2 ch07 DFD
2 ch07 DFD
Chapter 7:
Data Flow Diagram
Structuring System Process Requirements
Chapter 7 in Modern System Analysis and Design Book.
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Overview
✦ Process Modeling and Data Flow Diagrams (DFDs).
✦ The differences between current physical, current logical, new physical, and new
logical DFDs.
✦ Select among Structured English, decision tables, and decision trees for
representing processing logic.
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Process Modeling
✦ A technique for graphically representing the processes that are used to capture,
manipulate, store, and distribute data;
Process Modeling
Deliverables and Outcomes
✦ Context data flow diagram (DFD).
▪ Shows the scope of a system (i.e., a top-level view).
✦ Often DFDs are created showing the current physical and logical
system.
▪ It enables analysts to understand how the current system operates.
DFD Symbols
✦ Data flow from a process to a data store means update (insert, delete or change).
Functional Decomposition
✦ An iterative process of breaking a system description down into finer and finer detail.
DFD Levels
✦ Context DFD
▪Overview of the organizational system.
✦ Level-0 DFD
▪Representation of system’s major processes at high
level of abstraction.
✦ Level-1 DFD
▪Results from decomposition of Level 0 diagram.
✦ Level-n DFD
▪ Results from decomposition of Level n-1 diagram.
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Context Diagram
of Hoosier Burger’s food ordering system
Level-0 DFD
Level-1 DFD
Level-n DFD
DFD Balancing
✦ The conservation of inputs and outputs to a data flow process when that process is
decomposed to a lower level.
✦ Balanced means:
▪ Number of inputs to lower level DFD equals number of inputs to associated process
of higher-level DFD.
Unbalanced DFD
Context Diagram
Balanced DFD
input 1
outputs 3
Context Diagram
Balanced DFD
Level-0 Diagram
1 input
4 outputs
Level-1 Diagram
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▪ Each component must be fully described in the project dictionary or CASE repository.
✦ Consistency
▪ The extent to which information contained on one level of a set of nested DFDs is also
included on other levels.
✦ Timing
▪ Best to draw DFDs as if the system has never started and will never stop.
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▪ Analyst should expect to redraw diagram several times before reaching the closest
approximation to the system being modeled.
✦ Primitive DFDs
▪ When each process has been reduced to a single decision, calculation or database operation.
▪ When the system user does not care to see any more detail.
▪ When every data flow does not need to be split further to show that data are handled in
various ways.
▪ When you believe that you have shown each business form or transaction, online display and
report as a single data flow.
▪ When you believe that there is a separate process for each choice on all lowest-level menu
options.