GRAMMER
DONE BY : BHAVYA
HARSHINI.
11504
Table of contents
01 Active and Passive Voice
02 Tenses
03 Subject Verb Agreement
Active & Passive Voice
Active Voice: The subject performs the action expressed by the verb. This structure is direct and
clear. Active voice tends to be more straightforward and engaging.
Example:
The chef (subject) cooked (verb) the meal (object).
Passive Voice: The subject is acted upon by the verb. This structure can be useful when the
action is more important than the subject. Passive voice can shift focus onto the action or the object.
Example:
The meal (subject) was cooked (verb) by the chef (agent).
How to Transform Active Voice to Passive Voice :
➢ Identify the subject, verb, and object: Find the doer (subject), the action (verb), and the receiver
(object).
• Active: The chef (subject) cooked (verb) the meal (object).
➢ Move the object to the subject position: Make the object of the active sentence the subject of the
passive sentence.
▪ Passive: The meal...
➢ Use the appropriate form of the verb "to be": Adjust the verb "to be" to match the tense of the main
verb.
▪ Past Simple: The meal was...
➢ Use the past participle of the main verb: Replace the main verb with its past participle form.
▪ Passive: The meal was cooked...
➢ Add the original subject (if necessary) preceded by "by": This part is optional if you want to
emphasize the doer.
▪ Passive: The meal was cooked by the chef.
● Active: The chef cooked the meal. Passive: The meal was cooked by the chef.
Tenses
● An aspect of verb which tells the time of an action is called Tense.
● Tenses have certain rules, according to which a sentence is made,
● Tense of a sentence gives us an idea of the time when the incident or action mentioned in
the statement takes place.
Tense Chart
SIMPLE CONTINUOUS PERFECT
PRESENT sub + VI + obj. Sub + is/am/are + Sub + has/have +V3 +
VI + Ing + obj obj
EXAMPLE She goes to a school . She is going to a She has gone to
school . school .
PAST sub + V2 + obj. sub + was/ were + Sub + had + V3 +obj
VI ing +obj.
EXAMPLE She went to school . She was going to She had gone to
school . school .
FUTURE sub+ will/shall+V1+ sub+ will/shall+ be sub+ will/shall+ have
obj +V1+ Ing + obj +V3+obj
EXAMPLE She will go to school. She will be going to She will be gone to
school . the school .
Subject Verb Agreement
Subject-verb agreement is a crucial grammar rule ensuring that verbs align with their
subjects in both number (singular or plural) and person (first, second, or third).
Essentially, this means that:
❖ A singular subject pairs with a singular verb.
Example: She reads every morning.
❖ A plural subject pairs with a plural verb.
Example: They read every morning
Benefits of Subject-Verb Agreement:
➢ Enhances Sentence Clarity
➢ Grammatical Consistency
➢ Prevents Misunderstandings
Rules for Subject-Verb Agreement :
1) Singular and Plural Subjects
i. Singular Subject: Use a singular verb.
Example: The cat jumps on the table.
ii. Plural Subject: Use a plural verb.
Example: The cats jump on the table.
2) Compound Subjects
When two subjects are joined by and use a plural verb.
Example: The dog and the cat are playing
.
3) Subjects Joined by Or/Nor
The verb agrees with the subject closer to it.
Example: Neither the teacher nor the students were ready.
4) Collective Nouns
• Use a singular verb when the group acts as a single entity.
Example: The team wins every game.
▪ Use a plural verb when individuals within the group act separately.
Example: The team are arguing among themselves.
5) Indefinite Pronouns
▪ Some pronouns are always singular and take singular verbs (e.g., each, everyone).
Example: Everyone is invited to the party.
▪ Some are always plural and take plural verbs (e.g., few, many).
Example: Few know the truth.
▪ Some can be singular or plural depending on the context (e.g., all, some).
Example: All the cake is gone. / All the cakes are gone.
THANK YOU
