Arduino Color Detection

By mjrovai in CircuitsMicrocontrollers

Introduction: Arduino Color Detection

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This is a simple tutorial, where we will explore how to read colors using an Arduino and sensors as the TCS 3200.
The idea will be to detect an object color, displaying it on an LCD. This project will a component of a bigger project
that will be a Robot Arm that will select a proper action based on object's color. The above block diagram shows the
main components.

The video bellow shows the final project working:

 Arduino Color detection

Step 1: BoM
The bellow links and price are for reference only.

1. Arduino Nano (US$ 8.00)

2. TCS3200 Color Sensor Module (US$ 9.00)
3. IIC/I2C/TWI 1602 Serial Blue Backlight LCD Module (US$ 8.00)
4. Breadboard (US$ 2.00)
5. Cables
Step 2: The TSC 3200 Color Sensor

As described on its Datasheet, the TCS3200 is a programmable color light-to-frequency converters that combine
configurable silicon photodiodes and a current-to-frequency converter on a single monolithic CMOS integrated
circuit.

The output is a square wave (50% duty cycle) with frequency directly proportional to light intensity (irradiance). The
full-scale output frequency can be scaled by one of three preset values via two control input pins (S0 and S1). Digital
inputs and digital output allow direct interface to a microcontroller or other logic circuitry.

Output enable (OE) places the output in the high-impedance state for multiple-unit sharing of a microcontroller input
line. In the TCS3200, the light-to-frequency converter reads an 8 x 8 array of photodiodes.

Sixteen photodiodes have blue filters,

16 photodiodes have green filters,
16 photodiodes have red filters, and
16 photodiodes are clear with no filters.

Pins S2 and S3 are used to select which group of photodiodes (red, green, blue, clear) are active. Photodiodes are
110 μm x 110 μm in size and are on 134-μm centers.
The OE (Enable) should be connected to GND (LOW).

The Sensor as it si encapsulated should be powered between 2.7 and 5.5VDC. We will use the 5V Arduino output to
power the sensor.

In order to properly use the sensor, we will install a small rubber ring to isolate the sensor from lateral light. I used
hot glue to fix it.

Step 3: Connecting the HW

1. Install the Arduino Nano at BreadBoard

2. Connect the Nano 5V output and GND at both Power Rails
3. Connect the TSC3200 Sensor as bellow:

S0 ==> Nano pin D4

S1 ==> Nano pin D5

S2 ==> Nano pin D6

S3 ==> Nano pin D7

OUT ==> Nano Pin D8

EN ==> GND

VCC ==> +5V

GND ==> GND

4. Connect the I2C LCD 2/16 Serial Display:

SDA ==> Nano Pin A4
SCL ==> Nano Pin A5
Step 4: The Arduino Code

The first thing to define is the frequency scaling as defined at the table showed above. Pins S0 and S1 are used for
that. Scaling the output frequency is useful to optimize the sensor readings for various frequency counters or
microcontrollers. We will set S0 and S1, both in HIGH (100%):
digitalWrite(s0,HIGH);
digitalWrite(s1,HIGH);

Next thing to do is to select the color to be read by the photodiode (Red, Green, or Blue), we use the control pins S2
and S3 for that. As the photodiodes are connected in parallel, setting the S2 and S3 LOW and HIGH in different
combinations allows you to select different photodiodes, as showed at above table.

digitalWrite(s2, LOW);
digitalWrite(s3, LOW);
red = pulseIn(outPin, LOW); // Reading RED component of color

digitalWrite(s2, HIGH);
digitalWrite(s3, HIGH);
grn = pulseIn(outPin, LOW); // Reading GREEN component of color

digitalWrite(s2, LOW);
digitalWrite(s3, HIGH);
blu = pulseIn(outPin, LOW); // Reading BLUE component of color

On the final code, we will read a few times each one of the RGB components and take an average, so we can reduce
the error if one of the readings are bad.

Once we have the 3 components (RGB), we must define what color is that. The way to do it to previously calibrate the
project. You can use a known colored test paper or object and read the 3 components generated.

You can start with mine, changing the parameters for your level of light:
void getColor()
{
readRGB();
if (red > 8 && red < 18 && grn > 9 && grn < 19 && blu > 8 && blu < 16) color = "WHITE";
else if (red > 80 && red < 125 && grn > 90 && grn < 125 && blu > 80 && blu < 125) color = "BLACK";
else if (red > 12 && red < 30 && grn > 40 && grn < 70 && blu > 33 && blu < 70) color = "RED";
else if (red > 50 && red < 95 && grn > 35 && grn < 70 && blu > 45 && blu < 85) color = "GREEN";
else if (red > 10 && red < 20 && grn > 10 && grn < 25 && blu > 20 && blu < 38) color = "YELLOW";
else if (red > 65 && red < 125 && grn > 65 && grn < 115 && blu > 32 && blu < 65) color = "BLUE";
else color = "NO_COLOR";
}

As you can see above I have predefined 6 colors: White, Black, Red, Green, Yellow, Blue. As the ambient light goes
down, the parameters tend to go higher.

Inside the loop(), I define display the readings at LCD each 1 second.

The complete code can be found on my GitHub:

https://github.com/Mjrovai/Color-Detector
Step 5: Conclusion

As always, I hope this project can help others find their way in the exciting world of electronics, robotics, and IoT!

Please visit my GitHub for updated files:

Color Detector

For more projects, please visit my blog: MJRoBot.org

Saludos from the south of the world!

See you at my next instructable!

Thank you

Marcelo