Practicum Research 2 A
Practicum Research 2 A
A Research Proposal
Presented to the faculty of the
Jimenez National Comprehensive High School
Jimenez, Misamis Occidental
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in
Research II
Angus, GeraMae M.
Cagas, Joel L.
Calamba, Jean Princess B.
Jumangit, Christine M.
Manlangit, Denver Jake D.
Mendoza, Alyza Demitria
Milana, Travis S.
Salvador, Predie P.
Tac-an Clemart B.
December 2, 2024
CHAPTER I
Introduction
Many teenage students today often engage themselves in relationship with their
opposite sex, this was perceived as normal for it is part of their personal and social
life. Young people are subject to biological, psychological, and social developments.
Adolescents start to have crushes and hope to approach and understand the “ideal
person” when they enter adolescence. According to the CEPS data, 42.7% of senior
high school students have admitted that had or having crushes on their friends (Jin &
Yang, 2021).
desires towards the opposite gender. Boy-girl relationships usually start when
adolescents meet with the opposite gender and they develop attraction or feelings of
likeness towards each other (Chiamaka, 2018). Adolescent romance, in the traditional
love” to imply that adolescents are too young to fall in love (Shi, 2016). However, it is
stigma, adolescents are often unwilling to communicate with their parents and
teachers when they are experiencing difficulties in a romantic relationship, which in
turn can increase the odds of unfavorable consequences (Liu & Li, 2015).
Boy-girl relationships among high school students have always been a topic of
interest and concern for educators, parents, and society as a whole. It is widely
believed that these relationships can have an impact on the academic performance of
students, especially those who are about to graduate. While it is normal for students to
engage themselves on relationships while they are studying, it also worth noticing that
positively. After entering the secondary education, adolescents are facing significant
academic changes such as academic difficulty. They must adopt a high-level learning
strategy and invest sufficient time and efforts in learning in order to achieve academic
success (Duchesne et al., 2009) But certain studies indicate that romantic relationships
al., 2017).).
Students are expected to concentrate and focus on their studies in order to succeed
High School.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
performance among grade 12 students so that the teachers can utilize it to regulate them
1.1 Age
1.4 Section
2. What is the impact of Boy-Girl relationships among G-12 Senior High School Students?
3. What are the perceived benefits and drawbacks of boy-girl relationships on academic
performance?
This study will be limited to selected respondents of Grade 12 students who are in a
relationship status. Only the above respondents of the mentioned sections were eligible to
participate as respondents in this study. The researchers will give all the respondents the same
questionnaires to answer and they would be interviewed with the same questions. This would
unrelated or irrelevant topics that are not directly related to the study.
academic performance simply makes them more efficient and focused on their studies
without interference. It provides enlightenment to the students about the positive and negative
Parents. For parents, this study would enlighten them about the impacts of Boy-Girl
Relationships on the academic performance of the children and this will help them intervene
of the students simply helps the teachers lay out various plans of intervention to protect the
safety and reputation of the students and the school itself. They could use this study to further
enlighten the students about the positive and negative impacts of boy-girl relationships on
can also sharpen and equip them with valuable research skills, such as data collection, critical
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Boy-Girl Relationships. are expressions of adolescents' deep and strong emotional desires
towards the opposite gender. Boy-girl relationships usually start when adolescents meet with
the opposite gender and they develop attraction or feelings of likeness towards each other.
Senior High School. refers to Grades 11 and 12, the last two years of the K to 12 Basic
Education Program. In SHS, students are required to go through a core curriculum and
Academics. is used to describe things that relate to the work done in schools, colleges, and
universities, especially work which involves studying and reasoning rather than practical or
technical skills.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Moderating Variable
Longevity of the
Relationship
INDEPENDENT
DEPENDENT
VARIABLE
VARIABLE
Age
Parental Support
Mediating Variable
Figure 1. Examining the impacts of boy-girl relationships on the academic performance of
the grade 12 students.
performance which serves as the dependent variable. Longevity of the Relationship, Age, and
Parental Support as the mediating variables, can impact the connection between Boy-girl
relationships and academic performance, as it could pose a positive or negative effect on their
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Having relationships is normal among students. it is part of their social and personal
comes from Thibaut and Kelley's (1959) social exchange theory, which, to summarize,
individuals explore potential relationships, assess rewards and costs evaluate alternatives.
Bargaining occurs when individuals negotiate and exchange resources, such as, time
emotional support, financial support, and intimacy. Commitment develops when individuals,
invest in the relationship, develop emotional attachment, perceive high costs of leaving, and
expect long-term benefits. Institutionalism, in the context of social exchange theory, refers to
the social norms, cultural expectations, institutional constraints, and power structures. These
four elements are vital on examining the impacts of Boy-Girl Relationships on their academic
performance.
Another theory proposed by Walster et al. (1978), equity theory states that partners are
concerned with fairness in relationships, concerning the input and output each partner
provides and receives from one another. When one partner reaps more rewards from a
relationship, they feel guilty, whilst the other partner is dissatisfied, and this is known as
inequity and distress. According to equity theory, partners must strive for equal costs and
Still another theory proposed by, Deci et al. (1971) explains human motivation, development,
and well-being, especially among students who is engaged in romantic relationships. This
Amotivation. Intrinsic refers to a person or a student, who is the focus of this research does
student driven by external rewards, pressures, or expectations, and the last one is
Amotivation which refers to a lack of motivation, these three types of motivation can either
These theories and their proponents offer valuable framework on the empirical research on
the impacts of boy-girl relationships on the academic performance of the grade 12 students.
Applying these theories can help the researchers lay out various strategies to enhance the
This chapter contains the journals, articles and other studies related to this research.
Boy-girl Relationships
studies examining their impact on student behavior, academic performance, and personal
Over the past decades, a classical theme discussed by scholars revolves around
romantic relationships among high school students. A careful literature review shows that the
focus on this subject is skewed towards adults and young adults (mostly high school students)
Li, Huang, & Shen, (2019). Adolescent relationships are common, with 60-70% of high
school students reporting romantic involvement (CDC, 2019). According to Social Exchange
Theory (SET), adolescents may engage in relationships due to perceived rewards, which
include, emotional support, feeling loved, cared for, achieving social status, gaining
interest, shared identity, aligning interests, values, or passions. The research finds that the
lower and their risk of having negative emotions is also lower than their counterparts outside
relationship. (Jin Honghao, Yang Po, Yang Tianyu, 2021). But the respectful relationship
between lovers also had significant and positive influences on" academic benefit”. (Okada, et
al, 2017). Also, some results highlight that a majority of the respondents have experienced
distraction, stress, and low academic performance due to infatuation and romantic
relationship. It has a negative impact on learning behavior among adolescents undergoing
infatuation or romantic relation. (Itagi, G., et al, 2021). Approximately, one-third of Chinese
adolescents surveyed (34.2%) have past or ongoing dating experience, who showed poorer
Social exchange theory is a broad conceptual paradigm that spans a number of social
scientific disciplines, such as management, social psychology, and anthropology. Despite its
name, it is not a single theory but is better understood as a family of conceptual models
(Cropanzano&Mitchell,2016)
In social exchanges, like economic exchanges, people seek profit and are disturbed when
there is no equity in an exchange or when others are rewarded more at the same costs
incurred by the individual (Redmond, 2015). Social exchange theory addresses three
questions. Firstly, the question of how people make decisions about how much they are
willing to give in exchange for a particular reward. Secondly, what factors influence people
to pursue or terminate relationships. And lastly, Why and whether people feel resentment
when they feel they have put more effort into sustaining a relationship than their partner
(Redmond, 2015). Social exchange theory has its roots in Homan’s (1958) paper Social
Behavior as Exchange. In this work, Homans contrasted the actions and exchanges of
individuals to the actions of institutions. He believed that individual behaviors and exchanges
could affect the actions of institutions. Blau’s (2017) Exchange and Power in Social Life
drew on Homan’s focus on groups and institutions to lay the theoretical foundation for social
exchange theory. Unlike Humans, who emphasized psychology as the foundation of human
exchange theory’s foundational principles have inspired a large number of alternate theories.
These range from applications of social exchange theory in a specific concept to expanding
Self-Determination Theory proposed by, Deci et al. (1971) explains human motivation,
relationships,
Self-determination is a theory of human motivation and personality that suggests that people
can become self-determined when their needs for competence, relatedness, and autonomy are
fulfilled. Examples of such need is the romantic relationships or the need to have a
companion, which is common among the students. People tend to become happier when
pursuing things that are intrinsically motivated and aligned with their own goals – it not only
makes them feel more responsible about the outcomes, it also helps them to really focus their
time on what they want to be doing. Although many studies have examined the relation of
the results have been inconsistent. The present investigation represents the first systematic
attempt to use a meta-analysis and controlled, longitudinal studies to examine the relations of
Academic Performance
performance is the output given by students and is typically expressed through grades. It is an
assessment of the responsive and suggestive abilities that effectively convey the knowledge
and skills acquired during a training or educational process. Male and female adolescents
have significant differences in the way they perceive and experience romantic relationships
and dating behaviors (Shen, 2014). Additionally, conflicts negatively affected academic
Methodology
In this chapter, the researchers explore the research design, research environment,
research participants, instrument and data analysis, data gathering procedure, and statistical
treatment of data.
RESEARCH DESIGN
For this study, a mixed research approach is being utilized. It is a method that
without establishing causation. The objective of this study is to explore and examine the
RESEARCH ENVIRONMENT/LOCALE
The locale of the study is Jimenez National Comprehensive High School, bearing the
school ID 304037 and is located and is located Purok -1, Barangay Gata, Jimenez, Misamis
Occidental. The school’s location and its many students will add valuable insights to the
study, and along with careful selection, this will make the results more reliable and useful.
The researchers chose the JNCHS to quickly gather data for the study.
RESEARCH PARTICIPANTS
The respondents of this study are the Grade 12 Senior High School students who have
girlfriends and boyfriends and are enrolled in the school year of 2024-2025. Purposive
sampling method is employed to select participants based on the criteria and to ensure that
the results of the survey and interviews was clear and accurate.
INSTRUMENT USED
The tool that will be used in the study is the standardized questionnaire, the
researchers will also conduct semi-structured interviews on selected individuals of the Grade
flexibility with some structure. This is essential when the research design used is the Mixed
Method where both qualitative and quantitative research methods are being employed.
The research adviser carefully reviewed and revised the original study title to ensure it
aligned with the research subject. The researchers will also use the standardized questionnaire
and interviews to gather appropriate response for the study’s objectives. The adviser, with the
help of other experienced research teachers analyzed and verified the questionnaire to ensure
the validity of the responses it would elicit. The researchers will obtain permission from the
school head’s office at Jimenez National Comprehensive High School to conduct the
research. The questionnaire and the structured interviews would be conducted to the selected
respondents of the Grade level of 12. All the data gathered came directly to the target
answers. No fabrication occurred during the research. All procedures performed during the
study went through the proper process, followed the rules, and were done correctly.
Before the students will answer the research questions and the interviews, there will
be a declaimer that showed that digital privacy documentation should not be shared, and the
researchers will ask for consent in their information could be used. There are no violations
that will take place. All the information that researchers received from the selected
respondents will be kept well hidden from the public eye. If the students want to see the
All URL’s taken by the researchers were very in-depth citation, including their links
and names in the annexes and reference section. The researchers ensured that it was 100%
factual, accurate and nothing was taken from another source. The researchers also ensured
that no plagiarism or any related cases would happen during the reference gathering.
STATISTICAL TOOLS
In this study, the researchers will utilize statistical method such as the triangulation.
investigators to increase the validity and reliability of findings. The process employs the
methodological triangulation, one of its sub-categories on the analysis of the data that will
pour in from the surveys and interviews. Triangulation guarantees increased validity, reduced
bias, and increased credibility. The researchers will also use the Likert scale, in combination
with triangulation to interpret the students’ responses. This aims to generate factual and
accurate data based on the collected responses of the respondents. This was the following
formula will be used by the respondents to interpret the data. The researchers will use the
DATA ANALYSIS
In this study, the data gathered were presented and analyzed by the use of survey
Design will be used, it is a method where three phases of analysis were to be employed, the
first one is the Qualitative phase, it explores the research context through qualitative data
collection (interviews, focus groups) and analysis (coding, and theme identification).The
second phase is the Quantitative phase, it is to develop and test hypotheses based on
qualitative findings using quantitative methods such as surveys. And the last phase is the
conclusions.
References
Chiamaka, E. J. (2018). Assessment of the impact of boy-girl relationship on academic
performance among public secondary school students in Imenti North sub county, Meru Kenya
Honghao, J., Po, Y., & Tianyu, Y. (2021). The influence of adolescents’ romantic relationship on
individual development: Evidence from China. International Journal of Chinese Education, 10(3),
22125868211070036.
Liu, H., & Li, C. (2015). A comparative study of campus "puppy love" between China and the
9, 44-49.
Duchesne, S., Ratelle, C. F., Poitras, S.-C., & Drouin, E. (2009). Early adolescent attachment to
parents, emotional problems, and teacher-academic worries about the middle school transition.
Schmidt, J., & Lockwood, B. (2017). Love and other grades: A study of the effects of romantic
relationship status on the academic performance of university students. Journal of College Student
Brooks-Gunn, J., & Peterson, A. C. (2013). Girls at puberty: Biological and psychosocial
Shen, A. C. (2014). Dating violence and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in Taiwanese
college students: The roles of cultural beliefs. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 29(4), 635–658.
Chanda, L. (2024). Exploring the Factors Behind Romantic Relationship Conflicts Among
Okada, M., & Doki, K. (2017). The Effects of Romantic Relationships on University Students'
Ting, T. T., Lee, S. C., Wee, M. C., & Chaw, J. K. (2024). Romantic relationship patterns, detailed
covariates, and impacts on education: A study on young adults in the US using ICPSR dataset.
Cropanzano, R., Anthony, E. L., Daniels, S. R., & Hall, A. V. (2017). Social exchange theory: A
critical review with theoretical remedies. Academy of management annals, 11(1), 479-516.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2024). Self-determination theory. In Encyclopedia of quality of life
SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE
NAME(Optional) .
Instructions: Please read each statement carefully and choose the answer that best reflects
your preferred learning modalities. Choose only ONE answer per question.
AGE
□ 16 □ 18
□ 17 □ 19
SEX
□ MALE
□ FEMALE
SECTION
□ ACADEMICIANS – A
□ ACADEMICIANS – B
□ NETWORKERS
□ BAKERS
MONTHS/YEARS IN RELATIONSHIP
□ 5 MONTHS
□ 6 MONTHS
□ 7 MONTHS
□ 8 MONTHS
□ 9 MONTHS
9 Months and above (please specify). .
Section III
Instructions: Choose the frequency that best describes your experience with boy-girl relationships and its
impact to your academic performance.
Btth4therrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrtttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt
ttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt
ttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt
ttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt
ttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt
ttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt
tttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt .
2. Does having a boyfriend/girlfriend help you get organized and manage your time better for
school?
Btth4therrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrtttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt
ttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt
ttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt
ttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt
ttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt
ttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt
tttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt .
3. 3. Can talking to your boyfriend/girlfriend about school help you learn and solve problems
better?
Btth4therrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrtttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt
ttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt
ttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt
ttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt
ttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt
ttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt
tttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt .