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PAGE NO.

DATE
TRUST'S
ATHARVA EDUCATIONAL
OF ENGINEERING, MUMBAI
ATHARVA ATHARVA COLLEGE
cOLEGE OF

Name Aaxua Saxfaxe

Roll No. :31
Batch i T5
Branch: SEIT-9.

-4
Assignmcnt
Moclel foy_cn real ife
cQ.LCanstruc Conceptual
application

Balance
Account) Deposit

Accouat Branch Asdreas)

Cocle

Nme) Acldes

Withdrau)al Branch
Eatiby

Acc Numnhe
IESC) (email)
Balance

Loan

Account) Balance)
 a Note on Database Languages
Q 2.k/rite

Ans:
Lang laqes:
Datobcse
lanquag es Useol bo mona
DBMS.
ege, fine,
•Specialized control data in t
anol
maniplte
inteact with the
alow vserS to
D Th |anguA
ese eS
various operations, 6Uch
data bcse bo perform
deletinc, or acdina do
ta.
retrieving, upcatinq
implementing, maun taining, cn
o They are cruci al tor
secUri ty ot the
database.
the
a re
The maun
un types ot dateb asc larguages
fellows:
Data Deini tion Lanquaqes
define anolmodifu
anol the
C):
struture ot dato
• DDL iS Us eol to define vie w5, anl schemos
tables,inlenes,
bae obecs such ontrol the strue tu e ot the datebase
cas

• These co m manls it
itselr not
the data within

key DDL Commands: databade obiects

bo create new
-Creo te: Useol

Alter: Modiies the stucture of an ex)stine latabdse

-
oby'ecl
- Drop: Deletes datebase obiects oermanen
reeorels tom tble a but
- Truncote: Removes all

e taunS the tahle stuc ture,

sDala Manipulaion longuage COML)

the date within dato beSe. a

o DML is 06ed to manioulae

vetieve,insert, moi yi oY delete daa
olt allows vses to

Key OML Commanols:

- Select: Rebieves ola ta om one oY more tobles

- Inseyt:Adds ne o data in to a ta ble.

- U pdlate: Modities eristinc data in a toble

Delete: Removes datd trom e to ble.
 DATE
ATHARVA EDUCATIONAL TRUST'S
MUMBAI
ATHARVA
COLLEGEOF ENGINEERING
ATHARVA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,

Data Contra Langlaqe CDCL)

aro
stored in the clatab dac, pxovidinosecui
eimissions

> Key
- Gran A: Giyes specitic pzivi leoes to U6eY6
Rexpke Remoes soeeidic arxile eqes rom
OY ole.

ThanSac tion Control Languqe CTCLA

bransactions in td hase
• TL
is us e to manaae
either tully
cacla

ensurine that opcYatlons

omple fcd or tullyun olone to moun teein cate

es cll changes mice in khe thansactlan

Commit Sav
la dotahase permcnen t

- Dollback: 2nelaes al chang es mae in the culrent

tianssactian i an
ts cpoint thin a trdnsacttàn to
-SoYe point i Se wi

which you coll roll backlato

- Sot Transoetpn: DeFnespropeies the or crren
trcinsac fton such co
iso lcion le vel.

AStiuc tured clueng Languaqecog

6 Q1 is the stanolarcl Lanuqe usee
with database a d inco peraes
interac tirg
cOmnahS
admost all
IE pxovdes a oni died way toerfoim
Lelata b c e coperatione
 Q3. Exp lein A lqorithm to ma p FR cncl EER molel to

Relational Moc' el.

An S :
- The pocess converline an Enit-Releions hio
o

Enhenceo Fnti hy- Reletionshio CEE) mocdel

to a Relalio ne Model iVolvessystema ticaDy
mapping enities, velaionshle5, clnl theiy attib ules
into relationd datbese schemct elements ihe teobles
(relotios), a tliibes Ceolumms). anel keqs.
- Be low is a simpliie lqorithm tro this ot

tronstormat'oni
EMopping Entiies:
Reoqulor
Steps For each entity in the ER molel, ereate a tuble
-Altribues: Each etlribte of the ehtite becemes
column in the to ble.
• Pimory key Select the entiy's primory key asthe
table s primag key
Example o3)
- En tity: Student (studen t I) Neme,
- Table: Student (S tudent) PRIIARYKEY,
Nime, DoB)
Weak Fntiti es!
•S teo! Create a te ble tor the week enity.
Include the primory key
the owner enti
Foreiqn 2e4
foreign Key in Hhe weak enti ty's tob
le.

of the weale entity is a

Frimary Key: The
its own portial key8 the prma
ey
combinatnry
the ownen entì ty

• Fxample
- Weok Entity: Dependent CDependend Namc,Agc
Fmployec 10)
- Table De pende nt COep endent Hlame, Age,
Fm eloyee lD Fore qn Key. Pimay key (Depencen!
Nom e, Emplay ee 10))
 PAGE NO
ATHARVA EDUCATIONAL TRUST'S DATE

ATHARVA
COLEGE OF ENGINEERING
ATHARVA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, MUMBAI

Mappiag Nelaionshiace

Explain Keys in 2BMS.

Ansi

Bin an Relationshios
-Ad he pxima Xey ot
of ane entitty os
in the athex entiFs
pimoJable
Bing ru I Relations hla
- Add Ehe primary Keyol thc " side as a

in thc table "de

Keg
M
elalionshie
-Create a new table tor the nelabionshipInclude
primay ke qis ntbath partici pang entikres es
the
, scd them
ne )table
EMapping Multi -valuued atlibutes

•Stc pi Createa nea tah le ko repreGe

epreGLNt the mQ4
Valyed akibute

oPimaru keyThe kableshauld contain the pimet

ot kbe oniqnal entity
The mu lti-Valued attribute os epara te
Lomns
he samn bination t both ls the pimay keg

P Mappinq specializat'onGenealizatlon FER Concept)

o Meth l: (rele Se parle Tobles Cve rticel
Pnvtoninq)
each subels.s
-Greate Se porate tables toY
- Jnclu de the primarq key o the duprrclet9s in
e cch 6ubclo sS bor ble as

tedle or At (Horizen tal ationtra

Metho 2- Single
includes alt attribes
- Create a s'le toble that
s s
the superelass ano subcla b
alues deor ctty ibdeg not appli tab le
-Use Null
specdtie endity

8 4 Explain Keys in DBMS

Ans:
-
Keys ensure data UniquenesS
,velationshi,ps; arc

in a data buse
indeqrity in
-Followina are key typs
aPaimoy key' value
o Uniquely identies
each record: no: Null
•Fach tble has ony one primare key
. Ekamylei 6 tuder tiD in a ótudens bcible.

a Conidte key'
iolend te ecorels;
• Attribdes that can uniquelq
choo6en as the pimarg keg
Exam ple i Bo th ShudentD enel Emqil can be

candidate we4t

key
Super
A set od attri btes thed Uniquely tolen liy
attibales
neor Ccan include ertta, non-egoenhal

• Fanple: student 1D an Name boqethe

 ATHARVA
coLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
ATHARVA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, MUMBAI

Aletnade key
key net chasen cs Ehe primat
Keq
•A candialate Hhe
Fxamleit Fmul io not choseo as

Foxeiqh Key

An a.ibute in one bable hat eerence khe

pxima y hed ano ther table bo estah lish

yeladoaships
Fxample suden l)in Fntollment seterenclrep
Sdents
Compasite keq

e ke4 co m pos ed o
A
ar more to attites bhat

koyethe1 ynleAely Lalentty

Fxa le amp
shudenjD CouYe nd D

Fnialments tehte

oFnsures un ique alues la a column kat allaus

NUWL valu es
• Exan lei Phone Number in Customers