- desperate (adj): very serious or bad: tuyệt vọng

Eg: The situation is desperate - we have no food, very little water and no medical supplies.
- initiate (v): to cause something to begin: khởi xướng
Eg: The council initiates its own studies and carries out research at the request of private organizations.
- substantial (adj): large in size, value, or importance: lớn lao, đáng kể
Eg: The findings show a substantial difference between the opinions of men and women.
- preservative (n): a chemical used to stop food from decaying: chất bảo quản
Eg: This bread is completely free from artificial preservatives.
- mandatory (adj): Something that is mandatory must be done, or is demanded by law: bắt buộc phải được
thực hiện hoặc được pháp luật yêu cầu:
Eg: Athletes must undergo a mandatory drugs test before competing in the championship.
- contemporary (adj): existing or happening now, and therefore seeming modern: đương đại
Eg: I wanted to update my kitchen and put in something more contemporary.
- complementary (adj): useful or attractive together: bổ sung
Eg: We provide a service that is essentially complementary to that of the banks.
- contradictory (adj): If two or more facts, pieces of advice, etc. are contradictory, they are very different from
each other: mâu thuẫn
Eg: I keep getting contradictory advice - some people tell me to keep it warm and some tell me to put ice on it.
- unfamiliarity (n): the fact of having no knowledge or experience of something: sự không quen thuộc; không
biết gì về
Eg: So there were potential barriers to successful teamwork caused by unfamiliarity with the service.
- disregard (v): to ignore something: coi thường
Eg: He told us to disregard everything we'd learned so far and start again.
- as easy as pie: very easy: dễ
Eg: For Judy, getting a pilot’s license was easy as pie – she seemed to have a natural talent for it.
- in the interest(s) of: in order to get, achieve, increase etc: vì mục đích
Eg: The political march was banned in the interests of public safety.
- (just) to be on the safe side: being especially careful in order to avoid something unpleasant: để đảm bảo an
toàn, tránh những rủi ro, nguy hiểm
Eg: I'm sure it won't rain, but I'll take an umbrella to be on the safe side
- statement (n): a record of the amounts of money paid into and taken out of your bank account during a
particular period of time:
e.g: Check you statement and see if the money has been taken from your bank account.
- overdraft (n): an amount of money that a customer with a bank account is temporarily allowed to owe to
the bank, or the agreement that allows this: số tiền chi trội
Eg: Research shows that 58% of students have an overdraft.
- fits and starts: periods of activity mixed with periods when nothing happens: một việc làm không đều, thất
thường, từng đợt một
Eg: The reform process has proceeded in fits and starts.
- safe and sound: completely safe and without injury or damage: bình an vô sự
Eg: After three days lost in the mountains, all the climbers arrived home safe and sound.
- sixes and sevens: in a confused, badly organized, or difficult situation: lộn xộn, bối rối, lung tung
Eg: We've been at sixes and sevens in the office this week.
- song and dance: a long and complicated statement or story, sometimes one that is not true: mô ̣t câu chuyê ̣n
hay mô ̣t kế hoạch tỉ mỉ để giải thić h hay biê ̣n hô ̣ cho mô ̣t điề u gi,̀ hay để đánh lừa người khác
Eg: She gave me some song and dance about how busy she is.
- get/ find sb’s bearings: to discover your exact position: biết rõ mình đang ở đâu, nắm rõ hoàn cảnh bạn đang
như thế nào đặc biệt là tình cảnh mới và lạ với bạn; hiểu rõ mọi thứ diễn ra xung quanh bạn
Eg: The road system was so complicated that we had to stop to get our bearings several times.
- flex sb’s muscle(s): to try to worry an opponent or enemy by publicly showing military, political,
or financial power: thể hiện/phô trương sức mạnh
Eg: The parade is the first sign of the new regime flexing its military muscles.
- pull no punches/ not pull any/your punches: to speak in an honest way without trying to be kind: hành động
không kiềm chế, không giới hạn
Eg: Her image is that of an investigative reporter who doesn't pull any punches.
- spread sb’s wings: to use your abilities for the first time in your life to do new and exciting things: tự do trải
nghiệm điều mới/ vận dụng khả năng bản thân, làm điều mình muốn
Eg: She'd been working for the same company for 15 years and it was time to leave and spread her wings.
- ornamental (adj): beautiful rather than useful: để trang trí
Eg: The handles on each side of the box are purely ornamental
- proceed (v): to continue as planned: tiến hành
Eg: Preparations for the festival are now proceeding smoothly.
- enclosure (n): the act of putting fences around land: rào đất đai lại
Eg: An early example of privatization was the enclosure of public land for use by wealthy landlords.
- reserve (v): to keep something for a particular purpose or time: dành cho
Eg: These seats are reserved for the elderly and women with babies.
- chief (adj): most important or main: chủ yếu, chính
Eg: The chief problem we have in the area now is the spread of disease.
- major (adj): more important, bigger, or more serious than others of the same type: chủ yếu; lớn
Eg: There are two problems with this situation, one major, one minor.
- abolition (n): the act of ending an activity or custom officially: sự huỷ bỏ, bãi bỏ
Eg: He fought for abolition of the death penalty in Britain.
- elimination (n): by removing from several possible answers the ones that are unlikely to be correct until only
one is left: sự loại ra, loại trừ
Eg: We eventually found the answer by a process of elimination.
- suppression (n): the act of preventing something from being seen or expressed or from operating: sự đàn áp,
sự nén lại
Eg: You are not succeeding in suppressing these people by proclamations, suppressions of newspapers and
deportations of leaders.
- bring about: to cause: dẫn đến
Eg: His disregard for danger brought about his death
- come about: Xảy đến, xảy ra
Eg: The meeting came about because both sides were sick of fighting.
- give (one) an/the edge over (someone or something): to cause one to be in a favorable or superior position
when compared to someone or something else: có lợi thế hơn
Eg: I don't want to do anything that might give Sarah an edge over me in this competition.