Muhammad Sami Ullah BSEE21036

Abdul Rahman BSEE21080

Assignment#02 Internet Of things:

Task#01(5 Microcontrollers):
1. Arduino Uno
I2C: SDA (A4), SCL (A5)
SPI: MOSI (11), MISO (12), SCK (13)
UART: TX (1), RX (0)
Applications: Simple IoT projects, robotics.
2. STM32F103C8 (Blue Pill)
I2C: SDA (PB7), SCL (PB6)
SPI: MOSI (PA7), MISO (PA6), SCK (PA5)
UART: TX (PA9), RX (PA10)
Applications: Industrial automation, embedded systems.
3. ESP32
I2C: SDA (21), SCL (22)
SPI: MOSI (23), MISO (19), SCK (18)
UART: TX (1), RX (3)
Applications: Wireless IoT, smart devices.
4. ATmega328P
I2C: SDA (27), SCL (28)
SPI: MOSI (17), MISO (18), SCK (19)
UART: TX (3), RX (2)
Applications: Low-power embedded systems.
5. Raspberry Pi Pico
I2C: SDA (GP0), SCL (GP1)
SPI: MOSI (GP7), MISO (GP4), SCK (GP6)
UART: TX (GP0), RX (GP1)
Applications: Educational tools, robotics.
SPI Devices:
1. Digital-to-Analog Converters (DACs) (e.g., MCP4921)
Description: Converts digital signals into analog outputs.
Applications: Signal generation, audio systems.
2. Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs) (e.g., MCP3208)
Description: Converts analog inputs into digital signals.
Applications: Sensors, data acquisition systems.
3. Shift Registers (e.g., 74HC595)
Description: Extends GPIO pins using SPI.
Applications: LED displays, control systems.
4. Ethernet Modules (e.g., ENC28J60)
Description: Enables Ethernet communication for microcontrollers.
Applications: IoT networking, remote monitoring.
5. Real-Time Clocks (RTC) (e.g., DS3234)
Description: Maintains accurate time using SPI.
Applications: Timekeeping in embedded systems.
6. RF Modules (e.g., nRF24L01)
Description: Wireless communication modules using SPI.
Applications: Remote controls, IoT networks.
5 Examples of UART Devices and Their Applications
1. GPS Modules (e.g., NEO-6M)
Description: Devices that provide location and time data using UART communication.
Applications: Navigation systems, vehicle tracking.
2. Bluetooth Modules (e.g., HC-05)
Description: Wireless communication modules supporting UART.
Applications: IoT devices, wireless data transfer.
3. Wi-Fi Modules (e.g., ESP8266)
Description: Modules enabling Wi-Fi connectivity through UART.
Applications: Smart home devices, IoT systems.
4. Serial LCD Displays
Description: LCD screens that receive commands and data over UART.
Applications: Information displays, embedded interfaces.
5. GSM Modules (e.g., SIM800L)
Description: Cellular communication modules using UART.
Applications: SMS, voice calls, and IoT projects with cellular connectivity.
5 Examples of Modbus Devices and Their Applications
1. PLC (Programmable Logic Controllers)
Description: Industrial control devices that communicate using Modbus.
Applications: Automation in manufacturing, process control.
2. HMI (Human-Machine Interfaces)
Description: Interfaces for operators to monitor and control systems.
Applications: Industrial system monitoring, machine interfaces.
3. Energy Meters
Description: Devices for measuring electrical parameters with Modbus.
Applications: Power monitoring, energy management systems.
4. Temperature Controllers
Description: Controllers with Modbus for managing temperature.
Applications: HVAC systems, industrial heating processes.
5. SCADA Systems
Description: Systems for supervisory control and data acquisition.
Applications: Remote monitoring and control in industries like oil and gas.
 Part#02:
1. ATmega328P (8-bit AVR Microcontroller)
I2C: SDA (PC4, Pin 27), SCL (PC5, Pin 28)
SPI: MOSI (PB3, Pin 17), MISO (PB4, Pin 18), SCK (PB5, Pin 19), SS (PB2, Pin 16)
Modbus: UART TX (PD1, Pin 3), RX (PD0, Pin 2)
Datasheet: ATmega328P Datasheet
2. STM32F103C8T6 (Cortex-M3 Microcontroller)
I2C: SDA (PB7, Pin 20), SCL (PB6, Pin 19)
SPI: MOSI (PA7, Pin 15), MISO (PA6, Pin 14), SCK (PA5, Pin 13), SS (PA4, Pin 12)
Modbus: UART TX (PA9, Pin 31), RX (PA10, Pin 32)
Datasheet: STM32F103C8T6 Datasheet
3. ESP32 (Xtensa Dual-Core Microcontroller)
I2C: SDA (GPIO21), SCL (GPIO22)
SPI: MOSI (GPIO23), MISO (GPIO19), SCK (GPIO18), CS (GPIO5)
Modbus: UART TX (GPIO1), RX (GPIO3)
Datasheet: ESP32 Datasheet
4. PIC16F877A (8-bit Microcontroller)
I2C: SDA (RC4, Pin 23), SCL (RC3, Pin 18)
SPI: MOSI (RC5, Pin 24), MISO (RC4, Pin 23), SCK (RC3, Pin 18), SS (RB0, Pin 33)
Modbus: UART TX (RC6, Pin 25), RX (RC7, Pin 26)
Datasheet: PIC16F877A Datasheet
5. MSP430G2553 (16-bit Microcontroller)
I2C: SDA (P1.7, Pin 20), SCL (P1.6, Pin 19)
SPI: MOSI (P1.7, Pin 20), MISO (P1.6, Pin 19), SCK (P1.5, Pin 18)
Modbus: UART TX (P1.1, Pin 2), RX (P1.2, Pin 3)
Datasheet: MSP430G2553 Datasheet
Short Description of SPI, I2c, UART, Modbus
Short Descriptions
SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface)
A high-speed, synchronous protocol for short-distance communication between
microcontrollers and peripherals.
Features: Full-duplex, uses 4 wires (MOSI, MISO, SCK, SS).
Applications: Sensors, displays, memory modules.
I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit)
A multi-device, synchronous communication protocol using only two wires (SDA, SCL).
Features: Supports multiple masters and slaves, slower than SPI.
Applications: Sensor arrays, EEPROMs, RTCs.
UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter)
A simple asynchronous serial communication protocol.
Features: Uses TX and RX lines, no clock signal required.
Applications: GPS modules, Bluetooth/Wi-Fi modules.
Modbus
A master-slave communication protocol commonly used in industrial automation.
Features: Supports RS-232, RS-485, or TCP/IP, robust and scalable.
Applications: PLCs, energy meters, SCADA systems.