Course Information

Principles of Computer Networking (INS1077)

No. Description Weight Remark

1 Class attendance 10%
2 Mid-term exam 30% Writing +
Multiple-choice
questions
3 End-term exam 60% Writing +
Multiple-choice
questions

2
 Textbook
Kurose J.,Ross K. - Computer Networking. A Top-
Down Approach – Pearson, 8th edition (2021)

3
 Simulation Tool
Cisco Packet Tracer (access via Google account)
▪ https://skillsforall.com/resources/lab-downloads

4
How Networks Impact Daily Life

5
 How Networks Impact Daily Life
Online teaching and learning

6
 Computer Networks in Real Life

Source: Cisco Facebook, https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=646118050882887&set=a.626344649526894

7
 Host
A device that sends/receives traffic: PC, laptop,
server, phone, printer

8
 Computer Network
A collection of computers connected to each other
based on a certain architecture to be able to
exchange data

Source: https://www.conceptdraw.com/How-To-Guide/network-icon
9
 Elements of a Computer Network
Devices
▪ These are used to communicate with one another
Medium
▪ This is how the devices are connected together
Message
▪ Information that travels over the medium
Rules (Protocols)
▪ Governs how messages flow across network

10
 Requirements for Network Design

Fault tolerance
Scalability
Security
Quality of Service (QoS)

11
 Network Characteristics
Hierarchical
Common standards
Common protocols

12
 The Internet Minute

Source: https://ediscoverytoday.com/2021/04/16/here-is-your-2021-internet-minute-infographic-
ediscovery-trends/ 13
Network Symbols

14
Network Devices

15
 Throughput
speedtest.net

16
 Metric units
‘‘B’’ means ‘‘bytes’’
‘‘b’’ means ‘‘bits’’

Source: Andrew Tanenbaum et al., Computer Networks-Pearson (2021)

17
 History
Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer
(ENIAC), the first computer, 30 tons

Source: https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/ENIAC
18
 History
1947: Shockley, Bardeen, and
Brittain made the first semiconductor
transistor at Bell Lab.
1956: Shockley established the
Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory
in Palo Alto

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traitorous_eight
19
 History
Traitorous eight: Julius Blank, Victor Grinich, Jean
Hoerni, Eugene Kleiner, Jay Last, Gordon Moore,
Robert Noyce, and Sheldon Roberts
▪ Fairchild Semiconductor
▪ Intel
▪ Advanced Micro Devices (AMD)

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traitorous_eight
20
 History
In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first
artificial satellite, Sputnik.
The U.S. DoD initiated Advanced Research
Projects Agency (ARPA) to design a
communication network that could survive a
nuclear war.

21
 History
Maps of Arpanet in 1969, the precursor to the global
Internet

Source: https://world101.cfr.org/global-era-issues/cyberspace-and-cybersecurity/origins-
internet?utm_medium=referral&utm_source=docs.google.com&utm_campaign=cyber_t&l 22
 Internet use in Vietnam
There were 77.93 million internet users in Vietnam
in January 2023.
Vietnam’s internet penetration rate stood at 79.1
percent of the total population

Source: https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2023-vietnam
23
 History
1964: Paul Baran proposed using packet switching

24
 History
In 1965, Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC)
introduce the first mini-computer

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 History
1968: ARPAnet was the first packet-switching
network.
ARPANET used Network Control Protocol (NCP).
NCP was then updated to Transmission Control
Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP)

26
 History
1976: Steve Wozniak (aged 26) and Steve Jobs
(aged 21) built the first Apple computer.

27
 History
1981: The IBM PC was introduced

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 History
1983: Defense Department Closed Off From Arpanet
1986: Creation of Internet Engineering Task Force
(IETF)
1991: Tim Berners-Lee’s invention of the World
Wide Web

Source: https://world101.cfr.org/global-era-issues/cyberspace-and-cybersecurity/origins-
internet?utm_medium=referral&utm_source=docs.google.com&utm_campaign=cyber_t&l 29
 History
Floppy disk (1.44 MB)

30
 Trends in Computer Networking
Software-Defined Networking (SDN)
5G/6G Wireless Communications
Cloud Networking
Internet of Things (IoT)
Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Source: https://depositphotos.com/187123660/stock-photo-careful-doctor-touching-a-futuristic.html
31
 IT Staff
Job Description
▪ Providing technical support to staff and clients
▪ Managing computer networks, including
configuring and maintaining servers, routers, etc.
▪ Developing and implementing IT policies,
procedures, and best practices
▪ Conducting system backups and disaster
recovery procedures
▪ Providing training and support to staff on new
hardware and software systems

32
 Network Administrator
Job Description
▪ Network Installation and Configuration
▪ Network Maintenance and Upgrades
▪ Network Security
▪ User Support
▪ Documentation

33
 Networking for a new company
Main tasks
▪ Determine network requirements and plan
network infrastructure
▪ Choose network equipment and the Internet
service provider (ISP)
▪ Network equipment installation, configuration,
and testing
▪ Document the network
▪ Train employees

34
 Networking for a new office
Main tasks
▪ Determine network requirements and plan
network infrastructure
▪ Choose network equipment and the Internet
service provider (ISP)
▪ Network equipment installation, configuration,
and testing
▪ Document the network
▪ Train employees

35
 Internet in the development of E-commerce
Roles of the Internet in E-commerce
▪ Online presence
▪ Anywhere, anytime
▪ Personalization
▪ Lower costs
▪ Ease of payment

36
 Elements of Network Communication
Message source
Channel
Message destination

37
Network Media

38
 Network Types
Local Area Network (LAN)
Wide Area Network (WAN)
Global Area Network (GAN) (Internet)

39
 LAN
A network serving a home, building or campus is
considered a Local Area Network (LAN)

40
 WAN
LANs separated by geographic distance are
connected by a network known as a Wide Area
Network (WAN)

41
GAN (Internet)

42
 Protocol
A protocol defines the format, and the order of
messages exchanged for communications

43
Protocol

44
 Elements of a Protocol
Message Encoding
Message Formatting and Encapsulation
Message Timing
Message Size
Message Delivery Options

45
 Protocol
Design goals
▪ Reliability
▪ Resource allocation
▪ Evolvability
▪ Security

Source: Andrew Tanenbaum et al., Computer Networks-Pearson (2021)

46
 Layer Hierrachy
Benefits
▪ assists in protocol design
▪ fosters competition
▪ changes in one layer do not affect other layers
▪ provides a common language

47
 Standardization
Standardization: agreed specifications that require
products or services to be designed or performed
according to.
Manufacturers use standards to confirm that
products, processes, and services are suitable.

48
 Protocol suites and industry standards
A standard is a process or protocol that has been
endorsed by the networking industry and ratified by
a standards organization
A protocol model provides a model that closely
matches the structure of a particular protocol suite.
A reference model provides a common reference for
maintaining consistency within all types of network
protocols and services.

49
 Standardization organizations
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)
Electronics Industry Alliance/Telecommunications
Industry Association (EIA/TIA)
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

50
 IEEE 802 working group

Source: Andrew Tanenbaum et al., Computer Networks-Pearson (2021)

51
 TCP/IP Protocol Model
The TCP/IP model is a protocol model because it
describes the functions that occur at each layer of
protocols within the TCP/IP suite

52
 TCP/IP Protocol Model
Protocol Data Unit (PDU)

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 TCP/IP Protocol Model
The process of sending and receiving messages

54
 OSI Reference Model
The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference
model is published in 1980s by the International
Standards Organization (ISO)
A reference model provides a common reference for
maintaining consistency within all types of network
protocols and services
The OSI model is used for study/research

55
OSI Reference Model

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OSI Reference Model

Message

57
OSI Reference Model

58
 OSI Reference Model
Headers are used to manage communication

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Compare the OSI and TCP/IP Models

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 Why TCP/IP is the dominant?
“The apocalypse of the two elephants”

Source: Andrew Tanenbaum et al., Computer Networks-Pearson (2021)

61
 Physical topology
Placement of nodes

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 Logical topology
Describe the data flow

63
 Network Performance
Capacity (bandwidth): The data-carrying capability
of a circuit or network, usually measured in bits per
second (bps)
Utilization: The percent of total available capacity in
use
Throughput: Quantity of error-free data successfully
transferred between nodes per second
Offered load: Sum of all the data all network nodes
have ready to send at a particular time

Source: Priscilla Oppenheimer - Top-Down Network Design-Cisco Press (2010)

64
 Network Performance
Accuracy: The amount of useful traffic that is
correctly transmitted, relative to total traffic
Efficiency: An analysis of how much effort is
required to produce a certain amount of data
throughput
Delay (latency): Time between a frame being ready
for transmission from a node and delivery of the
frame elsewhere in the network
Response time: The amount of time between a
request for some network service and a response to
the request
Source: Priscilla Oppenheimer - Top-Down Network Design-Cisco Press (2010)
65