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Dbms WEEK 3

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10 views8 pages

Dbms WEEK 3

Uploaded by

lalliharitha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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WEEK-3 Date:

Aim: Basic functions like Numeric, String, Date and conversion functions.
Description:
NUMERIC FUNCTIONS:
 These are used to perform operations on numbers and return
numbers.
 Following are the some numeric functions defined in SQL:
abs(),sqrt(),power(),trunc(),round(),floor(),ceil(),ln(),log(),exp(),sign(),
mod(),sin(),cos(),tanh(),greatest(),least(),etc.
STRING FUNCTIONS:
 These are used to perform an operation on input string and return an
output string.
 Following are some of the string functions defined in SQL:
ascii(),length(),reverse(),trim(),ltrim(),rtrim(),lpad,rpad,substr(),replace(),tr
anslate(),concat(),initcap(),lower(),upper(),etc.
DATE FUNCTIONS:
 These functions perform date arithmetic.
 Following are some of the string functions defined in SQL:
sysdate(),add_months(),current_date(),next_day(),last_day(),
months_between(),etc.
CONVERSION FUNCTIONS:
TO_NUMBER:
 The TO_NUMBER function converts a character value to a numeric datatype.
 Syntax: TO_NUMBER (string1, [format], [nls_parameter])
TO_CHAR:
 TO_CHAR function is used to typecast a numeric or date input to character
type with a format model.
 Syntax: TO_CHAR(number1, [format], [nls_parameter])
TO_DATE:

 The TO_DATE function accepts an argument of a character data type and


converts this value to a DATETIME value.
 Syntax: TO_DATE( string1, [ format_mask ], [ nls_language ] )
COMMANDS:
1.NUMERIC FUNCTIONS:
i. ABS() function:
SQL> SELECT ABS(-25),ABS(25),ABS(-50),ABS(50)FROM DUAL;
Output:

ii. EXP() function:


SQL> SELECT EXP(2),EXP(5) "EXPONENT" FROM DUAL;

Output:

iii. FLOOR() function:


SQL> SELECT FLOOR(25.2),FLOOR(25.7),FLOOR(-25.2) FROM DUAL;
Output:

iv. CEIL() function:


SQL> SELECT CEIL(25.2),CEIL(25.7),CEIL(-25.2) FROM DUAL;

V. SQRT() function:
SQL> SELECT SQRT(25),SQRT(30),SQRT(50) FROM DUAL;
Output:

vi. POWER() function:


SELECT POWER(3,2), POWER(4,3) FROM DUAL;
Output:

vii. MOD() function:


SQL> SELECT MOD(5,2), MOD(5,3) FROM DUAL;
Output:
viii. ROUND() function:
SQL>SELECT ROUND(157.732,2),ROUND(157.732,0),ROUND(157.732,-2) FROM
DUAL;
Output:

ix. TRUNC() function:


SQL>SELECT TRUNC(157.732,2),TRUNC(157.732,0),TRUNC(157.732,-2) FROM
DUAL;
Output:

x. LN() function:
SQL> SELECT LN(2) , LN(100) NATURAL_LOG FROM DUAL;
Output:

xi. LOG() function:


SQL> SELECT LOG(10,5), LOG(10,100) FROM DUAL;
Output:

xii. Trigonometric functions:


SQL> SELECT
SIN(3.1415) ,SINH(3.1415),COS(3.1415),COSH(3.1415),TAN(3.1415),TANH(3.1415
) FROM DUAL;
Output:

xiii. SIGN() function:


SQL> SELECT SIGN(-25),SIGN(25),SIGN(0) FROM DUAL;
Output:

xiv. GREATEST() function:


SELECT GREATEST(11,32,7),GREATEST('11','7','32') FROM DUAL;
Output:

xv. LEAST() function:


SELECT LEAST(11,32,7),LEAST('11','7','32') FROM DUAL;
Output:

2.STRING FUNCTIONS:
i. TRIM() function:
SELECT TRIM('2' FROM '224452')FROM DUAL;
Output:

TRIM('2'FROM'224452')
445
ii. REVERSE() function;
SELECT REVERSE('ABCDEF')FROM DUAL;
Output:

REVERSE('ABCDEF')
FEDCBA

CREATE TABLE CRICKET (NAME VARCHAR2(20), CITY CHAR(20));

INSERT INTO CRICKET (NAME,CITY) VALUES ('Sachin Tendulkar',' Mumbai');

INSERT INTO CRICKET (NAME,CITY) VALUES ('Rahul Dravid',' BOMBAY');

INSERT INTO CRICKET (NAME,CITY) VALUES ('M S DHONI',' Jharkhand');


INSERT INTO CRICKET (NAME,CITY) VALUES ('Suresh raina',' India');

iii. Find out length of name and city column.


SELECT NAME,CITY, LENGTH(NAME) , LENGTH(CITY) FROM CRICKET;

iv. List out entire content of above table in lower case letter.
SELECT LOWER(NAME),LOWER(CITY) FROM CRICKET;

v. List out entire content of above table in upper case letter.


SELECT UPPER(NAME),UPPER(CITY) FROM CRICKET;

vi. List out entire content of above table in such a way that first letter in upper
case and all other letter in lowercase.
SELECT INITCAP(NAME),INITCAP(CITY) FROM CRICKET;

vii. Display 3rd to 10th character of name column.


SELECT SUBSTR(NAME,3,8) FROM CRICKET;

viii. Display ‘city’ with * in left side of remaining size.


SELECT LPAD('CITY',20,'ABC')FROM DUAL;

ix. Display ‘city’ with * in right side of remaining size.


SELECT RPAD('CITY',20,'ABC')FROM DUAL;
x. Write a query to convert ‘Sumita’ to ‘mita’ using LTRIM.
SELECT LTRIM('SUMITA','SU') FROM DUAL;

LTRIM('SUMITA','SU')
MITA
xi. Write a query to convert ‘Sumita’ to ‘Sumi’ using RTRIM.
SELECT RTRIM('SUMITA','TA') FROM DUAL;

RTRIM('SUMITA','TA')
SUMI

xii. Write queries to convert ‘abc12efg3’ to ‘abcXYefgZ’ using TRANSLATE.


SELECT TRANSLATE('ABC12EFG3','123','XYZ') FROM DUAL;

TRANSLATE('ABC12EFG3','123','XYZ')
ABCXYEFGZ

xiii. Write a query to convert ‘abc123efg’ to ‘abcPQRefg’ using REPLACE.


SELECT REPLACE('ABC123EFG','123','PQR') FROM DUAL;

REPLACE('ABC123EFG','123','PQR')
ABCPQREFG

xiv. Write a query to concatenate ‘abc’ with ‘def’ using CONCAT.


SELECT CONCAT('ABC','DEF') FROM DUAL;

CONCAT('ABC','DEF')
ABCDEF

xv.ASCII() function:
SELECT ASCII('a'),ASCII('2'),ASCII('Z') FROM DUAL;

ASCII('2'
ASCII('A') ) ASCII('Z')
97 50 90

3.DATE FUNCTIONS:

i. SYSDATE() function:

SELECT SYSDATE FROM DUAL;


SYSDATE
03/12/2023

ii. MONTHS_BETWEEN() function:


SELECT MONTHS_BETWEEN('31 MAR 2009' ,'31 DEC 2008')FROM DUAL;
MONTHS_BETWEEN('03-31-2009','12-31-2008')
3

iii.CURRENT_DATE() function:
SELECT CURRENT_DATE FROM DUAL;

CURRENT_DATE
03/12/2023

iv. ADD_MONTHS() function:


SELECT ADD_MONTHS(DATE '2023-03-03',3)FROM DUAL;

ADD_MONTHS(DATE'2023-03-03',3)
06/03/2023

v.LAST_DAY() function:
SELECT LAST_DAY(DATE '2004-06-19')FROM DUAL;

LAST_DAY(DATE'2004-06-19')
06/30/2004

vi. NEXT_DAY() function:


SELECT NEXT_DAY(DATE '2023-06-19','SATURDAY')FROM DUAL;

NEXT_DAY(DATE'2023-06-19','SATURDAY')
06/24/2023

4.CONVERSION FUNCTIONS:
i.TO_NUMBER() function:
SELECT TO_NUMBER('1234.56') FROM DUAL;

TO_NUMBER('1234.56')
1234.56
ii.TO_CHAR() function:
SELECT TO_CHAR(123456,'09,99,999')FROM DUAL;
Output:
TO_CHAR(123456,'09,99,999')
01,23,456

SELECT TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'DD MONTH,YYYY'),TO_CHAR(SYSDATE) FROM


DUAL;

TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'DDMONTH,YYYY') TO_CHAR(SYSDATE)
12 MARCH ,2023 03/12/2023

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