Table Of: Aniseed Experiment Procedure Observation Result Bibliography

TABLE OF
CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 ANISEED
 EXPERIMENT
 PROCEDURE
 OBSERVATION
 RESULT
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
INTRODUCTION
An essential oil is a concentrated
hydrophobic liquid containing volatile aroma
compounds from plants. They are also known
as volatile oils, ethereal oils, aetherolea etc.
Essential oils are made up of highly volatile
substances which can be extracted from
numerous plant species. Distillation based
recovery processes such as steam and
vacuum distillation are preferred for the
extraction of essential oils from plant
materials. Virtually all naturally occurring
essential oils are made up of hydrocarbons
such as camphene, pinene, limonene,
phellandrene, cedrene, and oxygenated
hydrocarbons such as alcohols, aldehydes,
esters, ethers, ketones, lactones, phenols
and organic acids. The essential oil get their
odours from the oxygenated compounds
contained in them and these confer stability
on the oil against oxidation. The
hydrocarbons are less stable and they are
responsible for the degradation observed in
the oils.
AIM
Extraction of essential
oils present in
Saunf(Aniseed),
Ajwain (Carcum) and
Illaichi (Cardamom)
ANISEED OIL (SNAUF)
 Botanical Name:
Pimpinella anisum
 Common Method of
Extraction: Steam
Distillation
 Color: Clear
 Aromatic
Description:Distinctive
scent of licorice. Rich and
sweet.
 Constituents: a-pinene,
camphene, B-pinene,
linalool, cis-anethole,
 Trans-anethole, safrole,
anisaldehyde,
acetoanisole.
USES:
 In aromatherapy, aniseed essential oil is
used to treat colds and flu.
 Aniseed oil can be made into a liquid
scent and is used for both hunting and
fishing. It is put on fishing lures to attract
fish.
 Anethole, the principal component of
anise oil, is a precursor that can
 Eventually produce 2,5-
dimethoxybenzaldehyde which is can be
used in
 The clandestine synthesis of psychedelic
drugs such as 2C-B, 2C-I and DOB.
 Oil of aniseed is also reported to be used
as an aromatic carminative to relieve
flatulence, and as an ingredient of cough
lozenges in combination with liquorice
CAROM
OIL(Ajwain)
 Botanical name:
Trachyspermum ammi
 Common Method of
Extraction :Distillation
 Aroma:Warm, Pungent,
Peppery
 Extraction: Ajwain oil is
extracted from the crushed
seeds of ajwain by the
method of steam distillation.
 Chemical composition: The
main constituents of the
ajwain oil are thymol,
gamma-terpinene, p-
cymene, and beta-pinene.
Alpha-pinene, alpha-thujene,
beta-myrcene, carvacrol,
limonene, and terpinene-4-
ol.
 There are variations in the
Composition of ajwain oils
depending upon the region
where it is cultivated.
For instance, ajwain oil
collected from Southern India
is rich in thyml
USES:
 Skin Ailments: Ajwain can help
with pimples.
 Digestive Aid:One can treat
indigestion, ulcers, and various
other bacterial infections of the
gut with ajwain seeds and
essential oil.
 Aromatherapy: Useful in
aromatherapy, ajwain oil offers
calming sensations that
relieves neuralgia and
migraines.
CARDAMON OIL
(ILLAICHI)
 Botanical Name: Elettaria
cardamonum
 Common Method Of Extraction:
Steam Distillation
 Aroma: Very complex and
smooth spice aroma
 Extraction: Cardamom oil is
extracted using steam
distillation method. For this,
seeds of the fruit are used just
before they ripe. The yield
through this process is
normally 1 to 5 per cent.
 Chemical Composition:
Cardamom oil contains sabinene,

myrcene, a-pinene, b-pinene, a-
phellandrene, limonene, p-
cymene, terpinolene, 1,8-cineole,
y-terpinene, linalool, linalyl
acetate, a-terpineol acetate,
citronellol, nerol, terpinen-4-oil
USES
 Cardamom oil has a vast range
of usage for treatment of
sciatica, coughs, abdominal
pains, spasm and nervous
disorders. Traditionally, it is
used for pulmonary disease,
fever, digestive and urinary
problems in India and China for
over 3000 years. It is also used
to flavour pharmaceutical
products. Apart from
pharmaceutical usage,
cardamom oil is also used as a
fragrant in soaps, perfumes
and cosmetic products.
EXPERIME
NT
MATERIALS REQUIRED:
 Steam generator (Copper Vessel)
 Round bottom flask (500 ml),
 Conical flask
 Condenser
 Glass tubes
 Iron stand
 Sand bath
 Separatory funnel
 Tripod stands,Burners
 Ajwain(Carum)
 Petroleum ether(60-80°C)
 Saunf(Aniseed)
PROCEDURE
1.Set the apparatus as shown in
the picture of Experimental
Setup. The apparatus consists of
a steam generator connected to
the round bottom flask through a
glass inlet tube. The flask is
connected to a water condenser
through a glass outlet tube.
Condenser is further attached to
a receiver through an adaptor.
2. Take about 750ml of water in
the steam generator and start
heating to produce steam.
3. In the round bottom flask take
about 75g of crushed
saunf(aniseed).
4. A vigorous current of steam
from steam generator is passed
through the round bottom flask.
5. A part of the steam condenses
in the round bottom flask. As
more and more steam is passed,
the steam volatile components of
saunf pass through condenser
along with steam. These contents
on condensation are collected in
the receiver.
6. The contents in the round
bottom flask may be heated by a
bunsen burner to prevent
excessive condensation of steam.
7. The process of steam
distillation is continued for about
half an hour.
8. Transfer the distillate to a
separating funnel and extract
with 20ml portions of petroleum
ether 3 times.
9. Combine the petroleum ether
extracts in a 250ml conical flask
and dry it with the help of
anhydrous sodium sulphate.
10. Remove the solvent from the
dried filtrate by careful
distillation in a water bath. The
essential oil is left behind in the
distillation flask.
11.Find the weight of the
extracted essential oil. Note the
colour, odour and weight of the
essential oil.
OBSERVATION:
RESULT:
Hence,essential oils present in
aniseed, carum and cardamom
are extracted from this method.
PRECAUTIONS:
 If you accidentally spill essential
oils – Clean any spillage with an
absorbent material such as
kitchen roll.
 If you accidentally get essential
oils in your eye – Flush with
copious amounts of MILK for at
least 15 minutes and seek medical
advice if symptoms persist.
 If you accidentally swallow
essential oils – Rinse mouth with
MILK and seek medical attention.
 Handling-Do not eat, drink or
smoke when handling. Respect
good personal hygiene.
 Always mix with carrier oil before
applying to the skin. Never apply
to inflamed or broken skin.
 Do not use neat on skin.
 Do not take internally. If pregnant
seek medical advice before using.
 Storage-Store in a cool, dry place
away from heat and direct
sunlight.
 Always use original containers.
Avoid contact with polished
surfaces and plastic.
 Keep essential oils away from
children and pets
BIBLIOGRAPHY
 Class 12 NCERT textbook
 Chatgpt

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Cardamom oil contains sabinene,

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