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MI 429 Lecture 10A

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32 views8 pages

MI 429 Lecture 10A

Docunment 5

Uploaded by

Hussein Kingazi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MI 429/EE 427

Wastewater Treatment Technology

LECTURE 10A
DESIGN OF PRELIMINARY TREATMENT UNITS
APPROACH CHANNEL
• An approach channel employed in the wastewater
treatment plant is a simple rectangular open
channel.
• Wastewater collected in the wet well of a pump
house is pumped into the approach channel located
at a predetermined level normally determined using
the gradient of the hydraulic flow diagram.
• Sewage from the approach channel flows by gravity
to the succeeding units and the main function is to
dampen the turbulence of incoming flow to the
subsequent unit and ensure somewhat a steady and
uniform flow after pumping.
DESIGN OF PRELIMINARY TREATMENT UNITS
APPROACH CHANNEL design criteria
• Peaking factor = 2 to 3
• Flow through velocity, Vh greater than or equal to
0.45m/s, usually 1.5m/s
• Length of the channel, L = 2.0 to 3.0m
• For rectangular section, the depth to width ratio, D:
B = 1:1.5 to 1:2
• The number of units, N = 2 usually
• The slope is computed by Manning’s equation
1 2/3 1/2
Vh = 𝑛
R S
DESIGN OF PRELIMINARY TREATMENT UNITS
APPROACH CHANNEL design criteria
1 2/3 1/2
Vh = 𝑛
R S
Where,
Vh =velocity of flow, m/s
R=Hydraulic mean radius=Ax/P, m
Ax=cross-sectional area, m2
P= wetted perimeter, m
S= slope 1 in L
n=Manning’s coefficient of roughness for the pipe
DESIGN OF PRELIMINARY TREATMENT UNITS
APPROACH CHANNEL
For example, assuming suitable data, design an approach
channel for 26.0MLD maximum flow of wastewater.
SOLUTION
• Providing 2 channels in one unit, compute the maximum
flow in each channel.
• Having flow in each channel computes the dimensions
– Assuming Vh = 0.75m/s and D:B = 1:1.5
– Assume free board as 0.3m and channel length 2.0m
• Check for flow-through velocity by Manning’s formula at
full depth and at one-third depth, assuming slope, S =
1:1000 and n=0.013 for cement concrete in good
condition
DESIGN OF PRELIMINARY TREATMENT UNITS
EQUALIZATION BASIN
• It is employed usually after the screen and grit chambers.
Its main role is to equalize the strength of wastewater
and provide a uniform flow to improve the performance
of biological reactors.
• The capacity of it is computed on the basis of its location,
whether the tank is provided “in the line” or “off the
line”.
• In the line, the volume will be large and operational cost
will increase due to continuous pumping of wastewater,
but the flow and its strength will be more uniform.
• Off the line, the capacity is less as only excessive flow
(more than average) is stored in the tank. Also energy
used is less due to intermittent pumping, however
dampening of flow and load will also be less.
EQUALIZATION BASIN
• The capacity of an equalization basin is determined by
preparing an inflow mass diagram, which is the plot of
cumulative inflow volume of wastewater versus time of
the day.
• Steps to prepare the mass diagram are:-
i. Compute the cumulative wastewater flow
ii. Plot hydraulic mass curve between time along x-axis and
the cumulative wastewater flow along y-axis
iii. Draw the line from origin to the last point of hydraulic mass
diagram, slope of it will provide average flow rate of the
day.
iv. Draw a tangent parallel to the average flow rate line at the
lowest and/or highest point of hydraulic mass curve.
v. The total vertical distance(s) from the point of tangency to
the average flow line will provide the total volume of
equalization tank.
EQUALIZATION BASIN
Example, the cumulative flow of wastewater reaching a
treatment plant in a day varies as shown in table,
determine the capacity and size of an equalization basin
for the given flow variations.

Time (h) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
Cumulative 0 25 50 75 100 120 130 140 150 160 170 198 225
flow (m3)

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