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Number of Hops Between 2 Given End Systems

The document defines parameters related to switching networks such as number of hops, message length, data rate, packet size, overhead bits, setup time, and propagation delay. It then asks to calculate the end-to-end delay for circuit switching, virtual-circuit switching, and packet switching given specific values for the parameters.

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Juhi Bansal
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348 views2 pages

Number of Hops Between 2 Given End Systems

The document defines parameters related to switching networks such as number of hops, message length, data rate, packet size, overhead bits, setup time, and propagation delay. It then asks to calculate the end-to-end delay for circuit switching, virtual-circuit switching, and packet switching given specific values for the parameters.

Uploaded by

Juhi Bansal
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Number of hops between 2 given end systems (N) In a switching network a hop means the link between 2 consecutive

nodes. Therefore, number of hops means number of links between 2 given end systems. Message length in bits (L) This is the total number of bits of the message to be sent. Data rate in bits/sec (B) Data rate is the speed with which data can be transmitted from one device to another. Fixed packet size (P) In packet switching, the message to be transmitted is broken into series of packets (parts of a certain size in bytes). This packet contains both data and control information and the total no. of bits in a packet is given by the fixed packet size. Overhead bits per packet (H) In packet switching each packet contains a portion of (or all for a short message) of the users data plus some control information. The control information includes the information that the network requires to be able to route the packet through the network and deliver it to the intended destination. These control information are called overhead bits. Call set-up time (S) -is the overall length of time required to establish a call between terminals using circuit switching or virtual circuit packet switching; i.e. the time from the initiation of a call request to the beginning of the call message. Propagation delay per hop in seconds (D) Once a bit is pushed to onto a link, it needs to propagate to the next node. The time required to propagate from the beginning of a link to the next node is called as propagation delay. The bit propagates at the propagation speed of the link and the propagation speed depends on the physical medium of the link. Propagation delay per hop= (distance between 2 nodes ) / (the propagation speed) Read more: Define the following parameters for a switching network. N = number of hops between two given end systems L = message length in bits B = data rate in bits per second, on all links P = fixed packet size, in bits H = overhead (header) bits per second S = ca | Answerbag http://www.answerbag.com/q_view/102040#ixzz1isHKMEXw

For N=4, L=3200, B=9600, p=1024, H=16, S=0.2, D=0.001, compute the end-to-end delay for circuit, virtual-circuit, and packet switching. Assume there are no acknowledgements, and no queuing delay.

circuit: Latency = SetupTime + TransmitTime + PropagationTime + QueuingDelay = (S) + (Size/Bandwidth) + (N*D) + 0 = S + L/B + N*D= 0.2 + 3200/9600 + 4*0.001 =537ms

packet: Latency = TransmitTime + PropagationTime + QueuingDelay = (Size/Bandwidth) + (N*D) + 0, where Size=(number-of-packets)*(overhead+size-of-packet) = (L/P)*(H+P)/B+N*D=(3200/1024)*(16+1024)/9600+4*0.001=343 ms

virtual circuit: Latency = SetupTime + TransmitTime + PropagationTime + QueuingDelay = (S) + (Size/Bandwidth) + (N*D) + 0, where Size=(number-of-packets)*(overhead+size-of-packet) = S + (L/P)*(H+P)/B + N*D =0.2 + (3200/1024)*(16+1024)/9600 + 4*0.001=543 ms

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