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XHTML Vs HTML

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XHTML Vs HTML

Notes

Uploaded by

aljockzz99
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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XHTML VS HTML

http://www.tutorialspoint.com/xhtml/xhtml_vs_html.htm Copyright © tutorialspoint.com

Due to the fact that XHTML is an XML application, certain practices that were perfectly legal in
SGML-based HTML 4 must be changed. You already have seen XHTML syntax in previous chapter,
so differences between XHTML and HTML are very obvious. Following is the comparison between
XHTML and HTML.

XHTML Documents Must be Well-Formed


Well-formedness is a new concept introduced by XML. Essentially, this means all the elements
must have closing tags and you must nest them properly.

CORRECT: Nested Elements

<p>Here is an emphasized <em>paragraph</em>.</p>

INCORRECT: Overlapping Elements

<p>Here is an emphasized <em>paragraph.</p></em>

Elements and Attributes Must be in Lower Case


XHTML documents must use lower case for all HTML elements and attribute names. This
difference is necessary because XHTML document is assumed to be an XML document and XML is
case-sensitive. For example, <li> and <LI> are different tags.

End Tags are Required for all Elements


In HTML, certain elements are permitted to omit the end tag. But XML does not allow end tags to
be omitted.

CORRECT: Terminated Elements

<p>Here is a paragraph.</p><p>here is another paragraph.</p>


<br><hr/>

INCORRECT: Unterminated Elements

<p>Here is a paragraph.<p>here is another paragraph.


<br><hr>

Attribute Values Must Always be Quoted


All attribute values including numeric values, must be quoted.

CORRECT: Quoted Attribute Values

<td rowspan="3">

INCORRECT: Unquoted Attribute Values

<td rowspan=3>

Attribute Minimization
XML does not support attribute minimization. Attribute-value pairs must be written in full. Attribute
names such as compact and checked cannot occur in elements without their value being
specified.
CORRECT: Non Minimized Attributes

<dl compact="compact">

INCORRECT: Minimized Attributes

<dl compact>

Whitespace Handling in Attribute Values


When a browser processes attributes, it does the following −

Strips leading and trailing whitespace.

Maps sequences of one or more white space characters includinglinebreaks to a single inter-
word space.

Script and Style Elements


In XHTML, the script and style elements should not have “<” and “&” characters directly, if they
exist; then they are treated as the start of markup. The entities such as “<” and “&” are
recognized as entity references by the XML processor for displaying “<” and “&” characters
respectively.

Wrapping the content of the script or style element within a CDATA marked section avoids the
expansion of these entities.

<script type="text/JavaScript">
<![CDATA[
... unescaped VB or Java Script here... ...
]]>
</script>

An alternative is to use external script and style documents.

The Elements with id and name Attributes


XHTML recommends the replacement of name attribute with id attribute. Note that in XHTML 1.0,
the name attribute of these elements is formally deprecated, and it will be removed in a
subsequent versions of XHTML.

Attributes with Pre-defined Value Sets


HTML and XHTML both have some attributes that have pre-defined and limited sets of values. For
example, type attribute of the input element. In HTML and XML, these are called enumerated
attributes. Under HTML 4, the interpretation of these values was case-insensitive, so a value of
TEXT was equivalent to a value of text.

Under XHTML, the interpretation of these values is case-sensitive so all of these values are defined
in lower-case.

Entity References as Hex Values


HTML and XML both permit references to characters by using hexadecimal value. In HTML these
references could be made using either &#Xnn; or &#xnn; and they are valid but in XHTML
documents, you must use the lower-case version only such as &#xnn;.

The <html> Element is a Must


All XHTML elements must be nested within the <html> root element. All other elements can have
sub elements which must be in pairs and correctly nested within their parent element. The basic
document structure is −

<!DOCTYPE html....>
<html>
<head> ... </head>
<body> ... </body>
</html>
Loading [MathJax]/jax/output/HTML-CSS/jax.js

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