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Answers For Computer Graphics and Animation

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87 views7 pages

Answers For Computer Graphics and Animation

Uploaded by

Oluwole Olusola
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Answers for com 422

IBADAN CITY POLYTECHNIC, IBADAN


DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE, COMPUTER
ENGINEERING AND ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC
ENGINEERING
SECOND SEMESTER EXAMINATION
AUGUST 2024
COURSE CODE: COM 422
COURSE TITLE: Computer Graphics and Animation
DURATION: 2 HOURS
INSTRUCTION: ANSWER FIVE (5) QUESTIONS

1a. Provide a comprehensive explanation of computer graphics including the


purpose and origin.

Answer

*Purpose:*
Computer graphics is the field of study and application of creating visual content
using computers. Its primary purpose is to generate and manipulate visual
information, such as images, videos, and 3D models, for various applications,
including:

1. Entertainment (movies, video games, and virtual reality)


2. Education (simulations, visualizations, and interactive learning)
3. Scientific visualization (data representation and analysis)
4. Design and architecture (product design, interior design, and urban planning)
5. Advertising and marketing (visual effects, motion graphics, and branding)

*Origin:*
Computer graphics has its roots in the 1950s and 1960s, when computers were
first used to generate simple graphics and animations. The field evolved rapidly in
the 1970s and 1980s, with the development of:

1. Vector graphics (using mathematical equations to draw shapes)


2. Raster graphics (using pixels to represent images)
3. 3D graphics (creating three-dimensional models and animations)

Key milestones include:

1. 1963: The first computer-generated image was created by Ivan Sutherland.


2. 1973: The first 3D graphics program, “Hidden-Line,” was developed.
3. 1982: The first computer-animated film, “Tron,” was released.

*Subfields:*
Computer graphics encompasses several subfields, including:

1. *Geometric modeling*: Creating 3D models using mathematical equations.


2. *Rendering*: Generating images from 3D models using lighting, shading, and
texturing.
3. *Animation*: Creating motion and movement in graphics.
4. *Visualization*: Representing data graphically for analysis and understanding.
5. *Virtual reality* (VR) and *augmented reality* (AR): Immersive and interactive
environments.

*Techniques and Tools:*

Computer graphics employs various techniques and tools, including:

1. *Algorithms*: Mathematical procedures for generating and manipulating


graphics.
2. *Programming languages*: Such as C++, Java, and Python.
3. *Graphics libraries*: Like OpenGL, DirectX, and WebGL.
4. *Software*: Including Blender, Maya, 3ds Max, and Adobe Creative Cloud.
5. *Hardware*: Graphics processing units (GPUs), graphics cards, and display
devices.

1b. List and explain any five applications of computer graphics.

Answer
Here are some applications of computer graphics:
1. _Architecture and Real Estate_: Visualize building designs, create virtual
tours, and showcase properties.

2. _Product Design and Manufacturing_: Design, prototype, and showcase


products using 3D modeling and rendering.

3. _Film and Video Production_: Create special effects, animate characters,


and edit videos.

4. _Video Games_: Develop immersive games with 3D graphics, animations,


and interactive environments.

5. _Medical Imaging and Healthcare_: Visualize patient data, create 3D


models for surgery, and develop training simulations.

6. _Advertising and Marketing_: Create engaging visuals, animations, and


interactive ads.

7. _Education and Training_: Develop interactive simulations, 3D models, and


virtual labs.

8. _Scientific Visualization_: Illustrate complex data, create 3D models, and


animate simulations.

9. _Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR)_: Create immersive


experiences for entertainment, education, and training.

10._Geographic Information Systems (GIS)_: Visualize geographic data, create


3D maps, and analyze spatial information.

11._Fashion and Textile Design_: Create digital fabrics, design clothing, and
showcase fashion collections.

12._Automotive and Aerospace_: Design, test, and visualize vehicles and


aircraft using computer-aided design (CAD) and simulation.
1c. Explain various graphics software standards and graphics function.

Answer
Here are some common graphics software standards and their functions:

*Raster Graphics Standards:*

1. *BMP (Bitmap)*: Uncompressed image format, supports 1-32 bits per pixel.
2. *JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group)*: Compressed image format, suitable
for photographs.
3. *PNG (Portable Network Graphics)*: Compressed image format, supports
transparency and lossless compression.
4. *GIF (Graphics Interchange Format)*: Compressed image format, supports
animations and transparency.

*Vector Graphics Standards:*

1. *SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics)*: XML-based format for 2D graphics, supports


scalability and animation.
2. *EPS (Encapsulated PostScript)*: PostScript-based format for vector graphics,
supports printing and editing.
3. *AI (Adobe Illustrator)*: Proprietary format for vector graphics, supports
editing and manipulation.

*3D Graphics Standards:*

1. *OBJ (Object File Format)*: Text-based format for 3D models, supports


geometry and texture information.
2. *STL (STereoLithography)*: Binary format for 3D models, supports geometry
and texture information.
3. *FBX (Filmbox)*: Proprietary format for 3D models, supports geometry,
texture, and animation information.

*Graphics Functions:*

1. *Rendering*: Generating 2D images from 3D models or scenes.


2. *Modeling*: Creating 3D models from scratch or editing existing ones.
3. *Animation*: Creating motion and animation in 2D or 3D graphics.
4. *Texturing*: Applying surface details and materials to 3D models.
5. *Lighting*: Simulating light sources and effects in 3D scenes.
6. *Compositing*: Combining multiple images or elements into a single image.
7. *Editing*: Modifying and manipulating existing graphics, such as resizing,
cropping, or retouching.

These standards and functions are used in various graphics software applications,
such as Adobe Photoshop, Illustrator, Blender, Maya, and 3ds Max, to create,
edit, and manipulate graphics for various industries and purposes.

2a. What is your interpretation of Image and Image processing.

Answer
A digital image is a representation of a visual scene or object, captured or
generated using digital technology. It consists of a 2D array of pixels, each with a
specific color and intensity value.

Image processing refers to the manipulation and analysis of digital images using
algorithms and techniques to enhance, transform, or extract information from the
image. It involves various operations, such as:

1. _Image Enhancement_: Improving image quality, contrast, and brightness.


2. _Image Restoration_: Removing noise, blur, or other distortions.
3. _Image Transformation_: Rotating, scaling, cropping, or flipping images.
4. _Image Segmentation_: Dividing an image into regions or objects.
5. _Image Feature Extraction_: Identifying and extracting specific features, such as
edges, shapes, or textures.
6. _Image Recognition_: Identifying objects, patterns, or scenes within an image.

Image processing has numerous applications in:

1. _Computer Vision_: Enabling computers to interpret and understand visual


data.
2. _Medical Imaging_: Analyzing and visualizing medical images for diagnosis and
treatment.
3. _Surveillance_: Monitoring and analyzing video feeds for security and safety.
4. _Quality Control_: Inspecting products and detecting defects.
5. _Art and Design_: Creating and manipulating digital art, graphics, and designs.

Some common image processing techniques include:

1. _Filtering_: Applying filters to remove noise or enhance features.


2. _Thresholding_: Converting images to binary or grayscale.
3. _Edge Detection_: Identifying edges and boundaries.
4. _Image Compression_: Reducing image file size while maintaining quality.

These techniques and applications rely on various algorithms, mathematical


models, and computational methods to process and analyze digital images.

2b. List and explain any five input devices used in graphics.
2c. Differentiate between raster scan and random scan displays.

3a. Differentiate between Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD) and Cathode Ray Tube
(CRT).
3b. Can you share your insight on Vector Drawing, including the tools used to
create and edit Vector shape and it’s uses.

4a. How do you define Action panel and what do you believe are it’s most
significant features.
4b. What is an Action scripting and it’s uses.

5a. Explain the steps involved in


1. Adding Picture
2. Adding scene
3. Adding animation to an object
5b. What is the difference between traditional hand-drawn animation and
computer-generated 2D animation?

6a. How do you create a believable walk cycle in 2D animation?


6b. What is the role of timing and spacing in 2D animation?
6c. How do you create a 3D model from a 2D design?
6d. What is the role of lighting in 3D animation?

7a. How do you define Cinematography.


7b. What is the difference between animation for film, TV, and video games?
7c. How do you plan and storyboard an animation sequence?
7d. What is the role of visual effects in computer animation?

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