Core Java Concepts:
1. Data Types, Variables, and Operators
o Primitive Data Types
o Type Casting
o Arithmetic, Logical, and Bitwise Operators
2. Control Structures
o if-else, switch
o for, while, do-while loops
o break, continue, return
3. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
o Classes and Objects
o Constructors
o Inheritance
o Polymorphism (Method Overloading and Overriding)
o Encapsulation
o Abstraction
o Access Modifiers (public, private, protected, default)
4. Exception Handling
o try, catch, finally
o throw and throws
o Custom Exceptions
5. String Manipulation
o String, StringBuilder, and StringBuffer
o String Methods (concatenation, splitting, etc.)
6. Collections Framework
o List (ArrayList, LinkedList)
o Set (HashSet, LinkedHashSet, TreeSet)
o Map (HashMap, TreeMap, LinkedHashMap)
o Stack, Queue, Deque
7. Java I/O
o File Handling (using File, FileReader, FileWriter, BufferedReader, etc.)
o Serialization and Deserialization
8. Multithreading
o Thread Lifecycle
o Creating Threads (Runnable and Thread)
o Synchronization
o wait(), notify(), notifyAll()
9. Generics
o Generic Classes and Methods
o Bounded Type Parameters
o Wildcards (? extends, ? super)
10. Lambda Expressions and Functional Programming
o Functional Interfaces (Runnable, Callable, Comparator)
o Stream API
o Optional Class
11. Java 8 Features
o Stream API
o Optional Class
o Default and Static Methods in Interfaces
12. Annotations
o Built-in Annotations (@Override, @Deprecated, etc.)
o Custom Annotations
13. JVM, JRE, and JDK
o Memory Management (Heap, Stack, Garbage Collection)
o Class Loading Mechanism
14. Reflection API
o Introspection and modifying runtime behavior
15. Packages and Modules
o Creating Packages
o Importing Classes
o Java Modules (module-info.java)
16. Concurrency Utilities
o ExecutorService, Callable, and Future
o CountDownLatch, CyclicBarrier
17. Networking
o Sockets (ServerSocket, Socket)
o HTTP Requests and Responses
18. Database Connectivity
o JDBC (Java Database Connectivity)
o Basic SQL Commands
19. Design Patterns (Basic)
o Singleton
o Factory
o Observer
o MVC
20. Memory Management
o Stack vs Heap Memory
o Garbage Collection
o finalize() method
