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    CHLDV 135 Module 11

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    kimoda freelancer
    NOTES

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    CHLDV 135 Module 11

    Uploaded by

    kimoda freelancer
    4 views25 pages
    NOTES

    Original Title

    CHLDV 135 MODULE 11

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    NOTES

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    4 views25 pages

    CHLDV 135 Module 11

    Uploaded by

    kimoda freelancer
    NOTES

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 25

    CHLDV 135

    MIDDLE CHILDHOOD - BIOSOCIAL


    DEVELOPMENT
    Introduces definitions & dimensions
    MIDDLE CHILDHOOD
    • Period between early childhood and early
    adolescence, approximately from ages 6 to
    10
    • Time when fatal diseases or accidents are
    rare; the healthiest years of the life span
    • Safeguarded by genetic and environmental
    factors
    Death at an Early Age?
    Almost Never!
    Health
    Challenges
    • Asthma
    ⚬ Chronic respiratory disease in which
    inflammation narrows airways, making
    breathing difficult
    ⚬ Frequent school absence impedes
    learning
    ⚬ Can be caused by genetics or
    environment
    • Obesity
    ⚬ A BMI above 95th percentile for children
    ⚬ Currently affects more than 20% of U.S.
    children
    ⚬ Genetics and lifestyle are factors
    ⚬ Can have negative effects on health and
    self-esteem
    PREVALENCE OF OBESITY
    • Exercise improves brain function.
    • Fine motor skills vary by gender.
    MOVEMENT AND ⚬ May be influenced by gendered activities
    • Family physical activity leads to better health.
    THE BRAIN (PART 1) • National values and income disparity discourage
    some U.S. children from exercising.
    • Cultural values also affect fitness levels.
    MOVEMENT AND THE
    BRAIN (PART 2)
    • Academics and motor skills
    ⚬ Physically, writing aids in learning to
    read.
    ⚬ Making music may help brain
    development.
    • Physical activity improves intellectual
    functioning.
    ⚬ Selective attention: The ability to
    concentrate on some stimuli while
    ignoring others
    ⚬ Reaction time: The time it takes to
    respond to a stimulus, physically or
    cognitively
    Neurodiversity
    1 Each person has neurological strengths and
    weaknesses that should be appreciated.

    Neurodiversity
    Aptitude
    and
    Intelligence
    2 Potential to master a skill or body of knowledge

    Achievement
    3 • What is actually attained
    • Measured by comparison with peers
    Intelligence Stanford-Binet
    Tests Alfred Binet sought to measure
    inborn intellectual aptitude.

    Determine IQ (intelligence quotient)


    “G” (General Intelligence)
    Intelligence is one basic trait,
    underlying all cognitive abilities.

    Intellectual developmental disorder


    (IDD)
    Diagnosed when a child’s IQ is below
    70 without any obvious reason
    Theoretical Distribution of IQ Scores
    Plasticity and Intelligence

    Criticism of IQ tests Theory of multiple intelligences Flynn effect


    Aptitude is not a fixed characteristic. Human intelligence is composed of a The rise in average IQ scores over
    varied set of abilities. decades in many nations
    Enables racist and ableist practices
    Howard Gardner’s nine intelligences
    Change in Average Achievement of
    Scientific Reasoning
    Scanning the Brain
    Almost all neuroscientists agree with the following.

    1. Brain development reflects experiences. A brain scan is accurate only at the moment.
    2.Dendrites form and myelination changes throughout life. Middle childhood is crucial,
    but developments before and after these years are also significant.
    3.Diagnosis and treatment of children with disorders based on atypical brain patterns
    may be helpful.
    4.Each individual brain functions in a particular way. Atypical is not necessarily better
    or worse.
    Distinct Educational Needs (part 1)
    Four general principles of age and context

    01 Abnormality is normal.
    02 Disability changes
    year by year.

    03 Plasticity and 04 Diagnosis and


    compensation are treatment reflect the
    widespread. social context.
    Distinct Comorbid
    Educational The presence of two or more unrelated disease
    conditions at the same time in the same person
    Needs Many children have premorbid conditions.

    Equifinality
    A basic principle of developmental
    psychopathology that holds that one
    symptom can have many causes

    Multifinality
    A basic principle of developmental
    psychopathology that holds that one cause
    can have many (multiple) final manifestations
    MANY CAUSES,
    MANY
    SYMPTOMS
    ATTENTION-
    DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER
    (ADHD)
    • A condition characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention and/or by
    hyperactive or impulsive behaviors; ADHD interferes with a person’s functioning
    or development
    • Rate of diagnosis has increased worldwide
    • Issues include misdiagnosis, drug misuse, and typical behaviors considered
    pathological
    DIAGNOSED
    WITH ADHD
    Dyslexia
    Unusual difficulty with reading; thought to be the
    result of some neurological underdevelopment

    SPECIFIC
    LEARNING
    DISORDERS Dyscalculia
    Unusual difficulty with math, probably
    A marked deficit in a particular area of learning originating from a distinct part of the brain
    that is not caused by an apparent physical or
    intellectual disability or by an unusually stressful
    home environment

    Dysgraphia
    Difficulty in writing
    Autism Spectrum
    Disorder

    • A developmental disorder marked by difficulty with social communication and interaction —


    including difficulty seeing things from another person’s point of view — and restricted, repetitive
    patterns of behavior, interests, or activities
    • Includes Asperger’s syndrome (people who are highly verbal but have social challenges)
    • Diagnosis helps people and their families understand and accept their neurodiversity.
    • Early diagnosis can result in early treatment.
    • Signs of ASD appear in early infancy
    ⚬ No social smile
    ⚬ Less gazing at faces and eyes
    • Caused by biology, not family nurture
    AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER
    HYPOTHESES OF CAUSES

    • “Refrigerator mother” (disproven)

    • Vaccines (disproven)

    • Environment contains more toxins for the fetus

    • Pregnant people ingest more toxins


    SPECIAL EDUCATION (PART 1)

    • Individual education plan (IEP)


    ⚬ A document that specifies educational goals and plans for a
    child with intellectual disabilities
    ⚬ Most remain in class (mainstreaming/inclusion)
    • Response to intervention (RTI)
    ⚬ An educational strategy intended to help children who
    demonstrate below-average achievement in early grades,
    using special intervention
    CHANGING
    LABELS
    SPECIAL EDUCATION (PART 2)
    Early intervention
    • Treatment too late is “wait-to-fail” approach
    • Children diagnosed with ASD by age 2 fare better
    than those diagnosed later because their brains are
    more plastic.
    Segregating children with intellectual developmental
    disorders may lead to less learning.
    THANK YOU

    [email protected] Office Hours: TH 3:00 pm

    Berger, Kathleen Stassen. The Developing Person Through Childhood & Adolescence. 13th ed., Worth Publishers, 2024.

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