 x 48 x 81 x 37 x 21 x
Ethiopia 72 59 69 81 69 77 46 41 14 55 11 69
Fiji 63 43 95 46 53 32 8 33 59 69 41 12
Finland - - - - - - - - - - - -
France - - - - - - - - - - - -
Gabon 70 19 82 17 23 11 27 46 26 40 13 42
Gambia 36 54 76 74 77 68 33 44 23 51 15 57
Georgia 33 20 90 25 29 20 8 40 53 65 28 9
Germany - - - - - - - - - - - -
Ghana 58 53 79 66 79 58 31 43 41 41 13 43
Greece - - - - - - - - - - - -
Grenada - - - - - - - - - - - -
Guatemala 53 59 49 66 85 x 48 x 9x 31 x 59 x 82 x 52 x 27 x
Guinea 43 33 52 78 84 57 54 32 14 22 4 63
Guinea-Bissau 46 59 64 75 80 55 53 39 8 35 3 69
Guyana 46 29 84 52 68 33 20 40 40 61 x 36 x 33
Haiti 47 40 91 53 59 43 32 49 19 39 11 55
Holy See - - - - - - - - - - - -
Honduras 51 30 92 52 63 37 10 33 57 85 x 55 x 37
Hungary - - - - - - - - - - - -
Iceland - - - - - - - - - - - -
India 41 64 49 80 87 71 40 36 24 35 11 52
Indonesia 58 51 86 67 74 56 12 34 54 71 40 18
Iran (Islamic 81 47 76 x - - - - - 84 - - -
Republic of)
Iraq 32 26 85 35 47 33 14 41 45 74 34 25
Ireland - - - - - - - - - - - -
Israel - - - - - - - - - - - -
Italy - - - - - - - - - - - -
Jamaica 65 x 24 x 64 x 38 x 40 x 29 x - - - 37 x - -
Japan - - - - - - - - - - - -
Jordan 47 18 83 34 50 33 19 43 38 58 25 44
Kazakhstan 83 x 38 x 67 x 41 x 40 x 45 x 12 x 40 x 49 x 73 x 37 x 21 x
Kenya 60 60 87 65 72 58 16 47 37 71 31 25
Kiribati 46 64 90 61 70 53 35 56 9 74 8 51
Kuwait - - - - - - - - - - - -
Kyrgyzstan 88 46 79 50 44 57 12 35 53 75 43 17
Lao People's
Democratic 50 44 87 43 67 19 21 43 36 69 26 36
Republic
Latvia - - - - - - - - - - - -
Lebanon 53 22 79 22 - - 21 56 23 - - 28
Lesotho 56 59 92 34 55 14 28 55 17 68 10 35
Liberia 67 55 45 68 73 52 43 49 9 22 3 56
Libya 29 x - - - - - - - - - - -
Liechtenstein - - - - - - - - - - - -
Lithuania - - - - - - - - - - - -
Luxembourg - - - - - - - - - - - -
Madagascar 60 54 90 79 79 81 24 50 26 65 20 29
Malawi 60 64 88 83 88 67 26 57 17 37 9 26
Malaysia - 40 - - - - - - - - - -
Maldives 67 63 97 73 79 59 x 6 23 71 68 50 15
Mali 60 50 60 73 82 73 30 44 21 30 8 44
Malta - - - - - - - - - - - -
Marshall Islands 61 43 64 36 25 - 29 36 34 50 15 46
Mauritania 56 41 55 67 74 65 38 42 20 23 8 55
Mauritius - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mexico 39 36 93 48 52 x 16 x 9x 32 x 59 x 57 48 x 18 x
Micronesia
(Federated - - - - - - - - - - - -
States of)
Monaco - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mongolia 70 58 88 64 65 51 10 51 45 66 28 45
Montenegro 24 20 87 25 55 20 8 26 66 76 48 11
Montserrat - - - - - - - - - - - -
Morocco 43 35 84 x 35 x 45 x 19 x - - - - - -
Mozambique 77 56 95 x 75 x 80 x 53 x 29 x 43 x 14 41 x 13 x 36 x
Myanmar 67 51 75 79 84 66 35 44 21 57 16 56
Namibia 71 x 48 x 80 x 47 x 55 x 27 x 41 x 35 x 25 x 38 x 12 x 52 x
Nauru 76 x 67 x - 67 x - - - - - - - -

57
TABLE 9. NUTRITION: BREASTFEEDING AND DIETS

Infant and Young Child Feeding (0−23 months)

2016–2022 (R)
Percentage of children consuming (6–23 months)
Continued breastfeeding (12–23 months) (%) Zero vegetable
Early initiation Introduction to (%) Minimum
Exclusive Minimum meal or fruit
of solid, semi-sold At least 5 food frequency (6–23 acceptable diet
breastfeeding <=2 food 3−4 food groups consumption
Countries breastfeeding
(%)
(<6 months) (%)
or soft foods
(6−8 months) All children Poorest 20% Richest 20% groups (severe (moderate food
groups months) (%)
(6–23 months)
(%)
(6–23 months)
and areas food poverty) poverty)
(minimum
dietary diversity)
(%)

Nepal 55 56 85 94 96 94 8 44 48 82 43 33
Netherlands - - - - - - - - - - - -
(Kingdom of the)
New Zealand - - - - - - - - - - - -
Nicaragua 54 x 32 x 89 x 52 x 64 x 28 x - - - - - -
Niger 71 25 88 79 85 x 71 x 32 54 13 63 11 45
Nigeria 23 34 70 56 75 36 32 37 31 34 12 41
Niue - - - - - - - - - - - -
North
Macedonia 10 28 97 30 37 33 11 35 54 80 43 13

Norway - - - - - - - - - - - -
Oman 82 23 95 - - - - - - - - -
Pakistan 20 48 65 63 67 60 38 47 15 61 13 61
Palau - - - - - - - - - - - -
Panama 55 22 x 83 41 x 57 x 18 x - - - 60 x - -
Papua New 55 60 79 79 79 64 26 42 32 44 18 13
Guinea
Paraguay 50 30 87 33 41 43 6 42 52 71 38 17
Peru 46 67 94 68 74 65 4 22 74 - - 13
Philippines 54 41 80 57 69 41 18 35 47 74 37 27
Poland - - - - - - - - - - - -
Portugal - - - - - - - - - - - -
Qatar 34 x 29 x 74 x 47 x - - - - - 40 x - -
Republic of - - - - - - - - - - - -
Korea
Republic of 61 x 36 x 75 x 27 x 44 x 22 x 6x 24 x 70 x 46 x - 10 x
Moldova
Romania 58 x 16 x - - - - - - - - - -
Russian 25 x - - - - - - - - - - -
Federation
Rwanda 85 81 81 90 95 81 12 53 34 45 21 16
Saint Kitts and - - - - - - - - - - - -
Nevis
Saint Lucia 50 x 4x - 29 x - - - - - 43 x - -
Saint Vincent
and the - - - - - - - - - - - -
Grenadines
Samoa 53 52 83 50 58 36 23 57 20 46 12 25
San Marino - - - - - - - - - - - -
Sao Tome and 36 63 80 46 51 39 22 45 32 58 x 22 x 32
Principe
Saudi Arabia - - - - - - - - - - - -
Senegal 32 41 64 72 78 57 37 43 19 37 9 52
Serbia 8 24 96 16 28 18 2 13 86 95 74 2
Seychelles - - - - - - - - - - - -
Sierra Leone 88 51 99 54 67 51 47 29 24 32 9 54
Singapore - - - - - - - - - - - -
Slovakia - - - - - - - - - - - -
Slovenia - - - - - - - - - - - -
Solomon Islands 79 x 76 x - 71 x - - - - - - - -
Somalia 60 34 41 45 61 x 23 x 63 24 13 - - 65
South Africa 67 32 83 34 47 25 23 37 40 43 19 37
South Sudan 51 x 45 x 42 x 62 x 67 x 58 x - - - 10 x - -
Spain - - - - - - - - - - - -
Sri Lanka 90 81 94 90 90 81 5 17 78 - - 11
State of 41 39 90 29 29 28 13 42 45 71 31 28
Palestine
Sudan 69 x 55 x 61 x 73 x 72 x 74 x 34 x 42 x 24 x 41 x 14 x 67 x
Suriname 52 9 81 23 27 21 23 48 28 52 16 30
Sweden - - - - - - - - - - - -
Switzerland - - - - - - - - - - - -
Syrian Arab 36 29 75 45 x 57 x 42 x 30 ER 38 ER 31 ER - - -
Republic
Tajikistan 62 36 63 57 63 53 34 44 23 36 8 58
Thailand 29 29 88 24 30 17 10 18 72 79 60 16
Timor-Leste 47 65 73 49 61 44 30 30 40 56 26 34
Togo 48 64 76 80 90 73 31 51 19 61 14 48
Tokelau - - - - - - - - - - - -
Tonga 39 40 91 35 47 16 13 34 54 49 27 10
Trinidad and 46 x 22 x 56 x 34 x 45 x 23 x - - - 61 x - -
Tobago
Tunisia 32 14 97 30 39 28 8 28 63 85 54 20
Türkiye 71 41 85 53 - - - - - - - -

58
TABLE 9. NUTRITION: BREASTFEEDING AND DIETS

Infant and Young Child Feeding (0−23 months)

2016–2022 (R)
Percentage of children consuming (6–23 months)
Continued breastfeeding (12–23 months) (%) Zero vegetable
Early initiation Introduction to (%) Minimum
Exclusive Minimum meal or fruit
of solid, semi-sold At least 5 food frequency (6–23 acceptable diet
breastfeeding <=2 food 3−4 food groups consumption
Countries breastfeeding
(%)
(<6 months) (%)
or soft foods
(6−8 months) All children Poorest 20% Richest 20% groups (severe (moderate food
groups months) (%)
(6–23 months)
(%)
(6–23 months)
and areas food poverty) poverty)
(minimum
dietary diversity)
(%)

Turkmenistan 68 57 91 45 49 38 4 27 69 97 64 12
Turks and Caicos
Islands 49 - - 16 - - 22 22 56 68 29 35

Tuvalu 39 44 97 29 - - 14 57 29 - 18 44
Uganda 72 66 89 60 77 53 24 62 14 51 10 54
Ukraine 66 x 20 x 75 x 31 x 31 x 30 x - - - 55 x - -
United Arab
Emirates 23 x - - - - - - - - - - -

United Kingdom - - - - - - - - - - - -
United Republic
of Tanzania 70 64 89 72 x 75 x 70 x 22 59 19 33 8 40

United States - 26 ER - 12 ER - - - - - - - -
Uruguay 61 58 92 45 - - 6 24 70 - - 6
Uzbekistan 40 25 86 65 64 62 11 33 56 69 39 15
Vanuatu 85 x 73 x 72 x 58 x 69 x 40 x - - - - - -
Venezuela
(Bolivarian - 7x - - - - - - - - - -
Republic of)
Viet Nam 24 45 86 44 44 43 9 36 56 77 46 17
Yemen 53 x 10 x 69 x 63 x 73 x 56 x 27 50 23 57 x 15 x 66 x
Zambia 76 70 94 63 74 51 24 53 23 41 12 30
Zimbabwe 59 42 90 50 61 33 25 58 17 68 11 28

SUMMARY

East Asia and 40 ci 42 83 40 66 ch 48 ch 13 32 55 72 41 16

Pacific
Europe and - - - - - - - - - - - -
Central Asia
Eastern Europe 57 35 84 53 - - - - - - - -
and Central Asia
Western - - - - - - - - - - - -
Europe
Latin America
and the 54 43 87 48 52 36 9 28 62 - - 21
Caribbean
Middle East and 43 35 81 45 - - 21 41 45 60 28 31
North Africa
North America - 26 - 12 - - - - - - - -
South Asia 39 60 56 78 83 71 37 39 24 43 13 53
Sub-Saharan 54 48 76 65 75 52 31 46 23 43 12 42
Africa
Eastern and 69 58 80 68 71 63 30 49 20 50 14 45
Southern Africa
West and 42 40 72 64 77 46 32 43 25 37 11 39
Central Africa
Least developed 60 54 76 75 79 66 31 47 21 47 14 45
countries
World 46 ci 48 72 60 74 58 27 39 34 51 21 38

For a complete list of countries and areas in the regions, subregions and country categories, see page on Regional Classifications or visit <https://data.unicef.org/regionalclassifications>.
It is not advisable to compare data from consecutive editions of The State of the World’s Children report.

NOTES one hour of birth. five out of eight defined food groups during the previous day.
- Data not available. Exclusive breastfeeding (<6 months) – Percentage of infants Minimum Meal Frequency (6–23 months) – Percentage of
x Data refer to years or periods other than those specified in 0–5 months of age who were fed exclusively with breastmilk children 6–23 months of age who received solid, semi–solid, or
the column heading. Such data are not included in the during the previous day. soft foods (but also including milk feeds for non–breastfed
calculation of regional and global averages. Estimates from Continued breastfeeding (12–23 months) – Percentage of children) the minimum number of times or more during the
data years prior to 2000 are not displayed. children 12–23 months of age who were fed with breastmilk previous day.
ER External Reanalysis during the previous day. Minimum Acceptable Diet (6–23 months) – Percentage of
R Data refer to the most recent year available during the period Severe child food poverty (6–23 months) – Percentage of children 6–23 months of age who received a minimum
specified in the column heading. children 6–23 months of age who received foods from less than acceptable diet during the previous day.
ch To meet adequate population coverage, East Asia and the or equal to two out of eight defined food groups during the Zero vegetable or fruit consumption (6–23 months) –
Pacific excludes China. previous day Percentage of children 6–23 months of age who did not
ci Aggregated estimates for East Asia and the Pacific and the Moderate child food poverty (6–23 months) – Percentage of consume any vegetables or fruits during the previous day.
World include estimates for China from the year 2013, which is children 6–23 months of age who received foods from three or
outside of the year range 2016–2022. four out of eight defined food groups during the previous day.
Introduction of solid, semi–solid or soft foods (6–8 MAIN DATA SOURCES
months) – Percentage of infants 6–8 months of age who were Infant and young child feeding (0–23 months) – DHS, MICS
DEFINITIONS OF THE INDICATORS fed with solid, semi–solid or soft food during the previous day. and other national household surveys. Last update: December
Early initiation of breastfeeding – Percentage of children Minimum Dietary Diversity (6–23 months) – Percentage of 2023.
born in the last 24 months who were put to the breast within children 6–23 months of age who received foods from at least

59
 TABLE 10. EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT

Early childhood, which spans the period up to 8 years of age, is critical for cognitive, social, emotional and physical development.
Optimal brain development requires a stimulating environment, adequate nutrients and social interaction with attentive caregivers.
The early childhood development table presents data on some specific indicators with comparable and nationally representative data
on children’s development status, the quality of care and availability of learning materials at home and access to early childhood care
and education. The information in this table is best interpreted alongside data on other areas vital to early childhood development,
such as nutrition and protection.

Early stimulation and responsive care by adults

Data on this indicator from the DHS were recalculated according to the MICS methodology for comparability. Therefore, the
recalculated data presented here will differ from estimates in DHS national reports.

Learning materials at home: Playthings

Changes in the definition of this indicator were made between the third and fourth round of MICS (MICS3 and MICS4). To allow for
comparability with MICS4 and subsequent rounds of MICS, data from MICS3 were recalculated according to the MICS4 indicator
definition. Therefore, the recalculated data presented here will differ from estimates reported in MICS3 national reports.

THE STATE OF THE WORLD'S CHILDREN 2024 60

TABLE 10. EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT
Learning materials at
home (%)
Attendance in early childhood education Early stimulation and responsive care by 2015–2023 (R)
Children with inadequate supervision (%) Children developmentally on track (%)
(%) adults (%) (H)
2015–2023 (R) 2015–2023 (R)
2015–2023 (R) 2015–2023 (R)
Children's Playthings
books (H)

Countries Poorest Richest Poorest Richest Poorest Richest Poorest Richest

and areas Total Male Female
20% 20%
Total Male Female
20% 20%
Total Total Total Male Female
20% 20%
Total Male Female
20% 20%

Afghanistan 1 1 1 0 3 54 54 54 49 65 1 43 36 35 36 43 25 29 y 28 y 31 y 21 y 45 y
Albania 73 73 73 62 88 78 y 75 y 80 y 57 y 88 y 32 x 53 x 7 7 6 9 3 - - - - -
Algeria 14 14 15 6 26 61 61 62 48 77 8 49 13 13 12 13 13 77 y 74 y 79 y 70 y 85 y
Andorra - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Angola 12 y 13 y 12 y 5y 25 y - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Anguilla - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Antigua and
Barbuda - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Argentina 64 y 63 y 66 y 59 y 84 y 85 y 83 y 88 y 77 y 94 y 48 y 88 y 6y 6y 6y 7y 3y 86 y 85 y 87 y 83 y 88 y
Armenia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Australia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Austria - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Azerbaijan 11 x 12 x 11 x 5x 20 x - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Bahamas - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Bahrain - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Bangladesh 19 19 19 15 26 63 63 63 48 79 6 67 11 11 11 17 6 75 y 71 y 78 y 68 y 84 y

Barbados 90 x 88 x 91 x 90 x,p 97 x,p 97 x,y 97 x,y 97 x,y 100 100 85 x 76 x 1x 2x 1x 0x 3x 97 x,y 95 x,y 99 x,y 100 100
x,y,p x,y,p x,y,p x,y,p
Belarus 91 91 91 80 95 97 96 98 92 99 91 81 2 2 2 3 3 87 y 84 y 89 y 82 y 87 y
Belgium - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Belize 55 52 58 29 72 88 y 89 y 86 y 80 y 94 y 44 68 13 15 11 15 11 83 y 80 y 85 y 76 y 91 y
Benin 13 y 12 y 13 y 4y 35 y 39 y 39 y 39 y 32 y 56 y 2y 55 y 29 y 28 y 30 y 36 y 22 y 41 y 38 y 44 y 29 y 56 y
Bhutan 10 x 10 x 10 x 3x 27 x 54 x,y 52 x,y 57 x,y 40 x,y 73 x,y 6x 52 x 14 x 13 x 15 x 17 x 7x 72 x,y 68 x,y 75 x,y 67 x,y 80 x,y
Bolivia
(Plurinational 21 19 23 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
State of)
Bosnia and 13 x 12 x 14 x 2x 31 x 95 x,y 95 x,y 96 x,y 87 x,y 100 x,y 56 x 56 x 2x 2x 2x 3x 1x 96 x,y 95 x,y 98 x,y 95 x,y 94 x,y
Herzegovina
Botswana 24 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Brazil 93 y - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
British Virgin - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Islands
Brunei - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Darussalam
Bulgaria - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Burkina Faso 3y 2y 3y 0y 12 y 14 x,y 14 x,y 14 x,y 12 x,y 26 x,y - - - - - - - - - - - -
Burundi 7y 7y 7y 1y 31 y 58 y 58 y 59 y 56 y 67 y 0y 35 y 42 y 42 y 42 y 43 y 30 y 40 y 34 y 46 y 33 y 54 y
Cabo Verde 88 y 87 y 88 y - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Cambodia 15 x,y 12 x,y 17 x,y 7 x,y 38 x,y 45 x,y 42 x,y 48 x,y 33 x,y 60 x,y 4 x,y 34 x,y 10 x,y 10 x,y 10 x,y 16 x,y 4 x,y 73 x,y 74 x,y 73 x,y 67 x,y 82 x,y
Cameroon 28 x 27 x 29 x 2x 66 x 44 x,y 45 x,y 44 x,y 50 x,y 52 x,y 4x 53 x 34 x 34 x 35 x 52 x 23 x 61 x,y 59 x,y 63 x,y 56 x,y 73 x,y
Canada - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Central African 6 6 7 2 27 27 28 26 24 39 0 56 49 49 49 50 47 36 y 34 y 39 y 35 y 46 y
Republic
Chad 1 1 1 0 4 55 55 55 53 56 1 58 64 64 64 63 63 45 y 43 y 47 y 42 y 48 y
Chile - - - - - 93 y 93 y 94 y 91 y 96 y - 98 y 1 1 1 1 0 86 y 85 y 87 y 85 y 91 y
China - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Colombia 36 y - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Comoros 31 27 35 17 47 65 64 66 51 84 2 38 30 31 28 35 23 36 y 32 y 41 y 25 y 53 y
Congo 36 36 37 7 77 59 y 59 y 58 y 47 y 77 y 3 51 42 42 41 54 30 61 y 57 y 65 y 46 y 72 y
Cook Islands - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Costa Rica 44 41 47 41 52 76 75 77 66 87 39 82 7 7 7 7 6 86 y 82 y 90 y 79 y 94 y
Côte d'Ivoire 4y 5y 4y 1y 10 y 29 y 29 y 29 y 18 y 61 y 1 45 20 20 19 20 18 39 y 36 y 43 y 30 y 61 y
Croatia 82 y 82 y 81 y - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Cuba 50 47 53 - - 90 89 91 - - 42 86 2 2 2 - - 95 y 94 y 95 y - -
Cyprus - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Czechia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Democratic
People's 73 73 73 - - 95 94 95 - - 50 59 16 17 16 - - 88 y 86 y 89 y - -
Republic of
Korea
Democratic
Republic of the 5 6 5 1 20 44 44 44 39 58 1 39 47 47 46 53 29 57 y 56 y 57 y 44 y 72 y
Congo
Denmark - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Djibouti 14 x 12 x 16 x - - 37 x,y 38 x,y 35 x,y - - 15 x 24 x 8x 8x 8x - - - - - - -
Dominica - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Dominican
Republic 48 46 50 33 63 63 61 65 47 82 9 68 8 8 7 9 5 87 y 85 y 89 y 81 y 90 y

Ecuador 22 y - - - - 78 y 76 y 81 y - - 28 y 48 y 5y 5y 5y - - 81 y 78 y 84 y - -
Egypt 48 y 49 y 48 y 40 y 54 y - - - - - - - 4x 4x 4x 7x 2x - - - - -
El Salvador 20 19 21 - - 75 72 78 - - 17 91 8 8 7 - - 83 y 82 y 83 y - -

61
TABLE 10. EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT

Learning materials at
home (%)
Attendance in early childhood education Early stimulation and responsive care by 2015–2023 (R)
Children with inadequate supervision (%) Children developmentally on track (%)
(%) adults (%) (H)
2015–2023 (R) 2015–2023 (R)
2015–2023 (R) 2015–2023 (R)
Children's Playthings
books (H)

Countries Poorest Richest Poorest Richest Poorest Richest Poorest Richest

and areas Total Male Female
20% 20%
Total Male Female
20% 20%
Total Total Total Male Female
20% 20%
Total Male Female
20% 20%

Equatorial - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Guinea
Eritrea - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Estonia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Eswatini 9 8 11 4 22 31 28 33 27 43 2 63 14 15 13 18 6 48 43 52 36 58
Ethiopia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Fiji 22 23 20 23 25 97 97 97 95 99 24 75 13 15 12 14 9 83 81 85 79 88
Finland - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
France - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Gabon 51 y 53 y 49 y 21 y 80 y - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Gambia 24 23 25 19 40 16 15 18 11 31 1 49 16 17 16 18 16 67 y 65 y 69 y 63 y 78 y
Georgia 78 77 79 61 87 78 79 77 68 85 57 66 4 3 5 4 3 90 y 91 y 89 y 88 y 92 y
Germany - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Ghana 71 71 70 46 94 34 35 33 20 60 7 50 30 30 30 39 21 68 y 65 y 72 y 55 y 87 y
Greece - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Grenada - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Guatemala - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Guinea 9 9 9 3 32 31 y 33 y 30 y 22 y 51 y 0 32 34 36 33 38 36 49 y 48 y 50 y 45 y 51 y
Guinea-Bissau 14 12 17 5 54 43 42 44 31 72 1 44 70 71 70 68 73 73 y 72 y 75 y 70 y 75 y
Guyana 47 48 45 47 47 90 90 91 81 98 47 75 7 6 7 13 2 87 y 83 y 90 y 76 y 90 y
Haiti 63 y 63 y 63 y 31 y 84 y 54 y 52 y 57 y 34 y 79 y 8y 48 y 22 y 23 y 22 y 28 y 15 y 65 y 62 y 69 y 61 y 77 y
Holy See - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Honduras 14 14 13 15 18 36 35 37 21 60 7 70 6 6 6 8 4 75 y 75 y 74 y 70 y 81 y
Hungary - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Iceland - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
India 49 y 48 y 50 y 40 y 58 y - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Indonesia 18 17 19 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 88 y - - - -
Iran (Islamic 18 - - - - 70 x,y 69 x,y 70 x,y - - 36 83 y 13 - - - - - - - - -
Republic of)
Iraq 2 2 3 1 5 44 44 45 31 53 3 47 10 10 10 12 12 79 y 78 y 80 y 71 y 89 y
Ireland - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Israel - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Italy - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Jamaica 92 x 92 x 91 x 88 x 100 x 88 x,y 86 x,y 90 x,y 76 x,y 86 x,y 55 x 61 x 2x 2x 2x 2x 1x 89 x,y 86 x,y 93 x,y 79 x,y 97 x,y
Japan - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Jordan 13 y 12 y 14 y 5y 35 y 92 y 92 y 91 y 85 y 99 y 16 y 71 y 16 y 17 y 16 y 16 y 21 y 71 y 66 y 76 y 66 y 76 y
Kazakhstan 55 53 58 45 70 86 y 84 y 87 y 83 y 95 y 51 60 5 4 6 8 3 86 y 85 y 86 y 87 y 88 y
Kenya 36 y 35 y 37 y 25 y 42 y - - - - - - - - - - - - 78 y 76 y 80 y 61 y 93 y
Kiribati 72 69 75 76 76 77 76 79 71 84 4 60 31 31 30 35 31 80 y 78 y 82 y 70 y 89 y
Kuwait - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Kyrgyzstan 39 40 38 25 57 87 88 87 88 88 21 72 8 7 8 11 5 72 y 68 y 75 y 73 y 78 y
Lao People's
Democratic 32 30 34 13 69 30 29 30 21 49 4 61 12 13 12 17 6 89 y 88 y 91 y 85 y 94 y
Republic
Latvia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Lebanon 62 x 63 x 60 x - - 56 x,y 58 x,y 54 x,y - - 29 x 16 x,y 9x 8x 10 x - - - - - - -
Lesotho 46 45 46 20 83 28 27 29 17 45 3 57 17 17 17 27 9 73 y 68 y 78 y 66 y 77 y
Liberia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Libya 6x - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Liechtenstein - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Lithuania - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Luxembourg - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Madagascar 15 15 15 7 42 25 25 26 17 44 2 52 34 33 34 36 25 67 y 65 y 68 y 64 y 81 y
Malawi 34 31 37 21 55 35 34 37 28 48 1 37 44 45 43 47 33 59 y 56 y 62 y 49 y 74 y
Malaysia 53 52 55 - - 25 y 25 y 24 y - - 56 62 3 3 3 - - - - - - -
Maldives 78 y 78 y 79 y 69 y 82 y,p 96 y 96 y 97 y 97 y - 59 y 48 y 12 y 10 y 14 y 11 y 22 y 93 y 91 y 95 y 92 y -
Mali 5 6 5 1 21 55 y 55 y 55 y 53 y 65 y 0 52 32 32 32 31 27 62 y 60 y 63 y 54 y 67 y
Malta - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Marshall Islands 5 5 5 4 11 72 y 72 y 73 y 71 y 83 y 19 71 9 9 10 10 9 79 y 80 y 78 y 84 y 82 y
Mauritania 12 12 12 3 30 44 y 46 y 42 y 30 y 65 y 1 33 34 35 34 39 26 60 y 58 y 62 y 52 y 68 y
Mauritius - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mexico 62 64 61 62 66 81 78 83 72 87 31 79 8 7 9 9 5 81 78 84 79 85
Micronesia
(Federated - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
States of)
Monaco - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mongolia 74 72 76 34 89 58 57 59 39 76 29 65 13 12 13 16 9 76 y 72 y 80 y 78 y 76 y
Montenegro 53 51 56 18 65 91 91 91 69 100 58 64 5 4 5 5 2 90 y 90 y 91 y 76 y 92 y

62
TABLE 10. EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT

Learning materials at
home (%)
Attendance in early childhood education Early stimulation and responsive care by 2015–2023 (R)
Children with inadequate supervision (%) Children developmentally on track (%)
(%) adults (%) (H)
2015–2023 (R) 2015–2023 (R)
2015–2023 (R) 2015–2023 (R)
Children's Playthings
books (H)

Countries Poorest Richest Poorest Richest Poorest Richest Poorest Richest

and areas Total Male Female
20% 20%
Total Male Female
20% 20%
Total Total Total Male Female
20% 20%
Total Male Female
20% 20%

Montserrat - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Morocco 39 x 36 x 41 x 6x 78 x 36 y 36 y 36 y 26 y 47 y 21 x,y 14 x,y 7 - - - - - - - - -
Mozambique - - - - - 47 x,y 45 x,y 48 x,y 48 x,y 50 x,y 3x - 33 x 33 x 32 x - - - - - - -
Myanmar 23 y 22 y 25 y 11 y 42 y 52 y 51 y 53 y 41 y 73 y 5y 72 y 13 y 14 y 13 y 21 y 5y - - - - -
Namibia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Nauru - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Nepal 62 64 60 52 87 73 74 73 61 91 3 66 25 26 24 40 13 65 y 65 y 66 y 53 y 83 y
Netherlands - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
(Kingdom of the)
New Zealand - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Nicaragua - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Niger 3x 3x 2x 0x 9x - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Nigeria 38 y 37 y 38 y 11 y 75 y 55 y 56 y 54 y 35 y 86 y 4y 54 y 44 y 44 y 43 y 47 y 34 y 48 y 47 y 49 y 30 y 77 y
Niue - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
North 37 41 32 7 67 88 86 91 70 99 55 62 6 7 5 11 1 82 y 76 y 89 y 67 y 91 y
Macedonia
Norway - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Oman 29 x 28 x 31 x - - 81 x,y 78 x,y 84 x,y - - 25 x 75 x 45 x 44 x 45 x - - 68 x,y 65 x,y 72 x,y - -
Pakistan - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Palau - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Panama 37 x 38 x 35 x 28 x 67 x 74 x,y 73 x,y 74 x,y 55 x,y 89 x,y 26 x 69 x 3x 3x 2x 6x 1x 80 x,y 80 x,y 81 x,y 77 x,y 95 x,y
Papua New - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Guinea
Paraguay 31 30 32 10 61 64 y 62 y 65 y 40 y 90 y 23 60 3 2 3 4 2 82 y 80 y 84 y 76 y 91 y
Peru 77 x,y 76 x,y 79 x,y 70 x,y 90 x,y - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Philippines 19 y 20 y 18 y 21 y 16 y - - - - - - - - - - - - 77 74 80 66 84
Poland - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Portugal - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Qatar 41 x 41 x 41 x - - 88 x,y 89 x,y 88 x,y - - 40 x 55 x 12 x 12 x 11 x - - 84 x,y 83 x,y 85 x,y - -
Republic of - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Korea
Republic of 71 x 74 x 67 x 50 x 88 x 89 x,y 86 x,y 92 x,y 81 x,y 95 x,y 68 x 68 x 6x 6x 6x 9x 5x 84 x,y 83 x,y 84 x,y 75 x,y 87 x,y
Moldova
Romania 77 y 77 y 76 y - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Russian - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Federation
Rwanda 35 y 33 y 36 y 24 y 64 y 47 y 46 y 49 y 35 y 62 y 2y 37 y 28 y 31 y 26 y 35 y 13 y 82 y 80 y 85 y 76 y 91 y
Saint Kitts and - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Nevis
Saint Lucia 85 x 87 x 84 x - - 93 x,y 89 x,y 96 x,y - - 68 x 59 x 5x 5x 5x - - 91 x,y 91 x,y 92 x,y - -
Saint Vincent
and the - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Grenadines
Samoa 26 23 29 18 36 87 86 88 83 93 9 51 16 18 13 16 16 73 y 70 y 77 y 65 y 75 y
San Marino - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Sao Tome and 35 36 34 19 57 43 42 44 37 68 6 71 21 21 22 29 17 63 y 59 y 67 y 61 y 76 y
Principe
Saudi Arabia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Senegal 21 y 21 y 21 y 6y 51 y 20 y 18 y 21 y 15 y 33 y 1y 29 y 39 y 39 y 38 y 30 y 54 y 67 y 66 y 68 y 59 y 71 y
Serbia 61 58 63 11 80 96 95 97 93 98 78 83 4 3 4 7 2 97 y 96 y 99 y 100 y 97 y
Seychelles - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Sierra Leone 12 11 12 1 41 19 19 19 13 31 2 41 30 30 30 32 25 51 y 48 y 55 y 43 y 72 y
Singapore - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Slovakia 77 y - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Slovenia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Solomon Islands - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Somalia 2x 2x 2x 1x 6 x 79 x,y 80 x,y 79 x,y 76 x,y 85 x,y - - - - - - - - - - - -
South Africa 48 y - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
South Sudan 6x 6x 6x 2x 13 x - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Spain - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Sri Lanka 53 52 54 - - 72 y 69 y 74 y - - 56 71 5 6 4 - - - - - - -
State of
Palestine 34 36 33 26 45 76 75 77 66 87 12 73 14 14 14 17 12 84 y 82 y 86 y 81 y 90 y

Sudan 22 x 22 x 23 x 7x 59 x - - - - - 2x 46 x - - - - - - - - - -
Suriname 46 43 49 32 67 66 63 70 46 81 26 65 6 6 6 8 3 77 y 72 y 83 y 65 y 94 y
Sweden - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Switzerland - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Syrian Arab 8x 8x 7x 4x 18 x 70 x,y 70 x,y 69 x,y 52 x,y 84 x,y 30 x 52 x 17 x 17 x 17 x 22 x 15 x - - - - -
Republic
Tajikistan 6x - - - - 74 x,y 73 x,y 74 x,y 56 x,y 86 x,y 17 x 46 x 13 x 13 x 12 x 15 x 11 x - - - - -
Thailand 75 75 74 75 74 88 88 88 78 96 36 85 5 5 5 8 4 80 77 82 76 85

63
TABLE 10. EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT

Learning materials at
home (%)
Attendance in early childhood education Early stimulation and responsive care by 2015–2023 (R)
Children with inadequate supervision (%) Children developmentally on track (%)
(%) adults (%) (H)
2015–2023 (R) 2015–2023 (R)
2015–2023 (R) 2015–2023 (R)
Children's Playthings
books (H)

Countries Poorest Richest Poorest Richest Poorest Richest Poorest Richest

and areas Total Male Female
20% 20%
Total Male Female
20% 20%
Total Total Total Male Female
20% 20%
Total Male Female
20% 20%

Timor-Leste 14 y 13 y 16 y 9y 16 y 81 y 83 y 79 y 72 y 89 y 4y 40 y 29 y 29 y 30 y 33 y 26 y 53 y 51 y 56 y 34 y 74 y
Togo 20 21 20 10 40 19 18 19 16 26 1 38 29 29 29 38 21 52 y 50 y 55 y 48 y 61 y
Tokelau - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Tonga 35 30 41 29 37 88 87 89 86 92 24 63 9 10 7 14 6 79 y 79 y 79 y 76 y 82 y
Trinidad and
Tobago 59 y 62 y 57 y 51 y 74 y 86 y 86 y 87 y 83 y 92 y 65 y 84 y 2y 1y 3y 1y 2y 93 y 90 y 96 y 88 y 93 y

Tunisia 51 52 49 17 71 73 73 74 44 92 24 62 13 13 12 18 8 82 y 83 y 82 y 75 y 91 y
Türkiye - - - - - 65 66 65 42 88 29 76 6 6 7 9 5 74 y 70 y 78 y 62 y 85 y
Turkmenistan 41 40 42 17 77 90 90 90 89 93 32 75 2 3 2 2 2 95 y 95 y 95 y 90 y 97 y
Turks and Caicos
Islands 93 95 92 - 100 p 87 86 88 57 p 97 55 74 1 1 0 0 0 91 y 94 y 88 y - 96 y,p

Tuvalu 73 75 70 70 p 79 p 87 87 88 83 91 p 25 66 17 19 14 32 7 69 y 70 y 67 y 65 y,p 76 y,p

Uganda 37 y 34 y 39 y 15 y 66 y 53 y 51 y 55 y 38 y 74 y 2y 50 y 37 y 37 y 37 y 49 y 21 y 65 y 64 y 66 y 56 y 82 y
Ukraine 52 x 54 x 50 x 30 x 68 x 98 x,y 97 x,y 98 x,y 95 x,y 99 x,y 91 x 52 x 7x 6x 7x 11 x 5x 89 x,y 89 x,y 89 x,y 88 x,y 91 x,y
United Arab - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Emirates
United Kingdom - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
United Republic - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 47 y 44 y 51 y 37 y 65 y
of Tanzania
United States - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Uruguay 90 88 91 - - 93 x,y 94 x,y 91 x,y 88 x,y 98 x,y 59 x 75 x 3x 3x 3x 3x 4x 87 x,y 89 x,y 84 x,y 79 x,y 97 x,y
Uzbekistan 46 51 41 29 55 78 78 77 67 88 32 58 12 13 11 15 10 83 79 86 83 86
Vanuatu - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Venezuela
(Bolivarian 66 x,y - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Republic of)
Viet Nam 81 82 79 73 93 65 64 66 44 84 27 46 7 7 6 13 4 78 77 80 65 89
Yemen 1y 1y 1y 0y 2 y 33 x,y 34 x,y 32 x,y 16 x,y 57 x,y 10 x 49 x 34 x 36 x 33 x 46 x 22 x - - - - -
Zambia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Zimbabwe 28 28 29 16 53 37 38 37 29 54 3 69 20 21 20 28 12 71 y 68 y 74 y 66 y 77 y

SUMMARY

East Asia and - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Pacific
Europe and - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Central Asia
Eastern Europe - - - - - 76 76 76 62 90 36 69 7 7 8 10 6 80 77 83 75 86
and Central Asia
Western - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Europe
Latin America
and the 65 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Caribbean
Middle East and 24 25 25 18 32 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
North Africa
North America - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
South Asia 44 43 45 36 53 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Sub-Saharan 26 24 25 10 48 45 46 45 34 67 2 48 40 40 40 44 30 55 53 57 43 73
Africa
Eastern and - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Southern Africa
West and
Central Africa 23 23 23 8 48 46 47 46 34 69 3 48 41 41 41 45 32 52 50 53 39 72

Least developed 16 16 16 8 32 48 48 49 39 63 2 50 33 33 33 39 24 58 56 60 49 71
countries
World 38 35 36 26 50 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

For a complete list of countries and areas in the regions, subregions and country categories, see page on Regional Classifications or visit <https://data.unicef.org/regionalclassifications>.
It is not advisable to compare data from consecutive editions of The State of the World’s Children report.

NOTES displayed. has engaged in four or more of the following activities to promote
- Data not available. y Data differ from the standard definition or refer to only part of learning and school readiness in the past three days: a) reading
a country. If they fall within the noted reference period, such books to the child, b) telling stories to the child, c) singing songs
x Data refer to years or periods other than those specified in
data are included in the calculation of regional and global to the child, d) taking the child outside the home, e) playing with
the column heading. Such data are not included in the
averages. the child, and f) spending time with the child naming, counting or
calculation of regional and global averages. Estimates from
drawing things.
data years prior to 2000 are not displayed.
Learning materials at home: Children’s books – Percentage
H A more detailed explanation of the methodology and the
DEFINITIONS OF THE INDICATORS of children 0–59 months old who have three or more children’s
changes in calculating these estimates can be found in the
books at home.
section titled, General note on the data. Attendance in early childhood education – Percentage of
Learning materials at home: Playthings – Percentage of
R Data refer to the most recent year available during the period children 36–59 months old who are attending an early
children 0–59 months old with two or more of the following
specified in the column heading. childhood education programme.
playthings at home: household objects or objects found outside
p Based on small denominators (typically 25–49 unweighted Early stimulation and responsive care by adults –
(sticks, rocks, animals, shells, leaves etc.), homemade toys or
cases). No data based on fewer than 25 unweighted cases are Percentage of children 24–59 months old with whom an adult

64
TABLE 10. EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT

toys that came from a store. Learning materials at home: Children’s books – DHS, MICS
Children with inadequate supervision – Percentage of and other national surveys. Last update: March 2024.
children 0–59 months old left alone or in the care of another MAIN DATA SOURCES Learning materials at home: Playthings – DHS, MICS and
child younger than 10 years of age for more than one hour at Attendance in early childhood education – Demographic other national surveys. Last update: March 2024.
least once in the past week. and Health Surveys (DHS), Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys Children with inadequate supervision – DHS, MICS and
Children developmentally on track – Percentage of children (MICS), and other national surveys. Last update: March 2024. other national surveys. Last update: March 2024.
24–59 months who are developmentally on track in health, Early stimulation and responsive care by adults – DHS, Children developmentally on track – DHS, MICS and other
learning and psychosocial well-being. MICS and other national surveys. Last update: March 2024. national surveys. Last update: March 2024.

65
 TABLE 11: EDUCATION

This table contains a set of indicators on children’s education: equitable access, school completion and learning outcomes.

This table first provides information about equitable access, as measured by the out-of-school children rate (SDG4.1.4). Estimates
shown in this table were sourced from the database of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
Institute for Statistics (UIS). The out-of-school children rate identifies the segment of the population in the official age range for a
given level of education who are not attending school. It can be used to formulate targeted policies to ensure equitable access to
education.

In September 2019, UIS changed the methodology for capturing data on out-of-school children at the primary level. Primary
school-aged children attending pre-primary education are now considered as in-school children.

Completion rate (SDG 4.1.2) measures the percentage of a cohort of children or young people aged 3–5 years older than the
intended age for the last grade of each level of education who have completed that grade. By choosing an age group that is slightly
older than the theoretical age group for completing each level of education, the indicator provides more robust measures on the
share of children and adolescents completing each cycle of education. Estimates shown in this table were modelled and sourced from
the database of the UNESCO UIS.

This table also includes a set of indicators to monitor equitable learning outcomes, including the proportion of children in learning
poverty. This indicator is calculated using two SDG indicators, namely, out-of-school rate of children in primary school age (4.1.4) and
share of schoolchildren achieving at least a minimum proficiency in reading at the end of primary school (SDG 4.1.1b). The minimum
proficiency level is the benchmark of basic knowledge in a domain (i.e., reading) measured through learning assessments. Learning
poverty means being unable to read and understand a simple text by age 10. This measure was developed jointly by the World Bank
and UNESCO’s UIS and is part of the UNICEF Strategic Plan. The indicator combines schooling and learning deprivation. Estimates
were sourced from the World Bank database. The share of children with foundational skills in reading and numeracy was estimated
from the data from the sixth round of Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) in countries that administered the Foundational
learning Skills (FLS) module. The indicator measures the proportion of children aged 7–14 years old that have foundational reading
and numeracy skills. Foundational reading skills assess children on reading accuracy and reading comprehension. Foundational
numeracy skills assess children on number reading, number discrimination, addition and pattern recognition. Researchers can access
the microdata related to foundational learning via the MICS website or the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS) MICS
website.

Detailed information on the indicators included in this table can be found in the July 2017 UNESCO UIS publication, Metadata for the
Global and Thematic Indicators for the Follow-Up and Review of SDG4 and Education 2030, July 2017.

THE STATE OF THE WORLD'S CHILDREN 2024 66

TABLE 11. EDUCATION
Equitable access Completion Foundational learning skills

Out-of-school rate Completion rate Learning outcomes

2000–2024 (R) 2000–2023 (R) 2014–2022 (R)
Learning poverty rate
2001–2022 (R)

Foundational numeracy skills Foundational reading skills

Lower Upper Lower Upper
Primary Primary
secondary secondary secondary secondary
education education
education education education education
Countries
and areas Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female

Afghanistan - - 55 44 31 27 17 20 13 14 15 13 93 - -
Albania 11 5 11 97 98 60 - - - - - - 10 - -
Algeria 1 3 13 94 73 46 - - - - - - 68 69 66
Andorra 0 2 16 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Angola 14 19 81 60 37 19 - - - - - - - - -
Anguilla 4 3 13 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Antigua and 0 0 5 - - 89 - - - - - - - - -
Barbuda
Argentina 1 1 5 96 75 64 - - - - - - 59 59 49
Armenia 8 2 4 100 97 78 - - - - - - 27 29 25
Australia 0 2 6 100 99 90 - - - - - - 9 11 7
Austria 2 2 7 99 98 85 - - - - - - 15 - -
Azerbaijan 2 9 16 98 92 75 73 x 73 x 72 x 67 x 66 x 69 x 38 41 34
Bahamas 29 13 30 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Bahrain 7 4 4 - - - - - - - - - 30 38 22
Bangladesh 5 16 20 83 65 29 28 27 29 49 45 53 51 54 49
Barbados 9 0 8 98 98 94 - - - - - - - - -
Belarus 4 7 10 100 100 90 72 72 73 82 80 85 - - -
Belgium 1 1 2 98 95 88 - - - - - - 9 10 7
Belize 12 7 27 96 61 45 - - - - - - 76 80 73
Benin 5 45 67 52 25 13 17 16 18 14 14 14 56 - -
Bhutan 5 13 22 68 39 21 - - - - - - - - -
Bolivia
(Plurinational 4 7 19 99 94 82 - - - - - - - - -
State of)
Bosnia and 16 6 23 100 97 93 - - - - - - - - -
Herzegovina
Botswana 10 15 29 93 84 54 - - - - - - 51 58 44
Brazil 4 4 8 97 90 74 - - - - - - 47 - -
British Virgin 1 13 23 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Islands
Brunei 4 3 27 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Darussalam
Bulgaria 5 5 9 99 98 87 - - - - - - 18 19 17
Burkina Faso 42 55 76 60 34 16 - - - - - - 74 74 74
Burundi 18 33 62 50 25 7 - - - - - - 96 96 96
Cabo Verde 11 17 26 - - 56 - - - - - - - - -
Cambodia 4 11 47 82 56 27 - - - - - - 90 93 87
Cameroon 4 48 65 74 47 23 - - - - - - 72 73 71
Canada 4 1 14 100 100 94 - - - - - - 4 5 4
Central African 15 57 83 27 12 6 2 2 1 5 5 5 - - -
Republic
Chad 24 57 73 27 13 5 7 8 6 4 5 4 94 94 95
Chile 1 1 2 99 99 93 - - - - - - 27 28 27
China - - - 98 90 75 - - - - - - 18 - -
Colombia 7 4 13 94 79 75 - - - - - - 51 47 44
Comoros 22 33 58 82 60 37 26 23 28 26 23 28 86 - -
Congo 16 30 42 80 50 23 - - - - - - 70 74 66
Cook Islands 1 2 15 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Costa Rica 5 5 8 98 89 78 - - - - - - 34 34 31
Côte d'Ivoire 4 28 48 65 35 17 - - - - - - 80 81 79
Croatia 2 1 6 100 100 97 - - - - - - 4 - -
Cuba 5 7 23 100 94 65 - - - - - - - - -
Cyprus 1 0 1 98 95 89 - - - - - - 10 11 9
Czechia 0 0 4 - - - - - - - - - 14 - -
Democratic
People's 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Republic of
Korea
Democratic
Republic of the - - - 67 54 31 0 0 1 9 9 9 97 96 97
Congo
Denmark 1 1 7 99 99 78 - - - - - - 5 6 4
Djibouti - - - 81 62 40 - - - - - - - - -
Dominica 13 21 27 - - 77 - - - - - - - - -
Dominican 13 15 36 93 89 66 - - - - - - 78 82 79
Republic
Ecuador 5 14 12 99 93 80 - - - - - - 66 - -

67
TABLE 11. EDUCATION

Equitable access Completion Foundational learning skills

Out-of-school rate Completion rate Learning outcomes

2000–2024 (R) 2000–2023 (R) 2014–2022 (R)
Learning poverty rate
2001–2022 (R)

Foundational numeracy skills Foundational reading skills

Lower Upper Lower Upper
Primary Primary
secondary secondary secondary secondary
education education
education education education education
Countries
and areas Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female

Egypt 0 5 28 94 84 76 - - - - - - 56 - -
El Salvador 14 22 44 91 76 63 - - - - - - 69 72 73
Equatorial 62 49 76 42 18 5 - - - - - - - - -
Guinea
Eritrea 45 42 48 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Estonia 2 2 6 100 99 86 - - - - - - - - -
Eswatini 10 0 11 80 58 37 29 27 31 49 41 57 - - -
Ethiopia 23 51 69 56 28 16 - - - - - - 90 - -
Fiji 2 2 23 98 89 55 45 42 47 67 63 72 - - -
Finland 2 2 4 100 100 90 - - - - - - 5 6 4
France 0 0 4 99 98 91 - - - - - - 7 8 5
Gabon 28 36 47 74 45 22 - - - - - - 31 33 28
Gambia 23 25 49 64 49 29 8 7 9 12 11 13 - - -
Georgia 2 1 1 100 98 77 - - - - - - 14 17 10
Germany 2 1 11 98 92 78 - - - - - - 15 - -
Ghana 11 9 34 71 64 48 16 17 14 21 20 22 - - -
Greece 0 1 3 99 98 93 - - - - - - 8 10 5
Grenada 18 9 14 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Guatemala 7 37 63 85 57 26 - - - - - - 79 67 68
Guinea 18 53 73 45 26 16 - - - - - - 83 81 84
Guinea-Bissau 31 53 71 45 31 19 7 8 7 12 12 13 - - -
Guyana 14 25 37 98 83 62 60 54 66 62 57 66 - - -
Haiti - - - 53 35 16 - - - - - - - - -
Holy See - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Honduras 21 42 61 89 57 42 - - - - - - 79 77 73
Hungary 4 5 11 99 98 84 - - - - - - 9 11 8
Iceland 2 1 17 - - - - - - - - - 9 11 7
India 1 15 43 94 86 51 - - - - - - 56 57 55
Indonesia 1 4 23 97 86 63 - - - - - - 53 55 51
Iran (Islamic 2 5 19 - - - - - - - - - 42 45 38
Republic of)
Iraq 11 33 52 76 46 32 - - - - - - - - -
Ireland 1 0 1 - - - - - - - - - 2 2 2
Israel 4 3 4 100 99 - - - - - - - 14 - -
Italy 3 2 5 100 99 85 - - - - - - 5 6 5
Jamaica 16 20 17 99 95 87 50 50 50 62 58 67 - - -
Japan 0 0 2 - - - - - - - - - 4 5 3
Jordan 3 5 17 97 87 57 - - - - - - 62 67 58
Kazakhstan 4 2 0 100 97 98 - - - - - - 10 13 7
Kenya 17 4 31 90 84 59 - - - - - - 79 x 81 x 77 x
Kiribati 12 10 11 94 78 17 22 19 24 35 30 41 - - -
Kuwait 3 9 20 - - - - - - - - - 51 58 44
Kyrgyzstan 4 7 36 99 99 83 57 x 57 x 57 x 69 x 67 x 70 x 64 - -
Lao People's
Democratic 9 35 64 83 54 31 - - - - - - 98 98 97
Republic
Latvia 1 1 6 100 99 91 - - - - - - 8 11 6
Lebanon 24 32 53 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Lesotho 27 29 58 80 44 32 13 11 15 44 34 53 97 - -
Liberia 38 44 46 31 27 19 - - - - - - - - -
Libya - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Liechtenstein 1 3 10 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Lithuania 0 1 1 100 99 91 - - - - - - 3 4 2
Luxembourg 0 2 14 98 97 79 - - - - - - 3 4 2
Madagascar 3 37 68 50 23 14 7 6 8 23 21 26 95 - -
Malawi 2 30 79 49 23 15 13 12 13 19 17 20 - - -
Malaysia 2 9 33 - - - - - - - - - 42 50 34
Maldives 10 1 34 98 91 40 - - - - - - - - -
Mali 33 55 76 46 17 8 - - - - - - 90 91 90
Malta 7 2 10 - - - - - - - - - 10 11 9
Marshall Islands 2 2 23 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mauritania 31 33 62 58 37 15 - - - - - - 95 - -
Mauritius 2 9 25 - - 69 - - - - - - 40 - -
Mexico 0 8 31 98 91 64 - - - - - - 48 46 40

68
TABLE 11. EDUCATION

Equitable access Completion Foundational learning skills

Out-of-school rate Completion rate Learning outcomes

2000–2024 (R) 2000–2023 (R) 2014–2022 (R)
Learning poverty rate
2001–2022 (R)

Foundational numeracy skills Foundational reading skills

Lower Upper Lower Upper
Primary Primary
secondary secondary secondary secondary
education education
education education education education
Countries
and areas Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female

Micronesia
(Federated 16 17 38 - - - - - - - - - - - -
States of)
Monaco - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mongolia 5 4 12 99 95 77 46 44 48 63 63 64 39 41 38
Montenegro 0 0 13 97 95 86 - - - - - - 16 - -
Montserrat 0 7 12 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Morocco 1 2 21 69 38 15 - - - - - - 60 66 53
Mozambique 1 41 58 54 28 18 - - - - - - - - -
Myanmar 2 12 37 83 45 17 - - - - - - 89 - -
Namibia 0 0 12 87 76 30 - - - - - - - - -
Nauru 4 10 31 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Nepal 4 6 20 86 78 36 37 38 36 39 38 40 - - -
Netherlands 0 0 5 - - - - - - - - - 4 6 3
(Kingdom of the)
New Zealand 3 2 7 - - - - - - - - - 11 13 9
Nicaragua 10 17 37 75 51 41 - - - - - - 79 75 66
Niger 38 72 88 26 5 2 - - - - - - 90 91 100
Nigeria 36 - - 73 68 54 25 25 25 27 25 28 - - -
Niue 13 8 17 - - - - - - - - - - - -
North 3 4 30 98 94 83 41 47 35 64 58 70 33 37 29
Macedonia
Norway 1 0 6 100 100 81 - - - - - - 4 6 3
Oman 4 8 23 - - - - - - - - - 41 - -
Pakistan 25 28 48 60 50 23 8 pm 9 pm 7 pm 27 pm 27 pm 26 pm 80 79 80
Palau 13 6 17 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Panama 10 12 32 97 89 74 - - - - - - 79 72 66
Papua New 1 31 57 61 50 17 - - - - - - - - -
Guinea
Paraguay 12 17 28 96 87 73 - - - - - - 78 77 73
Peru 0 1 13 98 94 89 - - - - - - 44 56 53
Philippines 10 9 20 96 84 67 - - - - - - 91 92 90
Poland 0 0 0 98 94 94 - - - - - - 6 6 5
Portugal 0 0 1 99 99 90 - - - - - - 8 9 7
Qatar 8 5 13 99 96 83 - - - - - - 21 25 17
Republic of 1 0 4 100 100 98 - - - - - - 3 3 3
Korea
Republic of 26 21 60 99 97 65 - - - - - - 11 - -
Moldova
Romania 16 16 25 98 96 84 - - - - - - 18 20 16
Russian 5 0 45 100 100 90 - - - - - - 4 - -
Federation
Rwanda 0 5 38 63 30 21 - - - - - - - - -
Saint Kitts and 1 13 5 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Nevis
Saint Lucia 7 13 20 100 94 83 - - - - - - - - -
Saint Vincent
and the 1 2 3 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Grenadines
Samoa 3 1 23 98 97 57 23 19 28 52 46 59 - - -
San Marino 7 9 60 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Sao Tome and
Principe 6 7 27 87 60 32 36 36 37 38 35 42 - - -

Saudi Arabia 3 1 7 - - - - - - - - - 32 40 27
Senegal 27 65 82 47 30 11 - - - - - - 69 72 65
Serbia 2 0 12 100 98 83 - - - - - - 9 10 8
Seychelles 3 2 18 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Sierra Leone 2 18 30 69 47 20 2 2 1 16 17 15 - - -
Singapore 1 0 2 - - - - - - - - - 3 5 2
Slovakia 3 3 9 - - - - - - - - - 22 24 21
Slovenia 1 1 3 100 99 95 - - - - - - 7 - -
Solomon Islands 29 18 31 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Somalia - - - 50 48 9 - - - - - - - - -
South Africa 12 1 9 98 94 63 - - - - - - 82 87 77
South Sudan 63 58 62 25 15 6 - - - - - - - - -
Spain 2 2 6 99 97 76 - - - - - - 7 8 7
Sri Lanka 1 4 14 99 98 46 - - - - - - 15 - -

69
TABLE 11. EDUCATION

Equitable access Completion Foundational learning skills

Out-of-school rate Completion rate Learning outcomes

2000–2024 (R) 2000–2023 (R) 2014–2022 (R)
Learning poverty rate
2001–2022 (R)

Foundational numeracy skills Foundational reading skills

Lower Upper Lower Upper
Primary Primary
secondary secondary secondary secondary
education education
education education education education
Countries
and areas Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female

State of 9 6 25 99 92 62 47 47 46 53 48 57 - - -
Palestine
Sudan 34 30 49 65 51 31 - - - - - - - - -
Suriname 49 21 40 86 50 23 25 24 26 47 47 47 - - -
Sweden 1 0 3 99 99 81 - - - - - - 5 6 4
Switzerland 0 0 8 99 99 93 - - - - - - - - -
Syrian Arab 24 52 73 96 46 28 - - - - - - - - -
Republic
Tajikistan 4 5 39 99 94 72 - - - - - - - - -
Thailand 2 5 22 99 90 71 65 64 66 71 68 75 23 26 21
Timor-Leste 5 13 26 81 66 52 - - - - - - - - -
Togo 1 25 54 80 47 21 9 9 9 18 17 18 82 82 81
Tokelau 18 39 80 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Tonga 1 1 33 98 92 84 52 51 54 62 60 65 - - -
Trinidad and 34 33 3 99 95 80 66 62 69 80 77 83 21 25 17
Tobago
Tunisia 2 - - 93 76 36 28 30 26 66 64 68 66 70 61
Türkiye 0 0 6 98 93 64 - - - - - - 19 20 17
Turkmenistan - 1 17 99 99 16 70 68 72 82 82 82 - - -
Turks and Caicos 5 10 6 99 99 98 63 64 61 78 74 84 - - -
Islands
Tuvalu 1 13 47 100 85 55 39 33 46 55 55 54 - - -
Uganda 12 49 75 27 23 16 - - - - - - 82 - -
Ukraine 16 11 22 100 99 95 - - - - - - 28 29 26
United Arab 0 0 0 - - - - - - - - - 26 31 21
Emirates
United Kingdom 0 1 5 100 100 84 - - - - - - 3 4 3
United Republic 16 51 85 74 28 9 - - - - - - - - -
of Tanzania
United States 4 1 5 100 99 95 - - - - - - 10 10 9
Uruguay 0 1 9 99 83 49 - - - - - - 44 46 37
Uzbekistan 1 1 22 100 99 95 - - - - - - 32 - -
Vanuatu 9 24 16 81 38 7 38 x 36 x 40 x 47 x 47 x 47 x - - -
Venezuela
(Bolivarian 1 2 23 94 80 70 - - - - - - - - -
Republic of)
Viet Nam 0 1 5 98 87 58 74 75 73 83 84 83 18 20 16
Yemen 24 34 60 68 53 37 - - - - - - 95 95 94
Zambia 14 - - 72 51 28 - - - - - - 99 - -
Zimbabwe 6 8 48 89 54 14 25 23 27 44 41 48 - - -

SUMMARY

East Asia and - - - 97 86 69 - - - - - - 32 x -x -x

Pacific
Europe and - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Central Asia
Eastern Europe
and Central Asia 5 3 20 99 97 79 - - - - - - 17 x -x -x

Western 1 1 5 99 97 85 - - - - - - 8x 7x 5x
Europe
Latin America
and the 4 7 19 95 85 68 - - - - - - 52 x 54 x 49 x
Caribbean
Middle East and 6 14 31 86 67 48 - - - - - - 57 x 62 x 55 x
North Africa
North America 4 1 6 100 99 95 - - - - - - 9x 10 x 9x
South Asia 6 17 41 85 77 44 - - - - - - 60 x 61 x 59 x
Sub-Saharan - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Africa
Eastern and 16 37 55 63 37 27 - - - - - - 87 x -x -x
Southern Africa
West and
Central Africa 27 45 - 63 47 34 - - - - - - 85 x 86 x 87 x

Least developed - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
countries
World 9 16 34 84 74 53 - - - - - - 49 x 54 x 52 x

For a complete list of countries and areas in the regions, subregions and country categories, see page on Regional Classifications or visit <https://data.unicef.org/regionalclassifications>.
It is not advisable to compare data from consecutive editions of The State of the World’s Children report.

70
TABLE 11. EDUCATION

The database on foundational learning skills based on the MICS6 provides disaggregation by sex, place of residence, wealth, and age group. For more information, please click here <
https://data.unicef.org/resources/dataset/learning-and-skills/>.

NOTES are not enrolled in primary or secondary school, expressed as a and numeracy skills. Foundational reading skills assess children
- Data not available. percentage of the population of official lower secondary school on reading accuracy and reading comprehension. Foundational
age. numeracy skills assess children on number reading, number
x Data refer to years or periods other than those specified in
Out-of-school rate for children of upper secondary school discrimination, addition and patter recognition.
the column heading. Such data are not included in the
age – Number of children of upper secondary school age who Learning poverty rate – Measures the percentage of children
calculation of regional and global averages. Estimates from
are not enrolled in primary or secondary school or higher who, by age 10, cannot read and comprehend a basic text. This
data years prior to 2000 are not displayed.
education, expressed as a percentage of the population of indicator integrates both schooling and learning dimensions: it
R Data refer to the most recent year available during the period
official upper secondary school age. starts with the proportion of children who have not reached
specified in the column heading.
minimum reading proficiency levels (as assessed in schools) and is
pm The value for Pakistan was aggregated using MICS6 data at Completion rate for primary education – Number of
then adjusted to account for out-of-school children, who are
the provincial level and weighted according to the population children or young people aged 3–5 years above the intended
presumed to lack reading proficiency.
of each province. age for the last grade of primary education who have
completed the last grade of primary school.
Completion rate for lower secondary education – Number
MAIN DATA SOURCES
DEFINITIONS OF THE INDICATORS of children or young people aged 3–5 years above the intended
Out of school rate – UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS). Last
Out-of-school rate for children of primary school age – age for the last grade of lower secondary education who have update: September 2024.
Number of children of official primary school age who are not completed the last grade of lower secondary. Completion rate – UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS). Last
enrolled in pre-primary, primary or secondary school, Completion rate for upper secondary education – Number update: September 2024.
expressed as a percentage of the population of official primary of children or young people aged 3–5 years above the intended Foundational learning skills – MICS data. Last update: February
school age. age for the last grade of upper secondary education who have 2024.
Out-of-school rate for children of lower secondary school completed the last grade of upper secondary. Learning poverty rate – World Bank Data Catalogue. Last
age – Number of children of lower secondary school age who Foundational learning skills – Refer to the proportion of update: July 2024.
children aged 7–14 years old that have foundational reading

71
 TABLE 12. CHILD PROTECTION

Child protection refers to the prevention of and response to violence, exploitation and abuse of children in all contexts. There are
many violations that children can be subjected to, but the lack of comparable data limits reporting on the full spectrum. In view of this,
the child protection table presents data on a few issues for which comparable and nationally representative data are available.

Birth registration

Changes in the definition of birth registration were made from the third round of MICS (MICS3) to the fourth round (MICS4). To allow
for comparability with later rounds, data from MICS3 on birth registration were recalculated according to the MICS4 indicator
definition. Therefore, the recalculated data presented here may differ from estimates included in MICS3 national reports.

Child labour

This indicator is consistent with one of the two indicators used for SDG reporting on indicator 8.7.1. It reflects the proportion of
children engaged in economic activities and/or household chores at/or above age-specific hourly thresholds (general production
boundary basis). For the 5–11 year age group, the threshold refers to children who work at least one hour per week in economic
activity and/or are involved in unpaid household services for more than 21 hours per week. For the 12–14 year age group, the
threshold reflects children who work at least 14 hours per week in economic activity and/or are involved in unpaid household services
for more than 21 hours per week. For the 15–17 year age group, it refers to children who work more than 43 hours per week in
economic activity (no hourly threshold is set for unpaid household services for this age group). Country estimates compiled and
presented in the global SDG database and reproduced in The State of the World’s Children have been re-analysed by UNICEF and the
International Labour Organization (ILO) in accordance with the definitions and criteria detailed above. This means that country data
values will differ from those published in national survey reports.

Child marriage

This statistical table presents the share of individuals who were first married or in union before 18 years of age. While the practice is
more widespread among girls, marriage in childhood is a rights violation for both sexes. Therefore, the prevalence of child marriage
is shown for both males and females. A secondary indicator on child marriage, shown in the share of women married before 15 years
of age, was featured in previous editions of The State of the World’s Children. In recent years, the indicator has been removed to allow
space for data on other topics. The indicator continues to be monitored by UNICEF, and relevant data can be found at
<data.unicef.org>.

Female genital mutilation (FGM)

Data on the prevalence of FGM among girls aged 0–14 years were recalculated for technical reasons and may differ from those
presented in original DHS and MICS country reports. Beginning with the 2019 edition of The State of the World’s Children, attitudes
towards the practice are shown as the share of the population opposing (rather than supporting) FGM. This measure was shown for
both males and females in previous editions of the report, but data for males have been removed in recent editions, to make room for
data on other topics. The indicator continues to be monitored by UNICEF, and relevant data can be found at <data.unicef.org>.

Regional estimates on the prevalence of FGM and attitudes towards the practice are based on available data only from practising
countries with nationally representative data. Since each region includes some countries that do not practise FGM, the data reflect
the situation among those living in specific countries where the practice is ongoing.

Violent discipline

The reference age group for this indicator was revised, beginning with MICS5, to children aged 1–14 years. Therefore, estimates from
MICS3 and MICS4 are not directly comparable since they refer to children aged 2–14 years.

THE STATE OF THE WORLD'S CHILDREN 2024 72

 Children in residential care and children in detention

Figures for these indicators are based on underlying data that rely on the strength of a country’s data system and on the degree of
coordination between the bodies and institutions that collect these data. Overall, there are several limitations in the availability,
consistency and coverage of underlying country data based on administrative records. Therefore, data on these indicators are best
interpreted as providing an indication, albeit approximate, of whether, and how well, a country’s data system is able to generate and
make available a count of these child populations. Accordingly, higher reported figures may actually reflect a more comprehensive
system of identifying and monitoring such children and a greater capacity for the systematic collection of such data, rather than an
indication of a larger population. Regional estimates should be interpreted with consideration of the wide variation in the number of
children and the capacity of record-keeping and reporting systems among countries in the same region.

THE STATE OF THE WORLD'S CHILDREN 2024 73

TABLE 12. CHILD PROTECTION
Female genital mutilation (%)
(H) Justification of Children in Children in
Child marriage 2014–2022 (R) wife-beating Sexual violence in residential detention
Child labour (%) (H) Birth registration (%) (H) Violent discipline (%) (H)
(%) (H) among childhood (%) care (H) (H)
2015–2023 (R) 2014–2023 (R) 2015–2023 (R)
2015–2023 (R) adolescents (%) 2014–2022 (R) 2010– 2013–
Prevalence Attitudes 2015–2022 (R) 2023 (R) 2023 (R)

Children Want the

Married by 18 Children under 5
under 1 Women practice Total per Total per
Total Male Female Girls (Fb) Male Female Total Male Female Male Female
Countries (Fa) to stop
(Fc)
100,000 100,000
and areas Male Female Total Total Male Female

Afghanistan 19 20 19 7 29 52 48 49 47 - - - 71 y 78 y 88 88 87 - 1y 15 40 y
Albania 3 x,y 4 x,y 3 x,y 1 12 98 98 99 98 - - - 11 5 48 y 49 y 45 y - - 94 13
Algeria 3 3 2 - 4 99 100 100 100 - - - - 25 84 85 83 - - - 18
Andorra - - - - - - 100 y,v 100 y,v 100 y,v - - - - - - - - - - - 0
Angola 19 17 20 6 30 12 25 25 25 - - - 24 25 - - - - 5 - -
Anguilla - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 183 254
Antigua and - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 38 13
Barbuda
Argentina 2 2 2 - 16 y 99 y 100 y 100 y 99 y - - - - 4y 59 y 60 y 58 y - - 72 37
Armenia 4 5 3 0 5 100 99 99 99 - - - 25 9 69 71 67 - 0 175 2
Australia - - - - - - 100 y,v 100 y,v 100 y,v - - - - - - - - - - 56 33
Austria - - - - - - 100 y,v 100 y,v 100 y,v - - - - - - - - - - 410 28
Azerbaijan - - - 0x 11 x 88 x 94 x 93 x 94 x - - - 63 x 24 x 77 x,y 80 x,y 74 x,y - 0x 457 12
Bahamas - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 61
Bahrain - - - - - - 100 100 100 - - - - - - - - - - - 747
Bangladesh 7 9 5 4x 51 40 56 56 56 - - - - 17 89 89 89 - 4y 25 4
Barbados 1 x,y 2 x,y 1 x,y - 29 x,y 94 x 99 x 99 x 99 x - - - - 5x 75 x,y 78 x,y 72 x,y - - 168 y 66
Belarus 4 5 3 2 5 - 100 y 100 y 100 y - - - 0 1 57 59 55 - - 254 39
Belgium - - - - 0y - 100 y,v 100 y,v 100 y,v - - - - - - - - - - - 0
Belize 3x 4x 3x 22 y 34 y 90 96 95 96 - - - 8 6 65 67 63 - - 88 y 78 y
Benin 20 y 20 y 19 y 5y 28 y 90 y 93 y 93 y 92 y 9 0 86 14 y 26 y 88 y 88 y 88 y - 5 - 8
Bhutan 4 x,y 3 x,y 4 x,y - 26 x 100 x 100 x 100 x 100 x - - - - 70 x - - - - - 1,266 19 y
Bolivia
(Plurinational 14 14 13 5 20 - 92 y - - - - - - 34 y - - - - - 128 122 y
State of)
Bosnia and - - - 0x 4x 98 x 100 x 100 x 99 x - - - 5x 1x 55 x,y 60 x,y 50 x,y - - 149 y 66
Herzegovina
Botswana - - - - - - 100 y 100 y 100 y - - - - - - - - - - 202 244
Brazil 2 2 1 - 26 x - 96 - - - - - - - - - - - - 63 37 y
British Virgin - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 17 y 0
Islands
Brunei - - - - - - 100 y - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Darussalam
Bulgaria - - - - - - 100 y,v 100 y,v 100 y,v - - - - - - - - - - 196 5
Burkina Faso 42 y 43 y 40 y 2 51 81 y 85 y 85 y 85 y 56 y 9y 87 y 28 y 39 y 76 y 78 y 75 y - 2y 32 27
Burundi 31 30 32 1 19 73 84 84 83 - - - 48 63 90 91 89 0 4 114 15
Cabo Verde - - - 2 8 - 91 x - - - - - 6 7 - - - - - 185 94
Cambodia 13 x 12 x 14 x 3 18 85 92 92 92 - - - 17 33 66 68 65 - 1 123 y 173
Cameroon 39 x 40 x 38 x 3 30 56 62 62 62 1x - 84 x 34 28 85 x 85 x 85 x 2 7 37 17
Canada - - - - - - 100 y,v 100 y,v 100 y,v - - - - - - - - - - - 19 y
Central African
Republic 27 25 29 17 61 41 45 46 44 22 1 69 38 61 90 90 90 - - - 18

Chad 39 39 40 8 61 22 26 26 26 34 7 53 54 74 85 85 86 - 2 - 21
Chile 6x 7x 5x - - - 99 x,y - - - - - - - 63 y 64 y 61 y - - 162 190
China - - - 1y 3y - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 16 21
Colombia 7 5 10 7 23 94 97 97 97 - - - 5 4 - - - 0 2y 74 136
Comoros 9 9 10 7 21 92 95 95 95 - - - 22 18 67 69 65 - 3x - -
Congo 14 13 15 6x 27 94 96 96 96 - - - 45 56 83 83 82 - - - 20
Cook Islands - - - - - - 100 y 100 y 100 y - - - - - - - - - - - 7,362 y
Costa Rica 4 4 3 - 17 - 96 y - - - - - - 3 49 50 49 - - 309 17
Côte d'Ivoire 15 14 16 2 26 95 96 95 96 37 10 79 25 28 75 76 75 - 4 28 38
Croatia - - - - - - 100 y 100 y 100 y - - - - - - - - - - 198 y 18
Cuba - - - 6 29 99 100 100 100 - - - 1 3 42 43 40 - - 19 0
Cyprus - - - - - - 100 y,v 100 y,v 100 y,v - - - - - - - - - - - 60
Czechia - - - - - - 100 y,v 100 y,v 100 y,v - - - - - - - - - - 1,160 22
Democratic
People's 4 5 4 0 0 100 x 100 x 100 x 100 x - - - 4 4 59 63 55 - - - -
Republic of
Korea
Democratic
Republic of the 15 13 17 6 29 38 40 40 40 - - - 52 60 89 90 88 - 13 - -
Congo
Denmark - - - - 1y - 100 y 100 y 100 y - - - - - - - - - - 554 y 69
Djibouti - - - - 7 91 x 92 x 93 x 91 x 90 31 66 - 35 y 72 x,y 73 x,y 71 x,y - - - -
Dominica - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 148 0
Dominican
Republic 4 5 3 8x 32 89 92 92 93 - - - 14 x 3 64 65 62 - 1x 84 58

Ecuador - - - - 22 71 y 77 y 77 y 78 y - - - - - 51 y 53 y 49 y - 2y 29 9
Egypt 4y 4y 3y 0x 16 y 98 y 99 y 99 y 99 y 87 14 y 38 - 27 y 83 y 84 y 81 y - - 28 y -
El Salvador 7 7 7 - 20 96 99 99 99 - - - - 10 x 55 57 52 - - 32 64 y

74
TABLE 12. CHILD PROTECTION

Female genital mutilation (%)

(H) Justification of Children in Children in
Child marriage 2014–2022 (R) wife-beating Sexual violence in residential detention
Child labour (%) (H) Birth registration (%) (H) Violent discipline (%) (H)
(%) (H) among childhood (%) care (H) (H)
2015–2023 (R) 2014–2023 (R) 2015–2023 (R)
2015–2023 (R) adolescents (%) 2014–2022 (R) 2010– 2013–
Prevalence Attitudes 2015–2022 (R) 2023 (R) 2023 (R)

Children Want the

Married by 18 Children under 5
under 1 Women practice Total per Total per
Total Male Female Girls (Fb) Male Female Total Male Female Male Female
Countries (Fa) to stop
(Fc)
100,000 100,000
and areas Male Female Total Total Male Female

Equatorial - - - 4x 30 x - 54 x 53 x 54 x - - - 56 x 57 x - - - - - - 13
Guinea
Eritrea - - - 2x 41 x - - - - 83 x 33 x 82 x 60 x 51 x - - - - - 22 -
Estonia - - - - - - 100 y 100 y 100 y - - - - - - - - - - 368 17
Eswatini 14 13 14 0 2 57 66 67 64 - - - 6 15 79 81 78 - 3y 353 117
Ethiopia 45 y 51 y 39 y 5 40 2 3 3 3 65 16 79 33 60 - - - - 5 - -
Fiji 17 20 14 2 4 71 87 87 86 - - - 19 20 81 82 79 - - 40 -
Finland - - - - 0y - 100 y 100 y 100 y - - - - - - - - - - - 11
France - - - - - - 100 y,v 100 y,v 100 y,v - - - - - - - - - - - 3
Gabon 12 13 11 5 13 94 96 96 95 - - - 40 37 81 83 79 - 9 47 1,273
Gambia 17 17 17 0 23 41 59 60 58 73 46 46 50 57 89 90 88 - 5 - 4
Georgia 2 2 1 1 14 98 99 99 99 - - - - - 69 71 67 - - 42 y 25
Germany - - - - - - 100 y 100 y 100 y - - - - - - - - - - 429 16
Ghana 20 19 22 2 16 61 75 74 75 2 0 94 26 25 94 94 94 - 7 24 6
Greece - - - - - - 100 y,v 100 y,v 100 y,v - - - - - - - - - - 149 10
Grenada - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 14 y 276 142
Guatemala - - - 10 30 89 y 96 y - - - - - 12 14 - - - 1 4 73 260
Guinea 24 24 25 2 47 57 62 62 62 95 39 26 57 65 89 90 89 - - 18 21
Guinea-Bissau 17 18 16 2 26 36 46 47 45 52 30 76 30 34 76 75 76 - - 41 0y
Guyana 6 7 6 12 y 32 y 97 98 98 98 - - - 10 12 73 75 70 - - 309 18
Haiti 36 x,y 44 x,y 26 x,y 2 15 57 85 84 85 - - - 15 23 83 84 82 - 5 594 20
Holy See - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Honduras 15 18 13 10 34 87 97 97 97 - - - 7 7 63 64 61 - 5 172 10 y
Hungary - - - - - - 100 y,v 100 y,v 100 y,v - - - - - - - - - - 340 39 y
Iceland - - - - - - 100 y,v 100 y,v 100 y,v - - - - - - - - - - - 0
India - - - 3 23 87 89 89 89 - - - 35 35 - - - - 1 82 29
Indonesia - - - - 16 - 83 y - - - 55 y - 32 y,p 40 - - - - - 618 11
Iran (Islamic - - - - 17 x - 99 x,y 99 x,y 99 x,y - - - - - - - - - - 35 -
Republic of)
Iraq 5 5 4 - 28 98 99 99 99 7 1 94 - 31 81 82 80 - - 3 24
Ireland - - - - - - 100 y,v 100 y,v 100 y,v - - - - - - - - - - 52 25
Israel - - - - - - 100 y,v 100 y,v 100 y,v - - - - - - - - - - - 28
Italy - - - - - - 100 y,v 100 y,v 100 y,v - - - - - - - - - - - 53
Jamaica 3 3 2 - 8x 100 100 - - - - - 28 x,y 17 85 x,y 87 x,y 82 x,y - 2y 173 75
Japan - - - - - - 100 y,v 100 y,v 100 y,v - - - - - - - - - - 169 0
Jordan 2 2 1 0 10 97 98 98 98 - - - 64 y 63 y 82 83 80 - - 15 105 y
Kazakhstan - - - 0x 7 99 100 100 100 - - - 14 x 8 53 55 50 - - 191 9
Kenya - - - 2y 13 y 74 y 76 y 76 y 76 y 15 y 2y 94 y 33 y 37 y - - - 3y 5y 225 1
Kiribati 17 19 15 9 18 85 92 93 90 - - - 63 64 92 92 92 - 6 - 172
Kuwait - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 28 -
Kyrgyzstan 22 25 19 0x 13 97 99 100 98 - - - 40 x 24 74 76 73 - - 864 47
Lao People's
Democratic 28 27 29 11 33 60 y 73 y 73 y 73 y - - - 17 30 69 70 68 - - - -
Republic
Latvia - - - - - - 100 y,v 100 y,v 100 y,v - - - - - - - - - - 377 29
Lebanon - - - - 6y 98 y 99 y 100 y 98 y - - - - 7y 57 y 60 y 54 y - - - 9
Lesotho 14 15 13 2 16 28 45 46 44 - - - 27 30 76 77 75 - - - 6y
Liberia 28 26 29 8 25 64 66 67 65 32 - 64 39 45 85 85 85 - 6 177 2
Libya - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Liechtenstein - - - - - - 100 y,v 100 y,v 100 y,v - - - - - - - - - - - 128
Lithuania - - - - 0y - 100 y 100 y 100 y - - - - - - - - - - 271 12
Luxembourg - - - - - - 100 y,v 100 y,v 100 y,v - - - - - - - - - - - 0
Madagascar 37 38 35 11 39 69 74 73 75 - - - 37 45 86 87 85 - 7 - 32
Malawi 14 14 14 7 38 72 67 68 66 - - - 19 24 82 82 82 - 4 69 -
Malaysia - - - - - - 98 y - - - - - - - 71 y 74 y 67 y - - 79 26 y
Maldives - - - 2 2 96 99 99 99 13 1 66 33 y 35 y - - - - 0 157 -
Mali 23 23 23 2y 54 y 87 y 87 y 88 y 86 y 89 y 73 y 18 y 50 74 73 73 73 - 7y 8 9
Malta - - - - - - 100 y,v 100 y,v 100 y,v - - - - - - - - - - 284 29
Marshall Islands - - - 12 x 26 x 80 84 85 82 - - - 71 x 47 x - - - - - - -
Mauritania 14 15 13 1 37 36 45 45 44 64 45 44 13 28 80 80 80 - 1 7 23
Mauritius - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 27
Mexico 5 6 3 - 21 89 y 97 y 97 y 97 y - - - - 6 56 y 57 y 54 y - 13 y 57 18
Micronesia
(Federated - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
States of)
Monaco - - - - - - 100 y,v 100 y,v 100 y,v - - - - - - - - - - - 0
Mongolia 15 16 13 2 12 98 100 100 100 - - - 3 8 49 53 45 - - 90 y 107

75
TABLE 12. CHILD PROTECTION

Female genital mutilation (%)

(H) Justification of Children in Children in
Child marriage 2014–2022 (R) wife-beating Sexual violence in residential detention
Child labour (%) (H) Birth registration (%) (H) Violent discipline (%) (H)
(%) (H) among childhood (%) care (H) (H)
2015–2023 (R) 2014–2023 (R) 2015–2023 (R)
2015–2023 (R) adolescents (%) 2014–2022 (R) 2010– 2013–
Prevalence Attitudes 2015–2022 (R) 2023 (R) 2023 (R)

Children Want the

Married by 18 Children under 5
under 1 Women practice Total per Total per
Total Male Female Girls (Fb) Male Female Total Male Female Male Female
Countries (Fa) to stop
(Fc)
100,000 100,000
and areas Male Female Total Total Male Female

Montenegro 8 9 7 3 6 98 x 99 x 100 x 99 x - - - 14 2 66 66 66 - - 78 26
Montserrat - - - - - - 100 y 100 y 100 y - - - - - - - - - - 0 0
Morocco - - - - 14 - 97 y 97 y 97 y - - - - 64 x - - - - - 83 y 31
Mozambique - - - 10 53 46 55 54 56 - - - 21 14 - - - 0 2 17 y 50 y
Myanmar 10 10 10 5 16 78 81 82 81 - - - 57 53 77 y 80 y 75 y - 1 2y 20 y
Namibia - - - 1x 7x 65 y 78 y - - - - - 30 x 28 x - - - - 1x 93 5
Nauru - - - 12 x 27 x - 96 x - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Nepal 22 x 20 x 23 x 7 35 51 73 74 72 - - - 24 21 82 83 81 - 4 105 14 y
Netherlands
(Kingdom of the) - - - - - - 100 y,v 100 y,v 100 y,v - - - - - - - - - - - 40

New Zealand - - - - - - 100 y,v 100 y,v 100 y,v - - - - - - - - - - 91 25

Nicaragua - - - 19 x 35 x - 85 x - - - - - - 8 x,y - - - - - 100 -
Niger 34 x,y 34 x,y 35 x,y 6x 76 x - 66 y 67 y 65 y 2x - 82 x 28 y 30 y 82 x,y 82 x,y 81 x,y - - 17 -
Nigeria 32 y 33 y 30 y 2y 30 y 50 y 57 y 58 y 57 y 15 y 8y 77 y 27 y 29 y 90 y 90 y 90 y - 5 - -
Niue - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
North 3 4 2 - 8 99 100 100 100 - - - - 11 73 76 70 - - 28 22
Macedonia
Norway - - - - 0y - 100 y,v 100 y,v 100 y,v - - - - - - - - - - - 5
Oman - - - - 4x - 100 y 100 y 100 y - - - - 10 x - - - - - 13 -
Pakistan 11 y 13 y 10 y 5y 18 y 35 y 42 y 43 y 42 y - - - 58 y,p 51 y - - - - 1y - 3
Palau - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Panama 2 3 1 - 26 x - 97 97 97 - - - 23 y 23 y 45 x 47 x 43 x - 3 70 42
Papua New - - - 4 27 13 13 13 14 - - - 72 69 - - - - 7 - 11
Guinea
Paraguay 18 20 13 - 22 55 y 72 y 72 y 71 y - - - - 7 52 55 49 - - 33 27
Peru 15 14 15 - 14 - 96 - - - - - - - - - - - - 85 87
Philippines - - - 3x 9 92 94 94 94 - - - - 11 59 61 56 - 2 8 1
Poland - - - - - - 100 y 100 y 100 y - - - - - - - - - - 210 24
Portugal - - - - - - 100 y 100 y 100 y - - - - - - - - - - - 125
Qatar - - - 1x 4x - 100 y 100 y 100 y - - - 22 x 5x 50 x,y 53 x,y 46 x,y - - - -
Republic of - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 19
Korea
Republic of - - - 1x 12 x 98 x 100 x 99 x 100 x - - - 14 x 13 x 76 x,y 77 x,y 74 x,y - 5x 90 29
Moldova
Romania - - - - 7y - 100 y 100 y 100 y - - - - - - - - - - 258 29
Russian - - - - 6 - 100 y,v 100 y,v 100 y,v - - - - - - - - - - 124 73
Federation
Rwanda 19 x,y 17 x,y 21 x,y 0 6 78 86 86 85 - - - 24 53 - - - 3 12 46 34
Saint Kitts and - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 45 52
Nevis
Saint Lucia 3 x,y 5 x,y 2 x,y - 24 x,y 78 x 92 x 91 x 93 x - - - - 15 x 68 x,y 71 x,y 64 x,y - - 108 89
Saint Vincent
and the - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 85 33
Grenadines
Samoa 14 16 11 2 7 41 67 67 67 - - - 22 26 91 92 89 - 5 - -
San Marino - - - - - - 100 y,v 100 y,v 100 y,v - - - - - - - - - - - 0
Sao Tome and 11 9 12 3 28 99 99 99 98 - - - 10 17 84 84 82 - 3x - -
Principe
Saudi Arabia - - - - - - 99 y 100 y 99 y - - - - - - - - - - - -
Senegal 23 27 19 1 31 77 79 80 77 25 16 79 40 42 - - - - 0 116 13
Serbia 10 11 8 1x 6 100 100 100 100 - - - 6 x,y 2 45 46 43 - - 46 35
Seychelles - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 328
Sierra Leone 25 26 25 4 30 93 90 90 91 83 8 34 29 44 87 87 86 0 3 58 6
Singapore - - - - 0y - 100 y - - - - - - - - - - - - - 42
Slovakia - - - - - - 100 100 100 - - - - - - - - - - 480 y 25
Slovenia - - - - - - 100 y,v 100 y,v 100 y,v - - - - - - - - - - 114 y 18
Solomon Islands 18 y 17 y 19 y 4 21 - 88 87 89 - - - 60 78 86 y 86 y 85 y - - - -
Somalia - - - - 45 x 3x 3x 3x 3x 99 y - 19 y - 37 y - - - - - - -
South Africa 4y 4y 3y 1 4 - 89 y - - - - - 14 7 - - - - 1y 73 2
South Sudan - - - - 52 x 34 x 35 x 35 x 36 x - - - - 72 x - - - - - - -
Spain - - - - - - 100 y 100 y 100 y - - - - - - - - - - - 44
Sri Lanka 1 1 1 - 10 96 99 99 99 - - - - 22 51 53 48 - - 162 127
State of
Palestine 7 10 5 - 13 97 99 99 99 - - - - 18 90 92 88 4y 2y 165 148

Sudan 18 x 20 x 16 x - 34 x 62 67 69 66 87 30 53 - 36 x 64 x 65 x 63 x - - 3 3
Suriname 4 5 4 20 y 36 y 98 y 98 y 98 y 99 y - - - 8 6 87 89 86 - - 489 58 y
Sweden - - - - - - 100 y,v 100 y,v 100 y,v - - - - - - - - 4y 13 x,y - 8
Switzerland - - - - - - 100 y 100 y 100 y - - - - - - - - - - - 7

76
TABLE 12. CHILD PROTECTION

Female genital mutilation (%)

(H) Justification of Children in Children in
Child marriage 2014–2022 (R) wife-beating Sexual violence in residential detention
Child labour (%) (H) Birth registration (%) (H) Violent discipline (%) (H)
(%) (H) among childhood (%) care (H) (H)
2015–2023 (R) 2014–2023 (R) 2015–2023 (R)
2015–2023 (R) adolescents (%) 2014–2022 (R) 2010– 2013–
Prevalence Attitudes 2015–2022 (R) 2023 (R) 2023 (R)

Children Want the

Married by 18 Children under 5
under 1 Women practice Total per Total per
Total Male Female Girls (Fb) Male Female Total Male Female Male Female
Countries (Fa) to stop
(Fc)
100,000 100,000
and areas Male Female Total Total Male Female

Syrian Arab - - - - 13 x 89 x 96 x 96 x 96 x - - - - - 89 x,y 90 x,y 88 x,y - - - -

Republic
Tajikistan - - - - 9 90 96 96 96 - - - - 44 69 70 68 - 0 159 15
Thailand - - - 6 17 100 100 100 100 - - - 4 2 54 56 51 - - 191 47
Timor-Leste 9 9 10 1 15 38 60 60 61 - - - 48 69 - - - - 3 256 -
Togo 39 38 39 3 25 79 83 84 82 3 0 95 22 25 92 92 91 - 4 57 17 y
Tokelau - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Tonga 26 33 19 3 10 93 98 97 98 - - - 22 31 87 89 84 - 0 - -
Trinidad and
Tobago 4y 6y 3y - 4y 81 y 96 y 95 y 97 y - - - - 8x 67 y 70 y 65 y - 25 y 171 10

Tunisia 2 x,y 3 x,y 1 x,y 0 2 100 100 100 100 - - - 22 14 88 89 87 - - 61 35 y

Türkiye 4 4 4 - 15 97 y 98 y 98 y 99 y - - - - 6 56 57 54 - - 60 y 23 y
Turkmenistan 0 0 0 - 6 99 100 100 100 - - - - 46 69 70 67 - - 250 y 18
Turks and Caicos 6 9 3 5p 23 97 p 99 99 99 - - - 4p 0 79 81 78 - 1 164 0
Islands
Tuvalu 4 3 5 2 2 81 87 85 89 - - - 52 37 80 81 78 - 0 - -
Uganda 18 17 19 6 34 26 32 32 32 0 1x 83 x 53 58 85 85 85 1 5 224 20
Ukraine 3 x,y 3 x,y 3 x,y 4x 9x 99 x 100 x 100 x 100 x - - - 2x 2x 61 x,y 68 x,y 55 x,y - 2x 651 16
United Arab - - - - - - 100 y 100 y 100 y - - - - - - - - - - - 23
Emirates
United Kingdom - - - - 0 - 100 y,v 100 y,v 100 y,v - - - - - - - - 1y 8y 67 17
United Republic 25 x 26 x 24 x 4 29 57 68 68 67 8 1 98 37 47 - - - - 5 49 -
of Tanzania
United States - - - - - - 100 y,v 100 y,v 100 y,v - - - - - - - - - - 77 77
Uruguay 4x 5x 3x - 25 x 99 x 100 x 100 x 100 x - - - - 3x 55 x,y 58 x,y 51 x,y - - 321 137
Uzbekistan 21 23 18 1x 3 100 100 100 100 - - - - 32 62 64 60 - - 250 -
Vanuatu 16 x,y 15 x,y 16 x,y 5x 21 x - 43 x,y 44 x,y 43 x,y - - - 63 x 56 x 84 x,y 83 x,y 84 x,y - - - -
Venezuela
(Bolivarian - - - - - - 81 y - - - - - - - - - - - - 31 381
Republic of)
Viet Nam 7 6 8 2 15 93 98 98 99 - - - 8 8 72 74 70 - - - 12
Yemen 16 y 14 y 18 y - 30 y 24 y 29 y 30 y 28 y 19 x 15 x 75 x - 49 x 86 y 86 y 85 y - - - 3
Zambia 23 x 23 x 23 x 3 29 13 14 14 14 - - - 32 47 - - - - 3 65 -
Zimbabwe 28 33 22 2 34 30 49 48 49 - - - 49 54 64 65 63 - 2 - 2

SUMMARY

East Asia and - - - 1 8 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 132 20

Pacific
Europe and - - - - 7 99 100 100 100 - - - - - - - - - - 230 26
Central Asia
Eastern Europe
and Central Asia - - - - 9 98 99 99 99 - - - - 16 59 61 58 - - 202 30

Western - - - - - 100 100 100 100 - - - - - - - - - - 293 23

Europe
Latin America
and the 5 5 5 - 21 88 95 - - - - - - 8 - - - - - 85 63
Caribbean
Middle East and 5 6 5 - 17 87 90 91 90 - - - - 29 83 84 82 - - 34 -
North Africa
North America - - - - - 100 100 100 100 - - - - - - - - - - - 72
South Asia - - - 3 26 71 76 76 76 - - - 40 36 - - - - 2 75 24
Sub-Saharan 27 28 26 4 31 48 55 54 53 35 13 75 33 41 86 87 86 - 5 - -
Africa
Eastern and 28 30 26 5 30 39 48 45 44 43 - - 33 43 - - - - 4 97 -
Southern Africa
West and
Central Africa 26 26 25 3 32 56 61 61 60 28 13 73 34 40 87 88 87 - 6 - -

Least developed 23 23 22 5 37 44 50 51 50 - - - 39 44 85 86 84 - 5 61 16
countries
World - - - 3 19 73 78 78 78 - - - 35 34 - - - - 3 102 28

For a complete list of countries and areas in the regions, subregions and country categories, see page on Regional Classifications or visit <https://data.unicef.org/regionalclassifications>.
It is not advisable to compare data from consecutive editions of The State of the World’s Children report.

77
TABLE 12. CHILD PROTECTION

NOTES reference week, did at least one hour of economic activity and/ Children in residential care – Rate of children 0–17 years old
- Data not available. or more than 21 hours of unpaid household services, (b) in residential care per 100,000. Residential care is defined in
x Data refer to years or periods other than those specified in children 12–14 years old who, during the reference week, did at the Guidelines for the Alternative Care of Children (para 29 (c)
the column heading. Such data are not included in the least 14 hours of economic activity and/or more than 21 hours iv) as: 'care provided in any non-family-based group setting,
calculation of regional and global averages. Estimates from of unpaid household services, (c) children 15–17 years old who, such as places of safety for emergency care, transit centres in
data years prior to 2000 are not displayed. during the reference week, did at least 43 hours of economic emergency situations, and all other short- and long-term
H A more detailed explanation of the methodology and the activity. residential care facilities, including group homes'. This includes
changes in calculating these estimates can be found in the Child marriage – Percentage of women 20–24 years old who 'orphanages', and small group homes.
section titled, General note on the data. were first married or in union before they were 18 years old; Children in detention – Rate of children under age 18 years
R Data refer to the most recent year available during the period percentage of men 20–24 years old who were first married or in in detention per 100,000. The definition of 'detention' includes
specified in the column heading. union before they were 18 years old. children detained pre-trial, pre-sentence and post–sentencing
Italicized data are from older sources than data presented for Birth registration – Percentage of children under age 5 and in any type of facility (including police custody).
other indicators on the same topic within this table. Such under age 1 who were registered at the moment of the survey.
discrepancies may be due to an indicator being unavailable in The numerator of this indicator includes children reported to
the latest data source, or to the databases for each indicator have a birth certificate, regardless of whether or not it was seen MAIN DATA SOURCES
having been updated as of different dates. by the interviewer, and those without a birth certificate whose Child labour – Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS),
p Based on small denominators (typically 25–49 unweighted mother or caregiver says the birth has been registered. Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) and other national
cases). No data based on fewer than 25 unweighted cases are Female genital mutilation (FGM) – (Fa) Women: percentage surveys. Last update: March 2024.
displayed. of women 15–49 years old who have undergone FGM; (Fb) girls: Child marriage – DHS, MICS and other national surveys. Last
v Estimates of 100 per cent were assumed given that civil percentage of girls 0–14 years old who have undergone FGM update: March 2024.
registration systems in these countries are complete and all (as reported by their mothers); (Fc) want the practice to stop: Birth registration – DHS, MICS, other national surveys,
vital events (including births) are registered. Source: United percentage of women 15–49 years old who have heard about censuses and vital registration systems. Last update: March
Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistics FGM and think the practice should stop. 2024.
Division, last update January 2021. Justification of wife-beating among adolescents – Female genital mutilation – DHS, MICS and other national
y Data differ from the standard definition or refer to only part Percentage of girls and boys 15–19 years old who consider a surveys. Last update: March 2024.
of a country. If they fall within the noted reference period, such husband to be justified in hitting or beating his wife for at least Justification of wife-beating among adolescents – DHS,
data are included in the calculation of regional and global one of the specified reasons, i.e., if his wife burns the food, MICS and other national surveys. Last update: March 2024.
averages. argues with him, goes out without telling him, neglects the Violent discipline – DHS, MICS and other national surveys.
children or refuses sexual relations. Last update: March 2024.
Violent discipline – Percentage of children 1–14 years old who Sexual violence in childhood – DHS, MICS and other national
DEFINITIONS OF THE INDICATORS experience any violent discipline (psychological aggression surveys. Last update: March 2024.
Child labour – Percentage of children 5–17 years old involved and/or physical punishment) in the past month. Children in residential care – Administrative records. Last
in child labour at the moment of the survey. A child is Sexual violence in childhood – Percentage of women and update: March 2024.
considered to be involved in child labour under the following men 18–29 years old who experienced sexual violence by age Children in detention – Administrative records. Last update:
conditions: (a) children 5–11 years old who, during the 18. March 2024.

78
 TABLE 13. SOCIAL PROTECTION AND EQUITY

This table provides information about social protection coverage and the magnitude of income inequality, both of which impact the
context in which children live. Social protection indicators include mothers with newborns receiving cash benefits, the proportion of
children covered by social protection, and the distribution of social protection benefits (among the 1st quintile, 5th quintile and
bottom 40 per cent of households in terms of income). While the first two indicators capture the coverage of social protection, the
third indicator reflects both incidence and distribution across quintiles. The table gives an overview of the social safety net that
households – children in particular – have access to within each country.

Inequality indicators include the share of household income (1st quintile, 5th quintile, bottom 40 per cent), Gini coefficient, Palma
index, the vast majority income ratio, and gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. The first indicator captures the share of national
income each quintile earns within a country. It illustrates the structure of income distribution per country, while the Gini coefficient
expresses the extent of inequality and how it deviates from a perfectly equal income distribution. In contrast, the Palma index
concentrates on the income difference between the richest 10 per cent and the poorest 40 per cent of a population. This indicator is
more sensitive to the tails of distribution and extreme inequalities. Because changes in income inequality are mainly driven by
changes in the income of the richest 10 per cent and the poorest 40 per cent, the Palma index offers insights on distributional
changes of income inequality. The vast majority income ratio measures the income ratio of the first 80 per cent (vast majority) in the
income ranking. GDP per capita complements those indicators as it measures the average standard of living in each country.

Data on social protection and equity indicators do not have an annual frequency and are extracted from the World Bank’s World
Development Indicators, The Atlas of Social Protection Indicators of Resilience and Equity (ASPIRE), and the ILO’s World Social Protection
Report.

THE STATE OF THE WORLD'S CHILDREN 2024 79

TABLE 13. SOCIAL PROTECTION AND EQUITY
Children in multidimensional material deprivation
Mothers with Proportion of Distribution of social Share of household income 2011–2019 (R,CS)
VMIR (vast GDP per
newborns children protection benefits (%) (%) Palma Index
Gini majority capita
receiving covered by 2015–2021 (R) 2015–2023 (R) of income
Coefficient income (current
cash benefit social inequality
2015–2023 ratio) US$)
(%) protection 2015–2023 One Two Three Four or more
(R) 2010–2019 2015–2023
Countries 2015–2023
(R)
2015–2023
(R) Bottom Bottom Bottom Bottom
(R)
(R) (R) deprivation deprivations deprivations deprivations
and areas 40%
Top 20%
20% 40%
Top 20%
20%

Afghanistan 2 0 na na na .. .. - .. - - 353 - - - -
Albania - 25 53 14 32 22 38 8 29 1.1 0.8 8,368 6.9 0.2 0.0 0.0
Algeria 11 72 - - - .. .. 9 .. - 0.8 5,260 15.1 1.1 0.1 0.0
Andorra - 12 - - - .. .. - .. - - 46,545 - - - -
Angola - 0 na na na 12 56 4 51 3.4 0.6 2,310 28.4 16.6 6.1 1.2
Anguilla 73 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Antigua and 37 - - - - .. .. - .. - - 21,560 - - - -
Barbuda
Argentina 32 88 74 5 45 16 47 5 41 1.9 0.7 13,731 - - - -
Armenia 62 32 50 29 30 23 37 9 28 1.0 0.7 8,716 3.9 0.1 0.0 0.0
Australia 100 100 - - - 20 42 7 34 1.3 0.7 64,712 - - - -
Austria 100 100 - - - 21 38 8 31 1.1 0.8 56,506 - - - -
Azerbaijan 16 10 29 33 17 .. .. - .. - 0.8 7,155 - - - -
Bahamas 47 1 - - - .. .. - .. - - 34,750 - - - -
Bahrain - 8 - - - .. .. - .. - - 29,084 - - - -
Bangladesh 21 45 44 24 24 20 42 9 33 1.3 0.7 2,529 20.6 3.3 0.3 0.0
Barbados - 13 - - - .. .. - .. - - 22,673 - - - -
Belarus 100 - 48 17 28 25 35 10 24 0.8 0.8 7,829 - - - -
Belgium 100 100 - - - 24 36 9 27 0.9 0.8 53,475 - - - -
Belize 20 3 na na na .. .. - .. - 0.5 7,988 14.7 1.6 0.2 0.0
Benin 41 12 8 65 1 20 42 3 34 1.4 0.6 1,435 42.5 21.3 5.1 0.6
Bhutan 10 4 na na na 22 37 7 29 1.0 0.7 3,704 - - - -
Bolivia
(Plurinational 59 63 38 23 18 16 47 5 41 1.9 0.6 3,701 - - - -
State of)
Bosnia and 100 15 37 25 16 .. .. 8 .. - 0.7 8,426 - - - -
Herzegovina
Botswana 24 2 22 36 7 11 59 4 53 3.8 0.5 7,250 - - - -
Brazil 48 66 51 6 22 11 57 3 52 3.6 0.5 10,044 - - - -
British Virgin - 0 - - - .. .. - .. - - .. - - - -
Islands
Brunei 63 - - - - .. .. - .. - - 33,431 - - - -
Darussalam
Bulgaria 100 61 na na na 17 46 6 39 1.7 0.7 15,798 - - - -
Burkina Faso 0 9 2 72 0 19 45 8 37 1.6 0.7 874 - - - -
Burundi - 20 - - - 18 45 7 38 1.6 0.7 200 21.2 2.6 0.3 0.0
Cabo Verde 19 42 na na na 15 49 6 42 2.1 0.6 4,322 - - - -
Cambodia 2 7 na na na .. .. - .. - 0.7 1,875 34.1 26.4 10.3 1.1
Cameroon 1 9 na na na 15 48 5 42 2.1 0.6 1,674 22.1 5.1 1.0 0.1
Canada 100 100 - - - 21 39 7 32 1.2 0.7 53,372 - - - -
Central African 0 5 na na na 15 49 - 43 2.2 0.5 445 - - - -
Republic
Chad - 1 na na na 18 45 5 37 1.6 0.6 719 39.2 29.6 10.3 1.4
Chile 47 58 44 9 21 16 50 6 43 2.2 0.6 17,093 - - - -
China 69 3 na na na 19 44 7 36 1.5 0.7 12,614 - - - -
Colombia - 34 56 6 27 10 60 4 55 4.2 0.6 6,980 - - - -
Comoros - 0 na na na .. .. 5 .. - 0.6 1,587 21.8 3.7 0.1 0.0
Congo - - na na na .. .. 4 .. - 0.6 2,509 23.8 5.3 1.3 0.1
Cook Islands - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Costa Rica 23 44 52 6 25 13 52 4 47 2.7 0.6 16,595 2.6 0.0 0.0 0.0
Côte d'Ivoire - 10 4 74 1 19 43 6 35 1.4 0.7 2,729 32.7 11.4 2.3 0.2
Croatia 100 46 na na na 22 37 8 29 1.0 0.8 21,460 - - - -
Cuba 43 0 - - - .. .. - .. - - 9,500 - - - -
Cyprus 100 100 - - - 21 40 8 31 1.2 0.7 34,701 - - - -
Czechia 100 16 - - - 24 36 10 26 0.9 0.8 30,427 - - - -
Democratic
People's - - - - - .. .. - .. - - .. - - - -
Republic of
Korea
Democratic
Republic of the - 8 na na na 15 51 6 45 2.4 0.6 649 30.2 8.9 1.5 0.2
Congo
Denmark 100 100 - - - 23 38 9 28 1.0 0.8 67,967 - - - -
Djibouti 5 4 na na na 16 48 5 42 2.0 0.7 3,606 - - - -
Dominica 39 1 na na na .. .. - .. - - 8,954 - - - -
Dominican 17 68 42 12 19 18 44 6 37 1.6 0.6 10,716 12.8 1.3 0.1 0.0
Republic
Ecuador 7 29 45 8 19 14 50 5 45 2.4 0.6 6,533 - - - -
Egypt 100 24 na na na 22 41 9 32 1.3 0.7 3,513 11.4 0.6 0.0 0.0
El Salvador 11 1 na na na 17 45 6 39 1.7 0.7 5,344 18.8 2.3 0.2 0.0
Equatorial - 1 - - - .. .. - .. - - 7,067 - - - -
Guinea
Eritrea - 10 - - - .. .. - .. - - .. - - - -

80
TABLE 13. SOCIAL PROTECTION AND EQUITY

Children in multidimensional material deprivation

Mothers with Proportion of Distribution of social Share of household income 2011–2019 (R,CS)
VMIR (vast GDP per
newborns children protection benefits (%) (%) Palma Index
Gini majority capita
receiving covered by 2015–2021 (R) 2015–2023 (R) of income
Coefficient income (current
cash benefit social inequality
2015–2023 ratio) US$)
(%) protection 2015–2023 One Two Three Four or more
(R) 2010–2019 2015–2023
Countries 2015–2023
(R)
2015–2023
(R) Bottom Bottom Bottom Bottom
(R)
(R) (R) deprivation deprivations deprivations deprivations
and areas 40%
Top 20%
20% 40%
Top 20%
20%

Estonia 100 100 - - - 20 40 8 32 1.2 0.7 29,824 - - - -

Eswatini 14 16 47 13 23 11 60 4 55 4.1 0.5 3,797 25.1 6.5 1.2 0.1
Ethiopia - 5 37 26 17 19 43 7 35 1.5 0.7 1,294 36.2 25.0 10.2 1.7
Fiji 25 11 na na na 21 39 8 31 1.1 0.7 5,868 - - - -
Finland 100 100 - - - 23 37 9 28 1.0 0.8 53,756 - - - -
France 100 100 - - - 21 39 8 32 1.2 0.7 44,461 - - - -
Gabon - 37 17 33 6 17 44 6 38 1.6 0.7 8,420 17.1 2.3 0.1 0.0
Gambia - 11 87 8 4 18 46 7 39 1.7 0.7 844 17.6 1.3 0.0 0.0
Georgia 26 30 38 23 18 19 41 7 34 1.3 0.7 8,120 - - - -
Germany 100 100 - - - 21 40 8 32 1.2 0.8 52,746 - - - -
Ghana 42 30 na na na 14 49 5 44 2.3 0.6 2,238 36.9 9.8 2.0 0.1
Greece 100 49 - - - 20 40 7 33 1.3 0.7 22,990 - - - -
Grenada 85 - - - - 15 50 - 44 2.2 - 10,464 - - - -
Guatemala 18 3 na na na .. .. 5 .. - 0.6 5,798 30.2 8.0 1.3 0.1
Guinea - 6 na na na 22 38 8 30 1.1 0.7 1,664 34.2 9.2 1.9 0.2
Guinea-Bissau - - - - - 20 42 - 33 1.3 0.5 914 31.3 6.1 0.4 0.0
Guyana 30 - - - - .. .. - .. - 0.6 20,626 11.9 1.8 0.2 0.0
Haiti - 4 na na na .. .. 6 .. - 0.4 1,693 32.3 10.1 1.4 0.1
Holy See - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Honduras - 19 29 33 16 12 52 4 48 3.0 0.6 3,247 24.0 7.0 1.3 0.1
Hungary 100 100 na na na 22 38 8 29 1.1 0.8 22,147 - - - -
Iceland 100 75 - - - 24 36 10 26 0.9 0.8 78,811 - - - -
India 42 52 na na na 20 41 8 33 1.3 0.7 2,485 38.0 19.6 2.6 0.1
Indonesia 28 44 48 12 24 20 45 7 36 1.5 0.7 4,941 - - - -
Iran (Islamic 13 87 51 14 31 19 42 6 35 1.4 0.7 4,503 - - - -
Republic of)
Iraq - 24 na na na .. .. 9 .. - 0.8 5,512 21.5 1.9 0.1 0.0
Ireland 100 100 - - - 22 39 8 30 1.1 0.7 103,685 - - - -
Israel 100 100 - - - 17 43 5 38 1.6 0.7 52,262 - - - -
Italy 100 100 - - - 19 42 6 35 1.4 0.7 38,373 - - - -
Jamaica 7 35 52 2 32 16 46 6 40 1.9 0.6 6,874 - - - -
Japan - 85 - - - .. .. 8 .. - 0.8 33,834 - - - -
Jordan 5 14 na na na .. .. - .. - 0.7 4,482 - - - -
Kazakhstan 44 54 39 20 19 23 39 10 29 1.1 0.8 13,137 - - - -
Kenya 30 3 38 24 20 18 47 6 39 1.7 0.7 1,950 31.3 11.0 3.7 0.5
Kiribati - 1 41 18 24 23 37 - 28 1.0 0.7 2,090 37.9 14.0 1.1 0.1
Kuwait - 7 - - - .. .. - .. - - 37,533 - - - -
Kyrgyzstan 24 16 56 12 29 24 36 10 26 0.9 0.8 1,970 11.1 0.6 0.1 0.0
Lao People's
Democratic 13 - na na na 18 46 7 39 1.8 0.7 2,075 28.6 15.6 4.6 0.5
Republic
Latvia 100 100 na na na 19 42 7 34 1.4 0.7 23,184 - - - -
Lebanon - 36 na na na .. .. 8 .. - 0.8 3,824 - - - -
Lesotho - 67 27 35 13 14 50 5 45 2.4 0.5 878 35.3 11.9 0.9 0.0
Liberia - 6 40 16 23 19 43 7 35 1.4 0.7 800 38.2 18.9 5.2 0.6
Libya - 55 - - - .. .. - .. - - 7,330 - - - -
Liechtenstein 100 100 - - - .. .. - .. - - 187,267 - - - -
Lithuania 100 100 na na na 19 44 7 37 1.6 0.7 27,103 - - - -
Luxembourg 100 100 - - - 20 40 7 33 1.3 0.7 128,259 - - - -
Madagascar - 21 na na na .. .. 6 .. - 0.6 529 33.5 24.5 11.1 2.2
Malawi - 33 39 16 19 18 46 6 39 1.7 0.6 673 21.1 3.4 0.3 0.0
Malaysia 47 2 48 12 25 16 47 6 41 1.9 0.7 11,649 - - - -
Maldives 26 8 44 17 19 22 39 8 29 1.1 0.7 12,667 8.9 0.3 0.0 0.0
Mali - 16 4 67 0 19 44 - 36 1.5 0.7 897 34.2 7.2 1.0 0.1
Malta 100 67 - - - 21 40 9 31 1.2 0.8 37,882 - - - -
Marshall Islands - 0 25 36 8 19 43 - 36 1.5 - 6,763 - - - -
Mauritania - 5 na na na 20 40 8 32 1.2 0.7 2,149 32.5 26.1 5.8 0.3
Mauritius - 11 29 27 12 19 45 7 37 1.6 0.7 11,417 - - - -
Mexico 11 24 40 20 19 15 50 5 44 2.2 0.6 13,926 15.2 1.1 0.0 0.0
Micronesia
(Federated - 7 na na na .. .. 6 .. - 0.7 3,992 - - - -
States of)
Monaco - - - - - .. .. - .. - - 240,862 - - - -
Mongolia 100 100 50 13 27 21 40 8 31 1.2 0.7 5,765 23.3 3.9 0.3 0.0
Montenegro 100 43 na na na 18 40 5 34 1.3 0.7 12,017 - - - -
Montserrat - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Morocco - 16 na na na .. .. 7 .. - 0.7 3,672 - - - -
Mozambique 0 0 na na na 13 56 4 50 3.2 0.5 608 34.6 19.1 5.1 0.7
Myanmar 2 2 50 13 33 22 40 9 31 1.2 0.7 1,188 35.4 8.8 1.4 0.1
Namibia 25 39 35 26 18 9 64 3 59 5.5 0.5 4,743 47.5 13.4 1.1 0.0

81
TABLE 13. SOCIAL PROTECTION AND EQUITY

Children in multidimensional material deprivation

Mothers with Proportion of Distribution of social Share of household income 2011–2019 (R,CS)
VMIR (vast GDP per
newborns children protection benefits (%) (%) Palma Index
Gini majority capita
receiving covered by 2015–2021 (R) 2015–2023 (R) of income
Coefficient income (current
cash benefit social inequality
2015–2023 ratio) US$)
(%) protection 2015–2023 One Two Three Four or more
(R) 2010–2019 2015–2023
Countries 2015–2023
(R)
2015–2023
(R) Bottom Bottom Bottom Bottom
(R)
(R) (R) deprivation deprivations deprivations deprivations
and areas 40%
Top 20%
20% 40%
Top 20%
20%

Nauru - 66 - - - .. .. 8 .. - - 12,060 - - - -
Nepal 10 28 na na na 22 39 - 30 1.1 0.7 1,324 25.1 5.8 0.7 0.0
Netherlands
(Kingdom of the) 100 100 - - - 24 35 9 26 0.9 0.8 62,537 - - - -

New Zealand 100 80 - - - .. .. - .. - - 48,528 - - - -

Nicaragua 18 1 na na na .. .. 5 .. - 0.6 2,530 - - - -
Niger - 4 na na na 21 42 8 33 1.3 0.7 618 40.6 34.1 8.6 0.2
Nigeria 0 11 40 18 19 19 42 7 35 1.4 0.6 1,621 34.4 12.9 2.6 0.3
Niue - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
North 100 23 - - - 18 39 6 34 1.3 0.7 8,146 - - - -
Macedonia
Norway 100 100 - - - 23 37 9 28 1.0 0.8 87,962 - - - -
Oman - 1 - - - .. .. - .. - - 23,295 - - - -
Pakistan - 5 57 10 32 23 40 9 30 1.1 0.7 1,407 34.9 13.3 4.0 0.2
Palau - - na na na .. .. - .. - - 14,565 - - - -
Panama 19 77 51 11 25 12 54 4 49 3.0 0.6 18,662 - - - -
Papua New - 0 na na na .. .. - .. - 0.7 2,994 36.0 14.8 3.3 0.3
Guinea
Paraguay 8 21 49 9 22 15 51 5 45 2.4 0.6 6,260 10.8 0.9 0.1 0.0
Peru 9 14 47 15 24 16 47 5 40 1.9 0.6 7,790 16.5 1.9 0.1 0.0
Philippines 12 10 59 7 31 17 48 6 41 1.9 0.6 3,726 - - - -
Poland 100 100 56 10 31 22 37 8 29 1.0 0.8 22,113 - - - -
Portugal 100 92 - - - 20 43 7 35 1.4 0.7 27,275 - - - -
Qatar - 1 - - - 18 42 - 35 1.4 - 87,480 - - - -
Republic of - 35 - - - 20 40 8 33 1.2 0.8 33,121 - - - -
Korea
Republic of 100 23 51 13 30 24 36 10 26 0.9 0.8 6,651 - - - -
Moldova
Romania 100 100 52 15 32 18 40 5 34 1.3 0.8 18,419 - - - -
Russian 63 100 34 22 13 19 42 7 35 1.4 0.7 13,817 - - - -
Federation
Rwanda 1 5 na na na 16 51 6 44 2.3 0.6 1,000 22.9 3.1 0.3 0.0
Saint Kitts and 78 5 - - - .. .. - .. - - 22,553 - - - -
Nevis
Saint Lucia 39 5 - - - 15 50 3 44 2.3 0.6 13,980 - - - -
Saint Vincent
and the 29 1 - - - .. .. - .. - - 10,279 - - - -
Grenadines
Samoa 29 0 na na na .. .. 7 .. - 0.7 4,139 - - - -
San Marino 100 - - - - .. .. - .. - - 54,982 - - - -
Sao Tome and 2 17 0 98 0 17 48 4 41 2.0 0.8 2,602 43.5 11.3 1.4 0.1
Principe
Saudi Arabia - 30 - - - .. .. - .. - - 28,895 - - - -
Senegal 3 27 3 80 1 19 44 6 36 1.5 0.7 1,746 31.3 6.9 0.5 0.0
Serbia - 33 60 12 40 20 40 5 33 1.3 0.7 11,361 - - - -
Seychelles - 4 - - - 20 39 7 32 1.2 0.6 17,879 - - - -
Sierra Leone - 1 35 19 15 20 44 8 36 1.5 0.7 433 29.2 10.2 2.0 0.1
Singapore 89 28 - - - .. .. - .. - - 84,734 - - - -
Slovakia 100 100 na na na 24 33 9 24 0.8 0.8 24,470 - - - -
Slovenia 96 100 - - - 25 35 10 24 0.8 0.8 32,164 - - - -
Solomon Islands 24 - na na na .. .. 7 .. - 0.7 2,203 - - - -
Somalia - - - - - .. .. - .. - - 644 - - - -
South Africa 8 66 na na na .. .. 2 .. - 0.4 6,253 15.5 1.6 0.2 0.0
South Sudan - 18 na na na 15 50 - 44 2.3 0.6 1,072 - - - -
Spain 100 55 - - - 19 40 6 34 1.3 0.7 32,677 - - - -
Sri Lanka 29 36 56 11 31 19 46 7 38 1.7 0.7 3,828 - - - -
State of 7 - 30 29 15 19 41 7 34 1.3 0.7 3,368 - - - -
Palestine
Sudan - 8 na na na .. .. 8 .. - 0.7 2,272 - - - -
Suriname 0 56 - - - 17 46 - 39 1.8 0.5 6,069 13.4 2.1 0.3 0.0
Sweden 100 100 - - - 22 38 8 30 1.1 0.8 56,305 - - - -
Switzerland 100 100 - - - 20 42 8 34 1.3 0.7 99,995 - - - -
Syrian Arab
Republic - - na na na 23 36 - 27 0.9 0.7 421 - - - -

Tajikistan 67 16 na na na 19 42 7 34 1.4 0.7 1,189 25.9 3.7 0.2 0.0

Thailand 40 32 53 8 24 19 43 8 35 1.4 0.7 7,172 8.3 0.3 0.0 0.0
Timor-Leste - 38 na na na .. .. 9 .. - 0.8 1,649 28.4 8.6 1.5 0.1
Togo - 75 6 62 1 18 45 5 38 1.7 0.6 1,013 43.4 20.1 4.7 0.4
Tokelau - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Tonga 26 0 na na na 23 37 7 27 1.0 0.7 4,682 - - - -
Trinidad and 40 18 - - - .. .. - .. - 0.7 18,333 - - - -
Tobago
Tunisia 25 29 na na na 20 42 8 34 1.4 0.7 3,895 8.5 0.6 0.0 0.0

82
TABLE 13. SOCIAL PROTECTION AND EQUITY

Children in multidimensional material deprivation

Mothers with Proportion of Distribution of social Share of household income 2011–2019 (R,CS)
VMIR (vast GDP per
newborns children protection benefits (%) (%) Palma Index
Gini majority capita
receiving covered by 2015–2021 (R) 2015–2023 (R) of income
Coefficient income (current
cash benefit social inequality
2015–2023 ratio) US$)
(%) protection 2015–2023 One Two Three Four or more
(R) 2010–2019 2015–2023
Countries 2015–2023
(R)
2015–2023
(R) Bottom Bottom Bottom Bottom
(R)
(R) (R) deprivation deprivations deprivations deprivations
and areas 40%
Top 20%
20% 40%
Top 20%
20%

Türkiye - 37 64 5 38 15 50 5 44 2.4 0.6 12,986 - - - -

Turkmenistan - 15 - - - .. .. - .. - 0.7 9,191 5.4 0.3 0.0 0.0
Turks and Caicos
Islands 58 - - - - .. .. - .. - - 30,438 - - - -

Tuvalu - 0 - - - .. .. - .. - 0.7 5,465 - - - -

Uganda 5 - 10 79 3 16 50 6 43 - 0.6 1,014 28.3 6.0 0.9 0.1
Ukraine 100 100 34 22 14 24 36 10 26 0.9 0.8 5,181 - - - -
United Arab
Emirates - 0 - - - 23 35 9 26 0.9 - 52,977 - - - -

United Kingdom 100 100 - - - 20 40 7 32 1.2 0.7 48,867 - - - -

United Republic
of Tanzania 0 - na na na 17 48 7 41 1.9 0.7 1,211 28.0 8.3 1.7 0.1

United States - 82 - - - 16 47 5 41 1.9 0.7 81,695 - - - -

Uruguay 100 66 64 14 44 16 47 6 41 1.9 0.7 22,565 - - - -
Uzbekistan 16 51 49 14 30 20 39 7 31 1.1 0.7 2,496 - - - -
Vanuatu - 13 na na na 20 40 - 32 1.2 0.7 3,367 - - - -
Venezuela
(Bolivarian - - na na na .. .. - .. - 0.6 .. - - - -
Republic of)
Viet Nam 44 1 na na na 19 43 7 36 1.5 0.7 4,347 - - - -
Yemen - - na na na .. .. 7 .. - 0.7 533 34.6 16.4 4.7 0.3
Zambia 4 23 9 59 1 11 56 3 52 3.5 0.5 1,369 30.5 7.9 1.1 0.1
Zimbabwe - 7 61 16 49 15 51 6 50 2.3 0.6 1,592 29.7 9.3 1.6 0.1

SUMMARY

East Asia and 57 - - - - 18 45 7 - - 0.7 12,928 - - - -

Pacific
Europe and 85 - - - - 20 42 7 - - 0.7 29,483 - - - -
Central Asia
Eastern Europe 66 - - - - 19 43 7 - - 0.7 - - - - -
and Central Asia
Western 100 - - - - 20 40 7 - - 0.8 - - - - -
Europe
Latin America
and the 31 - - - - 13 53 4 - - 0.6 10,682 - - - -
Caribbean
Middle East and 49 - - - - 20 43 8 - - 0.7 8,562 - - - -
North Africa
North America - - - - - 16 46 5 - - 0.7 - - - - -
South Asia 38 - - - - 20 44 8 - - 0.7 2,309 - - - -
Sub-Saharan 7 - - - - 16 48 6 - - 0.6 - - - - -
Africa
Eastern and 9 - - - - 15 51 6 - - 0.6 1,673 - - - -
Southern Africa
West and 6 - - - - 17 45 6 - - 0.7 1,584 - - - -
Central Africa
Least developed 9 - - - - 18 46 7 - - 0.7 - - - - -
countries
World 48 - - - - 18 45 7 - - 0.7 13,138 - - - -

For a complete list of countries and areas in the regions, subregions and country categories, see page on Regional Classifications or visit <https://data.unicef.org/regionalclassifications>.
It is not advisable to compare data from consecutive editions of The State of the World’s Children report.

NOTES Distribution of Social Protection Benefits – Percentage of index of 0 represents perfect equality, while an index of 100
- Data not available. benefits going to the 1st quintile, bottom 40% and 5th quintile implies perfect inequality.
CS There are sex disaggregated data available in the UNICEF relative to the total benefits going to the population. social Palma Index of income inequality – Palma index is defined
Datawarehouse. protection coverage includes: providing social assistance as the ratio of the richest 10% of the population's share of
R Data refer to the most recent year available during the period through cash transfers to those who need them, especially gross national income divided by the poorest 40%'s share.
specified in the column heading. children; benefits and support for people of working age in GDP per capita (current US$) – GDP per capita is gross
case of maternity, disability; and pension coverage for the domestic product divided by midyear population. GDP is the
elderly. sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the
DEFINITIONS OF THE INDICATORS Share of household income – Percentage of income received economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not
Mothers with newborns receiving cash benefit (%) – by the 20 per cent of households with the highest income, by included in the value of the products. It is calculated without
Proportion of women giving birth covered by maternity the 40 per cent of households with the lowest income and by making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for
benefits: ratio of women receiving cash maternity benefits to the 20 per cent of households with the lowest income. depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in
women giving birth in the same year (estimated based on Gini Coefficient – Gini index measures the extent to which the current US dollars.
age-specific fertility rates published in the UN’s World distribution of income (or, in some cases, consumption VMIR (vast majority income ratio) – The Vast Majority
Population Prospects or on the number of live births corrected expenditure) among individuals or households within an Income Ratio measures the income ratio of the first 80% (vast
for the share of twin and triplet births). economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. A Lorenz majority) in the income ranking.
Proportion of children covered by social protection – curve plots the cumulative percentages of total income Child poverty profile – Children in multidimensional material
Proportion of children covered by social protection benefits: received against the cumulative number of recipients, starting deprivation, measures exactly the same dimensions, exactly the
ratio of children/households receiving child or family cash with the poorest individual or household. The Gini index same indicators, and exactly the same thresholds across all
benefits to the total number of children/households with measures the area between the Lorenz curve and a countries to assess deprivation among children (not a
children. hypothetical line of absolute equality, expressed as a disaggregation of a household measure) in order to obtain an
percentage of the maximum area under the line. Thus a Gini internationally comparable measure. The dimensions are:

83
TABLE 13. SOCIAL PROTECTION AND EQUITY

education, health, housing, nutrition, sanitation, and water. MAIN DATA SOURCES Gini Coefficient – World Development Indicators (World Bank).
One deprivation – Children experience deprivations in one Mothers with newborns receiving cash benefit (%) – SDG Last update: May 2020.
and only one dimension out of education, health, housing, Database. Last update: May 2021. Palma Index of income inequality – Calculated from data in
nutrition, sanitation, and water. Proportion of children covered by social protection – SDG the World Development Indicators (World Bank). Last update:
Two deprivations – Children experience deprivations in two Database. Last update: May 2021. May 2020.
and only two dimensions out of education, health, housing, Distribution of Social Protection Benefits – The Atlas of GDP per capita (current US$) – World Development
nutrition, sanitation, and water. Social Protection: Indicators of Resilience and Equity. Last Indicators. Last update: February 2021.
Three deprivations – Children experience deprivations in VMIR (vast majority income ratio) – UNICEF estimates based
update: May 2024.
three and only three dimensions out of education, health, on World Development Indicators. Last update: February 2021.
Share of household income – World Development Indicators
housing, nutrition, sanitation, and water. Child poverty profile – UNICEF estimates based on DHS and
(World Bank). Last update: February 2021.
MICS surveys.

84
 TABLE 14. WASH

This table contains a set of indicators on access to basic water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services in households, schools and
health care facilities. The WASH estimates in this report come from the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply,
Sanitation and Hygiene (JMP). Full details of the JMP indicator definitions, data sources and methods used to produce national,
regional and global estimates can be found at <www.washdata.org>. New estimates for each setting are released every two years.
These supersede all previous estimates and should not be compared.

THE STATE OF THE WORLD'S CHILDREN 2024 85

TABLE 14. WASH
Households Schools Healthcare facilities
2022 2023 2023

At least basic drinking At least basic sanitation Basic sanitation services Basic hygiene services Basic
Basic hygiene facilities (%) Basic water services (%) Basic Basic Basic waste
water services (%) services (%) (%) (%)
water sanitation hygiene manage–
services services services ment
Countries Prim– Secon– Prim– Secon– Prim– Secon–
(%) (%) (%) services
(%)
and areas Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total
ary dary
Total
ary dary
Total
ary dary

Afghanistan 82 99 76 56 70 51 48 59 44 66 58 75 38 26 65 8 5 11 79 3 - 82
Albania 95 96 94 99 99 99 - - - 82 74 72 88 80 96 87 77 100 - - - -
Algeria 95 96 90 86 88 80 85 88 75 91 94 90 100 100 100 95 98 93 - - - -
Andorra 100 100 100 100 100 100 - - - 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 - 100 100
Angola 58 72 28 52 65 24 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Anguilla - - - - - - - - - 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 - - - -
Antigua and
Barbuda 98 98 98 97 95 98 - - - 100 99 100 100 100 100 100 99 100 - - - -

Argentina - 100 - - 98 - - - - - - - 83 83 87 78 74 82 - - - -
Armenia 100 100 100 94 100 83 94 97 90 97 95 95 89 80 87 98 98 97 98 - - -
Australia 100 100 100 100 - - - - - 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 - - - -
Austria 100 100 100 100 100 100 - - - 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 - - - -
Azerbaijan 98 100 94 - 96 - - - - 100 100 100 99 100 100 100 100 100 100 - 100 -
Bahamas - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Bahrain 100 - - 100 - - 100 - - 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 - - - 90
Bangladesh 98 98 98 59 55 62 62 68 58 90 89 100 87 85 99 92 86 81 64 - - 34
Barbados 99 - - 98 - - - - - 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 - - - -
Belarus 99 99 98 100 100 98 - - - 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 - - - -
Belgium 100 100 100 99 99 99 - - - 100 100 100 100 - - 100 100 100 - - - -
Belize 98 99 98 88 94 84 90 92 89 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Benin 67 74 61 19 30 10 12 17 8 66 55 87 - - 76 49 51 72 - - - -
Bhutan 99 100 99 78 77 79 93 90 96 65 - - 88 - - - - - 95 16 73 36
Bolivia
(Plurinational 94 100 81 69 77 47 27 29 22 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
State of)
Bosnia and 96 95 97 - 99 - - - - 100 - - 79 - - 60 - - - - - -
Herzegovina
Botswana 93 98 80 81 91 52 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Brazil 100 100 98 91 95 64 - - - - - - 86 86 87 - - - - - - -
British Virgin 100 - - - - - - - - 97 96 100 92 96 94 96 100 94 - - - -
Islands
Brunei 100 - - 99 - - - - - - - - 100 100 100 100 100 100 - - - -
Darussalam
Bulgaria 99 100 97 86 87 84 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Burkina Faso 50 81 35 25 42 17 9 17 5 63 67 50 48 57 50 50 51 61 74 - - 15
Burundi 62 91 58 46 41 46 6 19 4 46 45 - 45 35 93 17 18 14 - 48 - 77
Cabo Verde 90 93 83 83 86 77 - - - - - 100 93 92 93 86 83 100 - - - -
Cambodia 78 94 73 77 93 71 83 88 82 86 92 93 37 48 52 84 89 88 96 22 77 53
Cameroon 70 82 52 43 58 22 37 47 22 24 24 - 56 39 68 78 82 67 - - - -
Canada 99 99 99 99 99 99 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Central African 36 48 27 14 25 6 22 35 12 - - - - - - - - - 29 2 - 28
Republic
Chad 52 78 44 13 39 5 26 34 24 30 26 46 19 19 - 10 11 11 79 - - -
Chile 100 100 100 100 100 100 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
China 98 98 96 96 98 93 97 98 95 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Colombia 98 100 87 95 97 86 70 78 33 - - - 85 79 81 17 11 22 - - - -
Comoros - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Congo - - - - - - - - - 54 54 - - - - - - - - - - -
Cook Islands 100 - - 85 - - - - - 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 - - -
Costa Rica 100 100 100 98 99 97 86 87 83 84 86 76 85 82 96 83 80 91 100 - - -
Côte d'Ivoire 73 86 58 37 51 22 22 31 11 52 48 92 - - - - - - 27 - - 14
Croatia - 100 - - - - - - - 96 - - 100 - - 99 - - 98 88 96 87
Cuba 95 95 92 92 92 91 93 95 88 100 100 100 95 95 94 100 100 100 - - - -
Cyprus 100 100 100 99 100 99 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Czechia 100 100 100 99 99 99 - - - 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 - 100 100
Democratic
People's
Republic of 94 97 89 85 92 73 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Korea
Democratic
Republic of the 35 59 14 16 22 11 19 27 12 - - - - - - - - - - - - 0
Congo
Denmark 100 100 100 100 100 100 - - - 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 - - - -
Djibouti 76 84 47 67 79 22 - - - - - - - - - 95 91 98 - - - -
Dominica - - - - - - - - - 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 - - - -
Dominican 97 98 91 89 91 79 48 51 33 - - - 76 76 81 83 80 86 - - - -
Republic
Ecuador 96 100 88 92 93 91 87 92 79 77 82 93 73 73 77 51 50 33 - - - -
Egypt 99 99 98 98 100 96 - - - - - 82 100 100 63 100 100 63 83 68 63 -
El Salvador 99 100 94 88 91 77 - - - 82 80 84 84 84 88 - - - - - - -
Equatorial - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Guinea

86
TABLE 14. WASH

Households Schools Healthcare facilities

2022 2023 2023

At least basic drinking At least basic sanitation Basic sanitation services Basic hygiene services Basic
Basic hygiene facilities (%) Basic water services (%) Basic Basic Basic waste
water services (%) services (%) (%) (%)
water sanitation hygiene manage–
services services services ment
Countries Prim– Secon– Prim– Secon– Prim– Secon–
(%) (%) (%) services
(%)
and areas Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total
ary dary
Total
ary dary
Total
ary dary

Eritrea - - - - - - - - - - - - 33 26 46 5 3 8 - - - -
Estonia 100 100 100 99 99 99 - - - 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Eswatini 73 98 65 64 52 69 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Ethiopia 52 83 42 9 22 6 8 20 5 29 25 54 - - - 31 19 23 55 39 - 32
Fiji 95 99 91 93 93 93 87 91 80 78 78 87 91 100 96 43 20 97 - - - -
Finland 100 100 100 99 99 99 - - - 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 - - - -
France 100 100 100 99 99 99 - - - 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 - - - -
Gabon 87 90 55 50 51 40 - - - 66 64 68 - - - 66 66 85 - - - -
Gambia 86 91 76 48 61 24 13 14 12 - - - 65 86 80 - - - - - - -
Georgia 95 99 89 86 96 72 92 95 87 - - - - - - - - - 85 14 80 44
Germany 100 100 100 99 99 99 - - - 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 - - - -
Ghana 88 98 74 29 34 21 42 47 35 78 78 79 59 62 65 54 52 52 67 - 57 31
Greece 100 100 100 99 99 98 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Grenada - - - - - - - - - 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 100 98 - - - -
Guatemala 95 98 91 70 80 58 - - - - - - 72 72 79 - - - - - - -
Guinea 71 92 59 31 47 22 21 33 13 - 38 - 52 52 - - - - - - - 40
Guinea-Bissau 62 73 53 28 42 16 20 25 16 63 - - 37 - - 75 - - 72 9 34 13
Guyana 96 96 96 91 93 90 83 78 85 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Haiti 67 85 43 37 46 25 23 28 15 - - - - - - - - - 64 - - 6
Holy See - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Honduras 96 99 91 84 88 79 85 85 84 78 76 70 89 76 78 - - - 55 18 - -
Hungary 100 100 100 98 98 99 - - - 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 - - - -
Iceland 100 100 100 99 99 100 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
India 93 96 92 78 85 75 76 88 70 95 93 90 84 85 85 53 53 53 - - - -
Indonesia 94 98 88 88 91 84 79 81 76 76 75 75 71 64 79 69 70 67 - - - -
Iran (Islamic 98 99 94 90 93 82 - - - - - - - - - - - - 88 22 93 52
Republic of)
Iraq 98 100 95 98 99 98 97 98 97 60 - - 57 - - 66 - - 68 3 49 21
Ireland 96 95 97 89 87 94 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Israel 100 100 100 100 100 99 - - - 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 - - - -
Italy 100 - - 100 100 100 - - - 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 - - 73
Jamaica 91 95 85 87 83 91 - - - 95 93 97 96 94 97 100 100 100 - - - -
Japan 99 - - 100 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 100 - - -
Jordan 99 99 97 97 97 95 - - - 100 100 100 - - - - - - 69 22 59 22
Kazakhstan - 98 - 98 97 99 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Kenya 63 86 53 37 40 35 38 45 35 - - - - - - - - - 68 15 45 48
Kiribati 76 88 60 45 48 41 56 59 51 - - - 66 72 60 87 89 82 71 2 - 17
Kuwait 100 100 - 100 100 - - - - 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 -
Kyrgyzstan 91 99 86 98 95 100 100 100 100 - - - - - - - - - 40 - - -
Lao People's
Democratic 85 97 78 80 98 69 - - - 49 48 51 32 32 - - - - - 4 17 19
Republic
Latvia 99 99 99 - - - - - - 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 - - - -
Lebanon 93 - - 99 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Lesotho 74 93 66 50 47 52 6 10 4 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Liberia 76 85 65 23 34 9 3 6 1 55 49 70 - - - 68 64 76 - - - 31
Libya 100 - - 92 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Liechtenstein 100 - - 100 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Lithuania 98 100 94 95 98 91 - - - 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 - 99 93
Luxembourg 100 100 99 98 97 99 - - - 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 - - - -
Madagascar 53 80 36 15 22 10 23 36 15 - - - 39 18 57 - - - - - - -
Malawi 72 86 69 49 48 50 15 28 13 92 93 84 74 79 53 44 42 40 76 - - 42
Malaysia 97 99 90 96 96 96 - - - 95 91 99 100 99 100 100 100 100 100 70 100 100
Maldives 100 99 100 100 100 100 - - - 99 100 100 - - - - - - - - - -
Mali 84 95 74 50 60 42 17 27 9 - - - 30 30 - - - - 69 10 - 45
Malta 100 100 100 100 100 100 - - - 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 - - - -
Marshall Islands 85 84 87 81 87 62 - - - 67 69 64 78 69 88 70 67 73 - - - -
Mauritania 78 95 56 56 79 25 42 59 19 - - - 31 27 32 - - - - - - 20
Mauritius 100 100 100 - 96 - - - - 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 97 100 - - - -
Mexico 100 100 98 93 94 88 94 94 94 71 71 84 70 70 - 79 77 87 - - - -
Micronesia
(Federated - - - - - - - - - 86 87 89 79 77 80 82 86 89 39 18 42 35
States of)
Monaco 100 100 - 100 100 - - - - 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 - - - -
Mongolia 84 94 60 70 76 57 86 89 81 - - - - - - - - - 88 40 72 84
Montenegro 99 99 98 98 100 94 99 99 99 82 - - 11 - - - - - - - - -
Montserrat 98 - - 89 - - - - - 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 - - - -
Morocco 87 99 66 88 96 71 - - - 90 83 97 96 92 96 87 82 93 81 10 37 32
Mozambique 63 87 48 37 61 23 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

87
TABLE 14. WASH

Households Schools Healthcare facilities

2022 2023 2023

At least basic drinking At least basic sanitation Basic sanitation services Basic hygiene services Basic
Basic hygiene facilities (%) Basic water services (%) Basic Basic Basic waste
water services (%) services (%) (%) (%)
water sanitation hygiene manage–
services services services ment
Countries Prim– Secon– Prim– Secon– Prim– Secon–
(%) (%) (%) services
(%)
and areas Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total
ary dary
Total
ary dary
Total
ary dary

Myanmar 82 94 77 74 79 72 75 83 71 77 74 82 74 72 71 59 54 62 - - - -
Namibia 86 96 74 36 50 20 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Nauru - - - - - - - - - 100 100 100 100 100 100 90 88 93 100 - - -
Nepal 91 90 92 80 79 81 64 75 60 55 50 69 39 34 57 42 37 59 83 21 70 13
Netherlands 100 100 100 98 98 100 - - - 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 - - - -
(Kingdom of the)
New Zealand 100 100 100 100 100 100 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Nicaragua - - - - - - - - - 53 - - 29 45 62 - - - 58 - 57 -
Niger 49 88 41 16 53 9 25 39 22 - - 32 25 42 - 42 42 42 58 6 40 29
Nigeria 80 94 63 47 58 34 31 38 23 36 32 48 43 40 43 24 22 28 55 29 27 5
Niue 97 - - 97 - - - - - 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 - - - -
North
Macedonia 98 98 97 99 100 98 100 100 100 - - - - - - - - - 100 100 100 100

Norway 100 100 100 98 98 98 - - - 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 - - - -
Oman 92 95 76 99 99 99 - - - 100 100 100 99 - - 100 100 100 100 95 100 98
Pakistan 91 93 89 71 82 63 85 92 80 35 47 34 42 42 48 - - - 75 16 55 4
Palau 100 100 99 99 99 98 - - - 89 84 95 89 84 95 83 84 95 100 0 - -
Panama 95 98 86 86 95 66 - - - 60 27 41 24 - - 24 - - - - - -
Papua New 50 87 44 19 49 15 30 62 25 47 46 65 46 46 69 12 11 16 - - - -
Guinea
Paraguay 100 100 99 95 96 93 - - - - - - 94 94 90 - - - - - - -
Peru 95 97 85 78 83 60 - - 70 74 75 68 93 90 92 - - - - - - -
Philippines 95 98 92 85 84 86 82 85 79 46 46 46 85 82 97 73 75 61 92 75 78 64
Poland 90 96 82 99 99 99 - - - 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 - - - -
Portugal 99 100 98 100 100 100 - - - 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 - - - -
Qatar 100 - - 100 - - - - - 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 - 100
Republic of 100 - - 100 - - - - - 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 - - - -
Korea
Republic of 92 98 88 85 90 81 - - - 94 - - 90 - - 99 100 100 - - - -
Moldova
Romania 100 100 100 88 97 77 - - - 94 64 85 91 64 87 91 64 87 - - - -
Russian 97 99 92 89 95 71 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Federation
Rwanda 65 88 60 74 54 78 18 29 16 54 53 67 70 67 73 - - - 81 11 46 42
Saint Kitts and - - - - - - - - - 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 - - - -
Nevis
Saint Lucia 97 97 97 83 79 84 - - - 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 100 97 - - - -
Saint Vincent
and the - - - - - - - - - 99 100 99 99 100 99 99 100 99 - - - -
Grenadines
Samoa 99 100 99 98 98 98 72 84 69 100 100 100 100 100 100 78 68 87 100 85 - 90
San Marino 100 - - 100 - - - - - 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 - 100 100
Sao Tome and 77 79 71 48 51 39 58 63 43 - - - 76 70 - - - - - - - -
Principe
Saudi Arabia 99 98 100 95 96 92 - - - 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Senegal 86 96 77 60 70 51 22 35 10 73 - - 78 80 - 22 25 9 82 - - 25
Serbia 96 95 96 98 100 96 - - - 98 - - 99 - - 85 - - 98 6 86 85
Seychelles 96 - - 100 - - - - - 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 - - - -
Sierra Leone 65 80 54 23 35 14 18 21 15 39 37 49 49 40 53 22 21 27 57 45 22 66
Singapore 100 100 - 100 100 - - - - 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 -
Slovakia 100 100 100 98 99 96 - - - 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 - - - -
Slovenia 100 - - 98 - - - - - 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 - - - -
Solomon Islands - - 59 - - 21 - - 28 31 34 35 19 16 28 - - - 69 5 23 17
Somalia 58 80 39 41 57 26 25 32 19 53 53 57 - - - - - - 42 20 43 12
South Africa 94 99 85 78 77 78 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 71
South Sudan 41 70 34 16 42 9 6 - - - - - 37 37 - 18 18 - - - - -
Spain 100 100 100 100 100 100 - - - 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 - - - -
Sri Lanka 89 98 87 95 96 95 85 93 83 87 88 89 90 90 94 87 - - 97 33 92 -
State of 98 98 100 99 100 99 95 95 96 100 100 100 97 99 99 - - - 93 4 87 57
Palestine
Sudan 65 74 60 - - - 11 - - 43 43 - - - - 8 8 - 27 7 17 3
Suriname 98 99 97 90 94 82 72 75 67 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Sweden 100 100 100 99 99 99 - - - 100 100 100 - - - 100 100 100 - - - -
Switzerland 100 100 100 100 100 100 - - - 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 - - - -
Syrian Arab 94 96 92 95 96 94 84 87 81 85 83 87 87 85 89 - - - 66 15 84 -
Republic
Tajikistan 82 96 77 97 94 98 73 87 68 - - - - - - - - - 36 1 12 37
Thailand 100 100 100 99 100 98 85 87 83 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 - - - -
Timor-Leste 87 98 82 58 72 52 - - - 70 71 68 - - - 66 68 63 - - - -
Togo 71 87 58 19 32 9 17 27 10 65 54 57 17 4 29 17 17 17 - - - -
Tokelau 100 - 100 97 - 97 - - - 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 - 83
Tonga 99 100 99 95 96 95 70 80 66 95 97 94 96 98 94 84 82 85 - - - -

88
TABLE 14. WASH

Households Schools Healthcare facilities

2022 2023 2023

At least basic drinking At least basic sanitation Basic sanitation services Basic hygiene services Basic
Basic hygiene facilities (%) Basic water services (%) Basic Basic Basic waste
water services (%) services (%) (%) (%)
water sanitation hygiene manage–
services services services ment
Countries Prim– Secon– Prim– Secon– Prim– Secon–
(%) (%) (%) services
(%)
and areas Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total
ary dary
Total
ary dary
Total
ary dary

Trinidad and
Tobago 99 - - 94 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Tunisia 97 99 93 97 98 97 84 91 67 - - 100 - - - - - - 56 3 60 -
Türkiye 97 97 96 99 100 97 - - - 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 - - 78
Turkmenistan 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 - - - -
Turks and Caicos
Islands 99 99 92 93 93 92 95 95 89 99 100 96 99 100 96 99 100 97 - - - -

Tuvalu 99 99 100 84 83 85 94 93 96 77 78 76 86 80 91 96 100 92 - - - -

Uganda 59 80 52 21 30 18 31 47 25 55 44 - 75 61 79 39 35 - 59 9 25 49
Ukraine 94 91 100 98 98 97 - - - 91 90 93 - - - 82 91 97 96 - - 88
United Arab
Emirates 100 100 100 99 99 100 - - - 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 - - - -

United Kingdom 100 100 100 99 99 99 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

United Republic
of Tanzania 61 81 49 31 47 21 29 40 22 - - - 44 31 - 15 15 - - - - 32

United States 100 100 100 100 100 99 - - - 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 - - - -
Uruguay 100 100 95 98 98 100 - - - 67 67 100 97 97 100 100 100 100 - - - -
Uzbekistan 97 98 95 96 95 97 82 88 75 70 76 79 80 79 80 92 91 92 - - - -
Vanuatu 91 99 89 47 51 45 76 80 75 - - - - - - - - - 72 9 27 13
Venezuela
(Bolivarian 93 - - 98 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Republic of)
Viet Nam 98 99 97 92 98 88 89 95 85 68 70 51 93 95 90 72 79 67 - - - -
Yemen 62 77 52 55 78 40 - - - - - - - - - - - - 47 4 28 37
Zambia 68 89 51 36 42 32 18 29 9 79 78 - - - - 97 97 98 - - - -
Zimbabwe 62 93 48 35 40 32 42 56 36 70 67 69 94 93 95 77 78 74 - - - 79

SUMMARY

East Asia and 97 98 93 94 96 89 92 94 88 90 90 88 92 91 94 90 91 88 - - - -

Pacific
Europe and 98 99 95 97 98 93 - - - 96 95 97 97 96 97 97 97 98 - - - -
Central Asia
Eastern Europe 96 98 94 94 97 88 - - - 92 90 93 94 91 94 94 93 97 86 - - 76
and Central Asia
Western 99 100 97 99 99 99 - - - 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 - - - -
Europe
Latin America
and the 98 99 92 89 93 75 - - 66 75 76 81 81 80 84 61 60 63 - - - -
Caribbean
Middle East and 94 98 88 91 95 84 - - - 81 85 91 89 94 87 86 90 84 78 37 66 38
North Africa
North America 100 100 100 100 100 99 - - - 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 - - - -
South Asia 93 96 92 75 81 72 75 86 70 84 83 81 76 75 80 56 54 55 - - - -
Sub-Saharan 65 85 50 37 50 27 23 32 16 45 41 57 51 46 62 36 33 38 59 21 34 25
Africa
Eastern and 63 85 50 39 54 30 20 28 15 47 44 61 59 51 - 35 31 38 58 24 - 38
Southern Africa
West and
Central Africa 67 85 50 35 47 23 26 35 18 43 38 54 43 40 53 37 36 38 60 19 32 12

Least developed 67 83 58 41 51 36 34 43 29 60 55 72 56 50 75 43 37 49 62 19 - 31
countries
World 91 97 84 81 89 70 75 83 65 77 75 81 78 75 83 67 65 67 - - - -

For a complete list of countries and areas in the regions, subregions and country categories, see page on Regional Classifications or visit <https://data.unicef.org/regionalclassifications>.
It is not advisable to compare data from consecutive editions of The State of the World’s Children report.

NOTES Population with basic hygiene facilities – Percentage of the sanitation facilities that are usable with at least one toilet
- Data not available. population with a handwashing facility with water and soap dedicated for staff, at least one sex-separated toilet with
available at home. menstrual hygiene facilities, and at least one toilet accessible
Proportion of schools with basic water services – for people with limited mobility.
DEFINITIONS OF THE INDICATORS Percentage of schools with drinking water from an improved Proportion of health care facilities with basic hygiene
Population using at least basic drinking water services – source available at the school at the time of the survey. services – Percentage of health care facilities with functional
Percentage of the population using an improved drinking Proportion of schools with basic sanitation services – hand hygiene facilities (with water and soap and/or
water source, where collection time is not more than 30 Percentage of schools with improved sanitation facilities at the alcohol-based hand rub) available at points of care, and within
minutes for a round trip including queuing (improved sources school that are single-sex and usable (available, functional and five metres of toilets.
include: piped water; boreholes or tubewells; protected dug private) at the time of the survey. Proportion of health care facilities with basic waste
wells; protected springs; rainwater; and packaged or delivered Proportion of schools with basic hygiene services – management services – Percentage of health care facilities
water). Percentage of schools with handwashing facilities with water where waste is safely segregated into at least three bins, and
Population using at least basic sanitation services – and soap available at the school at the time of the survey. sharps and infectious waste are treated and disposed of safely.
Percentage of the population using an improved sanitation Proportion of health care facilities with basic water
facility that is not shared with other households. Improved services – Percentage of health care facilities with water
facilities include: flush/pour flush to piped sewerage systems, available from an improved source located on premises. MAIN DATA SOURCES
septic tanks or pit latrines; ventilated improved pit latrines; Proportion of health care facilities with basic sanitation Basic drinking water, sanitation and hygiene services in
composting toilets or pit latrines with slabs. services – Percentage of health care facilities with improved households – WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for

89
TABLE 14. WASH

Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (JMP). Last update: July Sanitation and Hygiene (JMP). Last update: May 2024. Last update: October 2024.
2023. Basic water, sanitation and hygiene services in
Basic water, sanitation and hygiene services in schools – healthcare facilities – WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring
WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (JMP).

90
 TABLE 15. ADOLESCENTS

The table on adolescents presents a selection of indicators on the well-being of adolescents across various domains of their lives:
protection, education and learning as well as the transition to work. While adolescent well-being is broad and cannot be exhaustively
captured in a small selection of indicators, the measures in Table 15 are meant to serve as an illustrative sample and to complement
adolescent-relevant indicators that appear throughout the other statistical tables in this publication. Adolescent health indicators are
now presented in Table 5.

NEET and unemployment

Data on the degree to which adolescents are able to effectively transition to work, illustrated through the measures of those not in
employment, education or training (NEET) and the unemployment rate among adolescents aged 15–19 years, are drawn from the
ILO. Metadata and further notes on interpretation of these indicators are available through the ‘Metadata’ section of <ilo.org/ilostat>.
Some caution is warranted in interpreting these data since the standards for measuring labour statistics are in the midst of a revision
that affects the comparability of the current dataset with previous versions. Data shown in this publication are drawn from the data
series based on the 13th International Conference of Labour Statisticians. For more details, see the technical note on this topic
prepared by the ILO, which maintains these datasets: Quick guide to understanding the impact of the new statistical standards on
ILOSTAT databases.

THE STATE OF THE WORLD'S CHILDREN 2024 91

TABLE 15. ADOLESCENTS
Adolescent population Education and learning Transition to work (%)
Nutrition Protection
2023 2014–2019 (R) 2015–2023 (R)

Intimate
Proportion of partner
Not in education,
Aged 10−19 total Thinness Overweight violence Bullying (%) Engagement in
Proficiency in math Proficiency in reading employment, or Unemployment
(thousands) population 2022 2022 (%) 2011–2019 (R) household chores
training
(%) 2015–
2022 (R)
Countries
and areas Total Total Total Total Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female

Afghanistan 9,761 24 8 23 29 42 45 - - - - 20 y 57 y 9y 9y 12 21
Albania 351 12 3 21 - 17 19 56 59 38 58 21 17 29 26 1x 3x
Algeria 7,171 16 4 32 - 48 55 18 21 15 28 - - 32 y 38 y 1 1
Andorra 8 11 3 27 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Angola 7,909 23 7 12 24 - - - - - - 17 18 25 21 15 19
Anguilla 2 14 - - - 22 30 - - - - - - - - - -
Antigua and 13 14 3 44 - 24 x 27 x - - - - - - - - - -
Barbuda
Argentina 7,120 16 2 39 - 25 24 35 27 45 51 12 y 12 y 24 y 30 y 0x 1x
Armenia 360 13 4 22 0p 19 15 48 52 - - 26 y 5y - 42 y 0 1
Australia 3,133 12 2 36 - - - 78 77 76 85 6 4 14 11 - -
Austria 860 10 2 29 - 20 21 79 78 71 82 12 9 14 16 - -
Azerbaijan 1,492 15 5 24 12 x 25 27 - - - - - - 12 y 15 y - -
Bahamas 56 14 4 49 - 25 22 - - - - - - 20 26 - -
Bahrain 184 12 5 44 - 36 23 36 43 - - - - 10 x 21 x - -
Bangladesh 33,930 20 15 9 28 y 27 17 - - - - 10 30 15 8 0 4
Barbados 36 13 5 42 - 15 11 - - - - 26 23 50 29 0x 0x
Belarus 964 10 3 19 - - - 71 70 72 82 10 y 10 y 31 y 31 y 0 0
Belgium 1,325 11 3 22 - 16 18 82 79 75 82 - - 24 y 20 y - -
Belize 76 19 3 43 - 30 31 - - - - 20 32 15 34 1x 3x
Benin 3,049 23 7 13 10 y 47 52 - - - - 32 38 3 2 7y 14 y
Bhutan 137 18 5 18 - 31 29 - - - - 6 9 30 44 2x 5x
Bolivia
(Plurinational 2,349 20 1 37 - 32 28 - - - - 5 8 4 3 - -
State of)
Bosnia and 331 10 4 28 - - - - - 38 55 8 6 46 27 - -
Herzegovina
Botswana 496 21 11 15 - 53 x 52 x - - - - 28 26 45 74 - -
Brazil 30,156 14 3 32 - 45 y 35 y 34 30 44 56 12 17 23 32 1 1
British Virgin 5 13 - - - 18 x 17 x - - - - - - - - - -
Islands
Brunei 65 14 4 42 - 25 22 50 54 42 55 16 17 32 39 - -
Darussalam
Bulgaria 665 10 4 27 - 35 33 55 56 45 62 - - - - - -
Burkina Faso 5,314 24 13 7 7y - - - - - - 31 44 9 10 21 y 36 y
Burundi 3,174 24 9 7 38 - - - - - - 13 11 2 1 21 30
Cabo Verde 95 18 10 12 - - - - - - - - - 27 y 47 y - -
Cambodia 3,224 19 8 13 4 23 22 11 9 6 9 4 6 - - 2x 6x
Cameroon 6,198 23 5 17 20 - - - - - - 9x 18 x 4 4 8x 22 x
Canada 4,181 11 2 29 - 36 40 84 84 82 90 11 10 14 14 - -
Central African 1,360 27 9 14 32 x - - - - - - - - - - 17 23
Republic
Chad 4,269 24 11 10 15 - - - - - - 27 44 3 - 20 40
Chile 2,450 13 1 55 - 16 14 32 24 64 73 8 10 27 35 8x 10 x
China 165,717 12 4 21 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Colombia 7,969 16 2 27 - - - 40 30 48 52 17 25 18 30 1 2
Comoros 178 22 7 13 1p - - - - - - 18 16 7 - 4 11
Congo 1,338 23 9 11 - - - - - - - - - - - 8 9
Cook Islands 3 17 1 68 6 x,y 29 32 - - - - - - 26 x 24 x - -
Costa Rica 725 14 3 34 - 18 x 20 x 45 35 55 61 15 15 34 46 1 1
Côte d'Ivoire 6,663 22 8 15 15 - - - - - - 11 23 3 3 4 11
Croatia 402 10 2 25 - 23 21 70 68 72 85 - - 33 y 46 y - -
Cuba 1,234 11 6 34 - - - - - - - - - 5 x,y 13 x,y - -
Cyprus 132 10 3 32 - - - - - 46 67 9 11 41 30 - -
Czechia 1,078 10 3 14 - 17 19 79 80 74 85 4 4 29 y 20 y - -
Democratic
People's 3,354 13 10 20 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Republic of
Korea
Democratic
Republic of the 22,681 23 7 14 36 x - - - - - - 25 30 - - 7 17
Congo
Denmark 678 12 3 18 - 12 15 85 86 79 89 - - 14 y 15 y - -
Djibouti 231 21 8 10 - 44 x 36 x - - - - 17 24 88 85 - -
Dominica 9 13 4 37 - 29 x 26 x - - - - - - - - - -
Dominican
Republic 1,990 18 5 33 8y 26 22 10 9 16 26 27 30 13 19 1 2

Ecuador 3,181 18 3 32 10 y - - 34 24 47 52 11 20 5 8 - -
Egypt 21,404 19 3 40 18 y 70 70 20 23 - - 7 20 11 42 2y 3y
El Salvador 1,149 18 3 27 7 x,y 21 24 - - - - 12 25 7 13 5 13

92
TABLE 15. ADOLESCENTS

Adolescent population Education and learning Transition to work (%)

Nutrition Protection
2023 2014–2019 (R) 2015–2023 (R)

Intimate
Proportion of partner
Not in education,
Aged 10−19 total Thinness Overweight violence Bullying (%) Engagement in
Proficiency in math Proficiency in reading employment, or Unemployment
(thousands) population 2022 2022 (%) 2011–2019 (R) household chores
training
(%) 2015–
2022 (R)
Countries
and areas Total Total Total Total Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female

Equatorial 352 20 9 14 56 x,p - - - - - - - - - - - -

Guinea
Eritrea 842 25 14 10 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Estonia 143 11 2 28 - 30 30 90 90 86 92 8 6 - - - -
Eswatini 260 22 4 19 28 y 33 31 - - - - 16 23 43 53 4 5
Ethiopia 28,870 24 18 5 24 - - - - - - 9 18 3 6 14 21
Fiji 163 18 4 34 47 x,y 33 26 - - - - 8 13 16 32 3 2
Finland 614 11 2 31 - 28 24 83 87 80 93 - - 24 y 21 y - -
France 8,139 12 4 16 - 13 16 79 79 75 84 7 5 23 28 - -
Gabon 470 20 6 17 41 - - - - - - - - 27 x 38 x 10 14
Gambia 604 23 11 12 14 - - - - - - 36 28 7 5 3 17
Georgia 463 12 3 25 - 18 20 38 40 28 44 17 14 31 32 0 0
Germany 7,607 9 2 26 - 21 21 79 79 76 84 - - 9y 8y - -
Ghana 6,997 22 8 14 25 - - - - - - 17 21 3 3 13 19
Greece 1,089 10 1 32 - 18 21 63 65 61 78 5 4 31 y 46 y - -
Grenada 17 15 5 37 - 29 x 26 x - - - - 20 17 34 - - -
Guatemala 3,802 22 2 24 9 26 20 12 10 28 33 12 37 4 5 - -
Guinea 3,182 23 9 12 - - - - - - - 27 40 - - 11 18
Guinea-Bissau 476 23 8 12 - - - - - - - 13 22 - - 4 9
Guyana 148 18 8 28 - 40 x 37 x - - - - 40 49 29 45 4 2
Haiti 2,340 21 4 25 28 - - - - - - 8x 17 x - - 19 x 13 x
Holy See 0 5 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Honduras 2,135 21 3 31 8 13 y 12 y 19 12 28 31 13 y 36 y 9y 21 y 4 12
Hungary 973 10 3 32 - 27 28 69 65 70 79 6y 6y 25 y 35 y - -
Iceland 47 13 2 24 - 12 11 77 82 66 81 - - 16 y 11 y - -
India 257,361 18 21 10 18 - - - - - - 8 21 14 7 - -
Indonesia 46,387 17 9 21 - 24 19 26 30 24 36 14 15 17 17 - -
Iran (Islamic 12,434 14 9 31 - - - - - - - 13 23 17 17 - -
Republic of)
Iraq 9,544 22 4 40 - 32 22 - - - - 17 38 36 52 1 6
Ireland 686 14 2 25 - 32 32 84 84 85 91 - - - 16 y - -
Israel 1,483 17 3 23 - 29 18 63 69 60 77 - - 14 x,y 14 x,y - -
Italy 5,686 10 2 24 - 11 12 64 61 72 81 - - 33 y 39 y - -
Jamaica 450 16 3 35 11 y 26 25 - - - - 21 21 11 20 - -
Japan 11,313 9 3 15 - - - - - - - - - 4 2 - -
Jordan 2,249 20 3 40 15 47 x 37 x 40 41 46 71 22 21 50 26 0 2
Kazakhstan 3,095 16 6 19 - 15 16 51 51 29 43 - - 5y 9y - -
Kenya 12,807 24 10 9 25 y 57 x 57 x - - - - 8 13 6 9 - -
Kiribati 25 19 1 48 67 p 42 32 - - - - 37 30 23 40 17 19
Kuwait 540 12 3 52 - 36 28 20 16 - - - - - - - -
Kyrgyzstan 1,214 18 3 12 3x - - - - - - 8 9 7 9 5 11
Lao People's
Democratic 1,473 20 7 15 14 x,y 15 11 - - - - 18 20 2 2 5 11
Republic
Latvia 193 10 2 19 - 44 49 83 83 71 84 - - 24 - - -
Lebanon 1,056 18 2 42 - 24 12 36 34 28 36 15 20 28 29 - -
Lesotho 488 22 6 13 - - - - - - - 22 30 10 35 11 16
Liberia 1,254 24 7 16 58 43 51 - - - - 37 36 - - 18 21
Libya 1,339 19 5 36 - 40 x 31 x - - - - - - - - - -
Liechtenstein 4 10 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Lithuania 266 10 3 17 - 51 51 73 76 68 83 - - 24 - - -
Luxembourg 67 11 2 21 - 21 23 74 72 66 76 - - - 35 - -
Madagascar 6,796 23 8 6 19 - - - - - - 3x 3x 7 5 17 26
Malawi 5,018 25 4 8 28 43 x 47 x - - - - 10 y 16 y - - 5 12
Malaysia 5,659 17 8 33 - 19 y 14 y 56 60 47 61 - - 15 y 14 y - -
Maldives 67 13 13 30 4 30 30 - - - - 30 26 29 16 - -
Mali 5,496 25 11 15 21 y - - - - - - 16 36 1 5 2 8
Malta 45 9 3 25 - 29 22 61 63 55 74 17 16 - - - -
Marshall Islands 10 24 2 40 27 x,y - - - - - - 36 33 28 31 - -
Mauritania 1,105 23 11 21 8 48 x 46 x - - - - 29 44 18 23 13 23
Mauritius 172 13 10 29 - 29 22 - - - - 15 y 18 y 23 y 36 y - -
Mexico 22,450 18 2 40 9y - - 47 41 52 58 9 19 5 7 2 3
Micronesia
(Federated 24 21 1 46 35 x,y - - - - - - 18 x 23 x - 29 x - -
States of)
Monaco 3 8 - - - - - - - - - - - 56 y 42 y - -
Mongolia 541 16 4 17 8y 36 25 - - - - 8 7 17 23 18 14

93
TABLE 15. ADOLESCENTS

Adolescent population Education and learning Transition to work (%)

Nutrition Protection
2023 2014–2019 (R) 2015–2023 (R)

Intimate
Proportion of partner
Not in education,
Aged 10−19 total Thinness Overweight violence Bullying (%) Engagement in
Proficiency in math Proficiency in reading employment, or Unemployment
(thousands) population 2022 2022 (%) 2011–2019 (R) household chores
training
(%) 2015–
2022 (R)
Countries
and areas Total Total Total Total Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female

Montenegro 76 13 2 24 - - - 55 52 48 63 12 10 30 - 0 0
Montserrat 1 12 - - - 32 x 25 x - - - - - - - - - -
Morocco 6,353 17 4 22 - 44 32 14 15 22 32 - - 17 x 11 x - -
Mozambique 7,548 24 5 9 10 y 45 46 - - - - - - 7 5 - -
Myanmar 8,926 17 12 15 22 51 49 - - - - 9y 12 y 6y 6y - -
Namibia 562 20 10 13 52 x,p 48 45 - - - - 17 20 37 39 - -
Nauru 2 21 1 63 - 40 38 - - - - 45 49 21 31 - -
Nepal 6,062 21 11 9 21 56 45 - - - - 16 30 22 24 7x 17 x
Netherlands 1,991 11 2 17 - 12 12 84 85 71 81 - - 10 y 11 y - -
(Kingdom of the)
New Zealand 651 13 1 40 - - - 79 78 77 86 - - 17 16 - -
Nicaragua 1,298 20 2 32 - - - - - - - 7x 32 x 6x 11 x - -
Niger 6,046 25 18 9 - - - - - - - 12 35 - - 18 x 25 x
Nigeria 51,842 24 16 9 13 - - - - - - 8 16 4 7 17 y 19 y
Niue 0 17 1 68 - 38 x - - - - - - - - - - -
North 213 11 4 25 - 19 18 37 41 34 57 11 8 37 55 1 1
Macedonia
Norway 646 12 2 23 - 16 14 79 83 74 88 - - 18 y 15 y - -
Oman 589 13 6 39 - 45 39 20 27 - - - - 57 y 26 y - -
Pakistan 53,575 22 18 19 17 y 45 x 35 x - - - - 14 y 46 y 10 y 8y - -
Palau 2 13 2 51 8 x,y - - - - - - 11 10 - - - -
Panama 730 17 2 37 - - - 21 17 33 39 8y 14 y 15 y 21 y 0x 1x
Papua New 2,086 21 2 41 60 - - - - - - 26 x 30 x 3x - - -
Guinea
Paraguay 1,185 18 2 31 - 19 15 11 6 30 34 11 23 13 21 4 9
Peru 5,706 17 1 39 18 47 x 48 x - - - - 21 24 7 8 3 5
Philippines 22,603 20 11 15 10 42 y 42 y - - 15 23 6 6 4 6 - -
Poland 3,852 10 3 22 - 23 18 85 86 80 90 - - 18 27 - -
Portugal 1,030 10 2 18 - 17 19 77 77 76 84 - - 39 y - - -
Qatar 222 8 6 48 - 49 35 36 37 36 62 - - 0y 0y - -
Republic of 4,681 9 2 32 - - - 84 86 81 89 - - 8 6 - -
Korea
Republic of 358 12 3 17 15 x 43 44 49 50 49 66 6 4 - - - -
Moldova
Romania 2,120 11 5 20 - 31 30 54 53 52 67 - - 44 40 - -
Russian 15,707 11 3 16 - 31 35 78 78 73 83 - - 18 21 - -
Federation
Rwanda 3,112 23 6 10 - - - - - - - 25 23 21 17 0 0
Saint Kitts and 6 13 4 42 - 25 20 - - - - - - - - - -
Nevis
Saint Lucia 25 14 4 37 - 24 29 - - - - 29 22 62 54 3x 1x
Saint Vincent
and the 15 15 3 36 - 31 x 29 x - - - - - - - - - -
Grenadines
Samoa 45 21 1 54 - 43 34 - - - - 17 19 - 37 3 2
San Marino 4 10 - - - - - - - - - - - 13 y 20 y - -
Sao Tome and
Principe 53 24 5 14 28 x - - - - - - - - 9y 9y 4 11

Saudi Arabia 4,651 15 8 46 - - - 12 11 34 62 - - 27 y 44 y - -

Senegal 4,034 23 18 8 3 - - 8 7 8 9 21 37 2 4 6 23
Serbia 681 10 2 29 - 18 19 60 61 55 70 8 7 34 30 1 2
Seychelles 15 13 6 34 - 45 50 - - - - 31 23 16 - - -
Sierra Leone 1,879 23 4 11 43 60 57 - - - - 24 28 - - 12 20
Singapore 608 11 3 35 - - - 92 95 86 92 5 3 - 13 - -
Slovakia 550 10 4 24 - 20 19 75 75 62 75 7 5 52 67 - -
Slovenia 207 10 2 28 - 26 23 83 84 75 89 7 6 16 15 - -
Solomon Islands 167 22 2 28 - 64 68 - - - - 5x 6x - - 6 9
Somalia 4,048 23 8 10 - - - - - - - 34 40 40 37 - -
South Africa 10,406 17 4 22 12 y - - - - - - 13 15 71 78 1 2
South Sudan 2,880 27 8 12 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Spain 4,950 10 2 28 - 10 9 75 75 80 87 - - 43 y 43 y - -
Sri Lanka 3,586 16 18 17 - 50 29 - - - - 11 12 26 27 0 0
State of 1,136 22 4 33 - - - - - - - 18 14 34 33 1 2
Palestine
Sudan 11,179 23 17 13 - - - - - - - 17 x 33 x 11 - 4x 8x
Suriname 110 18 5 35 - 25 25 - - - - 11 11 23 62 1 2
Sweden 1,208 12 2 25 - 18 19 81 82 77 86 - - 39 y 33 y - -
Switzerland 854 10 2 24 - 14 18 84 83 72 82 10 10 8 9 - -
Syrian Arab 5,478 25 5 36 - - - - - - - - - 19 x,y 27 x,y - -
Republic

94
TABLE 15. ADOLESCENTS

Adolescent population Education and learning Transition to work (%)

Nutrition Protection
2023 2014–2019 (R) 2015–2023 (R)

Intimate
Proportion of partner
Not in education,
Aged 10−19 total Thinness Overweight violence Bullying (%) Engagement in
Proficiency in math Proficiency in reading employment, or Unemployment
(thousands) population 2022 2022 (%) 2011–2019 (R) household chores
training
(%) 2015–
2022 (R)
Countries
and areas Total Total Total Total Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female

Tajikistan 1,907 19 9 10 6 7x 7x - - - - - - 12 y 7y - -
Thailand 8,683 12 8 25 - 38 28 43 51 31 49 7 8 4 7 - -
Timor-Leste 313 23 18 4 38 39 25 - - - - 17 16 2 3 4 6
Togo 2,002 23 6 11 13 x - - - - - - 5 12 - - 19 31
Tokelau 0 20 1 61 - 39 39 - - - - - - - - - -
Tonga 24 23 0 62 - 46 31 - - - - 17 14 - - 3 0
Trinidad and
Tobago 188 13 9 39 - 13 18 43 52 48 67 11 12 - - 0y 0y

Tunisia 1,777 15 5 29 - 37 x 24 x 27 24 23 33 20 y 15 y 43 y 34 y - -
Türkiye 12,892 15 2 33 18 x,y 39 33 41 43 68 79 12 22 13 y 19 y - -
Turkmenistan 1,120 16 6 16 - - - - - - - - - - - 0 0
Turks and Caicos
Islands 5 11 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5 2

Tuvalu 2 18 1 57 - 40 15 - - - - 74 72 31 34 0 0
Uganda 11,576 25 7 10 31 50 x 41 x 49 34 50 49 8 13 3 4 7 18
Ukraine 4,519 10 6 13 2x 40 41 - - 68 81 - - 29 y 27 y 2x 2x
United Arab 972 10 4 46 - 33 22 45 48 46 68 4 5 14 37 - -
Emirates
United Kingdom 7,932 12 2 30 - 38 37 82 80 79 86 - - 20 15 - -
United Republic 14,713 23 9 8 - 25 y 28 y - - - - 8 14 2 3 4x 7x
of Tanzania
United States 44,302 13 1 43 - 26 x,y 25 x,y 74 72 77 85 8y 7y 12 y 10 y - -
Uruguay 472 14 2 37 - 18 20 51 48 53 63 11 9 39 53 1x 2x
Uzbekistan 5,511 16 4 18 - - - - - - - - - 22 21 5 9
Vanuatu 63 21 2 34 - 60 46 - - - - 42 43 10 11 - -
Venezuela
(Bolivarian 5,400 19 3 36 - - - - - - - 16 25 21 y 24 y - -
Republic of)
Viet Nam 14,414 15 11 14 16 x,y 26 26 79 83 81 91 8 9 7 6 3 4
Yemen 8,261 22 15 18 - 47 33 - - - - 18 x 58 x 25 x 29 x 9y 28 y
Zambia 4,717 24 5 12 27 - - 2 3 4 6 17 22 7 7 8x 9x
Zimbabwe 3,853 24 6 10 31 - - - - - - 19 26 12 14 4 10

SUMMARY

East Asia and 304,360 13 6 21 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Pacific
Europe and 107,309 12 3 22 - 26 25 - - - - - - 21 23 - -
Central Asia
Eastern Europe 54,441 13 4 21 - 33 32 - - - - - - 19 21 - -
and Central Asia
Western 52,868 11 2 24 - 20 20 - - - - - - 23 24 - -
Europe
Latin America
and the 105,003 16 3 35 - - - - - - - 13 20 16 21 2 3
Caribbean
Middle East and 86,846 18 6 34 - 52 46 - - - - 12 24 23 37 3 7
North Africa
North America 48,482 13 2 42 - - - - - - - 8 7 12 10 - -
South Asia 364,478 19 20 11 19 - - - - - - 9 27 14 7 - -
Sub-Saharan 278,611 23 11 10 19 - - - - - - 14 21 10 11 12 18
Africa
Eastern and 141,852 23 10 10 23 - - - - - - 12 17 14 15 10 17
Southern Africa
West and
Central Africa 136,759 23 12 11 15 - - - - - - 16 25 4 6 13 19

Least developed 250,567 23 11 11 24 - - - - - - 15 26 9 8 9 18

countries
World 1,299,161 16 10 19 18 - - - - - - 11 19 13 13 - -

For a complete list of countries and areas in the regions, subregions and country categories, see page on Regional Classifications or visit <https://data.unicef.org/regionalclassifications>.
It is not advisable to compare data from consecutive editions of The State of the World’s Children report.

NOTES p Based on small denominators (typically 25–49 unweighted DEFINITIONS OF THE INDICATORS
- Data not available. cases). No data based on fewer than 25 unweighted cases are Thinness – Percentage of adolescents aged 10–19 years with
x Data refer to years or periods other than those specified in displayed. BMI < −2 standard deviations of the median according to the
the column heading. Such data are not included in the y Data differ from the standard definition or refer to only part of WHO growth reference for school-age children and
calculation of regional and global averages. Estimates from a country. If they fall within the noted reference period, such adolescents.
data years prior to 2000 are not displayed. data are included in the calculation of regional and global Overweight – Percentage of adolescents aged 10–19 years
R Data refer to the most recent year available during the period averages. with BMI > 1 standard deviations of the median according to
specified in the column heading. the WHO growth reference for school-age children and
adolescents.

95
TABLE 15. ADOLESCENTS

Intimate partner violence – Percentage of ever-partnered girls Unemployment – Percentage of adolescents aged 15–19 adolescents and adults. Lancet 2024. DOI:
aged 15–19 years who have experienced physical and/or sexual years in the labour force who are unemployed. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0140-6736(23)02750-2.
violence by a current or former intimate partner during the last 12 Engagement in household chores – Percentage of Intimate partner violence – DHS, MICS and other national
months. adolescents aged 10–14 years who, during the reference week, surveys. Last update: March 2024.
Bullying – Percentage of students aged 13–15 years who reported spent at least 21 hours on unpaid household services. Bullying – Health Behaviour in School-aged Children Study
being bullied on one or more days in the past 30 days. (HBSC), Global School-based Student Health Surveys (GSHS)
Proficiency in math – Percentage of children and young people
and other national surveys. Last update: March 2024.
at the end of lower secondary achieving at least a minimum
proficiency level in math.
MAIN DATA SOURCES Proficiency in math and reading – United Nations Statistics
Adolescent population – United Nations, Department of Division. Last update: April 2019.
Proficiency in reading – Percentage of children and young
people at the end of lower secondary achieving at least a minimum Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2024). World NEET – International Labour Organization. Last update: January
proficiency level in reading. Population Prospects 2024. 2024.
Not in education, employment or training (NEET) – Percentage Thinness and overweight – NCD Risk Factor Collaboration Unemployment – International Labour Organization. Last
of adolescents aged 15–19 years not in education, employment or (NCD-RisC), based on Worldwide trends in underweight and update: October 2024.
training. obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 Engagement in household chores – DHS, MICS and other
population-representative studies with 222 million children, national surveys. Last update: March 2024.

96
 TABLE 16. CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES

This table presents a selection of indicators on child well-being across various domains: child protection, early childhood
development, education, nutrition, social protection and equity as well as WASH. For each indicator, data are presented for children
with and without disabilities. While measuring well-being is broad and cannot be exhaustively captured in a small selection of
indicators, the data in Table 16 are meant to be illustrative of whether disparities exist between these two population groups. Some of
the data in this table must be interpreted with caution due to caveats in the tools used to gather the information, as explained below.
The values for some countries may differ from previously published values due to the re-calculation of indicators according to
standard definitions.

Stunting and overweight

Collecting data on the growth of children with disabilities presents challenges. Anthropometric measurements in surveys are typically
carried out by trained measurers and under uniform conditions, which include the use of standardized digital scales and
measurement boards. Children with certain types of impairments may not grow in the same way as children who develop more
typically. This may mean that their health and development cannot be properly measured by standard tools used in the context of
household surveys. Moreover, measuring and weighing children with specific types of impairments may lead to larger measurement
errors. Finally, it should be noted that the WHO Child Growth Standards were calculated based on children without physical
impairments. Therefore, even when a child’s height and weight can be collected, standard nutrition indicators (used to measure
stunting and overweight) may be inappropriate to assess growth for children with certain disabilities, making findings more difficult to
interpret.

Early childhood education and never attended school

A relevant consideration is the limitation of the data in providing a comprehensive account of all factors affecting a child’s learning
experience. While the indicators used here measure education uptake, they fall short in fully capturing the experiences of children
with disabilities in obtaining an education and the barriers they face.

Another data limitation is the inability to distinguish between children who are in mainstream education and those who are in
disability-specific educational settings. This is significant since many countries have highly segregated school systems for children
with disabilities. For example, what is considered progression in a special education school may be significantly different from that in
a mainstream school, fundamentally altering responses to what is considered ‘at level’ for the child. If this distinction could be
captured, then the reported inequities between children with and without disabilities would likely be even greater.

Foundational learning skills

Data on foundational reading and numeracy skills are only generated for children who can complete three reading tasks and four
numeracy tasks. Non-completion observations include children who started but were unable to finish the assessment tasks, who
refused to take the assessment (or whose mothers did not permit them to take the assessment) or who could not participate in the
assessment due to illness or an impairment. Inaccessibility could thus be a barrier to participation for some children (for example, if a
child is blind or requires assistive technology or reasonable accommodations to participate and these could not be provided).
Therefore, the results that show differences in foundational learning skills for children with and without disabilities should be
interpreted with the understanding that children with certain difficulties are less likely to have been part of such an assessment.

Basic sanitation services on premises

The indicator provides information on the percentage of children aged 2–17 years living in a household with improved sanitation
services not shared with other households and located in their own dwelling or in their own yard/plot. The definitions used for service
levels and type of facilities are established by the JMP.

THE STATE OF THE WORLD'S CHILDREN 2024 97

 In assessing and measuring sanitation services, it is important to consider not only the types of facilities available to households but
also whether they are easily accessible and/or shared with other households. The distinction between availability and access is
particularly significant for children with disabilities since they often face unique and disproportionate barriers to access even when
services are available. However, for indicators on the services, the key metric assessed is the type of facility used and whether it is in
the household, shared with other households, or a distance away from the household. Therefore, while the data can demonstrate the
availability of WASH services for households with children with disabilities, it is not possible from the current data to assess whether
that translates into a usable facility and full accessibility for the children themselves. Further work is required to develop an
international standard for measuring the accessibility of WASH facilities for children with disabilities. Moreover, the data do not offer
insights into non-household settings in which children with disabilities may find themselves, such as schools, residential care or
health-care facilities and other public buildings.

Social transfers

While social protection encompasses a host of interventions beyond social transfers, there is a dearth of internationally comparable
data about many, if not most, non-cash interventions. Also, for most countries, it is not possible to know whether the social transfer
was in any way related to disability or was provided to the household based on other factors.

THE STATE OF THE WORLD'S CHILDREN 2024 98

TABLE 16. CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES
Social protection
Child nutrition Early childhood development Education Child protection WASH
and equity
2017–2023 (R) 2017–2023 (R) 2017–2023 (R) 2017–2023 (R) 2017–2023 (R)
Children with 2017–2023 (R)
disabilities (%)
2017–2023 (R) Moderate and Early stimulation Basic sanitation
Moderate and Early childhood Never attended Foundational Severe physical
severe underweight and responsive care services on Social transfers (%)
severe stunting (%) education (%) school (%) learning skills (%) punishment (%)
(%) (%) premises (%)

Children Children Children Children Children Children Children Children Children Children Children Children Children Children Children Children Children Children
2– 5– with without with without with without with without with without with without with without with without with without
2–4
17 17 disabil– disabil– disabil– disabil– disabil– disabil– disabil– disabil– disabil– disabil– disabil– disabil– disabil– disabil– disabil– disabil– disabil– disabil–
Countries ities ities ities ities ities ities ities ities ities ities ities ities ities ities ities ities ities ities
and areas
Afghanistan 31 y 11 y 35 y 26 y 19 y 57 y 50 y 55 y 53 y 0 1 41 38 8 12 68 y 58 y 38 y 43 y - -
Albania - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Algeria 17 3 21 7 2 14 10 46 62 7 15 3 1 - - 23 17 86 86 39 33
Andorra - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Angola - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Anguilla - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Antigua and - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Barbuda
Argentina 11 4 14 4 3 13 10 85 85 57 65 1 0 - - 12 6 95 96 - -
Armenia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Australia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Austria - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Azerbaijan - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Bahamas - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Bahrain - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Bangladesh 7 3 8 33 25 42 30 58 63 13 19 8 2 19 25 42 30 56 63 72 70
Barbados - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Belarus 4 2 5 - - - - 96 p 97 73 91 2 0 60 67 0 0 98 99 76 63
Belgium - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Belize - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Benin 13 y 9 y 14 y 22 20 41 39 - - 13 13 15 18 8 10 24 18 19 19 45 44
Bhutan - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Bolivia
(Plurinational - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
State of)
Bosnia and - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Herzegovina
Botswana - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Brazil - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
British Virgin - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Islands
Brunei - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Darussalam
Bulgaria - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Burkina Faso - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Burundi - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Cabo Verde - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Cambodia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Cameroon - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Canada - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Central African
Republic 27 15 31 30 23 54 47 34 y 40 y 4 7 13 10 0 1 48 35 8 10 40 36

Chad 24 10 29 36 29 48 42 55 55 1 1 48 41 4 3 35 31 9 10 7 7
Chile - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
China - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Colombia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Comoros 22 7 25 11 9 18 16 71 65 26 31 3 3 22 18 11 8 55 57 10 10
Congo - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Cook Islands - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Costa Rica 18 7 21 7 3 9 8 71 76 40 44 0 0 - - 5 2 94 96 50 45
Côte d'Ivoire - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Croatia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Cuba 8 2 12 0 3 38 7 87 90 29 50 0 0 - - 6 1 83 86 - -
Cyprus - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Czechia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Democratic
People's 1 2 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Republic of
Korea
Democratic
Republic of the 16 7 20 32 25 57 47 33 45 4 5 7 5 0 1 47 42 14 13 - -
Congo
Denmark - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Djibouti - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Dominica - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Dominican 10 5 11 7 2 11 5 53 64 32 49 3 1 - - 7 4 83 86 - -
Republic
Ecuador - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Egypt - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

99
TABLE 16. CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES

Social protection
Child nutrition Early childhood development Education Child protection WASH
and equity
2017–2023 (R) 2017–2023 (R) 2017–2023 (R) 2017–2023 (R) 2017–2023 (R)
Children with 2017–2023 (R)
disabilities (%)
2017–2023 (R) Moderate and Early stimulation Basic sanitation
Moderate and Early childhood Never attended Foundational Severe physical
severe underweight and responsive care services on Social transfers (%)
severe stunting (%) education (%) school (%) learning skills (%) punishment (%)
(%) (%) premises (%)

Children Children Children Children Children Children Children Children Children Children Children Children Children Children Children Children Children Children
2– 5– with without with without with without with without with without with without with without with without with without
2–4
17 17 disabil– disabil– disabil– disabil– disabil– disabil– disabil– disabil– disabil– disabil– disabil– disabil– disabil– disabil– disabil– disabil– disabil– disabil–
Countries ities ities ities ities ities ities ities ities ities ities ities ities ities ities ities ities ities ities
and areas
El Salvador 11 3 13 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Equatorial
Guinea - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Eritrea - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Estonia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Eswatini 13 14 13 6 4 25 21 20 33 8 10 1 0 18 26 7 5 59 62 32 32
Ethiopia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Fiji 9 6 9 6 5 10 8 98 97 15 p 22 4 0 21 43 17 13 85 86 90 91
Finland - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
France - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Gabon - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Gambia 9 5 10 20 14 31 20 8 17 20 24 18 15 4 5 21 16 41 45 - -
Georgia 8 2 10 3p 2 9p 7 83 p 78 - 78 4 0 - - 13 4 88 93 96 89
Germany - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Ghana 19 11 21 8 12 19 20 27 35 72 71 4 3 5 9 24 16 16 16 - -
Greece - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Grenada - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Guatemala - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Guinea - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Guinea-Bissau 14 5 16 16 17 37 29 47 43 12 15 17 11 1 4 20 21 12 13 - -
Guyana 15 4 18 7 8 15 8 79 91 73 p 46 1 1 41 51 10 6 84 89 74 67
Haiti - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Holy See - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Honduras 14 6 16 16 7 31 21 34 36 9 14 4 1 - - 8 4 79 81 - -
Hungary - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Iceland - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
India - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Indonesia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Iran (Islamic - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Republic of)
Iraq 19 3 22 11 3 18 10 35 45 3 2 7 3 - - 40 30 90 91 36 29
Ireland - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Israel - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Italy - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Jamaica - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Japan - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Jordan - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Kazakhstan - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Kenya - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Kiribati 21 13 23 12 5 27 18 77 77 62 73 2 0 15 14 31 24 38 41 86 84
Kuwait - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Kyrgyzstan 7 1 9 6p 1 16 p 12 81 p 87 - 39 3 0 26 43 12 5 96 98 60 49
Lao People's
Democratic - 2y - 37 24 58 37 14 30 11 33 - - - - 6y 5y 50 y 65 y 11 y 12 y
Republic
Latvia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Lebanon - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Lesotho 8 8 8 9 10 40 34 28 28 52 45 2 0 9 11 12 7 50 49 - -
Liberia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Libya - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Liechtenstein - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Lithuania - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Luxembourg - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Madagascar 13 10 14 32 29 49 46 27 25 13 15 13 11 3 6 16 9 9 11 30 30
Malawi 12 5 14 19 13 43 38 37 35 27 34 2 1 5 7 20 17 42 45 57 56
Malaysia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Maldives - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mali - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Malta - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Marshall Islands - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mauritania - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mauritius - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mexico 14 4 16 9 3 18 13 72 78 43 54 - - - - 13 y 5y - - - -
Micronesia
(Federated - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
States of)

100
TABLE 16. CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES

Social protection
Child nutrition Early childhood development Education Child protection WASH
and equity
2017–2023 (R) 2017–2023 (R) 2017–2023 (R) 2017–2023 (R) 2017–2023 (R)
Children with 2017–2023 (R)
disabilities (%)
2017–2023 (R) Moderate and Early stimulation Basic sanitation
Moderate and Early childhood Never attended Foundational Severe physical
severe underweight and responsive care services on Social transfers (%)
severe stunting (%) education (%) school (%) learning skills (%) punishment (%)
(%) (%) premises (%)

Children Children Children Children Children Children Children Children Children Children Children Children Children Children Children Children Children Children
2– 5– with without with without with without with without with without with without with without with without with without
2–4
17 17 disabil– disabil– disabil– disabil– disabil– disabil– disabil– disabil– disabil– disabil– disabil– disabil– disabil– disabil– disabil– disabil– disabil– disabil–
Countries ities ities ities ities ities ities ities ities ities ities ities ities ities ities ities ities ities ities
and areas
Monaco - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mongolia 5 2 6 4 2 13 11 40 58 55 p 74 6 0 33 35 9 5 59 65 - -
Montenegro 6 1 8 - 2 - 8 - 91 - 53 7 0 - - 5 5 96 94 - -
Montserrat - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Morocco - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mozambique - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Myanmar - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Namibia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Nauru - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Nepal 11 2 13 56 26 51 35 53 74 34 p 62 5 2 23 29 23 21 72 74 47 42
Netherlands - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
(Kingdom of the)
New Zealand - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Nicaragua - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Niger - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Nigeria 14 8 16 - - - - 38 55 27 36 24 16 11 21 43 29 32 36 29 25
Niue - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
North 9 2 11 - 1 - 4 - 88 - 37 1 0 22 35 13 7 88 95 61 53
Macedonia
Norway - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Oman - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Pakistan - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Palau - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Panama - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Papua New - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Guinea
Paraguay - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Peru - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Philippines - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Poland - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Portugal - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Qatar - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Republic of - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Korea
Republic of - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Moldova
Romania - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Russian - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Federation
Rwanda - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Saint Kitts and - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Nevis
Saint Lucia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Saint Vincent
and the - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Grenadines
Samoa 19 7 23 3 3 13 7 74 88 11 27 1 0 18 22 28 19 95 95 65 67
San Marino - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Sao Tome and 18 5 20 5 5 11 12 34 43 24 35 2 0 16 27 17 14 36 44 9 8
Principe
Saudi Arabia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Senegal - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Serbia 4 2 5 - 1 - 5 85 p 96 - 61 - 0 - - 0 1 99 98 67 54
Seychelles - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Sierra Leone 20 7 23 13 11 38 30 11 19 10 12 13 12 7 8 30 26 16 15 26 22
Singapore - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Slovakia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Slovenia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Solomon Islands - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Somalia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
South Africa - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
South Sudan - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Spain - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Sri Lanka - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
State of 12 2 15 5 2 9 8 57 76 22 35 1 0 26 37 24 21 96 97 37 34
Palestine
Sudan - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Suriname 11 5 14 1 7 18 9 53 67 31 p 46 2 1 11 18 13 8 77 84 41 35

101
TABLE 16. CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES

Social protection
Child nutrition Early childhood development Education Child protection WASH
and equity
2017–2023 (R) 2017–2023 (R) 2017–2023 (R) 2017–2023 (R) 2017–2023 (R)
Children with 2017–2023 (R)
disabilities (%)
2017–2023 (R) Moderate and Early stimulation Basic sanitation
Moderate and Early childhood Never attended Foundational Severe physical
severe underweight and responsive care services on Social transfers (%)
severe stunting (%) education (%) school (%) learning skills (%) punishment (%)
(%) (%) premises (%)

Children Children Children Children Children Children Children Children Children Children Children Children Children Children Children Children Children Children
2– 5– with without with without with without with without with without with without with without with without with without
2–4
17 17 disabil– disabil– disabil– disabil– disabil– disabil– disabil– disabil– disabil– disabil– disabil– disabil– disabil– disabil– disabil– disabil– disabil– disabil–
Countries ities ities ities ities ities ities ities ities ities ities ities ities ities ities ities ities ities ities
and areas
Sweden - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Switzerland - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Syrian Arab - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Republic
Tajikistan - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Thailand - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Timor-Leste - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Togo 19 8 21 19 15 28 27 14 19 14 21 3 3 3 6 30 21 18 16 - -
Tokelau - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Tonga 9 7 10 1 1 2 2 86 88 14 p 37 1 0 54 45 30 23 86 89 49 36
Trinidad and 10 y 3 y 11 y - - - - 74 p 87 61 p 59 1 0 44 64 5 2 90 94 48 31
Tobago
Tunisia 20 4 24 1 1 13 8 52 74 31 p 51 2 0 19 26 36 21 95 96 15 10
Türkiye - - 14 y - - - - - - - - - - - - 5y 3y - - 32 y 27 y
Turkmenistan 2 1 3 0p 2 - 5 74 p 90 - 41 7p 0 58 p 66 1 1 98 98 69 64
Turks and Caicos 6 2 7 - 1 - 0 - 87 - 93 - 0 - 57 24 p 5 95 p 95 9p 9
Islands
Tuvalu 12 9 13 - 4 - 6 - 88 - 73 0 0 18 p 32 14 5 82 80 52 41
Uganda - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Ukraine - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
United Arab - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Emirates
United Kingdom - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
United Republic - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
of Tanzania
United States - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Uruguay - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Uzbekistan 16 5 18 - - - - 70 78 44 p 46 1 0 - - 8 4 89 91 - -
Vanuatu - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Venezuela
(Bolivarian - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Republic of)
Viet Nam 2 1 2 - - - - 45 p 65 - 81 8 0 61 68 5 2 72 86 53 45
Yemen 18 y 6 y 21 y 53 42 59 52 - - 0 1 12 10 - - - - 51 56 39 34
Zambia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Zimbabwe 9 4 10 13 9 30 25 31 38 19 29 1 0 15 22 12 6 33 35 49 44

SUMMARY

East Asia and - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Pacific
Europe and - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Central Asia
Eastern Europe
and Central Asia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Western - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Europe
Latin America
and the - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Caribbean
Middle East and - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
North Africa
North America - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
South Asia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Sub-Saharan - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Africa
Eastern and - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Southern Africa
West and
Central Africa - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Least developed - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
countries
World - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

For a complete list of countries and areas in the regions, subregions and country categories, see page on Regional Classifications or visit <https://data.unicef.org/regionalclassifications>.
It is not advisable to compare data from consecutive editions of The State of the World’s Children report.

102
TABLE 16. CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES

NOTES deviations of the median weight-for-age of the WHO Child Foundational learning skills – Percentage of children aged 7
- Data not available. Growth Standards. to 14 years who demonstrate foundational numeracy skills and
R Data refer to the most recent year available during the period Moderate and severe stunting – Percentage of children foundational reading skills.
specified in the column heading. aged 24 to 59 months who are below minus two standard Severe physical punishment – Percentage of children aged 2
p Based on small denominators (typically 25–49 unweighted deviations of the median height-for-age of the WHO Child to 14 years who experienced severe physical punishment by
cases). No data based on fewer than 25 unweighted cases are Growth Standards. caregivers in the past month.
displayed. Early stimulation and responsive care – Percentage of Basic sanitation services on premises – Percentage of
y Data differ from the standard definition or refer to only part children aged 24 to 59 months with whom an adult has children aged 2 to 17 years living in a household with improved
of a country. If they fall within the noted reference period, such engaged in four or more of the following activities to provide sanitation facilities not shared with other households and
data are included in the calculation of regional and global early stimulation and responsive care in the past three days: a) located in their own dwelling or in their own yard/plot.
averages. reading books to the child, b) telling stories to the child, c) Social transfers – Percentage of children aged 2 to 17 years
singing songs to the child, d) taking the child outside the home, living in a household that received any type of social transfers
e) playing with the child, and f) spending time with the child and benefits in the last three months.
DEFINITIONS OF THE INDICATORS naming, counting or drawing things.
Children with disabilities – Children aged 2 to 17 years who Early childhood education – Percentage of children aged 36
have one or more difficulties in at least one functional domain. to 59 months who are attending an early childhood education MAIN DATA SOURCES
Moderate and severe underweight – Percentage of children programme. For all indicators in the table – Multiple Indicator Cluster
aged 24 to 59 months who are below minus two standard Never attended school – Percentage of children aged 10 to Surveys (MICS) and other national surveys. Last update:
17 years who have never attended school. September 2024.

103
 TABLE 17. WOMEN’S ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT

This table presents a selection of indicators measuring women’s economic empowerment given its importance to the well-being of
children as well as the intrinsic importance of women’s economic empowerment as articulated in SDG 5: Achieve gender equality and
empower all women and girls.

Social institutions and gender index (SIGI)

Discriminatory laws, attitudes and practices affect the life course of women and girls, restricting their ability to accumulate human,
social and productive assets and to exercise agency and voice over choices that affect their well-being. The SIGI, a composite
measure of gender discrimination in social institutions, produced by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development,
combines qualitative and quantitative data on discriminatory social institutions in four areas: discrimination in the family, restricted
physical integrity, restricted access to productive and financial resources, and restricted civil liberties.

Legal frameworks that promote, enforce, and monitor gender equality in employment and economic benefits

Equality and non-discrimination on the basis of sex are core principles enshrined in international legal and policy frameworks,
including the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) and the Beijing Declaration and
Platform for Action. Removing discriminatory laws and putting in place legal frameworks that advance gender equality in employment
are prerequisites for increasing women’s paid and decent work and, in turn, their economic empowerment. The term ‘legal
frameworks’ is defined broadly to encompass laws, mechanisms and policies/plans to promote, enforce and monitor gender equality.
Data derived for this indicator, SDG 5.1.1, come from an assessment of a country’s legal frameworks completed by national statistical
offices and/or national women’s machinery, and legal practitioners/researchers on gender equality.

Maternity/paternity leave benefits

Parental leave benefits are critical for supporting the health and well-being of children and women’s economic empowerment,
including infants’ survival and healthy development as well as increased labour force participation and earnings for women. ILO
Convention No. 183 provides for 14 weeks of paid maternity benefits to those women for whom the instrument applies. While no ILO
standard exists specifically on paternity leave, paternity benefits permit working fathers to be more involved in the care of their
children and the sharing of household responsibilities. It is important to note, however, that even in countries with legal rights to
parental leave, not all workers will have access, such as those employed part-time or working in the informal economy.

Educational attainment

While primary education provides children with the foundation for a lifetime of learning, secondary education equips them with the
knowledge and skills needed to become economically empowered adults. Compared to girls with only a primary education, girls with
secondary education are less likely to marry as children and become pregnant as adolescents. And, while women with a primary
education earn only marginally more than women with no education, women with secondary education earn twice as much, on
average, than women who have not gone to school (see Wodon et al., ‘Missed Opportunities: The high cost of not educating girls’, The
Cost of Not Educating Girls Notes Series, The World Bank, Washington D.C., 2018).

Labour force participation and unemployment rates

Equal access to the labour market is critical for women’s economic empowerment. The labour force participation rate is calculated by
expressing the number of persons in the labour force during a given reference period as a percentage of the working-age population
(usually aged 15 years and older) in the same reference period. The unemployment rate conveys the percentage of persons (usually
aged 15 years and older) in the labour force who are unemployed. This reflects the inability of an economy to generate employment
for those who want to work but are not doing so, even though they are available for employment and actively seeking work.

THE STATE OF THE WORLD'S CHILDREN 2024 104

 Information on unemployment by sex highlights the greater difficulty, in many cases, that women have in entering the labour market,
which can be directly or indirectly linked to a country’s gender norms.

Mobile phone ownership

Mobile phone ownership provides individuals with access to information, financial services, employment opportunities and social
networks, and is an important asset for fostering women’s economic empowerment as recognized in SDG5. In SDG5.b.1, an individual
is considered to own a mobile phone if she/he has a mobile cellular phone device with at least one active SIM card for personal use.
Mobile cellular phones supplied by employers that can be used for personal reasons (to make personal calls, access the Internet, etc.)
are included. Individuals who have only an active SIM card(s) and not a mobile phone are excluded. Individuals who have a mobile
phone for personal use that is not registered under his/her name are also included. An active SIM card is a SIM card that has been
used in the last three months.

Financial inclusion

Measuring women’s access to financial services, such as savings, insurance, payments, credit and remittances, is essential to
understanding their economic empowerment. Access to financial services can also increase women’s bargaining power in the
household, with potential benefits for the well-being of children. As measured by SDG 8.10.2, having an account at a financial
institution includes respondents who report having an account at a bank; who have an account at another type of financial institution,
such as a credit union, microfinance institution, cooperative or the post office (if applicable); or who have a debit card in their own
name. It also includes respondents who report receiving wages, government transfers or payments for agricultural products into an
account at a financial institution in the past 12 months. In addition, it includes respondents who report having paid utility bills or
school fees from an account at a financial institution in the past 12 months or received wages or government transfers into a card in
the past 12 months. Users of mobile money accounts include respondents who report personally using GSM Association (GSMA)
Mobile Money for the Unbanked (MMU) services in the past 12 months to pay bills or to send or receive money. In addition, it includes
respondents who report receiving wages, government transfers or payments for agricultural products through a mobile phone in the
past 12 months.

Time use

This indicator measures discrepancies in how much time women and men spend on unpaid domestic and care work, which has
implications for their labour force participation and overall well-being. Data presented for this indicator are expressed as a proportion
of time in a day, with the proportion of time spent on unpaid domestic and care work calculated by dividing the daily average number
of hours spent on unpaid domestic and care work by 24 hours for the total relevant population. While own-use production work can
be differentiated based on whether goods or services are produced, the indicator only considers the own-use production work of
services or, in other words, the activities related to unpaid domestic services and unpaid caregiving services undertaken by
households for their own use. Examples include food preparation, dishwashing, cleaning and upkeep of the dwelling, laundry,
shopping, childcare and care of the sick, elderly or disabled household and family members, among others. Comparisons across
countries should be made with caution given that international comparability of time-use statistics is limited by a number of
methodological considerations.

THE STATE OF THE WORLD'S CHILDREN 2024 105

TABLE 17. WOMEN'S ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT
Educational
Labour force participation rate (%) Unemployment rate (%)
attainment (%)
Legal 2019–2023 (R) 2019–2023 (R)
2014–2023 (R) Mobile phone Financial
Social frame– Time use (%)
Institu– works on ownership (%) inclusion (%)
Maternity Paternity 2014–2023 (R)
tions and gender 2014–2023 (R) 2014–2022 (R)
leave leave
Gender equality in Upper
benefits benefits Male Female Male Female
Index employ– secondary
2024 2024
(SIGI) ment
2023 2018–2022
(R)
Countries Male Female Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total Male Female Male Female Male Female
and areas
Afghanistan - - No Yes 20 6 80 69 77 18 10 16 4 11 6 2 26 6 - - 15 5 - -
Albania 9 80 Yes Yes 56 46 64 70 68 50 64 53 10 13 12 9 12 11 - - 43 46 - -
Algeria - - Yes Yes 23 25 74 65 68 13 19 17 8 11 10 19 21 20 93 83 57 31 - -
Andorra - - - - 62 60 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Angola - - No Yes 30 15 85 73 78 85 68 75 3 26 16 2 28 16 78 80 36 22 - -
Anguilla - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Antigua and - 60 Yes No - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Barbuda
Argentina - 60 No Yes - 36 x 69 75 73 49 53 51 7 10 9 9 12 11 89 89 70 74 - -
Armenia 24 90 Yes Yes 95 95 79 74 76 70 55 61 6 9 8 6 12 9 76 77 59 52 - -
Australia 15 100 Yes Yes 83 81 67 74 72 60 64 63 4 4 4 3 4 4 - - 99 100 11 17
Austria 10 100 Yes Yes 87 77 66 67 67 58 56 57 3 7 5 3 6 5 - - 100 100 9 16
Azerbaijan 30 50 Yes No 93 91 66 72 70 60 65 63 3 5 4 4 7 6 85 83 55 39 - -
Bahamas - - No No - 82 x 79 83 82 68 71 70 8 11 9 12 14 13 - - - - - -
Bahrain - - No Yes 64 73 84 89 87 44 46 45 0 1 1 4 5 5 100 100 86 75 - -
Bangladesh 49 20 Yes No 38 29 81 82 82 39 31 36 3 4 3 6 9 7 72 55 63 43 - -
Barbados - 60 No No - 25 x 67 70 69 60 63 62 10 10 10 10 10 10 - - - - - -
Belarus - 70 Yes No 96 94 73 75 75 62 66 65 5 4 4 3 3 3 96 98 81 81 - -
Belgium 7 - Yes Yes 76 74 60 59 59 54 50 51 4 6 6 4 5 5 - - 99 99 10 16
Belize - 40 Yes No 41 46 83 79 81 43 58 50 3 6 4 9 10 10 - - 44 52 - -
Benin 34 - Yes Yes 11 3 81 73 77 79 69 74 1 3 2 1 3 1 - - 58 40 - -
Bhutan - - No Yes 42 42 71 74 72 60 52 57 2 3 2 2 9 4 86 88 39 28 6 15
Bolivia
(Plurinational 21 80 No Yes 54 48 94 81 85 82 69 73 1 4 3 1 5 3 - - 74 63 - -
State of)
Bosnia and 27 70 Yes Yes 83 63 64 60 62 41 44 42 12 16 14 19 18 19 - - 89 70 - -
Herzegovina
Botswana - - No No 46 44 78 75 76 63 67 65 13 15 14 20 21 21 - - 64 54 - -
Brazil 22 80 Yes Yes 52 56 66 74 73 35 55 53 5 7 7 8 10 10 87 89 87 81 5 12
British Virgin - - - - - 21 x - - - - - - - - - - - - 76 77 - - - -
Islands
Brunei - - No No 69 68 75 71 72 57 53 54 3 7 5 4 6 5 91 99 - - - -
Darussalam
Bulgaria 19 100 Yes Yes 81 68 55 65 62 40 54 50 7 3 4 8 3 4 - - 84 84 - -
Burkina Faso 25 - Yes Yes 10 3 49 65 54 39 47 42 4 6 5 4 9 6 - - 42 31 - -
Burundi - - No Yes 8 4 80 69 79 81 58 78 1 5 1 0 9 1 25 12 7 7 - -
Cabo Verde - 70 No Yes 20 20 61 71 67 40 60 53 9 14 13 8 13 12 73 71 - - - -
Cambodia 22 60 No No 16 8 88 83 86 77 69 74 0 1 0 0 1 0 72 71 34 33 - -
Cameroon 67 50 Yes Yes 19 10 78 72 74 63 53 58 0 4 2 1 7 4 - - 54 49 5 16
Canada 18 90 Yes Yes 89 90 66 69 69 57 60 60 9 10 10 8 10 9 - - 100 100 12 16
Central African
Republic 49 - Yes Yes 8 3 85 68 80 69 55 65 2 8 4 3 9 4 - - 18 10 - -

Chad 45 - Yes Yes 8 2 82 66 77 68 55 64 1 4 2 1 4 2 - - 25 23 - -

Chile 27 80 Yes Yes 67 66 66 72 71 40 54 52 6 9 9 9 9 9 87 97 88 87 - -
China 27 60 Yes Yes 34 30 85 70 76 68 56 61 4 6 5 3 5 4 - - 90 87 6 15
Colombia 24 80 Yes Yes 55 57 80 76 76 40 55 52 4 9 8 11 12 12 75 77 64 56 5 18
Comoros - - Yes No 27 19 64 63 64 48 46 47 3 6 4 4 8 5 - - 40 29 - -
Congo - - Yes No 27 14 78 67 71 77 61 68 3 14 9 3 17 10 - - 51 44 - -
Cook Islands - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Costa Rica 11 80 Yes No 39 42 73 68 70 40 45 44 6 8 7 11 10 10 86 86 76 61 8 22
Côte d'Ivoire 17 80 Yes Yes 16 8 85 68 75 69 53 59 0 4 2 1 4 3 66 61 64 37 - -
Croatia 17 100 Yes Yes 85 75 58 57 58 44 49 47 5 6 6 9 6 7 - - 94 90 - -
Cuba - - - - 55 56 63 68 66 39 42 41 1 2 2 1 2 2 - - - - 12 21
Cyprus - 90 Yes Yes 78 77 67 71 70 55 62 61 6 6 6 6 6 6 99 98 94 93 - -
Czechia 15 90 Yes Yes 94 88 67 69 68 51 53 52 2 2 2 3 3 3 99 99 96 93 - -
Democratic
People's - - - - 86 74 94 75 88 78 63 74 1 7 3 1 5 2 - - - - - -
Republic of
Korea
Democratic
Republic of the 47 - Yes Yes 36 16 73 54 67 70 40 60 0 6 2 0 4 1 - - 34 20 - -
Congo
Denmark 15 90 Yes Yes 76 77 65 69 68 55 62 60 4 5 5 4 6 5 82 83 100 100 - -
Djibouti - - Yes Yes 22 10 72 65 69 53 48 51 9 13 11 9 14 11 61 52 - - - -
Dominica - - No No - 10 x - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Dominican
Republic 15 90 Yes Yes 39 48 78 77 77 46 54 53 2 4 3 8 8 8 74 75 54 49 6 14

Ecuador 17 80 No Yes 46 45 83 75 77 61 50 53 1 4 3 2 6 4 60 60 71 58 - -
Egypt 55 - No No 57 47 71 66 69 13 18 15 3 7 5 13 24 19 99 96 31 24 - -
El Salvador 20 90 Yes Yes 38 34 81 76 78 40 54 49 2 3 3 3 4 3 81 78 45 29 7 20

106
TABLE 17. WOMEN'S ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT

Educational
Labour force participation rate (%) Unemployment rate (%)
attainment (%)
Legal 2019–2023 (R) 2019–2023 (R)
2014–2023 (R) Mobile phone Financial
Social frame– Time use (%)
Institu– works on ownership (%) inclusion (%)
Maternity Paternity 2014–2023 (R)
tions and gender 2014–2023 (R) 2014–2022 (R)
leave leave
Gender equality in Upper
benefits benefits Male Female Male Female
Index employ– secondary
2024 2024
(SIGI) ment
2023 2018–2022
(R)
Countries Male Female Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total Male Female Male Female Male Female
and areas
Equatorial - - No Yes - - 64 69 67 52 56 55 6 9 8 6 9 8 - - - - - -
Guinea
Eritrea - - No No - - 92 74 86 76 62 72 4 13 6 4 13 7 - - - - - -
Estonia 13 100 Yes Yes 84 88 69 73 72 60 63 62 5 7 6 6 7 7 - - 99 100 - -
Eswatini - - No No 15 15 47 65 53 41 59 47 36 27 33 36 36 35 - - 62 69 - -
Ethiopia 31 50 Yes Yes 6 3 80 76 79 59 53 58 1 8 3 2 14 5 - - 55 39 - -
Fiji - 80 Yes Yes 26 26 81 72 77 37 39 38 2 5 4 4 6 5 - - - - 5 15
Finland 12 100 Yes Yes 80 83 60 65 64 55 60 59 6 8 8 5 7 6 99 98 100 99 11 14
France 10 90 Yes Yes 77 72 60 60 60 55 52 53 5 8 7 5 8 7 96 94 98 100 - -
Gabon 32 - Yes Yes - - 59 64 62 12 45 43 12 15 14 27 28 28 - - 71 61 - -
Gambia 48 - Yes Yes 36 24 51 49 50 51 42 45 4 9 7 2 9 6 - - 38 28 - -
Georgia 28 90 Yes No 94 92 80 67 73 65 48 55 6 20 13 4 16 10 93 91 70 71 4 18
Germany 12 100 Yes Yes 83 78 66 67 67 58 56 56 2 4 3 2 3 3 - - 100 100 11 16
Ghana 38 60 No No 21 11 69 63 65 65 60 62 1 4 3 2 4 3 - - 74 63 - -
Greece 19 100 Yes Yes 71 67 58 60 60 40 46 45 8 9 8 14 14 14 - - 96 93 7 18
Grenada - 80 No No 47 53 - - - - - - - - - - - - 90 95 - - - -
Guatemala 26 60 No Yes 26 22 91 84 87 48 55 52 1 3 2 2 3 3 67 60 40 34 3 19
Guinea 34 50 Yes No 37 24 64 51 60 67 54 63 3 11 5 2 7 3 86 69 37 24 - -
Guinea-Bissau - - No No 26 12 81 58 70 73 44 60 1 7 3 0 5 2 - - - - - -
Guyana - - No No 34 36 69 62 67 40 50 43 12 12 12 17 16 17 - - - - - -
Haiti 46 70 No No 15 9 78 67 73 70 58 64 6 17 11 10 23 16 - - 35 30 - -
Holy See - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Honduras 26 60 No No 32 28 79 73 75 33 45 40 3 6 4 7 9 9 - - 49 29 - -
Hungary 15 90 Yes Yes 86 80 69 68 68 53 55 54 5 3 4 5 4 4 - - 90 87 - -
Iceland - 100 Yes Yes 80 79 77 80 79 69 71 70 4 4 4 3 3 3 - - 100 100 - -
India 43 40 Yes No 38 26 78 74 76 39 25 35 4 5 4 3 8 4 - - 78 78 - -
Indonesia 45 - No Yes 42 37 86 80 82 57 51 53 2 4 3 2 4 3 73 63 51 52 - -
Iran (Islamic 63 - Yes Yes 47 43 77 71 72 19 17 18 6 11 10 14 20 18 76 68 95 85 - -
Republic of)
Iraq 60 70 Yes No 29 17 66 69 68 8 12 11 12 15 14 20 31 28 73 58 22 15 - -
Ireland 14 90 Yes Yes 78 81 70 71 71 58 62 60 3 5 4 4 5 4 87 88 100 100 - -
Israel 32 70 Yes No 85 85 69 65 66 64 58 58 3 4 4 3 4 4 95 94 94 92 - -
Italy 9 100 Yes Yes 53 53 58 59 59 39 42 42 6 7 7 8 9 9 93 90 97 97 8 20
Jamaica 18 50 No No - - 73 72 72 57 63 61 2 2 2 5 3 4 96 97 75 72 - -
Japan 33 70 Yes Yes 86 84 69 73 72 52 54 54 2 3 3 2 3 2 94 93 98 99 4 15
Jordan 59 40 No Yes 44 41 58 61 61 15 14 14 19 16 16 31 27 27 - - 59 34 - -
Kazakhstan 21 60 Yes No 98 97 72 78 76 59 65 63 3 5 4 4 6 5 90 90 78 84 6 19
Kenya 33 90 No Yes 43 33 70 77 73 63 62 63 3 6 4 3 17 8 48 47 83 75 4 19
Kiribati - - No No 44 48 59 49 53 39 38 39 4 15 10 8 15 12 - - - - - -
Kuwait - - No No 27 39 85 89 88 48 50 50 1 1 1 5 7 6 99 98 83 73 - -
Kyrgyzstan 29 40 Yes No 66 64 75 74 75 49 41 44 4 6 6 7 10 9 - - 47 44 - -
Lao People's
Democratic 25 - Yes Yes 28 20 71 70 71 63 60 61 1 2 1 1 1 1 - - 37 38 10 14
Republic
Latvia 13 100 Yes Yes 88 89 65 70 68 54 57 56 8 7 8 6 5 5 - - 96 98 - -
Lebanon 57 50 No No 42 42 68 75 72 22 24 23 3 6 5 7 11 10 - - 25 17 - -
Lesotho 38 - No No 7 6 79 72 76 63 58 60 18 23 20 26 30 28 80 83 65 62 - -
Liberia 38 90 Yes No 35 17 89 73 80 83 63 72 1 6 4 1 4 2 - - 59 44 - -
Libya - - Yes No - 10 x 62 67 65 32 35 34 13 16 15 23 25 24 - - 71 60 - -
Liechtenstein - - - - - 63 x - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Lithuania 12 100 Yes Yes 92 92 65 71 68 54 62 58 9 6 7 8 5 6 96 96 97 90 - -
Luxembourg - 100 Yes Yes 79 75 62 69 66 57 59 58 4 6 5 6 5 5 - - 99 98 - -
Madagascar 41 40 Yes No 11 7 83 75 82 71 61 69 2 7 3 2 8 3 - - 27 25 - -
Malawi 32 70 No Yes 18 8 75 70 74 66 51 63 1 2 1 0 5 1 - - 48 38 - -
Malaysia 61 40 No Yes 70 69 83 82 82 45 58 56 2 5 3 3 6 4 99 97 89 88 - -
Maldives - - No Yes 29 28 83 86 85 41 42 42 5 8 6 4 7 5 - - 85 74 - -
Mali 53 - Yes Yes 8 3 81 67 78 44 37 42 1 5 2 1 11 3 - - 46 41 - -
Malta 19 90 Yes Yes 55 55 74 73 73 55 57 57 2 3 3 3 4 3 - - 98 95 - -
Marshall Islands - - No No 50 47 60 63 62 25 29 28 6 8 7 5 4 4 - - - - - -
Mauritania 67 - Yes Yes 9 3 63 63 63 26 30 28 6 12 10 8 15 12 - - 32 16 - -
Mauritius - 100 Yes Yes 56 46 67 73 71 43 46 45 3 5 4 7 11 9 85 81 92 89 - -
Mexico 22 80 No Yes 39 37 81 75 76 36 49 46 2 3 3 2 3 3 73 70 56 42 11 28
Micronesia
(Federated - - No No 63 59 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
States of)
Monaco - - - - 92 88 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mongolia 13 80 Yes No 76 82 77 64 69 65 47 53 4 7 6 3 5 4 94 95 98 99 8 19

107
TABLE 17. WOMEN'S ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT

Educational
Labour force participation rate (%) Unemployment rate (%)
attainment (%)
Legal 2019–2023 (R) 2019–2023 (R)
2014–2023 (R) Mobile phone Financial
Social frame– Time use (%)
Institu– works on ownership (%) inclusion (%)
Maternity Paternity 2014–2023 (R)
tions and gender 2014–2023 (R) 2014–2022 (R)
leave leave
Gender equality in Upper
benefits benefits Male Female Male Female
Index employ– secondary
2024 2024
(SIGI) ment
2023 2018–2022
(R)
Countries Male Female Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total Male Female Male Female Male Female
and areas
Montenegro 13 80 Yes No 65 55 59 62 61 40 50 46 21 16 17 27 15 18 - - 69 68 - -
Montserrat - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Morocco 49 70 Yes Yes - - 83 62 70 26 19 22 6 10 9 8 13 11 97 96 56 33 - -
Mozambique 19 70 No Yes 16 12 83 72 79 86 63 77 1 7 3 1 11 4 37 26 61 39 - -
Myanmar 47 - Yes Yes 65 59 79 73 78 46 45 46 1 1 1 2 2 2 68 57 50 46 - -
Namibia 28 70 No No 34 32 54 71 63 49 61 56 16 24 21 13 22 19 - - 74 69 - -
Nauru - - - - 30 33 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Nepal 31 70 Yes Yes 16 10 86 75 84 86 64 82 2 7 3 1 10 3 - - 59 50 - -
Netherlands
(Kingdom of the) 10 100 Yes Yes 76 72 71 73 73 62 64 64 2 3 3 3 4 4 86 82 100 99 - -

New Zealand 14 100 Yes No 76 75 80 75 75 70 65 65 3 4 4 4 5 4 - - 98 99 - -

Nicaragua 21 70 No Yes - - 91 80 85 37 58 50 2 8 5 5 5 5 - - 31 22 - -
Niger 60 - Yes Yes 4 2 92 70 87 80 44 73 0 2 1 0 2 0 77 55 13 10 - -
Nigeria 44 40 No No 72 60 90 82 86 79 79 77 1 4 2 4 7 5 49 32 55 35 - -
Niue - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
North 22 80 Yes Yes 77 64 68 64 65 43 44 44 14 18 17 16 16 16 - - 91 80 - -
Macedonia
Norway 7 100 Yes Yes 80 78 64 71 69 56 65 62 3 4 4 2 4 3 - - 99 100 - -
Oman - - No Yes 59 72 78 85 84 25 40 36 0 1 1 6 8 7 98 96 - - - -
Pakistan 60 50 Yes No 34 20 82 78 81 32 12 25 5 6 5 8 16 9 65 25 28 13 - -
Palau - - No No 85 90 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Panama 15 80 Yes Yes 49 53 80 72 74 47 52 50 3 6 5 5 10 9 - - 47 43 - -
Papua New - 30 No No 12 6 52 58 53 50 53 51 2 6 3 1 5 2 - - - - - -
Guinea
Paraguay 21 100 Yes Yes 44 47 86 81 83 54 62 59 3 6 5 6 8 7 - - 53 55 4 15
Peru 19 100 Yes Yes 62 52 92 78 81 83 62 65 1 5 4 6 1 4 86 83 62 53 - -
Philippines 50 100 Yes Yes 33 36 75 70 73 50 51 50 2 3 2 3 3 3 - - 56 47 - -
Poland 19 100 Yes Yes 90 87 68 65 66 52 52 52 3 3 3 3 3 3 - - 96 96 10 18
Portugal 10 100 Yes Yes 46 50 61 65 64 50 57 56 5 6 6 6 7 7 97 97 95 90 10 18
Qatar 60 - No No 45 75 92 96 95 53 58 57 0 0 0 0 1 0 100 100 - - 2 8
Republic of 20 70 Yes Yes 86 74 77 73 73 60 55 56 2 3 3 2 3 3 98 97 99 99 4 14
Korea
Republic of 11 100 Yes Yes 76 74 79 61 72 84 54 71 1 4 2 0 3 1 - - 66 63 - -
Moldova
Romania 16 100 Yes Yes 78 68 61 63 62 35 47 42 8 4 6 9 3 5 98 98 73 66 - -
Russian - - Yes No 92 92 67 72 71 50 58 56 4 2 3 5 3 3 99 99 89 90 8 18
Federation
Rwanda 19 90 No Yes 12 12 68 75 70 57 60 58 10 11 10 13 18 14 - - 56 45 - -
Saint Kitts and - - No No - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Nevis
Saint Lucia - - No No 39 44 72 79 76 65 71 69 12 15 14 15 18 17 - - - - - -
Saint Vincent
and the - - No No - - 73 80 77 54 59 57 19 21 20 15 18 17 - - - - - -
Grenadines
Samoa - - No Yes 36 43 54 61 56 29 41 31 7 10 7 10 10 10 - - - - - -
San Marino - - Yes Yes 59 58 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Sao Tome and - - Yes No - 32 x 78 71 74 43 40 42 7 11 9 18 23 21 - - - - - -
Principe
Saudi Arabia 59 - No Yes 64 59 76 79 78 22 22 22 2 3 3 24 23 23 100 100 82 63 - -
Senegal 40 - Yes Yes 11 5 70 64 67 38 39 38 1 4 2 2 5 3 - - 62 50 - -
Serbia 15 100 Yes Yes 80 71 67 63 66 52 50 52 7 11 8 7 11 9 95 96 89 90 9 19
Seychelles - 80 Yes Yes - 44 x - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Sierra Leone 48 - No Yes 19 7 51 63 58 48 63 58 11 3 5 6 3 4 - - 33 25 - -
Singapore 45 - Yes Yes 79 81 76 79 78 60 63 62 2 3 3 2 4 3 99 99 98 97 - -
Slovakia 14 90 Yes Yes 93 87 67 68 67 53 59 56 8 4 6 8 5 6 78 74 97 94 - -
Slovenia 18 90 Yes Yes 89 83 63 64 63 54 54 54 3 4 4 3 4 4 97 98 100 98 - -
Solomon Islands - 20 No No - - 90 81 86 86 78 82 0 1 1 0 1 1 - - - - - -
Somalia 51 - Yes No 16 4 79 63 74 24 19 22 10 18 16 16 27 24 - - 44 34 - -
South Africa 23 - Yes Yes 43 42 51 66 61 40 40 49 36 28 30 41 32 35 77 80 85 86 - -
South Sudan 38 80 No Yes - 11 x 79 63 74 75 61 71 8 20 11 9 24 13 - - 8 4 - -
Spain 9 100 Yes Yes 55 56 59 64 63 49 54 53 10 11 11 15 14 14 97 97 99 97 - -
Sri Lanka 53 - No No 63 65 71 68 70 33 33 32 4 4 4 6 7 6 - - 89 89 - -
State of
Palestine 51 30 No No 44 49 77 70 71 20 18 19 12 21 20 22 43 40 83 76 41 26 3 20

Sudan 65 0 No No - 1x 61 63 62 12 19 14 5 9 6 7 23 14 70 54 20 10 - -
Suriname - 80 Yes Yes 17 26 x 61 66 64 37 41 39 3 5 4 9 13 11 - - - - - -
Sweden 9 100 Yes Yes 83 85 67 72 71 60 66 64 7 8 7 7 8 8 - - 99 100 - -
Switzerland 10 100 Yes No 87 81 74 73 73 64 62 63 2 4 4 3 5 4 98 98 100 99 11 17

108
TABLE 17. WOMEN'S ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT

Educational
Labour force participation rate (%) Unemployment rate (%)
attainment (%)
Legal 2019–2023 (R) 2019–2023 (R)
2014–2023 (R) Mobile phone Financial
Social frame– Time use (%)
Institu– works on ownership (%) inclusion (%)
Maternity Paternity 2014–2023 (R)
tions and gender 2014–2023 (R) 2014–2022 (R)
leave leave
Gender equality in Upper
benefits benefits Male Female Male Female
Index employ– secondary
2024 2024
(SIGI) ment
2023 2018–2022
(R)
Countries Male Female Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total Male Female Male Female Male Female
and areas
Syrian Arab - - Yes No - 19 x 78 71 74 15 14 15 4 8 6 17 24 20 - - - - - -
Republic
Tajikistan 40 - Yes No 85 76 46 52 50 27 30 29 5 9 8 3 6 5 - - 40 39 - -
Thailand 34 60 No No 40 39 77 76 77 59 62 61 1 1 1 1 1 1 89 88 99 93 - -
Timor-Leste - - No Yes 45 38 54 49 52 44 34 41 1 3 2 1 3 2 - - - - - -
Togo 37 - Yes Yes 20 6 77 68 73 73 64 69 1 3 2 1 4 2 49 39 55 44 - -
Tokelau - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Tonga - - No No 67 70 70 71 70 50 52 51 3 3 2 4 4 3 - - - - - -
Trinidad and
Tobago 25 80 Yes No 56 54 68 72 71 48 51 50 3 4 4 3 4 4 - - 88 74 - -

Tunisia 47 40 No Yes 34 30 68 63 65 22 29 27 15 12 13 25 19 20 83 77 45 29 - -
Türkiye 24 90 Yes Yes 45 34 68 75 72 33 35 34 10 14 12 14 18 16 98 94 85 63 4 19
Turkmenistan - - - - 34 25 68 74 72 42 46 44 3 6 5 1 3 2 - - 46 36 - -
Turks and Caicos - - - - 75 75 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Islands
Tuvalu - - - - 38 40 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Uganda 27 80 No Yes 46 32 86 80 84 78 68 75 2 6 3 2 10 4 - - 67 65 8 15
Ukraine 16 50 Yes Yes - 71 x 61 64 63 45 49 48 10 9 10 11 10 10 90 91 87 81 - -
United Arab - 80 No Yes 76 72 90 95 93 51 53 52 1 2 1 5 7 6 100 100 85 87 - -
Emirates
United Kingdom 12 100 Yes Yes 80 81 65 69 68 55 59 58 3 4 4 2 4 4 - - - - - -
United Republic 50 80 No Yes 6 2 87 80 85 80 68 76 1 4 2 2 9 4 - - 59 46 - -
of Tanzania
United States 19 80 No Yes 95 95 62 69 68 52 58 57 4 4 4 3 3 3 - - 93 97 10 15
Uruguay 19 90 Yes Yes 31 38 79 71 71 56 57 57 2 8 8 6 12 11 82 84 72 76 8 20
Uzbekistan - 60 Yes No 98 96 73 73 73 40 40 40 4 4 4 7 8 8 84 74 50 39 - -
Vanuatu - - No No 21 18 45 57 48 36 44 38 3 7 4 3 7 4 - - - - - -
Venezuela
(Bolivarian 17 - Yes Yes 55 61 75 75 75 42 42 42 4 7 7 6 8 8 - - 89 80 - -
Republic of)
Viet Nam 25 100 Yes Yes 46 38 81 70 77 72 62 68 1 3 2 1 2 2 78 77 60 53 - -
Yemen - - No No - 8 70 72 71 5 8 6 12 10 12 24 28 25 - - 18 5 - -
Zambia 31 - Yes No 47 30 68 63 65 62 46 54 2 10 6 2 13 6 44 45 52 45 - -
Zimbabwe 19 70 Yes No 68 61 75 73 74 67 54 62 5 16 9 4 21 10 46 48 66 54 - -

SUMMARY

East Asia and - - - - 38 34 83 72 77 64 56 60 4 5 4 3 4 3 79 73 81 78 - -

Pacific
Europe and - - - - 77 74 65 68 67 49 52 51 5 6 6 6 7 7 95 93 89 85 - -
Central Asia
Eastern Europe
and Central Asia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Western - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Europe
Latin America
and the - - - - 46 46 75 75 75 43 53 52 4 6 6 6 8 8 81 81 71 63 - -
Caribbean
Middle East and - - - - 47 41 74 70 71 17 19 18 7 9 8 16 22 20 90 84 71 40 - -
North Africa
North America - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
South Asia - - - - 37 25 79 75 77 39 24 34 4 5 4 4 9 5 68 38 69 65 - -
Sub-Saharan - - - - 33 23 78 71 76 65 57 62 4 8 5 5 12 7 56 45 55 42 - -
Africa
Eastern and - - - - 24 18 76 73 75 61 54 60 6 11 8 7 17 10 56 52 61 51 - -
Southern Africa
West and
Central Africa - - - - 42 28 80 70 76 69 60 65 1 5 3 2 6 4 55 39 71 34 - -

Least developed - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
countries
World - - - - 46 40 77 72 75 51 46 49 4 6 5 5 8 6 81 75 73 68 - -

For a complete list of countries and areas in the regions, subregions and country categories, see page on Regional Classifications or visit <https://data.unicef.org/regionalclassifications>.
It is not advisable to compare data from consecutive editions of The State of the World’s Children report.

109
TABLE 17. WOMEN'S ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT

NOTES Maternity leave benfits – Whether the law provides for 14 MAIN DATA SOURCES
- Data not available. weeks or more of paid maternity leave in accordance with the Social Institutions and Gender Equality Index (SIGI) –
x Data refer to years or periods other than those specified in International Labour Organization standards. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
the column heading. Such data are not included in the Paternity leave benefits – Whether the law provides for paid (OECD).
calculation of regional and global averages. Estimates from paternity leave (of any length). Legal frameworks that promote, enforce and monitor
data years prior to 2000 are not displayed. Educational attainment – Percentage of the population aged gender equality in employment and economic benefits –
R Data refer to the most recent year available during the period 25 years and older that completed at least upper secondary UN Women, World Bank Group, OECD Development Centre.
specified in the column heading. education (ISCED 3). Last update: September 2024.
Labour force participation rate – The proportion of a Maternity leave benefits – World Bank Women Business and
country’s working-age population that engages actively in the the Law. Last update: March 2024.
DEFINITIONS OF THE INDICATORS labour market, either by working or looking for work. Paternity leave benefits – World Bank Women Business and
Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI) – Level of Unemployment rate – The percentage of persons in the the Law. Last update: March 2024.
gender discrimination in social institutions defined as labour force who are unemployed. Educational attainment – UNESCO Institute for Statistics
discrimination in the family, restricted physical integrity, Mobile phone ownership – Proportion of individuals who own (UIS). Last update: September 2024.
restricted access to reproductive and financial resources, and a mobile telephone. Labour force participation rate – International Labour
restricted liberties. 0 = no discrimiantion; 100 = absolute Financial inclusion – The percentage of adults (ages 15+) who Organization (ILO). Last update: June 2024.
discrimination. report having an account (by themselves or together with Unemployment rate – International Labour Organization
Legal frameworks that promote, enforce and monitor someone else) at a bank or another type of financial institution (ILO). Last update: June 2024.
gender equality in employment and economic benefits – or personally using a mobile money service in the past 12 Mobile phone ownership – Global SDG Indicators Database,
Measures as a percentage of achivement from 0 to 100 with months. 2022. Last update: September 2024.
100 being best practice, government efforts to put in place Time use – Proportion of time spent on unpaid domestic and Financial inclusion – Global SDG Indicators Database, 2022.
legal frameworks that promote, enforce and monitor gender care work among individuals aged 15 years and older. Last update: September 2024.
equality in the area of employment and economic benefits. Time use – Global SDG Indicators Database, 2022. Last
update: September 2024.

110
 TABLE 18. MIGRATION

This table was added in 2021 due to the significance of migration and displacement for children’s well-being and the attention they
have received recently. This attention culminated in the Global Compact for Migration and the Global Compact on Refugees, both
endorsed by the United Nations General Assembly in 2018.

The data on international migration are based on the International Migrant Stock 2020, published by the UN Population Division. The
data provide the number of persons residing outside of their country of birth (for some countries, citizenship was used instead of
country of birth, depending on data availability) at mid-year of the reference year. Refugees and asylum seekers are included in this
population. The number of children under 18 years of age is estimated based on the five-age year groups of migrant stock published
by the UN Population Division. For more details on the definition and methods for estimating the international migrant stock, see the
UN Population Division’s publication, International Migrant Stock 2020.

The data on refugees (including both refugees and persons living in refugee-like situations) and asylum seekers are based on the
Refugee Population Statistics Database of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) (see: <www.
unhcr.org/refugee-statistics/>). The term ‘refugee’ is defined in the 1951 Convention amended by the 1967 Protocol. These numbers
are stock numbers and refer to the end of the reference year. Data for refugee children are estimated jointly with UNCHR and
account for the lack of complete age coverage in many countries. Values for countries with high uncertainties around the point
estimate are not shown but are included in the regional age-related aggregates.

Data on internally displaced persons are based on the Global Internal Displacement Database (GIDD) maintained by the Internal
Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC). They refer to the number of internally displaced persons (IDPs) at the end of the reference
year and the number of new internal displacements during the reference year (see: <https://www.internal-
displacement.org/database>). The IDP numbers are stock data counting the number of persons living in internal displacement. The
number of new displacements refers to the aggregate number of independent displacement events during the year; it can also
include subsequent displacements of the same persons (during distinct events). For this reason, the number of ‘new’ displacements
cannot be equated with the number of persons displaced. Due to the lack of age-disaggregated data, the number of IDP children and
of new displacements of children are estimated using the age structure of the national population. This makes the implicit
assumption that internal displacement happens randomly in terms of age and sex. Contrary to this, case studies have shown that
women and children tend to be over-represented in the displaced population. As a consequence, the presented child-related data on
internal displacement are likely to be an underestimation. Considering these issues, the age-disaggregated data on internal
displacement are rounded to the second significant figure. Unrounded numbers are used to calculate regional aggregates.

THE STATE OF THE WORLD'S CHILDREN 2024 111

TABLE 18. MIGRATION

Refugees by origin
International migrant stock Refugees by asylum country Internally displaced persons (IDPs) New internal displacements
country
2020 2023 2023 2023
2023

Share Share
Total as
Per 1 due to Share due to Share
share of
Total Under 18 Per 1,000 US$ Under 18 conflict due to Under 18 conflict due to
national Total Under 18 Total Under 18 Total (T) Total (T)
(thousands) (thousands) population GNI per (Ru) and disaster (Ru) and disaster
Countries population
capita violence (%) (Sd) violence (%) (Sd)
and areas (%)
(%) (Sd) (%) (Sd)

Afghanistan 144 54 <1 34,826 19,600 <1 <1 6,403,144 3,140,000 5,688,998 2,830,000 74 26 418,248 208,000 0 100
Albania 49 24 2 5,079 1,400 2 2 21,919 6,400 - - - - 13 3 0 100
Algeria 250 34 <1 98,590 34,000 2 2 7,629 1,800 3,880 1,400 0 100 22,640 8,000 0 100
Andorra 46 3 59 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Angola 656 128 2 25,174 13,200 <1 <1 11,506 3,200 25,589 13,100 0 100 79,484 40,800 0 100
Anguilla 6 1 38 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Antigua and 29 2 30 - - - - 67 19 - - - - 300 66 0 100
Barbuda
Argentina 2,282 346 5 219,645 33,300 5 5 300 90 14 4 0 100 9,830 2,700 0 100
Armenia 190 13 6 150,080 7,500 51 51 15,072 3,200 7,600 1,800 100 0 0 0 - -
Australia 7,686 633 30 34,502 8,700 1 1 29 12 1,340 290 0 100 4,686 1,000 0 100
Austria 1,738 139 19 257,811 109,000 28 28 23 7 4 0 0 100 671 120 0 100
Azerbaijan 252 28 2 5,771 1,800 <1 <1 158,098 8,600 657,749 179,000 100 0 6,762 1,800 75 25
Bahamas 64 7 16 - - - - 1,067 270 - - - - - - - -
Bahrain 936 59 55 254 52 <1 <1 304 94 - - - - - - - -
Bangladesh 2,115 589 1 971,984 496,000 6 6 24,126 6,200 481,721 149,000 88 12 1,790,885 552,000 0 100
Barbados 35 3 12 5 0 <1 <1 298 76 - - - - 29 6 0 100
Belarus 1,067 46 11 39,981 10,300 4 4 15,071 4,500 - - - - 48 10 0 100
Belgium 2,005 197 17 167,831 44,600 14 14 53 14 - - - - 104 21 0 100
Belize 62 5 16 214 49 <1 <1 72 40 - - - - - - - -
Benin 394 88 3 2,825 1,100 <1 <1 905 290 8,785 4,300 100 0 6,502 3,200 100 0
Bhutan 54 4 7 - - - - 6,676 1,800 - - - - - - - -
Bolivia
(Plurinational 164 62 1 17,220 3,100 1 1 468 110 798 290 0 100 3,840 1,400 0 100
State of)
Bosnia and 36 5 1 348 99 <1 <1 19,318 4,400 91,223 16,200 100 0 125 22 0 100
Herzegovina
Botswana 110 16 5 761 340 <1 <1 150 36 99 38 0 100 99 37 0 100
Brazil 1,080 244 <1 598,846 159,000 3 3 3,798 1,600 31,399 7,600 50 50 760,916 183,000 2 98
British Virgin 22 3 73 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Islands
Brunei 112 8 26 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Darussalam
Bulgaria 184 66 3 97,618 29,400 14 14 393 74 - - - - 252 43 0 100
Burkina Faso 724 139 3 37,735 22,900 2 2 54,869 27,900 2,062,534 1,030,000 100 0 731,427 367,000 97 3
Burundi 345 102 3 85,229 46,200 6 6 319,857 161,000 73,878 38,400 11 89 20,876 10,900 1 99
Cabo Verde 16 1 3 - - - - 19 7 - - - - - - - -
Cambodia 79 7 <1 24 3 <1 <1 11,624 2,200 5,150 1,700 0 100 46,453 15,700 0 100
Cameroon 579 207 2 485,285 266,000 17 17 110,715 55,300 1,074,863 521,000 97 3 166,972 81,000 98 2
Canada 8,049 633 21 169,448 41,300 4 4 223 80 697 130 0 100 192,348 35,700 0 100
Central African
Republic 89 21 2 32,913 20,000 6 6 759,187 402,000 511,803 283,000 100 0 284,434 157,000 75 25

Chad 547 144 3 1,100,921 587,000 57 57 10,196 3,700 538,193 291,000 84 16 133,996 72,500 88 12
Chile 1,645 201 9 438,066 76,400 22 22 1,901 910 5,034 1,100 0 100 44,000 9,600 0 100
China 1,040 210 <1 296 110 <1 <1 160,565 38,500 639,183 129,000 0 100 4,702,167 945,000 0 100
Colombia 1,905 692 4 2,852,542 782,000 55 55 115,513 35,100 5,077,150 1,290,000 100 0 643,844 163,000 46 54
Comoros 12 2 1 10 3 <1 <1 2,194 600 - - - - - - - -
Congo 388 88 7 60,637 26,900 10 10 13,820 3,000 4,742 2,200 0 100 158,533 74,600 0 100
Cook Islands 5 1 26 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Costa Rica 521 78 10 41,870 6,200 8 8 207 100 - - - - 293 70 0 100
Côte d'Ivoire 2,565 276 10 2,370 810 <1 <1 25,994 7,500 0 0 - - 1,208 580 0 100
Croatia 528 7 13 25,029 8,500 6 6 17,579 5,100 - - - - 86 15 0 100
Cuba 3 0 <1 136 15 <1 <1 18,560 2,400 287 54 0 100 42,203 7,800 0 100
Cyprus 190 19 16 39,044 12,100 29 29 5 3 248,325 46,700 100 0 57 11 0 100
Czechia 541 29 5 377,120 96,800 35 35 637 42 0 0 - - 64 12 0 100
Democratic
People's 50 5 <1 - - - - 239 43 - - - - - - - -
Republic of
Korea
Democratic
Republic of the 953 166 1 523,392 298,000 5 5 978,209 511,000 6,881,459 3,650,000 98 2 3,905,178 2,070,000 97 3
Congo
Denmark 718 69 12 68,912 15,900 12 12 - - 0 0 - - 525 100 0 100
Djibouti 120 22 12 23,063 9,900 20 20 1,840 560 - - - - - - - -
Dominica 8 2 12 - - - - 73 22 - - - - - - - -
Dominican 604 77 6 122,619 29,000 11 11 886 230 390 120 0 100 41,488 13,200 0 100
Republic
Ecuador 785 305 4 532,340 143,000 30 30 4,244 1,200 4,944 1,500 0 100 16,136 4,900 0 100
Egypt 544 91 <1 240,507 89,500 2 2 23,160 6,800 - - - - 8 3 0 100

112
TABLE 18. MIGRATION

Refugees by origin
International migrant stock Refugees by asylum country Internally displaced persons (IDPs) New internal displacements
country
2020 2023 2023 2023
2023

Share Share
Total as
Per 1 due to Share due to Share
share of
Total Under 18 Per 1,000 US$ Under 18 conflict due to Under 18 conflict due to
national Total Under 18 Total Under 18 Total (T) Total (T)
(thousands) (thousands) population GNI per (Ru) and disaster (Ru) and disaster
Countries population
capita violence (%) (Sd) violence (%) (Sd)
and areas (%)
(%) (Sd) (%) (Sd)

El Salvador 43 6 <1 106 32 <1 <1 68,633 17,700 48,633 14,600 100 0 71,276 21,400 93 7
Equatorial
Guinea 231 4 16 - - - - 389 97 - - - - - - - -

Eritrea 14 3 <1 119 67 <1 <1 559,853 177,000 - - - - - - - -

Estonia 199 8 15 42,005 11,300 31 31 60 15 - - - - - - - -
Eswatini 33 7 3 1,202 390 <1 <1 128 31 - - - - - - - -
Ethiopia 1,086 465 <1 979,846 551,000 8 8 158,344 51,100 3,733,082 1,710,000 76 24 1,412,173 648,000 56 44
Fiji 14 3 2 15 1 <1 <1 207 56 350 120 0 100 6,731 2,300 0 100
Finland 386 45 7 89,869 24,200 16 16 - - - - - - 2 0 0 100
France 8,525 695 13 664,366 167,000 10 10 50 22 23 5 0 100 7,934 1,600 0 100
Gabon 417 103 19 204 40 <1 <1 866 260 820 340 0 100 900 380 0 100
Gambia 216 47 9 3,809 1,600 1 1 8,107 2,400 5,654 2,800 100 0 5,286 2,600 0 100
Georgia 79 15 2 26,019 6,500 7 7 14,695 3,400 350,244 87,800 89 11 846 210 0 100
Germany 15,762 1,151 19 2,593,007 811,000 31 31 209 52 100 17 0 100 3,336 560 0 100
Ghana 476 95 2 7,057 1,700 <1 <1 13,870 4,700 43,170 18,400 9 91 47,555 20,300 1 99
Greece 1,340 98 13 192,384 71,000 19 19 102 23 - - - - 91,432 15,200 0 100
Grenada 7 0 6 - - - - 70 21 - - - - - - - -
Guatemala 84 13 <1 989 250 <1 <1 34,010 9,800 242,386 91,600 100 0 48,083 18,200 1 99
Guinea 121 31 <1 2,191 590 <1 <1 38,585 11,400 2,581 1,200 0 100 34,861 16,600 0 100
Guinea-Bissau 18 6 <1 24 11 <1 <1 1,859 420 - - - - - - - -
Guyana 31 4 4 21,695 5,500 26 26 248 64 30 10 0 100 40 13 0 100
Haiti 19 5 <1 - - - - 122,139 21,200 313,211 118,000 99 1 254,800 95,800 96 4
Holy See 1 0 100 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Honduras 39 13 <1 182 40 <1 <1 84,363 26,100 100,637 35,600 100 0 10,855 3,800 47 53
Hungary 585 74 6 63,180 22,300 7 7 2,147 420 - - - - 66 12 0 100
Iceland 65 8 19 8,715 2,300 22 22 - - 3,401 750 0 100 4,616 1,000 0 100
India 4,879 307 <1 252,867 79,100 <1 <1 25,319 6,100 703,309 210,000 87 13 595,140 178,000 11 89
Indonesia 356 48 <1 8,450 2,200 <1 <1 11,756 4,700 64,371 19,100 86 14 240,632 71,500 1 99
Iran (Islamic 2,797 1,171 3 3,764,517 1,910,000 42 42 151,757 34,700 25 7 0 100 123,544 33,700 0 100
Republic of)
Iraq 366 104 <1 286,480 124,000 6 6 329,032 104,000 1,259,161 547,000 89 11 57,630 25,000 37 63
Ireland 871 153 18 113,902 30,900 22 22 - - - - - - 17 4 0 100
Israel 1,954 83 23 1,235 400 <1 <1 855 250 200,000 65,300 100 0 202,778 66,200 100 0
Italy 6,387 415 11 298,296 83,800 5 5 124 57 5 0 0 100 42,236 6,300 0 100
Jamaica 24 7 <1 - - - - 2,128 500 - - - - - - - -
Japan 2,771 271 2 22,335 6,500 <1 <1 48 26 29,733 4,200 0 100 8,573 1,200 0 100
Jordan 3,458 1,580 34 684,066 329,000 60 60 3,978 1,000 - - - - 335 130 0 100
Kazakhstan 3,732 361 20 42,685 12,300 2 2 3,795 970 115 40 100 0 1,749 600 0 100
Kenya 1,050 297 2 538,899 275,000 10 10 8,004 2,900 171,125 75,400 24 76 648,783 286,000 1 99
Kiribati 3 1 3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Kuwait 3,110 591 73 572 160 <1 <1 2,276 640 - - - - - - - -
Kyrgyzstan 199 11 3 27,790 7,900 4 4 3,324 960 4,003 1,600 100 0 39 15 0 100
Lao People's
Democratic 49 6 <1 - - - - 6,551 870 1,066 380 0 100 1,066 380 0 100
Republic
Latvia 239 10 13 45,761 12,300 24 24 138 36 - - - - - - - -
Lebanon 1,713 515 25 788,472 426,000 137 137 7,392 2,100 74,471 24,500 100 0 139,650 45,900 100 0
Lesotho 12 2 <1 319 100 <1 <1 12 4 - - - - - - - -
Liberia 88 14 2 1,164 470 <1 <1 4,838 1,400 168 79 0 100 14,084 6,600 0 100
Libya 827 161 12 1,837 850 <1 <1 17,958 5,600 119,275 39,600 100 0 54,418 18,100 3 97
Liechtenstein 26 4 68 597 160 15 15 - - - - - - - - - -
Lithuania 145 17 5 80,225 21,500 28 28 63 15 - - - - - - - -
Luxembourg 298 27 48 13,735 3,700 21 21 5 0 - - - - - - - -
Madagascar 36 6 <1 49 17 <1 <1 558 140 2,807 1,300 100 0 117,456 53,000 0 100
Malawi 191 42 1 35,201 18,800 2 2 531 140 25,718 12,700 0 100 660,018 325,000 0 100
Malaysia 3,477 426 11 135,872 42,200 4 4 999 270 9,777 2,600 0 100 205,623 55,200 0 100
Maldives 70 4 13 - - - - 70 19 54 14 0 100 54 14 0 100
Mali 486 87 2 66,443 33,500 3 3 249,046 131,000 352,078 190,000 98 2 153,151 82,500 99 1
Malta 115 8 26 11,724 3,600 22 22 - - - - - - - - - -
Marshall Islands 3 1 6 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mauritania 182 73 4 112,549 61,700 22 22 37,532 15,100 - - - - 1,101 530 0 100
Mauritius 29 2 2 5 0 <1 <1 245 69 73 14 0 100 2,347 460 0 100
Mexico 1,198 684 <1 198,537 44,500 2 2 21,869 6,700 391,550 113,000 100 0 206,905 59,600 5 95
Micronesia
(Federated 3 1 2 - - - - - - - - - - 5 2 0 100
States of)

113
TABLE 18. MIGRATION

Refugees by origin
International migrant stock Refugees by asylum country Internally displaced persons (IDPs) New internal displacements
country
2020 2023 2023 2023
2023

Share Share
Total as
Per 1 due to Share due to Share
share of
Total Under 18 Per 1,000 US$ Under 18 conflict due to Under 18 conflict due to
national Total Under 18 Total Under 18 Total (T) Total (T)
(thousands) (thousands) population GNI per (Ru) and disaster (Ru) and disaster
Countries population
capita violence (%) (Sd) violence (%) (Sd)
and areas (%)
(%) (Sd) (%) (Sd)

Monaco 27 2 68 17 6 <1 <1 - - - - - - - - - -

Mongolia 21 4 <1 10 0 <1 <1 2,393 820 1,101 410 0 100 3,855 1,400 0 100
Montenegro 71 4 11 64,733 17,900 102 102 631 140 - - - - 1 0 0 100
Montserrat 1 0 28 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Morocco 102 20 <1 8,295 2,800 <1 <1 8,827 2,600 145,695 45,300 0 100 146,008 45,400 0 100
Mozambique 339 81 1 5,152 1,600 <1 <1 117 29 706,865 352,000 84 16 696,031 347,000 6 94
Myanmar 76 13 <1 - - - - 1,283,426 613,000 2,860,034 835,000 92 8 2,292,955 669,000 57 43
Namibia 109 12 4 5,157 2,500 2 2 447 120 622 260 0 100 652 270 0 100
Nauru 2 0 20 - - - - 7 2 - - - - - - - -
Nepal 488 34 2 19,582 5,600 <1 <1 7,229 1,800 43,349 14,800 0 100 110,349 37,700 0 100
Netherlands 2,358 190 14 237,767 52,100 13 13 67 40 - - - - - - - -
(Kingdom of the)
New Zealand 1,382 157 29 1,837 490 <1 <1 39 10 2,313 510 0 100 13,584 3,000 0 100
Nicaragua 42 9 <1 311 80 <1 <1 25,483 3,800 1,283 450 100 0 941 330 30 70
Niger 348 102 1 269,996 157,000 10 10 24,794 13,900 378,264 210,000 92 8 275,600 153,000 66 34
Nigeria 1,309 363 <1 69,940 36,300 <1 <1 410,308 229,000 3,420,914 1,690,000 98 2 456,710 226,000 64 36
Niue 1 0 36 - - - - 6 2 - - - - - - - -
North 131 19 6 18,898 5,100 10 10 1,938 530 108 20 100 0 0 0 - -
Macedonia
Norway 852 97 16 103,606 24,500 19 19 17 7 - - - - 5,839 1,200 0 100
Oman 2,373 279 46 300 66 <1 <1 95 31 - - - - 4,471 1,400 0 100
Pakistan 3,277 192 1 1,988,231 1,030,000 8 8 94,481 36,300 1,238,468 525,000 2 98 734,624 311,000 0 100
Palau 5 0 28 - - - - 5 0 - - - - - - - -
Panama 313 75 7 60,082 9,500 13 13 233 120 - - - - 26 8 0 100
Papua New 31 10 <1 10,523 4,300 1 1 452 120 94,631 37,700 92 8 15,511 6,200 13 87
Guinea
Paraguay 170 27 2 5,991 1,200 <1 <1 155 43 0 0 - - 16,211 5,500 0 100
Peru 1,225 405 4 1,050,334 335,000 31 31 4,724 890 74,660 23,000 100 0 187,989 57,800 0 100
Philippines 226 61 <1 934 120 <1 <1 645 190 404,868 144,000 28 72 2,754,312 979,000 6 94
Poland 817 177 2 971,478 354,000 25 25 932 61 - - - - - - - -
Portugal 1,002 63 10 62,807 18,200 6 6 45 15 0 0 - - 1,738 280 0 100
Qatar 2,226 324 77 197 55 <1 <1 58 17 - - - - - - - -
Republic of 1,728 216 3 4,053 1,100 <1 <1 107 18 6,004 820 0 100 39,897 5,500 0 100
Korea
Republic of 104 14 3 120,947 43,900 39 39 5,343 1,000 - - - - - - - -
Moldova
Romania 705 302 4 87,487 27,700 5 5 1,825 340 - - - - 51 10 0 100
Russian 11,637 620 8 1,230,131 449,000 8 8 86,135 24,100 61,297 12,800 98 2 74,868 15,600 80 20
Federation
Rwanda 514 161 4 115,643 52,400 8 8 249,955 138,000 23,993 10,700 0 100 69,694 31,100 0 100
Saint Kitts and 8 2 15 19 1 <1 <1 21 7 - - - - - - - -
Nevis
Saint Lucia 8 2 5 - - - - 117 32 - - - - - - - -
Saint Vincent
and the 5 1 4 - - - - 157 42 - - - - 150 39 0 100
Grenadines
Samoa 4 2 2 - - - - 16 4 - - - - 14 6 0 100
San Marino 6 1 16 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Sao Tome and
Principe 2 0 <1 - - - - 11 2 - - - - - - - -

Saudi Arabia 13,455 2,329 39 477 180 <1 <1 2,090 570 - - - - - - - -
Senegal 275 76 2 11,856 5,300 <1 <1 11,924 3,900 8,406 4,000 100 0 0 0 - -
Serbia 823 19 9 29,365 8,600 4 4 29,807 3,200 194,171 33,700 100 0 401 70 0 100
Seychelles 13 1 13 - - - - 10 3 - - - - - - - -
Sierra Leone 54 10 <1 - - - - 7,445 2,100 3,000 1,400 100 0 0 0 - -
Singapore 2,524 186 43 - - - - 37 17 - - - - - - - -
Slovakia 197 31 4 126,866 46,400 23 23 628 97 - - - - 86 16 0 100
Slovenia 278 18 13 10,525 2,800 5 5 7 0 10 2 0 100 8,151 1,500 0 100
Solomon Islands 3 0 <1 - - - - 36 10 1,638 740 61 39 638 290 0 100
Somalia 59 20 <1 17,770 6,500 <1 <1 842,044 396,000 3,861,643 2,070,000 100 0 2,716,460 1,460,000 25 75
South Africa 2,860 275 5 67,145 9,200 1 1 919 310 6,605 2,200 9 91 20,932 7,000 3 97
South Sudan 882 272 8 381,236 216,000 33 33 2,292,482 1,340,000 1,683,677 845,000 67 33 449,885 226,000 63 37
Spain 6,842 547 15 385,701 106,000 8 8 56 29 - - - - 24,334 4,000 0 100
Sri Lanka 40 13 <1 377 120 <1 <1 145,319 31,300 13,572 3,700 90 10 16,551 4,500 0 100
State of 273 31 5 - - - - 41,077 12,400 1,709,906 762,000 100 0 3,438,318 1,530,000 100 0
Palestine
Sudan 1,379 600 3 922,474 448,000 18 18 1,496,923 790,000 9,052,822 4,250,000 100 0 6,097,160 2,860,000 99 1
Suriname 48 12 8 24 3 <1 <1 42 10 - - - - - - - -

114
TABLE 18. MIGRATION

Refugees by origin
International migrant stock Refugees by asylum country Internally displaced persons (IDPs) New internal displacements
country
2020 2023 2023 2023
2023

Share Share
Total as
Per 1 due to Share due to Share
share of
Total Under 18 Per 1,000 US$ Under 18 conflict due to Under 18 conflict due to
national Total Under 18 Total Under 18 Total (T) Total (T)
(thousands) (thousands) population GNI per (Ru) and disaster (Ru) and disaster
Countries population
capita violence (%) (Sd) violence (%) (Sd)
and areas (%)
(%) (Sd) (%) (Sd)

Sweden 2,004 234 20 237,632 62,500 23 23 23 16 - - - - - - - -

Switzerland 2,491 171 29 192,507 55,900 22 22 - - 79 15 0 100 412 74 0 100
Syrian Arab 869 151 5 12,011 4,600 <1 <1 6,355,788 2,880,000 7,248,188 2,650,000 100 0 876,625 320,000 20 80
Republic
Tajikistan 276 17 3 10,092 3,300 <1 <1 3,720 1,300 24 10 0 100 5,062 2,100 0 100
Thailand 3,632 500 5 87,314 34,200 1 1 222 42 41,123 7,600 100 0 2,761 510 0 100
Timor-Leste 8 2 <1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Togo 280 100 3 28,240 15,400 3 3 7,955 1,800 18,429 8,500 100 0 12,421 5,700 100 0
Tokelau 1 1 92 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Tonga 4 1 4 - - - - 41 10 - - - - - - - -
Trinidad and
Tobago 79 19 6 11,111 2,500 7 7 351 91 - - - - - - - -

Tunisia 60 11 <1 3,994 1,400 <1 <1 2,800 730 - - - - 2,644 760 0 100
Türkiye 6,053 1,258 7 3,251,127 1,550,000 37 37 127,738 32,800 1,921,503 525,000 57 43 4,053,002 1,110,000 0 100
Turkmenistan 195 14 3 3,614 1,400 <1 <1 1,848 330 - - - - - - - -
Turks and Caicos 26 2 67 7 0 <1 <1 19 6 - - - - - - - -
Islands
Tuvalu 0 0 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Uganda 1,720 928 4 1,577,498 909,000 32 32 8,376 2,100 4,989 2,600 97 3 50,848 26,200 1 99
Ukraine 4,997 280 11 2,512 200 <1 <1 5,960,362 1,870,000 3,689,088 678,000 100 0 714,509 131,000 100 0
United Arab 8,716 1,351 88 1,416 430 <1 <1 229 66 - - - - - - - -
Emirates
United Kingdom 9,360 920 14 448,620 124,000 7 7 210 81 - - - - 4,627 960 0 100
United Republic 426 91 <1 188,953 101,000 3 3 935 260 30,517 15,200 0 100 45,821 22,800 0 100
of Tanzania
United States 50,633 3,325 15 409,202 106,000 1 1 1,229 440 18,761 4,000 0 100 202,321 43,500 0 100
Uruguay 108 29 3 29,913 8,400 9 9 93 41 60 14 0 100 4,269 970 0 100
Uzbekistan 1,162 92 3 9,405 4,000 <1 <1 4,440 1,000 - - - - - - - -
Vanuatu 3 1 1 - - - - 5 2 2,420 1,100 0 100 68,777 31,100 0 100
Venezuela
(Bolivarian 1,324 160 5 29,336 16,600 1 1 6,103,058 1,630,000 497 160 0 100 728 230 0 100
Republic of)
Viet Nam 77 11 <1 19 2 <1 <1 18,339 3,200 2,633 690 0 100 68,246 17,900 0 100
Yemen 387 117 1 55,568 16,900 1 1 48,044 13,100 4,516,341 2,060,000 100 0 319,445 146,000 25 75
Zambia 188 34 1 72,411 31,300 3 3 324 80 8,957 4,400 0 100 9,323 4,600 0 100
Zimbabwe 416 53 3 10,114 4,900 <1 <1 7,460 1,200 611 290 0 100 694 320 0 100

SUMMARY

East Asia and 25,375 2,785 1 306,184 99,900 <1 <1 1,497,794 664,000 4,167,735 1,190,000 70 30 10,476,486 2,810,000 14 86
Pacific
Europe and 98,890 8,834 11 13,154,721 4,580,000 14 14 6,498,652 1,980,000 7,229,072 1,580,000 88 12 5,054,061 1,290,000 15 85
Central Asia
Eastern Europe
and Central Asia 32,472 3,214 8 5,248,711 2,190,000 12 12 6,493,051 1,980,000 6,977,125 1,540,000 88 12 4,857,814 1,260,000 16 84

Western 66,418 5,620 13 7,906,010 2,390,000 16 16 5,601 1,100 251,947 47,500 99 1 196,247 33,000 0 100
Europe
Latin America
and the 14,016 3,505 2 6,232,140 1,660,000 10 10 6,615,367 1,760,000 6,292,963 1,690,000 100 0 2,365,152 650,000 27 73
Caribbean
Middle East and 44,415 9,003 9 5,948,788 2,940,000 12 12 7,003,349 3,070,000 15,276,942 6,190,000 98 2 5,388,514 2,240,000 75 25
North Africa
North America 58,682 3,958 16 578,650 147,000 2 2 1,452 520 19,458 4,200 0 100 394,669 79,200 0 100
South Asia 11,066 1,197 <1 3,267,867 1,630,000 2 2 6,706,364 3,230,000 8,169,471 3,730,000 64 36 3,665,851 1,290,000 2 98
Sub-Saharan 23,357 5,865 2 7,872,981 4,230,000 6 6 8,734,657 4,490,000 34,729,535 17,300,000 93 7 19,488,655 9,690,000 69 31
Africa
Eastern and 12,600 3,623 2 5,053,430 2,700,000 8 8 5,963,214 3,060,000 19,413,672 9,410,000 90 10 13,098,736 6,350,000 60 40
Southern Africa
West and
Central Africa 10,757 2,242 2 2,819,551 1,540,000 5 5 2,771,443 1,430,000 15,315,863 7,910,000 97 3 6,389,919 3,340,000 88 12

Least developed 16,128 4,894 2 7,706,189 4,150,000 7 7 16,047,632 7,990,000 43,917,399 21,000,000 91 9 23,218,109 10,700,000 63 37
countries
World 280,514 35,509 4 37,392,771 15,300,000 5 5 37,149,032 15,200,000 75,902,144 31,700,000 90 10 46,859,254 18,100,000 44 56

For a complete list of countries and areas in the regions, subregions and country categories, see page on Regional Classifications or visit <https://data.unicef.org/regionalclassifications>.
It is not advisable to compare data from consecutive editions of The State of the World’s Children report.

115
TABLE 18. MIGRATION

NOTES New internal displacements – Number of movements of

- Data not available. persons who have been forced or obliged to flee or to leave
Refugees with origin listed as 'other', 'unknown', 'various' or DEFINITIONS OF THE INDICATORS their homes or places of habitual residence and who have not
'stateless' are not included in the aggregates, making the International migrant stock – The number of people born in crossed an internationally recognized state border in a given
global totals smaller than the comparable total of refugees by a country other than that in which they live, including refugees. period.
host country. Refugees – Persons who are forced to flee their home country
Regional and global values are based on more countries and to escape persecution or a serious threat to their life, physical
areas than listed here. Therefore, country values do not add up integrity or freedom. Numbers in this table refer to refugees MAIN DATA SOURCES
to the corresponding regional and global values. under UNHCR mandate only. Additional Palestine refugees International migrant stock – United Nations Department of
Ru Under 18 estimates rounded to second signficant figure registered with UNRWA are present in State of Palestine, Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2020).
(e.g., '1 234' is rounded to '1 200'). Lebanon, Syria, and Jordan but are not listed here. International Migrant Stock 2020.
Sd Share refers to total displacements. Internally displaced persons (IDPs) – Persons who have Refugees – United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees,
T Totals are the sum of unrounded numbers related to conflict been forced or obliged to flee or to leave their homes or places Refugee Population Statistics Database, 2024.
and violence, and disasters, respectively, as published by the of habitual residence and who have not crossed an Internal displacement – Internal Displacement Monitoring
Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre. internationally recognized state border at a given point in time. Centre, Global Internal Displacement Database (GIDD), IDMC,
2024.

116
 TABLE 19. ECONOMIC INDICATORS

This table provides a macroeconomic overview of the context affecting children’s well-being and development. The indicators serve
two purposes: they reflect the government's fiscal capacity to fund welfare programs, as shown by government revenue and Official
Development Assistance (ODA) inflows, and they illustrate the allocation of government expenditure across key sectors such as
health, education, social protection and, for DAC member countries, foreign aid. Government expenditure is presented as a
proportion of each country’s GDP and overall public budget, highlighting the relative importance and size of each sector in social
policy.

A distinction is made for ODA between inflows/outflows in million US$ and inflows/outflows as a proportion of each country’s Gross
National Income. The Economic Indicators data are updated annually and primarily sourced from the World Bank’s World Development
Indicators, with the exception of ODA data, which come from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).
Due to limited data coverage, government expenditure on social protection as a percentage of the government budget is calculated
from the other indicators by taking ratio of government expenditure on social protection as a percentage of GDP to government
revenue as a percentage of GDP.

THE STATE OF THE WORLD'S CHILDREN 2024 117

TABLE 19. ECONOMIC INDICATORS
Government Expenditure
2015–2023 (R) Official development assistance
Government
revenue as % of 2015–2023 (R)
As % of GDP As % of government budget
GDP
Countries 2015–2023 (R)
and areas Total On health On education
On social
protection
On health On education
On social
protection
Inflow in
millions US$
Inflow as a % of
recipient GNI
Outflow in
millions US$
Ouflow as a %
of donor GNI
Afghanistan 13.0 21.8 0.7 4.3 1.4 4.1 8.2 6.4 3,960 26.8 - -
Albania 19.3 11.1 2.9 2.7 1.9 9.1 9.8 16.9 339 1.7 - -
Algeria - 16.9 3.3 6.3 2.3 8.8 13.3 13.5 233 0.1 - -
Andorra - - 6.2 2.7 - 15.7 7.0 - - - - -
Angola 21.8 6.4 1.7 2.3 0.5 8.8 7.7 7.7 97 0.1 - -
Anguilla - - - - - - - - - - - -
Antigua and - - 3.9 3.6 - 15.5 9.8 - 6 0.4 - -
Barbuda
Argentina 10.6 15.8 6.1 4.6 3.3 16.2 12.3 20.6 407 0.1 - -
Armenia 23.5 14.1 2.2 2.5 1.5 7.6 9.7 10.9 323 1.6 - -
Australia 26.2 21.3 8.0 5.2 - 19.3 13.9 0.0 - - 3,079 0.2
Austria 31.7 20.3 9.5 4.8 - 16.9 9.0 0.0 - - 1,836 0.3
Azerbaijan 32.4 14.0 1.5 2.9 0.6 4.6 10.8 4.3 47 0.1 - -
Bahamas 19.8 13.0 4.0 3.1 - 13.8 11.6 0.0 - - - -
Bahrain 16.0 15.8 2.8 2.0 - 8.7 9.3 0.0 - - - -
Bangladesh 9.5 5.7 0.4 2.1 0.8 3.1 12.0 13.5 5,743 1.1 - -
Barbados 29.5 11.8 4.4 5.1 - 12.4 13.6 0.0 - - - -
Belarus 15.5 18.1 4.9 5.2 2.4 13.2 12.8 13.2 12 0.0 - -
Belgium 23.9 24.2 8.6 6.2 - 15.5 11.3 0.0 - - 2,687 0.4
Belize 23.8 16.1 3.4 5.0 - 13.7 18.9 0.0 21 0.8 - -
Benin - 9.5 0.3 3.2 0.4 1.6 19.0 4.2 874 4.9 - -
Bhutan 20.0 21.0 2.2 8.1 1.0 5.6 17.8 4.6 209 7.1 - -
Bolivia
(Plurinational - 19.3 5.9 7.7 1.9 17.1 23.1 9.8 357 0.8 - -
State of)
Bosnia and 29.6 19.9 6.5 - 2.8 16.4 - 14.0 295 1.2 - -
Herzegovina
Botswana 29.5 28.9 4.8 8.1 3.0 14.6 21.5 10.3 89 0.5 - -
Brazil 29.6 18.2 4.5 5.8 1.3 10.9 11.6 7.0 602 0.0 - -
British Virgin - - - 2.9 - - 11.1 - - - - -
Islands
Brunei - 22.8 2.1 4.4 - 7.1 11.4 0.0 - - - -
Darussalam
Bulgaria 28.8 18.2 5.4 4.3 1.1 12.9 10.6 6.0 - - - -
Burkina Faso 19.7 20.0 2.7 5.3 1.4 9.8 20.3 7.0 1,447 7.7 - -
Burundi 17.6 30.5 2.2 4.8 2.1 7.3 20.6 7.0 600 17.2 - -
Cabo Verde 21.6 20.4 4.7 6.0 - 15.8 15.1 0.0 87 3.6 - -
Cambodia 18.1 8.1 2.0 1.7 0.9 7.0 15.7 11.0 1,686 5.5 - -
Cameroon 13.7 11.3 0.5 2.6 0.0 2.9 13.1 0.3 1,229 2.8 - -
Canada 14.4 21.2 8.0 4.1 - 19.2 11.1 0.0 - - 9,274 0.3
Central African 9.2 8.3 1.3 2.1 2.0 6.4 10.0 24.6 701 27.2 - -
Republic
Chad - 4.2 0.9 2.5 - 4.9 16.5 0.0 726 5.7 - -
Chile 26.0 15.1 4.9 4.0 3.5 18.5 19.4 23.4 1 0.0 - -
China 8.4 16.1 2.9 3.3 1.1 8.9 10.5 6.6 -381 -0.0 - -
Colombia 20.1 14.6 6.5 3.9 3.4 19.0 11.6 23.5 1,942 0.6 - -
Comoros - 9.3 0.9 2.4 0.4 4.7 10.5 4.3 147 11.0 - -
Congo 20.1 13.1 1.9 3.0 0.4 8.2 15.7 3.2 739 4.8 - -
Cook Islands - - - - - - - - - - - -
Costa Rica 18.0 14.9 5.3 6.3 - 25.4 20.1 0.0 666 1.0 - -
Côte d'Ivoire 12.2 10.3 1.0 3.5 0.2 5.1 12.8 1.5 2,091 2.9 - -
Croatia 24.9 21.1 6.8 5.2 - 14.0 10.7 0.0 - - - -
Cuba - 32.5 12.6 9.4 - 21.5 17.0 0.0 145 0.5 - -
Cyprus 30.0 19.1 8.0 5.5 - 18.4 12.7 0.0 - - - -
Czechia 25.0 20.4 8.2 5.1 0.8 17.6 10.9 3.9 - - 1,051 0.2
Democratic
People's - - - - - - - - 13 - - -
Republic of
Korea
Democratic
Republic of the 14.2 7.9 0.6 3.0 0.7 4.3 18.4 8.6 3,330 5.2 - -
Congo
Denmark 36.3 22.6 8.1 5.9 - 17.8 11.9 0.0 - - 2,764 0.7
Djibouti - 14.5 1.0 3.8 0.3 4.2 14.0 2.0 66 1.6 - -
Dominica - 27.4 4.2 4.7 4.1 7.2 7.1 15.1 62 9.8 - -
Dominican
Republic 15.6 11.3 3.3 3.9 1.3 17.7 22.0 11.6 409 0.3 - -

Ecuador 24.5 13.9 5.3 3.6 1.0 14.8 9.3 7.5 397 0.3 - -
Egypt - 6.8 1.7 3.9 2.9 6.8 12.0 43.1 6,080 1.3 - -
El Salvador 24.8 18.0 6.4 4.5 1.4 20.0 12.0 7.5 730 2.4 - -
Equatorial
Guinea 26.8 26.0 0.7 - - 5.4 - 0.0 12 0.1 - -

Eritrea - - 0.9 - - 2.4 - - 57 - - -

Estonia 29.8 20.9 5.7 5.9 2.3 13.8 14.3 10.8 - - 201 0.2
Eswatini 24.9 17.6 3.7 6.3 - 12.3 16.6 0.0 94 1.9 - -

118
TABLE 19. ECONOMIC INDICATORS

Government Expenditure
2015–2023 (R) Official development assistance
Government
revenue as % of 2015–2023 (R)
As % of GDP As % of government budget
GDP
Countries 2015–2023 (R)
and areas Total On health On education
On social
protection
On health On education
On social
protection
Inflow in
millions US$
Inflow as a % of
recipient GNI
Outflow in
millions US$
Ouflow as a %
of donor GNI
Ethiopia 5.1 6.3 1.0 3.7 0.7 7.1 23.0 11.0 4,993 3.9 - -
Fiji 19.0 20.6 3.4 6.0 0.7 9.4 14.5 3.6 384 7.6 - -
Finland 23.0 25.2 8.4 5.7 - 15.1 10.2 0.0 - - 1,615 0.4
France 17.4 23.3 9.3 5.2 - 15.8 8.9 0.0 - - 17,559 0.4
Gabon 14.5 11.6 1.6 2.2 - 9.6 13.6 0.0 146 0.7 - -
Gambia - 8.8 1.6 2.7 - 7.5 17.5 0.0 285 12.7 - -
Georgia 26.5 12.7 3.1 3.8 9.3 10.5 12.2 73.1 400 1.6 - -
Germany 12.5 21.6 10.2 4.5 - 19.9 9.2 0.0 - - 36,445 0.7
Ghana 15.6 5.9 2.2 2.9 - 8.2 12.0 0.0 1,077 1.4 - -
Greece 36.3 19.7 5.4 4.1 - 9.4 7.1 0.0 - - 360 0.2
Grenada - - 2.2 3.9 2.0 7.0 14.4 - -97 -8.2 - -
Guatemala 13.0 11.6 2.3 3.2 1.3 17.4 19.6 10.9 437 0.5 - -
Guinea - 12.3 0.7 2.0 0.9 4.5 10.0 7.3 526 2.7 - -
Guinea-Bissau 12.0 19.0 1.1 - 0.0 4.6 - 0.1 156 8.5 - -
Guyana - - 3.3 4.5 - 12.9 16.1 - 205 1.5 - -
Haiti - 6.2 0.4 1.0 - 3.9 11.2 0.0 895 4.4 - -
Holy See - - - - - - - - - - - -
Honduras 21.7 14.4 3.4 4.4 0.3 12.1 23.2 2.2 817 2.7 - -
Hungary 28.3 20.0 5.3 5.0 1.8 11.0 10.4 9.1 - - 371 0.1
Iceland 31.1 25.7 8.1 7.1 - 16.4 14.9 0.0 - - 94 0.3
India 13.2 10.5 1.1 4.6 1.4 3.7 14.6 13.6 3,427 0.1 - -
Indonesia 13.4 7.4 2.2 2.4 0.6 12.1 13.9 7.4 607 0.1 - -
Iran (Islamic - 13.2 3.2 2.7 - 26.1 21.9 0.0 312 0.1 - -
Republic of)
Iraq 38.6 17.7 2.6 - 1.3 7.0 - 7.3 1,711 0.5 - -
Ireland 19.4 12.3 5.2 2.9 - 21.0 12.0 0.0 - - 2,410 0.3
Israel 28.1 22.4 5.4 6.5 - 13.2 18.4 0.0 - - - -
Italy 27.0 18.1 7.1 4.0 - 12.4 7.4 0.0 - - 6,706 0.3
Jamaica 29.3 13.6 5.1 5.7 1.5 16.2 16.9 11.1 95 0.6 - -
Japan 15.3 21.6 9.2 3.5 - 21.4 7.4 0.0 - - 16,747 0.2
Jordan 23.5 15.8 2.6 3.2 1.0 7.9 9.6 6.3 2,058 4.1 - -
Kazakhstan 12.3 11.3 2.6 4.2 1.6 11.6 24.1 14.4 70 0.0 - -
Kenya 18.0 12.3 2.2 4.6 0.4 9.3 17.9 3.0 2,733 2.4 - -
Kiribati 66.0 - 11.1 16.6 1.3 10.0 15.4 - 95 22.1 - -
Kuwait 38.6 24.8 5.2 - - 9.9 - 0.0 - - - -
Kyrgyzstan 24.6 16.8 2.9 8.0 2.6 8.6 21.0 15.4 756 6.3 - -
Lao People's
Democratic 13.9 14.0 0.7 1.4 0.1 4.4 9.1 0.6 576 3.8 - -
Republic
Latvia 27.4 19.7 6.3 5.6 1.0 14.2 12.7 5.2 - - - -
Lebanon 6.9 3.6 2.9 1.7 - 16.7 9.9 0.0 1,470 7.0 - -
Lesotho 37.0 34.2 4.2 6.7 5.6 8.0 11.3 16.3 153 5.7 - -
Liberia - - 1.1 2.4 - 3.7 12.4 - 495 12.9 - -
Libya - 31.8 - - 2.7 - - 8.5 274 0.5 - -
Liechtenstein - - - - - - - - - - - -
Lithuania 23.2 17.7 5.3 4.8 0.4 14.0 12.7 2.4 - - 243 0.1
Luxembourg 29.7 19.0 4.7 4.7 - 10.9 10.7 0.0 - - 530 1.0
Madagascar 10.2 18.7 0.7 3.1 0.2 5.3 14.1 0.8 1,043 6.7 - -
Malawi 13.4 - 1.4 3.3 - 5.8 15.8 - 1,368 10.5 - -
Malaysia 16.4 12.0 2.5 3.5 0.6 10.1 20.1 4.7 -6 0.0 - -
Maldives 24.8 - 7.2 4.6 1.7 18.2 10.9 - 126 2.1 - -
Mali 15.0 17.1 1.3 4.0 0.6 5.0 19.1 3.6 1,233 6.7 - -
Malta 33.3 17.7 7.1 5.4 - 16.2 12.7 0.0 - - - -
Marshall Islands 31.4 57.4 5.3 7.0 - 7.9 11.3 0.0 139 47.3 - -
Mauritania - 18.1 1.6 2.3 2.3 8.3 10.4 12.8 343 3.4 - -
Mauritius 23.4 14.2 3.1 3.6 3.3 10.2 12.2 22.9 82 0.6 - -
Mexico 16.9 11.0 3.0 4.6 1.6 11.0 16.2 14.7 515 0.0 - -
Micronesia
(Federated 29.8 - 1.9 10.5 - 2.6 18.6 - 147 31.5 - -
States of)
Monaco - - 3.3 1.4 - 13.6 4.8 - - - - -
Mongolia 23.1 13.3 4.5 4.3 2.2 12.6 10.0 16.4 297 1.9 - -
Montenegro - 18.1 6.5 - 1.8 14.4 - 9.7 106 1.6 - -
Montserrat - - - - - - - - - - - -
Morocco 26.9 18.7 2.2 5.8 2.0 7.2 23.9 10.6 1,507 1.1 - -
Mozambique 25.2 16.7 2.6 7.0 1.9 8.2 18.8 11.5 2,624 15.1 - -
Myanmar 14.3 - 1.1 2.1 0.0 4.4 9.8 - 1,079 1.6 - -
Namibia 31.3 21.8 4.5 9.0 2.8 11.2 25.0 12.9 332 2.7 - -
Nauru 138.8 - 11.3 6.2 - 9.1 9.6 - 37 14.1 - -
Nepal 19.9 6.6 1.8 3.6 1.6 6.5 12.8 24.1 1,264 2.9 - -

119
TABLE 19. ECONOMIC INDICATORS

Government Expenditure
2015–2023 (R) Official development assistance
Government
revenue as % of 2015–2023 (R)
As % of GDP As % of government budget
GDP
Countries 2015–2023 (R)
and areas Total On health On education
On social
protection
On health On education
On social
protection
Inflow in
millions US$
Inflow as a % of
recipient GNI
Outflow in
millions US$
Ouflow as a %
of donor GNI
Netherlands
(Kingdom of the) 26.7 25.3 7.9 5.1 - 16.9 11.0 0.0 - - 6,450 0.6

New Zealand - 21.1 7.7 5.5 - 18.6 13.1 0.0 - - 515 0.2
Nicaragua 21.5 12.2 6.1 4.1 - 20.1 22.7 0.0 1,168 7.8 - -
Niger - 17.3 2.1 4.1 0.4 8.7 12.8 2.4 2,107 14.5 - -
Nigeria - - 0.5 - - 4.1 - - 4,545 1.0 - -
Niue - - - - - - - - - - - -
North 19.0 16.8 4.6 - 1.8 13.0 - 10.5 234 1.7 - -
Macedonia
Norway 56.3 21.9 7.0 4.0 - 17.8 10.1 0.0 - - 5,161 1.0
Oman - 22.1 3.8 4.2 - 10.5 14.1 0.0 - - - -
Pakistan - 10.2 0.8 1.7 0.4 4.6 7.8 4.0 1,872 0.5 - -
Palau 24.0 38.3 7.4 - - 11.1 - 0.0 60 22.7 - -
Panama 11.2 12.8 5.4 3.9 0.8 21.7 11.9 6.5 146 0.2 - -
Papua New
Guinea 15.3 - 1.2 1.9 0.0 5.3 9.2 - 682 2.2 - -

Paraguay 14.1 12.0 4.5 3.4 1.3 18.0 24.1 10.6 101 0.2 - -
Peru 18.2 13.7 4.0 3.9 1.2 16.9 17.9 9.0 851 0.4 - -
Philippines 16.1 14.2 2.1 3.6 0.5 8.0 15.7 3.9 1,841 0.4 - -
Poland 22.1 18.6 4.6 4.9 1.0 10.5 11.2 5.6 - - 3,481 0.1
Portugal 28.0 17.0 7.0 4.6 - 14.7 9.7 0.0 - - 440 0.2
Qatar - 12.9 2.5 3.2 - 8.4 9.3 0.0 - - - -
Republic of 32.0 18.9 6.0 5.4 - 14.4 14.3 0.0 - - 2,906 0.1
Korea
Republic of 20.0 18.1 5.1 6.1 1.1 14.6 15.8 6.2 933 6.1 - -
Moldova
Romania 22.5 16.9 4.9 3.3 1.2 12.3 8.1 7.2 - - - -
Russian 22.1 18.5 5.3 3.7 1.2 15.1 8.9 6.3 - - - -
Federation
Rwanda 18.5 16.6 3.0 4.1 0.7 9.5 12.2 4.2 1,121 8.3 - -
Saint Kitts and 28.5 - 3.5 3.6 - 7.9 6.2 - - - - -
Nevis
Saint Lucia 19.4 - 2.6 4.2 - 8.7 16.3 - 36 1.6 - -
Saint Vincent
and the 25.6 - 3.6 5.5 - 9.6 12.9 - 16 1.6 - -
Grenadines
Samoa 32.3 18.2 5.1 4.5 0.1 14.7 16.2 0.4 131 15.6 - -
San Marino 25.1 18.5 7.0 3.1 - 17.9 7.9 0.0 - - - -
Sao Tome and - - 3.4 5.2 0.0 13.1 18.3 - 57 9.6 - -
Principe
Saudi Arabia 30.5 23.3 4.6 - - 14.4 - 0.0 - - - -
Senegal 21.3 14.7 1.1 5.6 0.9 4.4 22.5 5.9 1,522 5.4 - -
Serbia 28.0 15.9 6.3 3.3 1.2 13.4 7.1 7.5 558 0.8 - -
Seychelles 29.4 21.3 4.0 4.7 2.6 10.2 6.7 12.1 0 1.0 - -
Sierra Leone - 8.8 1.9 8.8 1.0 6.9 29.4 11.1 546 11.0 - -
Singapore 16.2 10.2 3.5 2.4 - 20.8 13.1 0.0 - - - -
Slovakia 25.6 20.1 6.2 4.3 1.5 13.6 9.4 7.3 - - 172 0.1
Slovenia 26.0 19.5 6.9 5.7 - 14.0 11.5 0.0 - - 169 0.2
Solomon Islands 23.1 29.2 3.3 - - 10.5 - 0.0 264 16.0 - -
Somalia 0.0 7.0 - 0.3 0.2 - 4.2 2.9 1,969 18.7 - -
South Africa 28.8 19.7 5.0 6.6 4.6 15.3 18.5 23.4 1,030 0.3 - -
South Sudan - - 0.9 1.5 - 2.1 8.1 - 2,061 15.9 - -
Spain 17.7 19.9 7.7 4.6 - 15.2 9.2 0.0 - - 4,043 0.2
Sri Lanka 8.2 6.9 1.9 1.2 0.4 9.5 8.7 6.0 19 0.0 - -
State of 23.4 20.2 - 5.4 - - - 0.0 2,336 9.4 - -
Palestine
Sudan 8.8 16.2 0.8 - 0.9 7.9 - 5.7 1,575 3.1 - -
Suriname - - 3.3 3.8 - 10.0 13.9 - 59 1.7 - -
Sweden 29.4 25.7 9.7 6.7 - 19.6 13.5 0.0 - - 5,458 1.0
Switzerland 10.5 11.4 4.3 5.6 - 11.7 14.6 0.0 - - 4,496 0.5
Syrian Arab
Republic - 10.9 - - - - - 0.0 8,199 113.1 - -

Tajikistan 13.9 10.1 1.9 5.4 0.8 7.0 20.4 7.6 612 4.1 - -
Thailand 17.2 16.6 3.6 2.6 1.6 13.5 11.9 9.6 628 0.1 - -
Timor-Leste 51.5 33.1 7.3 3.0 5.3 7.0 7.5 16.0 233 6.9 - -
Togo 15.1 12.6 0.6 3.8 0.1 2.6 14.8 0.9 450 5.2 - -
Tokelau - - - - - - - - - - - -
Tonga 25.1 30.7 3.6 5.6 - 7.3 9.8 0.0 307 54.7 - -
Trinidad and - - 3.3 2.9 3.7 11.1 7.9 - - - - -
Tobago
Tunisia - 20.6 4.1 6.2 0.5 12.4 22.7 2.3 1,290 2.8 - -
Türkiye 20.5 13.6 3.6 2.6 1.1 11.5 8.8 8.3 892 0.1 - -
Turkmenistan - 9.8 0.9 3.8 - 8.7 28.6 0.0 15 0.0 - -
Turks and Caicos - - - 3.3 - - 14.3 - - - - -
Islands

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TABLE 19. ECONOMIC INDICATORS

Government Expenditure
2015–2023 (R) Official development assistance
Government
revenue as % of 2015–2023 (R)
As % of GDP As % of government budget
GDP
Countries 2015–2023 (R)
and areas Total On health On education
On social
protection
On health On education
On social
protection
Inflow in
millions US$
Inflow as a % of
recipient GNI
Outflow in
millions US$
Ouflow as a %
of donor GNI
Tuvalu - - 10.1 - - 8.2 - - 66 79.9 - -
Uganda 13.8 9.5 1.1 2.6 0.4 4.9 8.6 4.3 2,147 4.7 - -
Ukraine 24.7 41.7 4.1 5.9 5.4 10.2 8.5 13.0 29,293 16.9 - -
United Arab
Emirates 3.0 14.5 3.4 3.9 - 12.9 14.8 0.0 - - - -

United Kingdom 36.8 20.7 10.3 5.4 - 22.4 11.2 0.0 - - 15,761 0.7
United Republic
of Tanzania 14.0 8.1 0.9 3.3 0.2 5.1 13.7 1.9 2,729 3.6 - -

United States 13.0 13.9 9.6 5.4 - 21.4 12.7 0.0 - - 60,329 0.2
Uruguay 20.4 13.8 6.9 4.4 1.1 22.4 15.4 8.3 1 0.1 - -
Uzbekistan 18.0 16.1 3.0 5.3 0.8 9.9 21.4 4.7 1,672 1.9 - -
Vanuatu 30.5 20.6 1.2 2.2 - 2.8 5.0 0.0 129 10.6 - -
Venezuela
(Bolivarian - - 1.4 - - 5.5 16.6 - 272 - - -
Republic of)
Viet Nam - 8.9 2.0 2.9 1.6 9.0 15.4 17.4 19 0.0 - -
Yemen - 9.1 0.4 - - 2.2 - 0.0 3,696 38.0 - -
Zambia 22.0 14.3 2.8 3.6 0.2 9.3 13.9 1.4 1,865 6.7 - -
Zimbabwe 8.1 16.7 0.9 2.1 0.3 5.2 15.7 2.1 789 2.9 - -

SUMMARY

East Asia and 13.6 16.7 4.4 3.4 - - 13.7 0.0 9,819 0.0 - -
Pacific
Europe and 23.5 20.2 8.0 5.0 - 16.8 11.1 0.0 9,200 0.1 - -
Central Asia
Eastern Europe - - - - - - - - - - - -
and Central Asia
Western - - - - - - - - - - - -
Europe
Latin America
and the 22.5 15.1 4.4 3.9 - 13.1 16.0 0.0 11,214 0.2 - -
Caribbean
Middle East and - 17.5 3.7 3.6 - - 13.3 0.0 32,078 0.7 - -
North Africa
North America - - - - - - - - - - - -
South Asia 12.9 9.9 1.1 2.0 - 3.9 10.2 0.0 17,038 0.4 - -
Sub-Saharan - - - - - - - - - - - -
Africa
Eastern and 22.0 14.0 2.9 4.2 - 12.6 14.1 0.0 30,679 3.1 - -
Southern Africa
West and - - 0.9 2.9 - - 14.2 - 18,802 2.3 - -
Central Africa
Least developed - - - - - - - - - - - -
countries
World 17.5 16.5 6.5 3.7 - 16.2 12.7 0.0 190,068 0.2 - -

For a complete list of countries and areas in the regions, subregions and country categories, see page on Regional Classifications or visit <https://data.unicef.org/regionalclassifications>.
It is not advisable to compare data from consecutive editions of The State of the World’s Children report.
While it is possible to analyze the impacts of government revenue and expenditure data on gender equality, there are insufficient data points available to present.

NOTES employees). It also includes most expenditures on national (c) is concessional in character.
- Data not available. defence and security, but excludes government military ODA (Net official development assistance) for donor
R Data refer to the most recent year available during the period expenditures that are part of government capital formation. countries – Expressed as an outflow of resources (in US$ and
specified in the column heading. Government expenditure expressed as a percentage of as percentage of Gross National Income).
GDP – Total government expenditure as well as the specific ODA (Net official development assistance) for recipient
expenditures on health, education and social protection. countries – Expressed as an intflow of resources (in US$ and
DEFINITIONS OF THE INDICATORS Government expenditure expressed as a percentage of as percentage of Gross National Income).
Government revenue as percentage of GDP – Revenue is Total government expenditure – Specific expenditures on
cash receipts from taxes, social contributions, and other health, education and social protection.
revenues such as fines, fees, rent, and income from property or ODA (Net official development assistance) – Official MAIN DATA SOURCES
sales. Grants are also considered as revenue but are excluded development assistance flows are defined as those flows to ODA – Organisation for Economic Co-operation and
here. countries and territories on the DAC List of ODA Recipients and Development. Last update: September 2023.
Government expenditure – General government final to multilateral development institutions which are: (a) provided Government revenue as percentage of GDP – World
consumption expenditure (formerly general government by official agencies, including state and local governments, or Development Indicators. Last update: May 2024.
consumption) includes all government current expenditures for by their executive agencies; (b) each transaction of which is Government Expenditure – World Development Indicators.
purchases of goods and services (including compensation of administered with the promotion of the economic development Last update: April 2024.
and welfare of developing countries as its main objective; and

121