1 The functions f and g are defined as follows:

f : x → x 2 − 2x , x ∈ ,
g : x → 2x + 3, x ∈ .

(i) Find the set of values of x for which f(x) > 15. [3]

(ii) Find the range of f and state, with a reason, whether f has an inverse. [4]

(iii) Show that the equation gf(x) = 0 has no real solutions. [3]

(iv) Sketch, in a single diagram, the graphs of y = g(x) and y = g−1 (x), making clear the relationship
between the graphs. [2]

9709/01/M/J/04

2 The function f : x → 2x − a, where a is a constant, is defined for all real x.

(i) In the case where a = 3, solve the equation ff(x) = 11. [3]

The function g : x → x2 − 6x is defined for all real x.

(ii) Find the value of a for which the equation f(x) = g(x) has exactly one real solution. [3]

The function h : x → x2 − 6x is defined for the domain x ≥ 3.

(iii) Express x2 − 6x in the form (x − p)2 − q, where p and q are constants. [2]

(iv) Find an expression for h−1 (x) and state the domain of h−1 . [4]

9709/01/O/N/04

3 Functions f and g are defined by

f : x → k − x for x ∈ , where k is a constant,
9
g : x → for x ∈ , x ≠ −2.
x+2

(i) Find the values of k for which the equation f(x) = g(x) has two equal roots and solve the equation
f(x) = g(x) in these cases. [6]

(ii) Solve the equation fg(x) = 5 when k = 6. [3]

(iii) Express g−1 (x) in terms of x. [2]

9709/01/M/J/06
4 The function f is defined by f : x → x2 − 3x for x ∈ .

(i) Find the set of values of x for which f(x) > 4. [3]

(ii) Express f(x) in the form (x − a)2 − b, stating the values of a and b. [2]

(iii) Write down the range of f. [1]

(iv) State, with a reason, whether f has an inverse. [1]

√
The function g is defined by g : x → x − 3 x for x ≥ 0.

(v) Solve the equation g(x) = 10. [3]

9709/01/O/N/06

5 The function f is defined by f : x → 2x2 − 8x + 11 for x ∈ .

(i) Express f(x) in the form a(x + b)2 + c, where a, b and c are constants. [3]

(ii) State the range of f. [1]

(iii) Explain why f does not have an inverse. [1]

The function g is defined by g : x → 2x2 − 8x + 11 for x ≤ A, where A is a constant.

(iv) State the largest value of A for which g has an inverse. [1]

(v) When A has this value, obtain an expression, in terms of x, for g−1 (x) and state the range of g−1 .
[4]

9709/01/O/N/07

6 Functions f and g are defined by

f : x → 4x − 2k for x ∈ , where k is a constant,
9
g : x → for x ∈ , x ≠ 2.
2−x

(i) Find the values of k for which the equation fg(x) = x has two equal roots. [4]

(ii) Determine the roots of the equation fg(x) = x for the values of k found in part (i). [3]

9709/01/M/J/08

7 The function f is defined by

f : x → 3x − 2 for x ∈ .

(i) Sketch, in a single diagram, the graphs of y = f(x) and y = f −1 (x), making clear the relationship
between the two graphs. [2]
 The function g is defined by
g : x → 6x − x2 for x ∈ .

(ii) Express gf(x) in terms of x, and hence show that the maximum value of gf(x) is 9. [5]

The function h is defined by

h : x → 6x − x2 for x ≥ 3.

(iii) Express 6x − x2 in the form a − (x − b)2 , where a and b are positive constants. [2]

(iv) Express h−1 (x) in terms of x. [3]

9709/01/O/N/08

8 The function f is defined by f : x → 2x2 − 12x + 13 for 0 ≤ x ≤ A, where A is a constant.

(i) Express f(x) in the form a(x + b)2 + c, where a, b and c are constants. [3]

(ii) State the value of A for which the graph of y = f(x) has a line of symmetry. [1]

(iii) When A has this value, find the range of f. [2]

The function g is defined by g : x → 2x2 − 12x + 13 for x ≥ 4.

(iv) Explain why g has an inverse. [1]

(v) Obtain an expression, in terms of x, for g−1 (x). [3]

9709/01/M/J/09

9 The function f is defined by f : x → 2x2 − 12x + 7 for x ∈ >.

(i) Express f (x) in the form a(x − b)2 − c. [3]

(ii) State the range of f. [1]

(iii) Find the set of values of x for which f (x) < 21. [3]

The function g is defined by g : x → 2x + k for x ∈ >.

(iv) Find the value of the constant k for which the equation gf (x) = 0 has two equal roots. [4]

9709/11/M/J/10
10 The functions f and g are defined for x ∈ > by
f : x → 4x − 2x2 ,
g : x → 5x + 3.

(i) Find the range of f. [2]

(ii) Find the value of the constant k for which the equation gf (x) = k has equal roots. [3]

9709/12/M/J/10

11 The function f : x → 2x2 − 8x + 14 is defined for x ∈ >.

(i) Find the values of the constant k for which the line y + kx = 12 is a tangent to the curve y = f (x).
[4]

(ii) Express f (x) in the form a(x + b)2 + c, where a, b and c are constants. [3]

(iii) Find the range of f. [1]

The function g : x → 2x2 − 8x + 14 is defined for x ≥ A.

(iv) Find the smallest value of A for which g has an inverse. [1]

(v) For this value of A, find an expression for g−1 (x) in terms of x. [3]

9709/13/M/J/10

12 Functions f and g are defined by

f : x → 2x2 − 8x + 10 for 0 ≤ x ≤ 2,
g:x→x for 0 ≤ x ≤ 10.

(i) Express f (x) in the form a(x + b)2 + c, where a, b and c are constants. [3]

(ii) State the range of f. [1]

(iii) State the domain of f −1 . [1]

(iv) Sketch on the same diagram the graphs of y = f (x), y = g(x) and y = f −1 (x), making clear the
relationship between the graphs. [4]

(v) Find an expression for f −1 (x). [3]

9709/11/O/N/11
13 Functions f and g are defined by
f : x → 2x + 3 for x ≤ 0,
2
g : x → x − 6x for x ≤ 3.

(i) Express f −1 (x) in terms of x and solve the equation f (x) = f −1 (x). [3]

(ii) On the same diagram sketch the graphs of y = f (x) and y = f −1 (x), showing the coordinates of
their point of intersection and the relationship between the graphs. [3]

(iii) Find the set of values of x which satisfy gf (x) ≤ 16. [5]

9709/13/O/N/11

14 The function f : x → x2 − 4x + k is defined for the domain x ≥ p, where k and p are constants.

(i) Express f (x) in the form (x + a)2 + b + k, where a and b are constants. [2]

(ii) State the range of f in terms of k. [1]

(iii) State the smallest value of p for which f is one-one. [1]

(iv) For the value of p found in part (iii), find an expression for f −1 (x) and state the domain of f −1 ,
giving your answers in terms of k. [4]

9709/11/M/J/12

15 Functions f and g are defined by

f : x → 2x + 5 for x ∈ >,
8
g:x→ for x ∈ >, x ≠ 3.
x−3

(i) Obtain expressions, in terms of x, for f −1 (x) and g−1 (x), stating the value of x for which g−1 (x)
is not defined. [4]

(ii) Sketch the graphs of y = f (x) and y = f −1 (x) on the same diagram, making clear the relationship
between the two graphs. [3]

(iii) Given that the equation fg(x) = 5 − kx, where k is a constant, has no solutions, find the set of
possible values of k. [5]

9709/12/M/J/12

16 The function f is defined by f (x) = 4x2 − 24x + 11, for x ∈ >.

(i) Express f (x) in the form a(x − b)2 + c and hence state the coordinates of the vertex of the graph
of y = f (x). [4]
 The function g is defined by g(x) = 4x2 − 24x + 11, for x ≤ 1.

(ii) State the range of g. [2]

(iii) Find an expression for g−1 (x) and state the domain of g−1 . [4]

9709/11/O/N/12

r
17 A function f is such that f (x) =  x + 3  + 1, for x ≥ −3. Find
2
(i) f −1 (x) in the form ax2 + bx + c, where a, b and c are constants, [3]
(ii) the domain of f −1 . [1]

9709/12/O/N/12

18 (i) Express 2x2 − 12x + 13 in the form a x + b
2 + c, where a, b and c are constants. [3]

(ii) The function f is defined by f x
= 2x2 − 12x + 13 for x ≥ k, where k is a constant. It is given
that f is a one-one function. State the smallest possible value of k. [1]

The value of k is now given to be 7.

(iii) Find the range of f. [1]

(iv) Find an expression for f −1 x
and state the domain of f −1 . [5]

9709/11/M/J/13

19 The function f is defined by f : x → 2x + k, x ∈ >, where k is a constant.

(i) In the case where k = 3, solve the equation ff x
= 25. [2]

The function g is defined by g : x → x2 − 6x + 8, x ∈ >.

(ii) Find the set of values of k for which the equation f x
= g x
has no real solutions. [3]

The function h is defined by h : x → x2 − 6x + 8, x > 3.

(iii) Find an expression for h−1 x
. [4]

9709/13/M/J/13
20 A function f is defined by f : x → 3 cos x − 2 for 0 ≤ x ≤ 20.

(i) Solve the equation f x
= 0. [3]

(ii) Find the range of f. [2]

(iii) Sketch the graph of y = f x
. [2]

A function g is defined by g : x → 3 cos x − 2 for 0 ≤ x ≤ k.

(iv) State the maximum value of k for which g has an inverse. [1]

(v) Obtain an expression for g−1 x
. [2]

9709/12/O/N/13

21 Functions f and g are defined by

f : x → 2x − 3, x ∈ >,
g : x → x2 + 4x, x ∈ >.

(i) Solve the equation ff x
= 11. [2]

(ii) Find the range of g. [2]

(iii) Find the set of values of x for which g x
> 12. [3]

(iv) Find the value of the constant p for which the equation gf x
= p has two equal roots. [3]

Function h is defined by h : x → x2 + 4x for x ≥ k, and it is given that h has an inverse.

(v) State the smallest possible value of k. [1]

(vi) Find an expression for h−1 x
. [4]

9709/12/M/J/14

22 (i) Express x2 − 2x − 15 in the form
x + a2 + b. [2]

The function f is defined for p ≤ x ≤ q, where p and q are positive constants, by

f : x → x2 − 2x − 15.
The range of f is given by c ≤ f
x ≤ d, where c and d are constants.

(ii) State the smallest possible value of c. [1]

For the case where c = 9 and d = 65,

(iii) find p and q, [4]
(iv) find an expression for f −1
x. [3]

9709/11/O/N/14
23 The function f is defined by f : x → 2x2 − 6x + 5 for x ∈ >.

(i) Find the set of values of p for which the equation f x
= p has no real roots. [3]

The function g is defined by g : x → 2x2 − 6x + 5 for 0 ≤ x ≤ 4.

(ii) Express g x
in the form a x + b
2 + c, where a, b and c are constants. [3]

(iii) Find the range of g. [2]

The function h is defined by h : x → 2x2 − 6x + 5 for k ≤ x ≤ 4, where k is a constant.

(iv) State the smallest value of k for which h has an inverse. [1]

(v) For this value of k, find an expression for h−1 x
. [3]

9709/12/M/J/15

24 (i) Express −x2 + 6x − 5 in the form a x + b
2 + c, where a, b and c are constants. [3]

The function f : x → −x2 + 6x − 5 is defined for x ≥ m, where m is a constant.

(ii) State the smallest value of m for which f is one-one. [1]

(iii) For the case where m = 5, find an expression for f −1 x
and state the domain of f −1 . [4]

9709/11/O/N/15

25 The function f is defined, for x ∈ >, by f : x → x2 + ax + b, where a and b are constants.

(i) In the case where a = 6 and b = −8, find the range of f. [3]

(ii) In the case where a = 5, the roots of the equation f x
= 0 are k and −2k, where k is a constant.
Find the values of b and k. [3]

(iii) Show that if the equation f x + a
= a has no real roots, then a2 < 4 b − a
. [3]

9709/12/O/N/15

26 The function f is defined by f x
= 3x + 1 for x ≤ a, where a is a constant. The function g is defined

by g x
= −1 − x2 for x ≤ −1.

(i) Find the largest value of a for which the composite function gf can be formed. [2]

For the case where a = −1,

(ii) solve the equation fg x
+ 14 = 0, [3]
(iii) find the set of values of x which satisfy the inequality gf x
≤ −50. [4]

9709/13/O/N/15
27 (a) Find the values of the constant m for which the line y = mx is a tangent to the curve y = 2x2 − 4x + 8.
[3]

(b) The function f is defined for x ∈ > by f x
= x2 + ax + b, where a and b are constants. The
solutions of the equation f x
= 0 are x = 1 and x = 9. Find
(i) the values of a and b, [2]
(ii) the coordinates of the vertex of the curve y = f x
. [2]

9709/11/M/J/16

28 The function f is defined by f : x → 6x − x2 − 5 for x ∈ >.

(i) Find the set of values of x for which f x
≤ 3. [3]

(ii) Given that the line y = mx + c is a tangent to the curve y = f x
, show that 4c = m2 − 12m + 16.
[3]

The function g is defined by g : x → 6x − x2 − 5 for x ≥ k, where k is a constant.

(iii) Express 6x − x2 − 5 in the form a − x − b
2 , where a and b are constants. [2]

(iv) State the smallest value of k for which g has an inverse. [1]

(v) For this value of k, find an expression for g−1 x
. [2]

9709/12/M/J/16

29 The function f is such that f x
= 2x + 3 for x ≥ 0. The function g is such that g x
= ax2 + b for x ≤ q,
where a, b and q are constants. The function fg is such that fg x
= 6x2 − 21 for x ≤ q.

(i) Find the values of a and b. [3]

(ii) Find the greatest possible value of q. [2]

It is now given that q = −3.

(iii) Find the range of fg. [1]

(iv) Find an expression for fg
−1 x
and state the domain of fg
−1 . [3]

9709/13/M/J/16
30 (i) Express 4x2 + 12x + 10 in the form ax + b
2 + c, where a, b and c are constants. [3]

(ii) Functions f and g are both defined for x > 0. It is given that f x
= x2 + 1 and fg x
= 4x2 + 12x + 10.
Find g x
. [1]

(iii) Find fg
−1 x
and give the domain of fg
−1 . [4]

9709/13/O/N/16

2
31 The function f is defined by f : x → for x ∈ >, x ≠ 32 .
3 − 2x

(i) Find an expression for f −1 x
. [3]

The function g is defined by g : x → 4x + a for x ∈ >, where a is a constant.

(ii) Find the value of a for which gf −1
= 3. [3]

(iii) Find the possible values of a given that the equation f −1 x
= g−1 x
has two equal roots. [4]

9709/11/M/J/17

32 (i) Express 9x2 − 6x + 6 in the form ax + b
2 + c, where a, b and c are constants. [3]

The function f is defined by f x
= 9x2 − 6x + 6 for x ≥ p, where p is a constant.

(ii) State the smallest value of p for which f is a one-one function. [1]

(iii) For this value of p, obtain an expression for f −1 x
, and state the domain of f −1 . [4]

(iv) State the set of values of q for which the equation f x
= q has no solution. [1]

9709/13/M/J/17

33 Functions f and g are defined for x ∈ > by

f : x → 12 x − 2,

g : x → 4 + x − 12 x2 .

(i) Find the points of intersection of the graphs of y = f x
and y = g x
. [3]

(ii) Find the set of values of x for which f x
> g x
. [2]

(iii) Find an expression for fg x
and deduce the range of fg. [4]

The function h is defined by h : x → 4 + x − 12 x2 for x ≥ k.

(iv) Find the smallest value of k for which h has an inverse. [2]

9709/11/M/J/18
34 The function f is defined by f : x → 7 − 2x2 − 12x for x ∈ >.

(i) Express 7 − 2x2 − 12x in the form a − 2 x + b
2 , where a and b are constants. [2]

(ii) State the coordinates of the stationary point on the curve y = f x
. [1]

The function g is defined by g : x → 7 − 2x2 − 12x for x ≥ k.

(iii) State the smallest value of k for which g has an inverse. [1]

(iv) For this value of k, find g−1 x
. [3]

9709/12/M/J/18

35 (a) The one-one function f is defined by f x
= x − 3
2 − 1 for x < a, where a is a constant.
(i) State the greatest possible value of a. [1]
(ii) It is given that a takes this greatest possible value. State the range of f and find an expression
for f −1 x
. [3]

(b) The function g is defined by g x
= x − 3
2 for x ≥ 0.

(i) Show that gg 2x
can be expressed in the form 2x − 3
4 + b 2x − 3
2 + c, where b and c are
constants to be found. [2]

(ii) Hence expand gg 2x
completely, simplifying your answer. [4]

9709/11/O/N/18

36 The function f is defined by f : x → 2x2 − 12x + 7 for x ∈ >.

(i) Express 2x2 − 12x + 7 in the form 2 x + a
2 + b, where a and b are constants. [2]
(ii) State the range of f. [1]

The function g is defined by g : x → 2x2 − 12x + 7 for x ≤ k.

(iii) State the largest value of k for which g has an inverse. [1]

(iv) Given that g has an inverse, find an expression for g−1 x
. [3]

9709/12/O/N/18
 37 (i) Express 2x2 − 12x + 11 in the form a x + b
2 + c, where a, b and c are constants. [3]

The function f is defined by f x
= 2x2 − 12x + 11 for x ≤ k.

(ii) State the largest value of the constant k for which f is a one-one function. [1]
1 1
(iii) For this value of k find an expression for f − x
and state the domain of f − . [4]

The function g is defined by g x
= x + 3 for x ≤ p.

(iv) With k now taking the value 1, find the largest value of the constant p which allows the composite
function fg to be formed, and find an expression for fg x
whenever this composite function
exists. [3]

9709/13/O/N/18

38 (i) Express x2 − 4x + 7 in the form x + a
2 + b. [2]

The function f is defined by f x
= x2 − 4x + 7 for x < k, where k is a constant.

(ii) State the largest value of k for which f is a decreasing function. [1]

The value of k is now given to be 1.

(iii) Find an expression for f −1 x
and state the domain of f −1 . [3]

2
(iv) The function g is defined by g x
= for x > 1. Find an expression for gf x
and state the
x−1
range of gf. [4]

9709/12/F/M/19

39 The function f is defined by f x
= −2x2 + 12x − 3 for x ∈ >.

(i) Express −2x2 + 12x − 3 in the form −2 x + a
2 + b, where a and b are constants. [2]

(ii) State the greatest value of f x
. [1]

 The function g is defined by g x
= 2x + 5 for x ∈ >.

(iii) Find the values of x for which gf x
+ 1 = 0. [3]

9709/11/M/J/19

40 The function f is defined by f x
= x2 − 4x + 8 for x ∈ >.

(i) Express x2 − 4x + 8 in the form x − a
2 + b. [2]

(ii) Hence find the set of values of x for which f x
< 9, giving your answer in exact form. [3]

9709/13/M/J/19

41 Functions f and g are defined by

f x
= 2x2 + 8x + 1 for x ∈ >,

g x
= 2x − k for x ∈ >,

where k is a constant.

(i) Find the value of k for which the line y = g x
is a tangent to the curve y = f x
. [3]

(ii) In the case where k = −9, find the set of values of x for which f x
< g x
. [3]

(iii) In the case where k = −1, find g−1 f x
and solve the equation g−1 f x
= 0. [3]

(iv) Express f x
in the form 2 x + a
2 + b, where a and b are constants, and hence state the least
value of f x
. [3]

9709/12/O/N/19

2
42 The function g is defined by g x
= x − 6x + 7 for x > 4. By first completing the square, find an
expression for g−1 x
and state the domain of g−1 . [5]

9709/13/O/N/19

43 (a) Express 2x2 + 12x + 11 in the form 2 x + a
2 + b, where a and b are constants. [2]

The function f is defined by f x
= 2x2 + 12x + 11 for x ≤ −4.

(b) Find an expression for f −1 x
and state the domain of f −1 . [3]

The function g is defined by g x
= 2x − 3 for x ≤ k.

(c) For the case where k = −1, solve the equation fg x
= 193. [2]

(d) State the largest value of k possible for the composition fg to be defined. [1]

9709/12/F/M/20
44 The functions f and g are defined by
f x
= x2 − 4x + 3 for x > c, where c is a constant,
1
g x
= for x > −1.
x+1

(a) Express f x
in the form x − a
2 + b. [2]

It is given that f is a one-one function.

(b) State the smallest possible value of c. [1]

It is now given that c = 5.

(c) Find an expression for f −1 x
and state the domain of f −1 . [3]

(d) Find an expression for gf x
and state the range of gf. [3]

9709/13/M/J/20

45 Functions f and g are defined as follows:

f : x → x2 + 2x + 3 for x ≤ −1,
g : x → 2x + 1 for x ≥ −1.

(a) Express f x
in the form x + a
2 + b and state the range of f. [3]

(b) Find an expression for f −1 x
. [2]

(c) Solve the equation gf x
= 13. [3]

9709/12/F/M/21

46 Functions f and g are defined as follows:

f x
= x − 2
2 − 4 for x ≥ 2,
g x
= ax + 2 for x ∈ >,

where a is a constant.

(a) State the range of f. [1]

(b) Find f −1 x
. [2]

(c) Given that a = − 53 , solve the equation f x
= g x
. [3]

(d) Given instead that ggf −1 12
= 62, find the possible values of a. [5]

9709/11/M/J/21
47 (a) Express −3x + 12x + 2 in the form −3 x − a
+ b, where a and b are constants.
2 2
[2]

The one-one function f is defined by f : x → −3x2 + 12x + 2 for x ≤ k.

(b) State the largest possible value of the constant k. [1]

It is now given that k = −1.

(c) State the range of f. [1]

(d) Find an expression for f −1 x
. [3]

−3
@ A
The result of translating the graph of y = f x
by is the graph of y = g x
.
1

(e) Express g x
in the form px2 + qx + r , where p, q and r are constants. [3]

9709/11/O/N/21

48 Functions f, g and h are defined as follows:

1
f : x → x − 4x 2 + 1 for x ≥ 0,
2
g : x → mx + n for x ≥ −2, where m and n are constants,
1
h : x → x2 − 2 for x ≥ 0.


(a) Solve the equation f x
= 0, giving your solutions in the form x = a + b c, where a, b and c are
integers. [4]

(b) Given that f x
 gh x
, find the values of m and n. [4]

9709/12/F/M/22

49 The function f is defined by f x
= 2x2 − 16x + 23 for x < 3.

(a) Express f x
in the form 2 x + a
2 + b. [2]

(b) Find the range of f. [1]

(c) Find an expression for f −1 x
. [3]

The function g is defined by g x
= 2x + 4 for x < −1.

(d) Find and simplify an expression for fg x
. [2]

9709/13/M/J/22

50 Functions f and g are both defined for x ∈ > and are given by

f x
= x2 − 4x + 9,
g x
= 2x2 + 4x + 12.

(a) Express f x
in the form x − a
2 + b. [1]

 (b) Express g x
in the form 2 x + c
2 + d . [2]

(c) Express g x
in the form kf x + h
, where k and h are integers. [1]

(d) Describe fully the two transformations that have been combined to transform the graph of y = f x

to the graph of y = g x
. [4]

9709/11/O/N/22

51 The function f is defined by f x
= −2x2 − 8x − 13 for x < −3.

(a) Express f x
in the form −2 x + a
2 + b, where a and b are integers. [2]

(b) Find the range of f. [1]

(c) Find an expression for f −1 x
. [3]

9709/13/O/N/22

52 The function f is defined by f x
= −3x2 + 2 for x ≤ −1.

(a) State the range of f. [1]

(b) Find an expression for f −1 x
. [3]

The function g is defined by g x
= −x2 − 1 for x ≤ −1.

(c) Solve the equation fg x
− gf x
+ 8 = 0. [5]

9709/12/F/M/23