LESSON 2

2.1 Summation
sum(f(k),k=m..n)
O sum(r,r=1..n);
1 2 1 1
n C1 K nK (1)
2 2 2
O factor(%);
1
n n C1 (2)
2
O sum(k,k=0..n-1);
1 2 1
n K n (3)
2 2
O factor(%);
1
n n K1 (4)
2
O sum(k+1,k=0..n);
1 2 1 1
n C1 C nC (5)
2 2 2
O sum(1/k!,k=0..infinity);
e (6)
O sum(1/(k-1)!,k=1..infinity);
e (7)
O sum((-1)^(k+1)*(4/(2*k-1)),k=1..infinity);
p (8)
O sum(r^2,r=1..100);
338350 (9)
O add(i^2,i=1..5);
55 (10)
O L:=[seq(i,i=1..5)];
1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (11)
O add(i,i=L);
15 (12)
sigma(n)
O with(numtheory);
GIgcd, bigomega, cfrac, cfracpol, cyclotomic, divisors, factorEQ, factorset, fermat, imagunit, (13)
index, integral_basis, invcfrac, invphi, iscyclotomic, issqrfree, jacobi, kronecker, l,
legendre, mcombine, mersenne, migcdex, minkowski, mipolys, mlog, mobius, mroot, msqrt,
nearestp, nthconver, nthdenom, nthnumer, nthpow, order, pdexpand, f, p, pprimroot,
primroot, quadres, rootsunity, safeprime, s, sq2factor, sum2sqr, t, thue
O divisors(20);
1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 20 (14)
O sigma(20);
42 (15)
O divisors(111);
1, 3, 37, 111 (16)
O sigma(111);
152 (17)
O divisors(2019);
1, 3, 673, 2019 (18)
O sigma(2019);
2696 (19)
EXERCISES
1)
O irem(sum(r!,r=1..100),2);
1 (20)
2)
a.
O sum(i,i=1..n);
1 2 1 1
n C1 K nK (21)
2 2 2
O factor(%);
1
n n C1 (22)
2
b.
O sum(i+(i-1),i=1..n);
2
n C1 K2 n K1 (23)
O factor(%);
2
n (24)
c.
O sum(i*(i+1),i=1..n);
1 1 1 3
K nK C n C1 (25)
3 3 3
O factor(%);
1
n n C2 n C1 (26)
3
d.
O sum(i*(i+2),i=1..n);
1 2 5 5 1 3
n C1 K nK C n C1 (27)
2 6 6 3
O factor(%);
1
n 2 n C7 n C1 (28)
6
e.
O sum(i*(i!),i=1..n);
n C1 ! K1 (29)
f.
O sum(1/(2^i),i=1..n);
 n C1
1
K2 C1 (30)
2
O factor(%);
n C1
1
K2 C1 (31)
2
g.
O sum(i^3,i=1..n);
1 4 1 3 1 2
n C1 K n C1 C n C1 (32)
4 2 4
O factor(%);

1 2 2
n n C1 (33)
4

2.2 Theory of congruence

Integer modulo n
O 15 mod 5;
0 (34)
O 61 mod 13;
9 (35)
O modp(61,13);
9 (36)
O mods(61,13);
K4 (37)
O 12 mod 7;
5 (38)
O modp(12,7);
5 (39)
O mods(12,7);
K2 (40)
2.3 Complete Squares
O with(student);
D, Diff, Doubleint, Int, Limit, Lineint, Product, Sum, Tripleint, changevar, completesquare, (41)
distance, equate, integrand, intercept, intparts, leftbox, leftsum, makeproc, middlebox,
middlesum, midpoint, powsubs, rightbox, rightsum, showtangent, simpson, slope, summand,
trapezoid
O completesquare(9*x^2+24*x+16,x);
2
4
9 xC (42)
3
O completesquare(3*x^2+2*x,x);
2
1 1
3 xC K (43)
3 3
O completesquare(1/(sin(t)^2+2*sin(t)+1),sin(t));
(44)
 1
2
(44)
sin t C1
O completesquare(x^2-2*x*a+a^2+y^2-2*y*b+b^2=23,x);
2 2 2
x Ka Cy K2 y b Cb = 23 (45)
O completesquare(%,y);
2 2
y Kb C x Ka = 23 (46)
2.4 Number Systems
convert(n,binary)
O convert(23,binary);
10111 (47)
O convert(-5,binary);
K101 (48)
O convert(0.375,binary);
0.01100000000 (49)
O convert(54.6875,binary);
5
1.101101011 10 (50)
O convert(12.34,binary);
1100.010101 (51)
O convert(789564,binary);
11000000110000111100 (52)
convert(n,decimal,binary)
O convert(101,decimal,binary);
5 (53)
O convert(101,decimal,binary);
5 (54)
O convert(11110101100,decimal,binary);
1964 (55)
O convert(11111111,decimal,2);
255 (56)
O convert(0.1101,decimal,2);
0.8125000000 (57)
O convert(1101.0111,decimal,2);
13.43750000 (58)
O convert(10101011101.01111,decimal,2);
1373.468750 (59)
EXERCISES
1)
O convert(57,binary);
111001 (60)
O convert(126,binary);
1111110 (61)
O convert(201,binary);
11001001 (62)
O convert(487956,binary);
1110111001000010100 (63)
O convert(7879564789,binary);
111010101101010001001110111110101 (64)
O convert(987.14562,binary);
9
1.111011011 10 (65)
O convert(-456,binary);
K111001000 (66)
O convert(8795.2356,binary);
13
1.000100101 10 (67)
O convert(-1213.78,binary);
10
K1.001011110 10 (68)
2)
O convert(1100110,decimal,binary);
102 (69)
O convert(1010101,decimal,2);
85 (70)
O convert(111100001,decimal,binary);
481 (71)
O convert(1010101010,decimal,binary);
682 (72)
O convert(101010.1010,decimal,binary);
42.62500000 (73)
O convert(1111.1111,decimal,2);
15.93750000 (74)
O convert(11001100.0011,decimal,2);
204.1875000 (75)