9/10/2024

Digital Butterworth Filter Design

using Impulse Invariant Method
@
Sardar Patel Institute of
Technology, Andheri, Mumbai
Dr. Kiran TALELE

Bharatiya Vidya Bhavans’

Sardar Patel Institute of Technology Andheri(w) Mumbai

Dr. Kiran TALELE

Teacher . Instructor . Guide. Mentor . Coach
@ Bharatiya Vidya Bhavans’ Sardar Patel Institute of
Technology Andheri(w) Mumbai

• Associate Professor, Electronics Engineering Department (1997)

• Dean, Students, Alumni & External Relations (2022)

@ Sardar Patel Technology Business Incubator(SP-TBI),

Funded by Department of Science & Technology(DST),
Govt. of India

• Co-ordinator (2015)

@ IEEE Bombay Section

• Treasurer (2020)
• Executive Committee Member (2015)

Digital Butterworth Filter

Design using Impulse
Invarient Method

Kiran.Tulshiram.Vasumati.Talele
 9987030881 [email protected]

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• DIGITAL Butterworth Filter Design using IIM

Ap As wp ws Fs p
wp 
s
ws 
Fs Fs
Ap As p s
Step-1 : Design
Analog Butterworth
Filter Order N
Filter
Normalized LPF
De-normalized H(s)

h(t)
Step-2 : Design
h(n)
DIgital Butterworth
Filter using IIM
H(z)
Dr. Kiran TALELE 9987030881 [email protected] 4

• DIGITAL Butterworth Filter Design using IIM ALGORITHM

Given  Ap As wp ws Fs p s
wp  ws 
Fs Fs
Step-1 Ap As p s
Design
Analog Filter Order N
Butterworth
Filter H(s) Normalized LPF
De-normalized H(s)

Step-2 h(t)
Design
Digital h(n)
Butterworth
Filter H(z) H(z)

Dr. Kiran TALELE 9987030881 [email protected] 5

•DIGITAL Butterworth LPF/HPF Design using IIM

Given Ap As wp ws and Fs

Step-1 : Design Analog Butterworth Filter

(1) Calculate p and s p s
wp  ws 
Fs Fs
 p = wp Fs s = ws Fs

(2) Calculate Filter Order N

s P
LPF P HPF s

Dr. Kiran TALELE 9987030881 [email protected] 6

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(3) Calculate Normalized LPF Transfer Function

Method-1 to find Normalized H(s) for LPF:

LPF Order = N c = 1 rad/sec

(i) ZEROS : No ZEROS
(ii) POLES : To find POLES

 N 1 2 k 
j  
Sk  c e  2N 
For k = 0, 1, 2, . . . . .N

(iii) To find Normalized H(s)

Dr. Kiran TALELE 9987030881 [email protected] 7

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Method-2 to find Normalized H(s) for LPF:

where a0 = aN == 1

  ( k  1)  
 cos  
ak    2N  a
  k   k 1
 sin   
  2N  

Dr. Kiran TALELE 9987030881 [email protected] 8

(4) Calculate Denormalized LPF/HPF Transfer Function

Denomalized LPF Denomalized HPF

H HPF (s)  H LPF (s) S   c

S

Where Analog Cutoff Frequency c is given by,

p
c 
 10 
1
Ap / 10
1 2N

Dr. Kiran TALELE 9987030881 [email protected] 9

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Step-2 : Design Digital Butterworth Filter

By Impulse Invariant Method

H(s)  h(t)  h[n]  H(z)

To Find H(z)
(1) Find h(t) by Inverse LT
(2) Find h[n] by Sampling
(3) Find H(z) by ZT

Dr. Kiran TALELE 9987030881 [email protected] 10

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Example-2:
(a) Design a digital Butterworth filter that satisfies the
following constraint using IIM. Assume T = 1s.

0.9  | H(ejw) |  1 for 0  w ≤ 0.2

| H (ejw) |  0.2 for 0.7   w ≤ 

(b) Draw Realization Diagram of the filter designed in part (a).

Dr. Kiran TALELE 9987030881 [email protected] 11

Example-3 :
An analog domain filter has a transfer function as
given below. Analog filter is to be converted into
digital filter so that its impulse response
characteristics are retained. The sampling frequency
is 100 Hz. Find the transfer function H(z).

b
H (s) 
( s  a) 2  b 2

Dr. Kiran TALELE 9987030881 [email protected] 12

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Example-4 :
A Digital Butterworth is required to meet the
following specifications

• Pass band ripple  1 dB

• Stop band attenuation  40 dB
• Pass band edge = 4 KHz
• Stop band edge = 6 KHz
• Sampling rate = 24 KHz

Find the filter order and cutoff frequency of Digital

Filter if Impulse Invariant Method is used for filter
design.

Dr. Kiran TALELE 9987030881 [email protected] 13

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Example-5 :
Design a second order Butterworth Low Pass filter using
impulse invariance technique.
The cut off frequency required to be 50 Hz and sampling
frequency 500 samples/second.

Show filter realization in appropriate form

Dr. Kiran TALELE 9987030881 [email protected] 14

Example-6 :
A 4th order Digital Butterworth LowPass filter
has cutoff frequency of Wc = 1.14 radians with
Sampling frequency Fs = 1000 Hz.

What will be the cutoff frequency of the

corresponding Analog Butterworth filter if
Impulse Invariant Technique is used for
Transformation ?

Dr. Kiran TALELE 9987030881 [email protected]

21-11-2011 TALELE 15
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Example-7 : We want to design a Discrete Time Low Pass Butterworth

Filter using IIT Method.

The specifications are:

Passband Fpass = 4 kHz, with 0.8 dB ripple;

Stopband Fstop = 4.5 kHz, with 50 dB attenuation;

Sampling Frequency F = 22 kHz.

Determine;

(a) Discrete time Passband (Wp) and Stopband

frequencies (Ws),

(b) Calculated Digital Butterworth Filter Order (N)

Dr. Kiran TALELE 9987030881 [email protected]

21-11-2011 TALELE 16
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Laplace Transform TABLE

v(1) LT { (t) } == 1
1
(2) LT { u(t) } == S

(3) LT  e  at u(t)  == S 1 a
 e  at cos( bt) u(t)  ==
S a
(4) LT ( S  a) 2  b 2

(5) LT  e at Sin ( bt ) u(t)  == b

( S  a)2  b 2

where b is Analog Resonant frequency

Dr. Kiran TALELE 9987030881 [email protected] 17

Z Transform TABLE

z 2  r z cos( w)
z 2  2 r z cos( w)  r 2

rz sin( w)
z 2  2 r z cos( w)  r 2

Kiran TALELE
Dr. Kiran 9987030881
TALELE [email protected]
9987030881 [email protected] 18
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Dr. Kiran TALELE

 Academic : PhD
 Professional :
 Dean-Students, Alumni & External Relations
@ Bharatiya Vidya Bhavans’ Sardar Patel
Institute of Technology (SP-IT), Mumbai
 Co-ordinator @ Sardar Patel Technology
Business Incubator (SP-TBI), Mumbai
 Treasurer-IEEE Bombay Section

091-9987030881 www.talelesir.com [email protected]

https://www.linkedin.com/in/k-t-v-talele/
www.facebook.com/Kiran-Talele-1711929555720263

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• Dr. Kiran TALELE is an Associate Professor in Electronics &

Telecommunication Engineering Department of Bharatiya Vidya Bhavans’
Sardar Patel Institute of Technology, Mumbai with 33+ years experience in
Academics.
• He is a Dean of Students, Alumni and External Relations at Sardar Patel
Institute of Technology, Andheri Mumbai. He is also a Co-ordinator of Sardar
Patel Technology Business Incubator, Mumbai.
• His area of research is Digital Signal & Image Processing, Computer Vision,
Machine Learning and Multimedia System Design.
• He has published 85+ research papers at various national & international
refereed conferences and journals. He has published 22 patents at Indian
Patent Office. One patent is granted in 2021.
• He is a Treasurer of IEEE Bombay Section and Mentor for Startup Incubation &
Intellectual Asset Creation.

• He received incentives for excellent performance in academics

and research from Management of S.P.I.T. in 2008-09. He is a recipient of
P.R. Bapat IEEE Bombay Section Outstanding Volunteer Award 2019.