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    Medical Terminology

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    zhimoaras3498

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Medical Terminology

    Uploaded by

    zhimoaras3498
    6 views27 pages

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    6 views27 pages

    Medical Terminology

    Uploaded by

    zhimoaras3498

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 27

    Medical terminology

    By: Dr.Adian Taha Abdullah


    Medical terminology:

     is language that is used to describe anatomical


    structures, processes, conditions, medical
    procedures, and treatments
    Basic word elements:

     Prefix
     Root
     Suffix
     Combining vowel
    • Prefix: appears at the beginning of a medical
    term and usually indicates a location, direction,
    type, quality, or quantity.
    Common Prefixes in Medical Terms
    Word Root

    • Main part or foundation of a word.


    • All words have at least one word root.
    • A word root may be used alone or combined with other
    elements to form a complete word.
    Word Root Examples:

    • “dent” means tooth


    • “dermat” means skin
    • “cardi” means heart
    • “gastr” means stomach
    • “pancreat” means pancreas
    Suffixes

    • A suffix is added to the END of a word root or combining form to


    modify its meaning.

    • may indicate a specialty, test, procedure, function, disorder, or


    status.
    Common Suffixes in Medical Terms
    Combining form:
    The combination of a word root and a vowel is known as a
    COMBINING FORM

    The combining vowel is usually an “o”, but others may be


    used.
    Combining form meaning

    bi/o life
    Carcin/o cancer
    Cardi/o heart
    Chem/o chemical
    • Compound form:

    • When a word has more than one root, a combining


    vowel is used to link the root to each other.

    • IE: osteoarthritis

    • oste/ o / arthr/ itis


    Cardiovascular system
    The circulatory system is composed of the heart and
    the blood vasculature: the arteries and the veins.

    Function:
    Arteries carry blood away from the heart, and veins
    carry blood back to the heart.

    Circulating blood supplies cells throughout the body


    with oxygen and removes waste carbon dioxide.
    Heart:
    • The heart is located between the lungs, with its point, or apex, directed toward the
    inferior and left.

    • The wall of the heart consists of three layers Moving from the innermost to the
    outermost layer:
    1. Endocardium—a thin membrane that lines the chambers and valves (the prefix
    endo- means “within”).

    2. Myocardium—the thick muscle layer that makes up most of the heart wall (the root
    my/o means “muscle”).

    3. Epicardium—a thin membrane that covers the heart


    Vascular system:
    The vascular system consists of:

    1. Arteries that carry blood away from the heart


    2. Arterioles: vessels smaller than arteries that lead into
    the capillaries
    3. Capillaries: the smallest vessels, through which
    exchanges take place between the blood and the tissues
    4. Venules: small vessels that receive blood from the
    capillaries and drain into the veins
    5. Veins that carry blood back to the heart
    Common prefixes Common suffixes
    peri around itis inflammation

    inter between megaly enlarged


    sclerosis hardening
    endo Inner
    tension Pressure
    extra Outside of
    spasm Involuntary
    hypo insufficient muscle
    contraction
    hyper excessive
    stenosis narrowing
    tachy fast
    pathy disease
    brady Slow
    Roots for heart:

    Root Meaning Example Definition


    Cardi/o Heart cardiomyopathy any disease of
    the heart
    muscle
    Atri/o atrium atriotomy surgical incision
    of an atrium

    Ventricul/o Ventricle supraventicular above a


    ventricle
    Roots for vessels
    Root Meaning Example Definition
    Vas/o vessel vasospasm Sudden contraction of a
    vessel
    Arteri/o artery endarterial within an artery
    Arteriol/o Arteriole arteriolar pertaining to an arteriole
    Aort/o aorta aortoptosis downward displacement
    of the aorta
    Ven/o vein venous Pertaining to a vein
    Phleb/o vein phlebotomy Incision of a vein to
    withdraw blood
    Common terms related to heart anatomy
    Terms Medical definition

    Blood Specialized fluid circulating inside


    blood vessels.
    Atrium The upper chamber of the heart.
    Ventricle The lower chamber of the heart.
    Valves Parts of heart acting like doors.
    Semilunar(SL) valves Valves separating ventricles from
    large vessels.
    Pulmonary valve (SL)Valve between the right
    ventricle and pulmonary artery.
    Aortic valve (SL)Valve between the left
    ventricle and the aorta.
    Atrioventricular(AV) valve Valves between the atria and the
    ventricles.
    Tricuspid valve Valve between right atrium and
    ventricle.
    Bicuspid valve Valve between left atrium and
    ventricle.
    Anatomy cont.

    Sinoatrial(SA) node Heart’s natural pacemaker.


    Atrioventricular(AV)node Electrical relay station between
    upper and lower chambers.
    Epicardium Outermost protective layer of heart
    Endocardium Innermost layer of the heart.
    Myocardium Muscle layer of the heart.
    Cardiovascular disorders
    Term Definition
    Arrhythmia Any abnormality in the rate or rhythm of the heartbeat
    arteriosclerosis Hardening (sclerosis) of the arteries, with loss of capacity and loss
    of elasticity.
    cerebrovascular Sudden damage to the brain resulting from reduction of blood
    accident (CVA) or flow.
    stroke
    Dyspnea Difficult or labored breathing (-pnea)
    embolism Obstruction of a blood vessel by a blood clot or other masses
    carried in the circulation

    embolus A mass carried in the circulation(blood clot, air, fat,bacteria..)


    edema Swelling of body tissues caused by the presence of excess fluid.

    Infarct An area of localized tissue necrosis (death) resulting from a


    blockage or a narrowing of the artery that supplies the area
    Ischemia Local deficiency of blood supply caused by circulatory obstruction
    Terms related to cv system patholoy
    myocarditis Inflammation of heart muscle

    endocarditis Inflammation of the inside lining of


    heart

    pericarditis Inflammation of the lining around


    the heart
    angitis Inflammation of a vessel
    angiostenosis Narrowing of a vessel
    angiospasm Involuntary muscle contraction of
    vessel smooth muscles
    murmur Abnormal sound in addition to
    normal heart sound
    palpitation Pounding ,racing heart beats
    cyanosis Bluesh discoloration of skin and/or
    mucous membranes.
    pathology cont.
    tachycardia Fast heart rate heart rate>100BPM

    Brady cardia Slow heart rate, heart rate<60BPM

    phlebitis Inflammation of a vein

    thrombophlebitis Inflammation of a vein resulting in


    blood clot formation

    Hypertension High blood pressure

    hypotension Low blood pressure

    Varicose vein Swollen, distended vein


    Lymphatic system

    is a group of organs, vessels and tissues that protect


    you from infection and keep a healthy balance of
    fluids throughout your body.

    Lymphatic system organs include your bone marrow,


    thymus, spleen, lymph nodes and Mucosa-
    associated lymphoid tissue (MALT).
    Root Meaning example Definition
    Lymph/o Lymph, lymphatic lymphoid resembling lymph or
    system lymphatic tissue

    Lymphaden/o Lymph node lymphadenitis Inflammation of a lymph


    node
    Lymphangi/o Lymphatic vessel lymphangiogram Xray of lymphatic vessel
    Splen/o spleen splenalgia Pain in the spleen
    Thym/o Thymus athymia Absence of the thymus
    Tonsil/o tonsil tonsillar Pertaining to tonsil
    Lymphedema swelling of tissues due to accumulation of protein-rich
    fluid.
    lymphoma Any neoplastic disease of lymphoid tissue
    lymphangitis Inflammation of lymphatic vessels
    lymphocytosis Higher than normal numbers of lymphocytes in your
    body
    Lymphatic filariasis This is a parasitic infection that causes the lymphatic
    system to malfunction.

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