Abpsy Ass 4

1.
Identify and enumerate the statement of the problem and the variables
from the study.
Answer amplification: Try to enumerate the research questions as
learned from your basic research, and identify the variables being
treated in the study. For example: What are the levels of self-esteem
among Young Filipino Part-Time Workers in terms of...; Variables: Self-
Esteem (Independent Variable) and Length of hours in part-time work
(Dependent Variable)
Statement of the problem: Explore how parents of children displaying

DBP, diagnosed with ODD, describe the difficulties they face in their
family and parenting situations before entering a PT program.
Research question: How do parents of children with ODD describe the

challenges they face in their family and parenting situations before
entering a PT program?
Variables: Not applicable because the study is qualitative.
2. How were the related literature compared and contrasted as presented

in the study? (Give at least 1 each, and cite its author/s).
Supported:
- In their 2020 study, Butler and colleagues emphasized the significance of recognizing
the experiences of parents who have children with DPB. Understanding their
perspectives is crucial in identifying the factors that may contribute to or hinder
positive outcomes for families receiving PT.
- According to a study conducted in 2017, parents can experience higher levels of
stress while regulating their emotions when dealing with children who have difficult
temperaments (Crespo et al., 2017).
Contrasted: Not applicable. No contrasting related literature has been found.
3. Identify and enumerate the hypotheses or assumptions of the study.

The study follows a qualitative research design, thus, hypotheses or
assumptions may not apply. In qualitative research, we do not test
hypotheses or previous assumptions/theories (this is done through
quantitative research). Instead, we focus on understanding the
concepts, thoughts, and experiences of a particular group (Streefkerk,
2023).
4. What are the methods used in the study? Specifically, the
subjects/sample, instruments used, and design and procedure.
- Answer amplification: Describe the targeted sample and
sampling technique used; the instruments used which includes the
reliability and validity coefficients; and the research design and
procedure.
a. Targeted sample/subjects: The research focused on parents who

have children with disruptive behavior problems, particularly
those who have been diagnosed with oppositional defiant
disorder (ODD).
b. Research design: The study follows a qualitative study where

researchers conducted interviews with the participants to
understand their experiences with having children diagnosed
with ODD. Although it is not explicitly mentioned, it appears that
the study highlights the use of phenomenological research
design in order to describe, explore, and understand the unique
experiences of primary care patients and clinicians with regard
to the diagnosis and treatment of bipolar disorder. As Creswell
(2013) defined, “phenomenology is an approach that focuses on
the commonality of a lived experience within a particular group,”
with its primary goal to “arrive at a description of the particular
phenomenon.”
c. Sampling technique: The researchers did not explicitly mention

the sampling technique used, however, it appears that purposive
sampling method was utilized for the study. Purposive sampling
refers to intentionally choosing samples according to the needs
of the study. In this case, nineteen (19) parents of children aged
3 to 8 years with diagnosed ODD were chosen because they
were the most appropriate participants to achieve the research
goal.
d. Instruments used and procedure: The researchers conducted

semi-structured diagnostic interviews and modified background
interviews with the parents of children with disruptive behavior
problems, specifically, those diagnosed with ODD, who had
signed up for a parent training (PT) program provided by Child
and Adolescent Mental Health Service. Interviews were recorded
using audiotapes and were transcribed for data analysis. The
transcriptions were then entered into Atlas.ti, a software tool
used to code and analyze qualitative data. The team employed a
contextual approach for inductive thematic analysis to identify
emerging themes.
5. What was the statistical treatment used in the study? How can you say
that it was the right statistical treatment for the data?
N/A
6. How can you relate and connect the implications of the results and
conclusions among Filipino population and culture?
The study highlights the challenges that parents of children with disruptive behavior problems
(DBP), specifically oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), face. The findings emphasize the
importance of addressing the mental health problems of parents, their capacity for emotion
regulation, parental alliance, lack of parental strategies, perceived helplessness, sense of
isolation, and absence of supportive social networks. These factors are universal challenges faced
by parents in various cultural contexts, including the Filipino population.
The study suggests that interventions aimed at helping and supporting parents of children with
DBP, including ODD, should take into account these factors when designing tailored
interventions. In Filipino culture, which places great value on strong family ties and community
support, the saying "It takes a village to raise a child" is particularly relevant. Therefore,
interventions should also aim to foster good and trusting relationships with various networks,
such as healthcare professionals, social services, and schools, to provide comprehensive support
for families.
The study sheds light on the difficulties faced by parents of children with disruptive behavior
problems (DBP), specifically oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). The findings highlight the
significance of addressing the mental health issues of parents, their ability to regulate emotions,
perceived helplessness, lack of parental strategies, sense of isolation, and absence of supportive
social networks. These factors are universal challenges that parents face in different cultural
contexts, and they likely apply to the Filipino population too. Therefore, the study suggests that
interventions aimed at helping and supporting parents of children with DBP, including ODD,
should take these factors into account when building interventions.
In the Filipino culture, where strong family ties and community support are highly valued, the
proverb "It takes a village to raise a child" holds particular relevance. Thus, interventions should
also focus on building strong and trusting relationships with various networks, such as
healthcare professionals, social services, and schools, to provide comprehensive support for
families.
In addition, lack of reports on the prevalence of DBPs and ODD in the Philippines was
observed. This may be due to the ongoing stigma surrounding mental health issues
among Filipinos. Therefore, further research is necessary to explore the prevalence of
these disorders among Filipino children and to understand their parents' experiences.
The above study can serve as an essential basis for future local
studies, and by also exploring the identified themes, we can gain a
better understanding of the unique challenges that Filipinos with
bipolar disorder face. Moreover, conducting more focused studies
within the Filipino population not only helps raise awareness about the
prevalence of DBPs and ODD but also provides a potential framework
for shaping mental health policies in the Philippines focusing on
children. This dual impact on research and policy can significantly
enhance the overall mental health situation in the country.
The study discussed above can serve as a crucial basis for future local
research. By delving into the identified themes, we can gain a better
understanding of the unique challenges that Filipino parents with
children who have DBPs or ODD face. Conducting more focused studies
within the Filipino population not only helps raise awareness about the
prevalence of DBPs and ODD, but also provides a potential framework
for shaping mental health policies in the Philippines, with a particular
focus on children and parents. This dual impact on research and policy
can significantly improve the overall mental health situation in the
country.
7. Using APA 7th edition, cite the study as a reference.
Creswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry & research design: Choosing among five
approaches(3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Butler, J., Gregg, L., Calam, R., & Wittkowski, A. (2020). Parents’ perceptions and
experiences of parenting programmes: A systematic review and metasynthesis of the
qualitative literature. Clinical child and family psychology review, 23, 176-204.
Ljungström, B., Sarenmalm, E. K., & Axberg, U. (2020). “Since his birth, I’ve always
been old” the experience of being parents to children displaying disruptive behavior
problems: a qualitative study. BMC Psychology, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-
020-00465-7
Streefkerk, R. (2023, June 22). Qualitative vs. Quantitative Research | Differences,

Examples & Methods. Scribbr. https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/qualitative-
quantitative-research/

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1.

Statement of the problem: Explore how parents of children displaying

Research question: How do parents of children with ODD describe the

Variables: Not applicable because the study is qualitative.

2. How were the related literature compared and contrasted as presented

Contrasted: Not applicable. No contrasting related literature has been found.

3. Identify and enumerate the hypotheses or assumptions of the study.

a. Targeted sample/subjects: The research focused on parents who

b. Research design: The study follows a qualitative study where

c. Sampling technique: The researchers did not explicitly mention

d. Instruments used and procedure: The researchers conducted

7. Using APA 7th edition, cite the study as a reference.

Streefkerk, R. (2023, June 22). Qualitative vs. Quantitative Research | Differences,

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