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    Chemistry Investigatory File Session 2024-25

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    jellsjushi2123
    class 12 chemistry investigatory file

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    Chemistry Investigatory File Session 2024-25

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    jellsjushi2123
    4 views11 pages
    class 12 chemistry investigatory file

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    Chemistry investigatory file session 2024-25

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    class 12 chemistry investigatory file

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    4 views11 pages

    Chemistry Investigatory File Session 2024-25

    Uploaded by

    jellsjushi2123
    class 12 chemistry investigatory file

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 11

    Baluni public school

    Chemistry
    Investigatory File
    Topic: Preparation of Potash Alum
    from Scrap Aluminium

    Submitted By: Submitted To:


    Deepak Mrs. Rekha
    Gautam Pgt - Chemistry
    Content
    1. AIM
    2. introduction
    3. uses
    4. THEORY
    5. Chemical Equations
    6. requirement
    7. procedure
    8. observation
    9. RESULT
    10. BIBLIOGRAPHY
    Certificate
    This is to certify that Deepak Gautam of Class
    12 has successfully completed the Chemistry
    project on the topic “Preparation of Potash
    Alum from Scrap Aluminium” for class XII
    practical examination of the Central Board of
    Secondary Education in the year 2024-25 .It is the
    further certified that this project is the individual
    work of the candidate.

    ___________________ _______________________
    Signature of The Teacher Signature of External Examiner
    Acknowledgement
    I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude
    to my Physics Teacher as well as our principal who
    gave me the golden opportunity to do this wonderful
    project which also helped me in doing a lot of
    Research and I came to know about so many new
    things I am really thankful to them.

    Secondly, I would also like to thank my parents and


    friends who helped me a lot in finalizing this project
    within the limited time frame.

    _____________________

    Name of the Student


    Aim :
    To prepare potash alum from aluminium scrap

    Introduction :
    Aluminium because of its low density, high tensile strength and resistance
    to
    corrosion, it is widely used for the manufacture of aero planes, automobiles,
    lawn furniture as well as for aluminum cans.
    Being good conductor of electricity, it is used for transmission of
    electricity.
    Aluminium is also used for making utensils. The recycling of aluminium cans

    and other aluminium products is a very positive contribution to save our

    natural resources.

    Most of the recycled aluminium is melted and recast into other


    aluminium
    metal products or used in the production of various aluminium compounds,

    the most common of which are the alums. Alums are double sulphates having

    the general formula

    X2SO4.M2(SO4)3.24H2O

    Where,

    X : Monovalent cation

    M : Trivalent metal

    L Some important alums and their names are given below:

    K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O - Potash Alum

    Na2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O - Soda Alum

    K2SO4.Cr2(SO4)3.24H2O - Chrome Alum

    (NH4)2SO4.Fe2(SO4)3.24H2O - Ferric Alum


    Uses :
    Potash alum is used in papermaking, in fire extinguishers, in food stuffs
    and
    in purification of water. Soda alum is used in baking powders and chrome

    alum is used in tanning leather and water proofing fabrics.

    In addition to these primary uses, alum is also used as follows :


    An astringent :
    A substance or preparation, that draws together or consricts body tissues
    andis effective in stopping the flow of blood or other secretions. Alum
    has also

    been used by conventional haridressers for treating shaving cuts.

    A mordant :
    Substances used in dyeing to fix certain dyes on cloth. Either the mordant
    (if it is colloidal) or a colloid produced by the mordant adheres to the
    fibre,

    attracting and fixing the colloidal mordant dye. The insoluble, coloured

    precipitate that is formed is called a lake. Alum is a basic mordant used for

    fixing acid dyes.

    For the removal of phosphate from natural and waste waters :


    The aluminium ions of alum combine with the orthophosphate around pH
    6 to form the solid aluminium hydroxyphosphate which is precipitated.

    For fireproofing fabrics:


    The major use of alums are based on two important properties, namely
    precipitation of Al(OH)3 and those related to the acidity created by the

    production of hydrogen ions.


    Al(H2O) +3 → Al(OH)  +3H O + 3H+
    2 6 3 2

    The H+ ions generated are used for reacting with sodium bicarbonate to
    release CO2. This property is made use of in baking powder and CO2
    fire

    extinguishers.
    Theory :
    Aluminum metal is treated with hot aqueous KOH solution. Aluminium
    dissolves as potassium aluminate salt, KAl(OH)4.

    Potassium aluminate solution on treatment with dil. sulphuric acid first

    givesa precipitate of Al(OH)3, which dissolves on addition of small excess of

    H2SO4followed by heating.

    The resulting solution is concentrated to near saturation and cooled. On


    cooling, crystals of potash alum crystallize out.

    Chemical Equations :
    2Al(s) + 2KOH(aq) + 6H2O(l) → 2KAl(OH)4 (aq) + 3H2

    K2SO4(aq) + Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 24H2O(l) →K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.


    24H2O

    2Al(OH)3(s) + 3 H2SO4(aq) → Al2(SO4)3(aq) +6H2O(l)

    2KOH(aq) + H2SO4(aq) → 2Al(OH)3(s) + K2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l)

    K2SO4(aq) + Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 24H2O(l) →K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.


    24H2O
    Requirements :
    250 ml flask

    Funnel

    Beaker

    Scrap aluminium or cola can

    Potassium hydroxide solution (KOH)

    6 M Sulphuric Acid (H2SO4)

    Water Bath

    Ethanol

    Procedure :

    Clean a small piece of scrap aluminium with steel wool and cut it
    into verysmall pieces. Aluminium foil may be taken instead of scrap
    aluminium.

    Put the small pieces of scrap aluminium or aluminium foil(about


    1.00g) into aconical flask and add about 50 ml of 4 M KOH
    solution to dissolve the

    aluminium.
    The flask may be heated gently in order to facilitate dissolution. Since

    duringthis step hydrogen gas is evolved this step must be done in a

    well ventilated area.

    Continue heating until all of the aluminium reacts.

    Filter the solution to remove any insoluble impurities and reduce the

    volume to about 25 ml by heating.

    Allow the filtrate to cool. Now add slowly 6 M H2SO4 until insoluble

    Al(OH)3just forms in the solution.

    Gently heat the mixture until the Al(OH)3 precipitate dissolves.

    Cool the resulting solution in an ice-bath for about 30 minutes


    whereby alum crystals should separate out. For better results the
    solution may be leftovernight for crystallization to continue.
    In case crystals do not form, the solution may be further
    concentrated and cooled again.

    Filter the crystals from the solution using vacuum pump, wash the

    crystalswith 50/50 ethanol-water mixture.

    Continue applying the vacuum until the crystals appear dry.

    Determine the mass of alum crystals.


    Observations :

    Mass of aluminium metal = 2.39 g


    Mass of potash alum =4.67 g
    Theoretical yield of potash alum =5.43
    Percent yield =86 %

    Result :

    Potash alum was prepared from aluminium scrap.


    Bibliography
    http : //www.cbseportal.com
    Wikipedia
    chemicalland.com
    books.google.co.in
    Chemistry Ncert Textbook Class 12

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