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Copyright © 2018 by McGraw-Hill Education (Publisher). All rights
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 ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS

About the Authors

Kathy Sierra was a lead developer for the SCJP exam for Java 5 and Java 6.
Kathy worked as a Sun “master trainer,” and in 1997, founded
JavaRanch.com, the world’s largest Java community website. Her bestselling
Java books have won multiple Software Development Magazine awards, and
she is a founding member of Oracle’s Java Champions program.
These days, Kathy is developing advanced training programs in a variety
of domains (from horsemanship to computer programming), but the thread
that ties all of her projects together is helping learners reduce cognitive load.

Bert Bates was a lead developer for many of Sun’s Java certification exams,
including the SCJP for Java 5 and Java 6. Bert was also one of the lead
developers for Oracle’s OCA 7 and OCP 7 exams and a contributor to the
OCP 8 exam. He is a forum moderator on JavaRanch.com and has been
developing software for more than 30 years (argh!). Bert is the co-author of
several best-selling Java books, and he’s a founding member of Oracle’s Java
Champions program. Now that the book is done, Bert plans to go whack a
few tennis balls around and once again start riding his beautiful Icelandic
horse, Eyrraros fra Gufudal-Fremri.

Elisabeth Robson has an MSc in Computer Science and was a software

programmer and engineering manager at The Walt Disney Company for
many years. Since 2012 she has been a freelance writer and instructor. She
produces online training and has written four best-selling books, including
Head First Design Patterns (O’Reilly).

About the Technical Review Team

This is the fifth edition of the book that we’ve cooked up. The first version
we worked on was for Java 2. Then we updated the book for the SCJP 5,
again for the SCJP 6, then for the OCA 7 and OCP 7 exams, and now for the
OCA 8 and OCP 8 exams. Every step of the way, we were unbelievably
fortunate to have fantastic JavaRanch.com-centric technical review teams at
our sides. Over the course of the last 15 years, we’ve been “evolving” the
book more than rewriting it. Many sections from our original work on the
Java 2 book are still intact. On the following pages, we’d like to acknowledge
the members of the various technical review teams who have saved our bacon
over the years.

About the Java 2 Technical Review Team

Johannes de Jong has been the leader of our technical review teams forever
and ever. (He has more patience than any three people we know.) For the
Java 2 book, he led our biggest team ever. Our sincere thanks go out to the
following volunteers who were knowledgeable, diligent, patient, and picky,
picky, picky!
Rob Ross, Nicholas Cheung, Jane Griscti, Ilja Preuss, Vincent Brabant,
Kudret Serin, Bill Seipel, Jing Yi, Ginu Jacob George, Radiya, LuAnn
Mazza, Anshu Mishra, Anandhi Navaneethakrishnan, Didier Varon, Mary
McCartney, Harsha Pherwani, Abhishek Misra, and Suman Das.

About the SCJP 5 Technical Review Team

Andrew
Bill M.

Burk
Devender

Gian
 Jef

Jeoren

Jim
Visit https://testbankfan.com
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Johannes

Kristin
Marcelo

Marilyn
 Mark

Mikalai

Seema
 Valentin

We don’t know who burned the most midnight oil, but we can (and did)
count everybody’s edits—so in order of most edits made, we proudly present
our Superstars.
Our top honors go to Kristin Stromberg—every time you see a
semicolon used correctly, tip your hat to Kristin. Next up is Burk Hufnagel
who fixed more code than we care to admit. Bill Mietelski and Gian Franco
Casula caught every kind of error we threw at them—awesome job, guys!
Devender Thareja made sure we didn’t use too much slang, and Mark
Spritzler kept the humor coming. Mikalai Zaikin and Seema Manivannan
made great catches every step of the way, and Marilyn de Queiroz and
Valentin Crettaz both put in another stellar performance (saving our butts
yet again).

Marcelo Ortega, Jef Cumps (another veteran), Andrew Monkhouse, and

Jeroen Sterken rounded out our crew of Superstars—thanks to you all. Jim
Yingst was a member of the Sun exam creation team, and he helped us write
and review some of the twistier questions in the book (bwa-ha-ha-ha).
As always, every time you read a clean page, thank our reviewers, and if
you do catch an error, it’s most certainly because your authors messed up.
And oh, one last thanks to Johannes. You rule, dude!

About the SCJP 6 Technical Review Team

 Fred

Marc P.
Exploring the Variety of Random
Documents with Different Content
 Mr. Grant had sent him by his Baillie in Urquhart Twelve miles
benorth Inverness a Letter to the Baillie from Angus M‘Donald son to
Glengarry,[528] Dated September the 30th, ordering the Tenants in
that Country to Join his Standart (as he called it) and threatening in
case of Disobedience to burn the Country, and was afterwards
advised by the Baillie by a letter of October 8th that he had been
prevented by the said Angus M‘Donald from Marching into
Strathspey as Mr. Grant had ordered him with such of the Tenants as
were willing to follow him, and that the Country would be ruined in
ten Days. These Letters Mr. Grant answered October 6th and 10th,
exhorting them to continue stadefast to the Government, ordering
the Baillie to bring the Men to Strathspey, and engaging himself to
repair all the Damage the Rebells should do them if they complyed
with his order (App. No. 10, 11, 12, 13).[529]
Mr. Grant received a Letter from Lord Loudoun, October 11th
(App. No. 14th),[530] acquainting him of his arival to command the
Troops with one from Lord President, October 12th, Desiring him to
bring the Company together, and to have them ready to march at a
Call, and as many men as Mr. Grant could arm to have them ready
on any Exigency if they were called out and adds ‘Ways and Means
shall be fallen on to subsist them’ (App. No. 15),[531] and October
16th (App. No. 16),[532] Mr. Grant assures Lord Loudoun that he
would exert himself to do everything in his power for his Majestys
service under his Lordships Direction and Advice, acquaints him of
his having sent a party to Banffshire to stop levying cess for the
Pretender (which effectually did at that time), and gives him notice
that the Company was ready at a Call.
October 22d and 23d Mr. Grant received from John Grant his
Chamberlain or Steward in Urquhart Two letters, Dated 21st and 22d
October (App. No. 17 and 18),[533] Aquainting him that Glengarry’s
son, M‘Donald of Barrisdale, Glenmoriston and the Master of Lovat,
were come to force out his Tenents in Urquhart, and threatned to
carrie away their whole Cattle, if they did not Join. That upon the
Chamberlains assuring them, that Mr. Grant would make good all
their Damages The Tenants absolutely refused to Join and resolved
to oppose the M‘Donalds, should they attempt to carry off their
Cattle, tho they were not able to resist both them and the Frasers,
and aquainting him also of a Dispute between the Master of Lovat
and Barrisdale which of them had the best title to these Tenents. The
Master insisting that he had the best right to them except such of
them as were of the name of M‘Donald whom he willingly yielded to
Barrisdale, and that this Dispute had superseded the execution of
their Threatnings Till it should be decided by Lord Lovat.
That Mr. Grant looked upon this as of the utmost immportance to
the Government, that the King’s Faithfull subjects who were
Determined even at the hazard of their lives and the whole of their
little Fortunes to persevere in their Loyalty, should not suffer to be
Dragged against their wills into the Rebellion and that too within
Twelve miles of Inverness. He was at the same time aware, That
Lord Loudoun who had then got no more than one of the new
Companys the Monroes, not having yet called for the Grants, had
not a force sufficient to leave Inverness, and to march against such
Numbers as might be brought to oppose him, and as Urquhart is
Distant about fourty miles from Castle Grant, There was no time to
Deliberate, or to receive Lord Loudon’s Directions. Mr. Grant
therefore forthwith assembled his friends to the number of betwixt six
and seven Hundred tho many of them were ill armed, and Marched
for Inverness in his way to Urquhart having Recommended to Lord
Deskfoord to give notice of his March and the Design of it by
Express to the Earl of Loudoun and Lord President, and to begg that
Lord Loudoun would order Quarters to be provided for the men at
Inverness. But upon Saturday the 26th James Grant of Dell one of
the Tenants in Urquhart met Mr. Grant upon his march with Accounts
that the Rebells had Left Urquhart, and marched Northward to the
country of Assint, and Mr. Grant thought himself Lucky that they had
done so; for about the same Time The answer to Lord Deskfoords
Letter signed by both Lord Loudoun and Lord President Dated
October 26th (App. No. 19)[534] was brought him by Express
‘Wishing that Mr. Grant had Communicated to them his Design,
before he set out with such numbers, which might have the effect to
begin Horseplay before they were sufficiently prepared.’ And upon
Receipt of this Letter Mr. Grant Dismissed his men except about 100
that he constantly Keept partly about his House and partly in some
proper passes or Inlets to his Country.
November 3d Mr. Grant got a Letter from Lord Lewis Gordon in
the Pretender’s name (App. No. 20),[535] Desiring Mr. Grants
allowance at least his connivance to raise men. Mr. Grant would not
see the Messenger and ordered such a verbal answer to be given
him as his Message Deserved, but being at the same Time Informed
of Lord Lewis’s practices in Strathavin and of his Designs on
Kincardine,[536] an Estate upon Speyside belonging to the Duke of
Gordon, Mr. Grant raised about 200 men more and marched them to
Abernethy lying betwixt Strathaven and Kincardine, and thereby not
only prevented Lord Lewis from forcing out any men in Kincardine,
but also obliged him to retreat from Strathavin, and give over for that
time his recruiting there.
November 7th Mr. Grant Received a Letter from Lord Loudoun,
Dated Nov. 5 (App. No. 21),[537] commending the Company of
Grants that had been sent to him, and if Mr. Grant should need any
assistance against Lord Lewis Gordon, promising all he could give
him and at the same time got a letter from the President of the same
Date, (App. No. 22),[538] and to the same effect. And in this Letter he
for the first time made an offer to Mr. Grant of another Company and
desired him to name the officers.
By this Time the Gentlemen in Strathspey heard it Reported that
the Laird of M‘Leod was to have no less than four companys, and
began to complain that Mr. Grant had accepted of even one
Company; Therefore instead of giving an answer in writing Mr. Grant
chose to go to Inverness about November 10th and found that about
400 M‘Leods were already come to the neighbourhood of Inverness
tho’ it was then said that 200 were to be employed and the rest to
return Home.
Mr. Grant told Lord Loudoun and Lord President, that all his
Friends were in perfect good Humour, and readie to venture their
Lives and Fortunes in the service, and that it was of the outmost
consequence to him to preserve that good spirit among them. That
he found great Danger of Creating Jealousys and Animositys among
them by raising the first Company, tho’ there would have been no
Danger nor Difficulty in raising four or five. But as the Country was
now in Great Ferment the Danger of Disobligeing many Gentlemen
of his name would now be much greater should he accept of another
Company, and thereby have the naming of the officers and no more.
However upon their continuing to urge it Mr. Grant agreed to take it
to consideration till he should return to Strathspey, and converse with
the Gentlemen of the Country about it.
After Returning to Strathspey the Gentlemen had got certain
accounts that M‘Leod had got four Companys, besides another to be
given to his cousin M‘Leod of Genzies, and therefore cou’d not be
persuaded to agree to Mr. Grants accepting of only one which they
thought a very partial Distribution, and Mr. Grant by his Letter 29th
November, whereof (vide the Coppy App. No. 23d),[539] aquainting
the Lord Loudoun of their Resolutions; ‘but at the same time asured
his Lordship that the whole body of the clan should be ready upon a
few days notice to go upon any Duty under his Lordships eye or
Command, that his Lordship should think for his Majesty’s service.’
In the same letter Mr. Grant after aquainting Lord Loudoun of the
Great outrages the Rebells were committing in the shires of Banff
and Aberdeen and noticing of what Importance it would be to relieve
these Countys, and especially the Town of Aberdeen, from so
grievous oppression, beggs to have his Lordships commands and
promises in five Days after Receiving his Lordships Orders to march
with five or Six Hundred men to Aberdeen to restore the peace of
those parts. Mr. Grant now felt the disadvantage of having accepted
even of one Company; the want of 100 good men and of 100
broadswords and Pistols that he had at Lord Loudouns desire
furnished them must have been a considerable loss in such an
Expedition, however he thought himself strong enough without them
for any body of the Rebells that he heard was in Aberdeenshire but
as he could not forsee whether they might not be reinforced from
Perth, therefore in that letter he also suggests that in case of any
Reinforcements being sent from Perth to Aberdeen, it might be
proper to send Captain Grants Company to his assistance, and
hoped that in his absence Lord Loudoun would Protect his Country.
Lord Loudoun however did not think proper to give Mr. Grant
these orders (and very likely he Judged better than Mr. Grant) for by
his answer, December 2d (App. No. 24),[540] he aquaints Mr. Grant
of an Expedition he was going upon, which would take him a few
days. After which he proposed to march along the Coast for the
Relief of that country, where, if it should prove necessary, he would
expect and begg Mr. Grant’s assistance.
Earl of Findlater and Mr. Grant had repeated advices from
Banffshire, particularly from the Earl of Findlaters Chamberlain and
Mr. Grant of Auchynanie[541] of the oppressive demands made on
the people of that country of men and Money, and Military Execution
threatned, in case of Refusal and that December 10th was fixed for
commencing such military Execution att Keith. Lord Findlater had
thereupon, December 9th, wrote to Lord Loudoun and in his absence
to Lord President begging relief and Mr. Grant had given assurance
to Auchynanie of Assistance how soon such violences should be
begun, and December 11th at night he had a letter from Auchynanie
of that days date, that they were already begun, and Lord Findater
had one from his Chamberlain[542] much to the same purpose (vid.
App. No. 25, 26, 27).[543] No Return was come from Lord Loudoun
or the President, and there was ground from their former Letters to
presume, that Lord Loudoun was then upon another Expedition, and
immediate relief seemed to be absolutely necessary. Mr. Grant
thought therefore that he might be justly blamed by the Government
as well as by his Friends in that Country should he stay tamely at
home, waiting for orders from Lord Loudoun, and suffer them in the
meantime to be ruined. Therefore he brought together 5 or 600 men
and with them marched, December 12th, from Castle Grant, whereof
he then acquainted Lord Loudoun by Express (App. No. 28th),[544]
‘That he proposed to be next night at Keith and endeavour to come
up with Lord Lewis Gordons party, wherever they were, and that he
would continue in that country with a force sufficient to keep the
peace until he should receive his Lordships further Directions.’
 The weather was so excessive bad and rainy that Mr. Grant by
Mid Day of Saturday, the 14th, had got no further than Auflunkart
within four miles of Keith, where he got Intelligence that upon notice
of his March the Rebells had left Keith and gone to Fochabers. Mr.
Grant therefore halted there that day to refresh his men and clean
their arms, and there he received a Letter from Lord Findlater of
December 13th (App. No. 29),[545] covering Lord Presidents answer
to his Lordship, Dated December 11th (App. No. 30),[546] which
came to Castle Grant only the 13th. In that Letter he Informs Lord
Findlater that on the 10th five or six hundred men had marched from
Inverness towards Aberdeen by Elgin for the Relief of these
Countys. That they were quickly to be followed by Lord Loudoun with
as many more if needfull, and by a further force if it shall be wanted.
At the same time he had some accounts that Lord Loudoun was
come to Murray, and that the Rebells had brought the boats on Spey
to the East or Fochabers side of the River; Wherefore Mr. Grant sent
a party of an hundred men who secured the boat of Bridge[547]
which is two miles further up the River and by Express aquainted Sir
Harry Innes[548] at Elgin of what he had done, and Desired him to
ask whether Lord Loudoun had any Commands for him, and that
night he cantoned his men at Auflunkart Mulbain and adjacent
villages.
Next morning Sir Harrie Innes came to him with a Letter from
M‘Leod (App. No. 31),[549] Expressing ‘his joy at the news of the
Grants being there, and aquainting him that he was at Elgin to
attempt to pass Spey to assist in Protecting that country. That he
heard the passage was to be Disputed, and that the Rebells had
gathered all the boats at Bogg[550] to the East side, and that he was
perswaded that Mr. Grants moving that way would Disperse them,
and open that passage, which otherwise might be hazardous.’ (Vide
Mr. Grants answer, App. No. 32.)[551]
Upon Receipt of this letter Mr. Grant marched towards
Fochabers, but when he came within Two Miles of it, accounts were
brought him, that on his approach the Rebells retired from it through
the Enzie. Mr. Grant apprehending that they might have gone to
Cullen, and taken Possession of Lord Findlaters House Detached a
Party thither who took possession of it and the Town and prevented
a party of the Rebells that had been sent thither for that purpose,
and sent some gentlemen to wait of M‘Leod who passed the River
without any opposition, and Mr. Grant again that night billetted his
men, much in the same place they were the night before.
The Gentlemen sent to M‘Leod Brought Mr. Grant word, that he
was to remain that night at Fochabers, and to march the next day the
16th to Cullen, wherefore Mr. Grant marched next day to Keith, and
after Quartering his men and placing advance Guards some miles
further towards Strathboggie, where he heard the main body of the
Rebells was, he went himself to Cullen to assist the Deputy Sheriffs
in accomodating M‘Leod and his men. For which purpose Mr. Grant
had got a Commission of Sheriff Depute from Lord Findlater, and on
the 17th returned back to Keith.
Mr. Grant aquainted M‘Leod of the Letter he had wrote to Lord
Loudoun, and of his purpose to remain at Keith till further orders; but
M‘Leod was very earnest with him to go forward, and was of opinion
that he would receive orders to do so.
Upon Mr. Grants Return to Keith a Messenger brought him a
Letter from Lord Lewis Gordon with a printed Declaration by Lord
John Drummond and a printed Letter signed Marshall (App. No. 33).
[552] These papers joined with what M‘Leod had said Determined Mr.
Grant to go at least to Strathboggie, and therefore returned a verbal
answer by the Messenger who brought the Letter, ‘That if Lord Lewis
with his men would be at Strathbogie, next Day at 12 o’clock Mr.
Grant and his men should there give them the answer, which he was
Determined should be proclaimed over the Cross and affixed upon
it.’ He immediately aquainted M‘Leod by Express of his Design and
that night got his answer (App. No. 34),[553] with a letter from
Captain Monro of Culcairne from Fochabers.
December 18th Mr. Grant marched to Strathboggie and upon his
approach the Rebells fled, and there he made the Proclamation
(App. No. 35)[554] and affixed it upon the most publick places and
provided quarters for the Two Companys that Culcairn was bringing,
fully Determined if he was not countermanded to proceed forward in
Aberdeenshire as far as he could do any service to the Government,
or give any assistance to M‘Leod, when on the 19th he received a
letter from Lord Loudoun and another from Lord Deskfoord, both
dated at Inverness December 14th (App. No. 36, 37),[555][556] which
pretty plainly apeared to Mr. Grant to be a Rebuke tho’ in very
modest and polite terms for his undertaking that Expedition without
orders and that Lord Loudoun, as he thought he had provided
sufficiently for that service without Mr. Grant, he wished him rather to
return than to proceed further, tho’ he wou’d give him no orders
because he had given him none to go there. He therefore Resolved
to return to Keith of which he aquainted Culcairne then at
Strathboggie, as he did also M‘Leod by express, vid. his Letter with
M‘Leods answer—(App. No. 38, 39).[557][558]
Mr. Grant therefore Immediately returned to Strathspey but that
as he apprehended that when M‘Leod was gone forward some small
partys of the Rebells (whereof he had heard of severalls that could
be formed in one Days time) might give Disturbance to the Country,
he ventured even without orders to leave a party of 60 men at his
house in Mulbain within Two miles of Fochabers, of which however
he acquainted Lord Loudoun after his return to Castle Grant by a
Letter, December 24th (App. No. 40),[559] wherein he renewed his
offer of Employing his whole Clan, wherever Lord Loudoun should
think they could be of any service to the Government, and that small
party happened afterwards to be of good use after the Unlucky
Disaster that happened to M‘Leods party at Inverury by securing the
boats upon Spey to make good their Retreat. December 25th Mr.
Grant received a letter from Sir Harrie Innes dated 24th December
(App. No. 41),[560] with an Account of the Disaster at Inverury,[561]
and that M‘Leod was come to Elgin and by his orders Desiring Mr.
Grant to have his men ready to oppose Lord Lewis Gordon, and at
least to secure the boats upon Spey, and Sir Harry presses Mr.
Grant to march his men the length of Rothes to the Protection of
Murray, and December 29th he received Two letters one from the
Magistrates of Elgin and another from Sir Harrie Innes, Dated
December 28th, aquainting him that M‘Leod had marched to Forres
and that by their Intelligence they Expected Lord Lewis Gordon with
500 men, and therefore begging Mr. Grant to come to protect them.
Mr. Grant so far comply’d as to secure the Boats; but after the two
reproofs he already got he did not think that he could be Justified if
he should march his men a third time, without orders from Lord
Loudoun, who surely could best judge when it was proper to employ
his men. Therefore he wrote to the Magistrates his opinion, that Lord
Lewis would not venture to Cross Spey while Lord Loudoun was so
near him and he Mr. Grant above him, but that he could not promise
to march any body of men but in concert with and by the Direction of
Lord Loudoun (App. 42),[562] and he could not help being pleased
that he had given such an answer when afterwards he Received
another letter from Sir Harry Innes wrote that same night, December
28th (App. No. 43),[563] and Lord Loudouns Letter, December 30th
(App. No. 44),[564] in answer to Mr. Grants to him of the 24, wherein
he writes Mr. Grant, that he could not yet undertake any new
operation; But that how soon he should find it proper to undertake
any thing of moment towards the East, he should aquaint Mr. Grant
in order to Concert together the most effectual way of Doing it.
January 9th, 1746, Mr. Grant wrote to my Lord Loudoun by
James Grant his Chamberlain of Strathspey (App. No. 45),[565]
concerning some new attempts that were made to force his Tenents
of Urquhart into the Rebellion. The reason of sending his
Chamberlain was that he might explain to my Lord the particulars
and receive his Lordships orders which he was directed to obey, and
in that Letter after giving him some further Intelligence Mr. Grant
writes as follows:—
‘I think it my Duty to take nottice to your Lordship that the Rebells
are exerting themselves in every corner of the North to encrease
their army. I therefore think it absolutely necessary that all the
Friends of the Government should use their utmost efforts to
Disconcert and Disperse them. I had a meeting yesterday with all the
Gentlemen of this Country and I can assure your Lordship we wait
only your Lordships order and Directions, and there is nothing in our
power but we will do upon this Important occasion for the service of
our King and Country. I wish it were possible to Assist us with some
arms; and money to be sure would be also necessary; But give me
leave to assure your Lordship, that the last Farthing I or any of my
Friends have, or that our credit can procure us, shall be employed in
supporting of our men upon any expedition your Lordship shall Direct
us to undertake for this glorious Cause we are all Ingaged in. I wish
to God your Lordship and the Lord President would think of some
measure of conveening the whole body of the Kings Friends in the
North, and I would gladely hope we would form such a body as
would in a Great Measure disconcert, and strike a Damp upon the
army of the Rebells in the South and effectually put a stop to any
further Junctions they may Expect benorth Stirling. And at the same
time surely we might prevent their being Masters of so much of this
North Coast as also hinder many of the Kings Subjects from being
opprest by the exorbitant sums of Money the Rebells are at present
Levying.’
January 17th Mr. Grant received Lord Loudouns Answer, Dated
Jany 16 (App. No. 46),[566] approving indeed Mr. Grants sceme, but
that he could not in the present Situation undertake it, till he had got
a return to Letters he had sent for Instructions, and a little more
certainty of the motions of the Rebells, and that how soon
Instructions should arive, he should aquaint Mr. Grant and consult
with him.
After this nothing Material happened in the North till the Retreat
of the Rebells from Stirling and upon the first Intelligence of their
coming to Blair[567] Mr. Grant again conveened his men to the
number of above Six Hundred tho’ very ill armed whom he stationed
in the properest manner he could either for Joining Lord Loudon
(who he supposed would probably come to his assistance) to attack
the Rebells at the passes in the entrance into the Country, or if Lord
Loudoun should not come to his Assistance, and that the Rebells
should be too numerous for him to engage alone, so as to retire but
keep in a body and prevent as far as possible their Destroying the
Country or forcing away any of his men.
 About February 8th Mr. Grant received a letter from Lord
Loudoun, dated 7th (App. No. 47),[568] with what accounts he had of
the Rebells motions, and of their Designs on that Country, which he
did not seem to think they would soon attempt, and recommends to
Mr. Grant first to employ people to get Intelligence, ‘And in the next
place I hope you will have your people alert that we may Act by
Concert and support one another which I asure you I will to the
outmost.’
Mr. Grant obeyed both these Orders with all the Exactness that
he was Capable of. Sunday, 19th February, he sent by his
Chamberlain of Strathspey the Intelligence (App. No. 48),[569]
wherein he begged some arms if any could be spared, and Tuesday,
February 11th, sent two Expresses with Intelligence (vide App. No.
49),[570] that the Rebells were come the length of Ruthven.
February 12th Mr. Grant received Letters from Lord Loudoun and
the President of the 11th with accounts that the arms were landed,
That Mr. Grants Clan was well armed, yet in the Distribution Lord
Loudoun would reserve as many as he could for him.
They seemed to think Mr. Grant in no Danger of being Disturbed
by the Rebells, and mention their Readiness to receive the Rebells
and support Mr. Grant (App. No. 50, 51).[571]
February 13th, Mr. Grant sent Lord Loudoun further Intelligence
of the Rebells Motions and numbers, beggs to have if possible 400
guns, for that his people were extremely ill armed, tho’ to Deceive
the Rebells he behoved to give out the contrary. And the 14th he
sent more Intelligence to the Governor of Fort George to be
communicated to Lord Loudoun and still Demanding Arms (App. No.
52),[572] and still further on the 15th (App. No. 53),[573] when the
Rebells were come into Strath Spey, the length of Avymore, and
were that night to be at Inverlaidnan.[574] Lord Loudouns Letter of
February 15th (App. No. 54),[575] which was the last he had from him
while att Inverness came to hand Monday, 16th, telling that if the
Rebells should come he hoped to give them a Warm Reception. That
as he was threatened with being attacked he could not spare a party
to carry arms to Mr. Grant, but that if Mr. Grant would send Down
300 men he would provide them as well as he could.
After the 15th Mr. Grant durst not send any Letters to Lord
Loudoun, but both the 16th and Munday the 17th (the Day that
Inverness was taken)[576] he sent two Expresses each day with
accounts of the Rebells motions. And even after Lord Loudoun was
gone to Ross, Mr. Grant found means of conveying to him an
account of His Royal Highness the Duke marching Northward from
Perth, and by the same Conveyance got a Return signed by Lord
Loudoun and the President, which he transmitted to Sir Everard
Falconer.[577]
Mr. Grant was made to believe that his Royall Highness was
Immediately following in Pursuit of the Highlanders, and therefore
kept his men together in order to join the army till Sunday 23rd
February that he received a letter from Mr. Murray, secretary to the
Pretender (which at present is fallen by hand), Reproaching him for
assisting the Government, and for the further offers of assistance
made by his Father Sir James Grant which the Rebells had
Discovered by Letters sent Mr. Grant by Express by Lord Justice
Clerk whom they had Intercepted, and therefore ordering him Betwixt
a Day limited to send to Inverness all the arms in the Country with
hostages who were named in the Letter for the peaceable Behaviour
of the Clan.
Mr. Grant at this time had Intelligence, that the Macphersons,
some of the Athol men and the Menzies were in a body in Badenoch
above him that Glenbucket with about 300 men were in Strathaven
and Glenlivet and that another party was Marching by Murray to
enter Strathspey by the Lower end of it; He was Informed that the
Duke was still at Perth. He was not an equal Match for all these
partys alone, and could not hope for assistance from any Quarter.
Therefore he had no Choice but that of either being Besieged in his
own House or making good his retreat to the army. The House could
not hold out long, and therefore the other was resolved on, and he
chose rather to force his way against Glenbucket, than to venture by
Ruthven where the M‘Donalds by Joining the M‘Phersons had it in
their power to intercept them.
Monday 24th Feby. Lord Findlater and Mr. Grant and their Ladys
set out for Strathaven escorted by between 5 and 600 men, and the
Better to encourage them to leave their Houses, he proposed to give
them his Bond to repair all the Dammage that the Rebells should do
them; But the men said that they relied upon his word without any
Bond.
Upon Mr. Grants marching his men Glenbucket retired from
Strathaven into the low Country, and at Strathaven an Express sent
by Lord Justice Clark (but who had been taken prisoner by
Glenbucket and set at liberty on his retiring) came to him and
brought him the news that the Duke was come to Aberdeen.[578] Mr.
Grant thereupon directed his course thither, and when he came to
Newe, three miles from the house of Forbes of Skellater one of the
Rebells, finding himself out of Danger of any Great body of Rebells
sent home his men to take care of their Cattle and houses, taking
with him only 150 for an escort to Aberdeen, and ordered that all the
men in the Country should be ready on the first call to come to Join
him.
These 150 Mr. Grant marched to Kintore and left them there and
March 1st went himself to attend His Royall Highness to Aberdeen;
and remained there till the 9th that he was ordered to Inverury,
where his men then were, and from thence to proceed slowly to
Strathspey, so as to serve as an advanced Guard to the Troops in
their march to Strathbogg, and in that March before he reached
Castle Forbes[579] had the Disagreeable news of a Ridiculous and
Scandalous Treaty of Neutrality (as it was called) that five
Gentlemen of his name had signed to the Rebells which he
transmitted to Aberdeen to be communicated to his Royall Highness.
As this was done in his Absence and was in his opinion the greatest
affront that could have been done him, none living can look upon it
with Greater Indignation than he does, notwithstanding of what all
these gentlemen say to alleviate it, which is, That finding their
country threatened to be Burnt, and no appearance of Immediate
Relief, They consulted together on the properest measure to Divert
their Ruin, and it was agreed on as the most prudent measure to
endeavour to gain Time by treating with the Rebells untill the Army
would come up, and for that end to send three of them as Deputys
for the Rest, that when these three came to Inverness they were
forthwith made prisoners and keept there upon their paroles, and the
Rebells insisted that other two gentlemen should likewise come
before concluding any Treaty. That by these means they got the
matter Delayed for some Days, and when at last a written paper was
presented to them to sign promising upon their Honours that neither
they nor their Dependents should bear arms against them, They all
absolutely refused to sign it, until they were Threatened to be thrown
into Dungeons, and Lord George Murray with a party of Two
Thousand men and some Cannon ordered to Strathspey to burn and
Destroy the Country and then they signed it, believing that in the
Strictest Honour, they could not be Bound to perform a promise
Extorted from them in such circumstances. That it was Twelve days
after their first confinement before this parole was signed and some
time Before the dukes passing Spey.[580] Three of the five were
allowed to return home, and how soon Mr. Grant got home to Castle
Grant, which was before the Battle of Culloden, These three joined
him and were very active in bringing together the men.
This is a plain and genuine narrative of Mr. Grants conduct from
the beginning of the late wicked Rebellion until he went to Aberdeen.
The part he acted afterwards is already sufficiently known to His
Royall Highness the Duke, and Mr. Grant wants not any other
Justification, whereas the former part being acted in a corner of the
Highlands could not be so generally Known.
The naked Facts are stated without any observations upon them,
which will naturally enough arise to any Person into whose hands
this may come. And no Facts are stated but such as are either
sufficiently proved by the writings in the Appendix or can be proved
beyond Contradiction and no part of another persons conduct
mentioned except in so far as it was necessarly Connected with his.
And it is hoped it does appear that nothing was ommitted on Mr.
Grants part that he could Devise for supporting the Government or
Distressing the Rebells. He did not indeed know what were Lord
Loudouns or Lord Presidents Instructions or powers, nor was it fit
that he should know them; But by that means perhaps it was that
sometimes he undertook Expeditions and projected scemes that
these Gentlemen possibly, yea probably, for good Reasons Judged
not to be expedient or seasonable, but however that may be an
argument of his want of skill, or of his too great forwardness, but
surely it can be none of his want of Zeal to his Most Gracious
Sovereign and our present Happy Constitution.
 THE CASE OF THE REV. JOHN
GRANT, MINISTER OF URQUHART;
AND OF ALEXANDER GRANT OF
SHEUGLY IN URQUHART, AND
JAMES GRANT, HIS SON
 INFORMATION for Mr. JOHN GRANT,
Minister of the Gospel at Urquhart
We hear that Mr. John Grant is charged wth reading and
explaining to his Congregation and Parishioners in Irish the
Pretenders Manifesto from the Pulpit and in other places. This is as
false as the Charge is Malicious. I thank God for it I was never
reckoned a Bedlamite or a madman, and truly if this Charge were
well founded I think that all the Punishment that the Law can conflict
[sic] is but to little. How soon ever I had certain information that the
Pretenders son was landed I wrote a letter to Lochaber to Mr. John
Stewart for intelligence as it was reported the Rebel Army was to
besiege Fortaugustus[581] and Inverness. This I did in presence of
the Laird of Grants Baillie. I gave a Copy of the return to my letter to
the Baillie that he might let the Governor of Inverness and the Laird
of Grant see it. The Baillie told me that the Governor own’d that
piece of Intelligence to be of vast consequence to the North and that
the Laird of Grant was likewise informed of it—the letter inform’d that
they were to march directly south.
In Novr when the M‘Donalds and Frasers came to the country in
order to raise the men I preach’d publickly agst it and exhorted my
congregation to live peaceably.
This rais’d the Wrath of most of my Parishioners who were in the
Rebellion agst me insomuch that I was daily insulted even by the
meanest of the Parish particularly towards the close of Decr last I
was after sermon attacted by above 20 men and threatned to be
drowned in a Loch near by for my praying for his Majesty King
George. I and some other gentlemen went to a woman in Distress.
Immediately there came into the House 2 fellows with drawn durks to
kill me and were it not for some Gentlemen then present I wou’d
have suffered for the stroak that was leveld at me cutt an Iron Crook.
I was the object of the M‘Donald’s hatred because of my attachment
to the present happy Establishment, in so much that in Feby last
when the M‘Donalds to the number of 400 or 500 men came to the
Country my house was attacked by 8 or 9 of them; they first rapp’d at
the doors and windows and then they were to set fire to the house
were it not that the Gentlemen with whom they lodged and whose
house was close by mine hindered it for fear of his own house.
My wife spoke to them next day they swore that they wou’d knock
me down with butts of their Guns because they’d scorn to give me a
better death. My wife was so frighten’d that she sicken’d abhorted
and was verie like to have lost her life being confined for 6 weeks to
her Bed. I was then obliged to give up preaching. After I was for 2
Sabbaths without preaching my Parishioners cry’d out agst me for
their wanting of sermon, then I ventured to preach and prayed for his
Majesty King George. But the second Sunday I preached I was
mobb’d in the Churchyard and had my Cloaths torn. A fellow who
was for some time my officer and whom I turn’d off for his having
gone to the North after the Rebels proclaimed publickly in the
Churchyard that I should no more pray for King George and that I
should have no stipend pay’d me this year, which last hold but to true
for I did not receive 40s. of the last years stipends as yet. I was then
a 2d time obliged to give up preaching as I had not the Protection of
the Law. The Sunday immediately before the Battle of Culloden I
was attacted by 4 of the Rebels and very rudely dealt by for my
Praying for King George and for having given up preaching they
swore that if I would not preach next Sunday and pray for the
Pretenders son whom they call’d Prince Charles, They or some of
their Corps would attend and shoot me thro’ the head. But blessed
be God their power was soon broken and I then preach’d and pray’d
wthout distraction or fear. Towards the beginning of May when Mr.
Grant of Grant had with his men left the country of Urquhart and
gone to Inverness with the People of Glenmoriston and Urquhart
who had surrendered Mr. John Grant was surpris’d to hear of Alexr
Grant of Sheugly and his son’s confinement at Inverness. Mr. Grant
of Grant wrote to his Bailie to acquaint me to repair to Inverness
without loss of time as he had particular business with me in relation
to the surrenderers in the Parish of Urquhart. Accordingly I went to
Inverness without delay and waited of Mr. Grant, was by him keept
for 6 or 7 days living still in the Town on my own Charges without any
other business but giving the Characters of the Men who had
surrendered in Urquhart. Mr. Grant likewise challeng’d me for
asserting Alexr Grant of Sheugly and his son as peaceable subjects
and told me that he would put me on my marrow bones for that
sometime. After I answer’d Mr. Grant that I attested nothing but what
I was conscious was truth; this Conference happen’d in Mr. Grant of
Grant’s room on the 9th of May. Sunday thereafter, being the 11th of
May, Mr. Grant of Grant sent a Gentleman of his name to my
Quarters desiring that I shou’d repair to his Room immediately. I was
not within in the meantime but how soon I got notice of it I
immediately went to Grants Lodgings where I was made prisoner. I
was surprised at this as I suffered in my Person and Means for my
attachment to the Government. But upon Reflection my surprise
soon evanish’d. I have been minister at Urquhart for near 6 years
without legal Gleib, Manse or any of those advantages which the
Law allows. I several times apply’d to Mr. Grant of Grant as Patron
and principal Heritor in the Parish for redress either by giving me a
piece of Land which my Predecessors allways had in farm by the
Lairds of Grant or then by consenting to my having Legal Gleib and
Manse as the Law directs I was put off with fair promises but no
performance. I could not live with any comfort as I was situated, Mr.
Grant having settled a Brother-in-Law of his Bailie’s in the Kitching
wch my Predecessors had and all the other houses of the Town
excepting one brocken house. This neighbour I got was Bankrupt
and his wife a notorious scold. Last year I wrote to Mr. Grant to grant
me my conveniences for my own money otherwise to excuse me to
ask for them in a legal manner. When Mr. Grant received this letter
he rampaged, burnt my Letter, and swore revenge agst me; besides
there is near two years stipends due me out of Mr. Grant’s Estate in
Urquhart wch wth some mony he has of my Fathers per Bond and to
wch I am expressly provided in the Bond makes a pretty good sum
and as Mr. Grant likes money very well this is a verie easie Method
of paying his debt and being revenged of me at the same time. As
the above are all matters of fact I know no other reason for my
suffering and confinement to the present Royal Family or that I might
be of use to the Government in something which might be very
disagreeable both to Mr. Grant and his Bailie.
(Signed) John Grantt.
Castle Street, Sixth July 1746.

Minute of the Presbytery of Abertarff

At Fort Augustus, 13th June 1746.
The Presbytry of Abertarph being met and Constitute It was
represented that the Revd Mr. John Grant, minister of the Gospel at
Urquhart, and member of this Judicatory, had been sometime ago
laid under arrest on suspicion of being disaffected to the present
happy establishment, and the Presbytery being deeply affected to
think that any of their number should give the least umbrage to any
mortal on that important subject took Mr. Grant’s past conduct with
regard to Government under their most serious deliberation, and
upon the whole find Cause to certify that (abstracting from the
present Charge brought against him, to which they are entire
Strangers, having no immediate Access to enquire into it by reason
of the great disturbances here) he still behav’d himself among them
as became a minister of the Gospel, discovering upon every
occasion his Inviolable Attachment and Loyalty to his Majesty’s
person and Government. Given in name presence and at
appointment of Presbytry, date and place forsaid by
Thom. Frazer, Modr.

Minute of the Presbytery of Abernethy

At Abernethy the 5th Day of July 1746.
The Presbytery of Abernethy, taking to their Consideration That
the Reverend Mr. John Grant minister of the Gospel at Urquhart had
been taken up and shipped off for London upon a Suspicion of