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14 views24 pages

MMW Chapter 1-Lesson 1

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llanteroezequiel
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GEC 14: Mathematics in the Modern World

CHAPTER 1 : MATHEMATICS IN OUR WORLD


• Patterns and Numbers in
Nature and in the World
• Fibonacci Sequence
Ms. Mayca N. Odeña
Instructor
Intended Learning Outcomes
1. Identify patterns in nature and regularities in
the world.
2. Define Fibonacci Sequence.
3. Solve problems involving Fibonacci sequence.
4. Show appreciation of the use of Mathematics
in real life.
WHAT IS
MATHEMATICS?
Study of
patterns

Art
Mathematics Language
is a /an …

Set of problem- Process of


solving tools thinking

THE NATURE OF MATHEMATICS


WHAT IS A PATTERN?
• Regular
• Repeated
• Recurring forms or designs
• Identify relationships
• Find logical connections to form generalizations
• Predictions
Different Kinds of Patterns
• Patterns of visuals – often unpredictable, never quite repeatable, and
often contain fractals. (Examples: Pinecones, branches and leaves). They
are also visible in self-similar replication.

• Patterns of Flows – Usually found in water.


• Patterns of Movement – (Examples: human walk, scuttling of insects,
flights of birds, wave-like movements of fish, worms and snakes)

• Patterns of Rhythm – Most basic pattern in nature. (Examples:


heartbeat, breathing)
• Patterns of Texture – Quality of a certain object that we sense through
touch.
• Geometric Patterns – Consists of a series of shapes that are typically
repeated.
TYPES OF PATTERNS IN NATURE
1. Symmetry - a harmonious and beautiful proportion of balance
TYPES:
A. Bilateral Symmetry – the left half of a pattern is the same as
the right half.
B. Radial Symmetry – Still looks the same after same after some
rotation.
C. Translational Symmetry – units are repeated and turn out
having identical figures.

Honeycomb
2. Fractals - is a never-ending pattern found in nature. The exact
same shape is replicated in a process called "self similarity."
3. Spiral - is a curved pattern that focuses on a center point and a
series of circular shapes that revolve around it.
3. Waves and Dunes

4. Spots and Stripes 5. Fibonacci in nature


Fibonacci
Sequence
Who is Fibonacci?
• Leonardo Pisano Bogollo (1170-1240)– an Italian
Mathematician
• Nickname: “Fibonacci”, which means
“Son of Bonacci”
• “Bonacci” means good
• November 23 is the “Fibonacci Day”.
• Liber Abaci or “Book of Calculations” (1202)
• Mainly known because of the FIBONACCI SEQUENCE.
Fibonacci Sequence
- A sequence organized in a way a number can be obtained
by adding the two previous numbers.
- Outcome of a mathematical problem about rabbit
breeding
RABBIT PROBLEM: A man put a male-female pair of newly born rabbits in a field. Rabbits take a
month to mature before mating, females give birth to one male-female pair and then mate again.
No rabbits die. How many rabbit pairs are there after one year?

Month No. of
Pairs
1 1
2 1
3 2
4 3
5 5
6 8
Month No. of Pairs
1 1
2 1
3 2
4 3
5 5
6 8
7 13
8 21
9 34
10 55
11 89
12 144
The Fibonacci sequence is the sequence 𝑓1 , 𝑓2 , 𝑓3 , 𝑓4 , … which has its first two
terms 𝑓1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓2 both equal to 1 and satisfies thereafter the recursion formula
𝒇𝒏 = 𝒇𝒏−𝟏 + 𝒇𝒏−𝟐 .

1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, …


𝑓1 𝑓2 𝑓3 𝑓4 𝑓5 𝑓6 𝑓7 𝑓8 𝑓9 𝑓10 𝑓11 𝑓12
𝑓1 + 𝑓2 𝑓2 + 𝑓3 𝑓3 + 𝑓4

For the large nth term where preceding term is not given, we can
use the formula:
𝒏 𝒏
𝟏+ 𝟓 − 𝟏− 𝟓
𝑭𝒏 =
𝟐𝒏 𝟓
Example 1: What is the next three terms of the sequence
2,4,6,10, …

SOLUTION:

𝐹𝑛 = 𝐹𝑛−1 + 𝐹𝑛−2 𝐹𝑛 = 𝐹𝑛−1 + 𝐹𝑛−2 𝐹𝑛 = 𝐹𝑛−1 + 𝐹𝑛−2


𝐹5 = 𝐹5−1 + 𝐹5−2 𝐹6 = 𝐹6−1 + 𝐹6−2 𝐹7 = 𝐹7−1 + 𝐹7−2
𝐹5 = 𝐹4 + 𝐹3 𝐹6 = 𝐹5 + 𝐹4 𝐹7 = 𝐹6 + 𝐹5
𝐹5 = 10 + 6 𝐹6 = 16 + 10 𝐹7 = 26 + 16
𝑭𝟓 = 𝟏𝟔 𝑭𝟔 = 𝟐𝟔 𝑭𝟕 = 𝟒𝟐
Example 1: What is the 20th term of the Fibonacci
Sequence?
Solution:
𝑛 𝑛
1+ 5 − 1− 5
𝐹𝑛 =
2𝑛 5
20 20
1+ 5 − 1− 5
𝐹20 =
220 5
𝑭𝟐𝟎 = 𝟔𝟕𝟔𝟓
ACTIVITY 2:
A. Find the next three terms of the following Fibonacci sequence.
1. 2, 4, 6, 10, …
2. 15, 23, 38, 61, …
3. 35, 60, 95, 155, …
4. 0.11, 2.32, 2.43, 4.75, …
1 3 4 7
5. , , , ,…
11 11 11 11

B. Find the following terms in the Fibonacci Sequence (Show your solution):
1. 𝐹25 2. 𝐹40 3. 𝐹47 4. 𝐹89 5. 𝐹100

C. Answer the following:


1. Why are patterns and numbers important in understanding the natural
world?
2. How do patterns in nature influence your daily life?
THANK YOU!

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