3.2 Functions

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3.2 Functions

Functions Slide

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hasibshahriar04

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CSE1203:

Discrete Mathematics
3.2- Functions

Course Teacher:
Shoeb Mohammad Shahriar
Assistant Professor, Department of CSE, AUST
Functions [Basics]
• A function, f from a set A to a set B associates or assigns exactly one
element b ∈ B to each and every element a ∈ A.
• f is a function from A to B if it is a binary relation defined in the following
way:
f = {(a,b) | a ∈ A ∧ b ∈ B ∧ there exists exactly one b ∈ B,  a ∈ A}

1-2
CSE1203: Discrete Mathematics
Functions [Basics] (Cont.)
• Explanation:
▪ b – the image of a.
a b ▪ a – a preimage of b.
▪ A – the domain of f.
A B ▪ B – the co-domain of f.
f ▪ Range of f : {x | x ∈ B and x is an image of some element of A}

• f is a function from A to B, denoted by f : A → B, and read as ‘f maps A to B’.

• We write, f(a) = b, where a is called the argument of f and b is called the
value of f at a.

1-3
CSE1203: Discrete Mathematics
Functions [Basics] (Cont.)
• Examples-
1) Idealized/ Abstract:

a
1
b
2 ▪ A – the domain of f.
c ▪ B – the co-domain of f.
3
d ▪ Range of f : {a, b, e }
4
e
A B
f

1-4
CSE1203: Discrete Mathematics
Functions [Basics] (Cont.)
• Examples-
2)

A ▪ S1 – Student
1 ▪ S2 – Grades obtained in a Course
B ▪ S1 – the domain of f.
2
C ▪ S2 – the co-domain of f.
3
D ▪ Range of f : {A, C, D }
4 ▪
E f : S1 → S2 It means D is a value
▪ f(1) = D of 1 or, D is the
S1 S2 ▪ f(2) = A ……….. image of 1;
f 1 is a preimage of D

1-5
CSE1203: Discrete Mathematics
Functions [Basics] (Cont.)
• Examples-
3) f(x) = x2 on Z [from Z to Z]

▪ Domain = Co-domain = Z
▪ Range of f : {x | x ∈ Z ^ x = y2, for y ∈ Z }

1-6
CSE1203: Discrete Mathematics
Functions [Basics] (Cont.)
• Not Examples-

a 1 x
b 2 a y
c 3 b z
d 4 c w
c excluded b has multiple images

1-7
CSE1203: Discrete Mathematics
Functions [Basics] (Cont.)
• Not Examples-

𝑦 = ±√𝑥, Not Function

▪ Two Functions
𝑦1 = √𝑥, 𝑦2 = −√𝑥

▪ Domain for both: {x | x ∈ R ^ x ≥ 0}

▪ Range of 𝑦1 : {x | x ∈ R ^ x = x ≥ 0}
▪ Range of 𝑦2 : {x | x ∈ R ^ x = x ≤ 0}

3.2 Functions

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3.2 Functions

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CSE1203:

• f is a function from A to B, denoted by f : A → B, and read as ‘f maps A to B’.

𝑦 = ±√𝑥, Not Function

▪ Domain for both: {x | x ∈ R ^ x ≥ 0}

More on FUNCTION ==> Lec 12-14

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