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DBMS: Course Objectives

COURSE OBJECTIVES

APEX INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY The Course aims to:

• Understand database system concepts and design databases for different applications
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
and to acquire the knowledge on DBMS and RDBMS.
• Implement and understand different types of DDL, DML and DCL statements.
Database Management System (21CSH-243)
• Understand transaction concepts related to databases and recovery/backup techniques
Faculty: Prof. (Dr.) Vineet Mehan (E13038)
required for the proper storage of data.

Lecture - 6 DISCOVER . LEARN . EMPOWER

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ADVANTAGES OF DBMS OVER FILE PROCESSING SYSTEM

COURSE OUTCOMES Unit-1 Syllabus

Unit-1 Introduction to Databases and Relational Algebra
On completion of this course, the students shall be able to:-
Overview of Database concepts, DBMS, Data Base System Architecture (Three
Understand the database concept, system architecture and role of database Databases: Level ANSI-SPARC Architecture), Advantages and Disadvantages of
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administrator DBMS, Data Independence, DBA and Responsibilities of DBA,
Relational Data Structure, Keys, Relations, Attributes, Schema and
Instances, Referential integrity, Entity integrity.

Data Models: Relational Model, Network Model, Hierarchical Model, ER Model:

Design, issues, Mapping constraints, ER diagram, Comparison of
Models
Relational Introduction, Syntax, Semantics, Additional operators, Grouping and
Algebra & Ungrouping, Relational comparisons, Tuple Calculus, Domain
Relational Calculus, Calculus Vs Algebra, Computational capabilities
Calculus:
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SUGGESTIVE READINGS CASE STUDY: COLLEGE FILES

• TEXT BOOKS
Controlling Data Redundancy
• Ramez Elmasri and Shamkant B. Navathe, “Fundamentals of Database
System”, The Benjamin / Cummings Publishing Co
• Korth and Silberschatz Abraham, “Database System Concepts”, McGraw Hall
• Pratt, “ DBMS”, Cengage Learning

• REFERENCE BOOKS
• C.J.Date, “An Introduction to Database Systems”, Addison Wesley
• Rob,” Database Principal Fundamental Design, Cengage Learning

By: Pramod Vishwakarma (E9758) 5 6

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ADVANTAGES OF DBMS OVER FILE ADVANTAGES OF DBMS OVER FILE

PROCESSING SYSTEM PROCESSING SYSTEM
• Controlling Data Redundancy • The data is recorded at only one place in the database and it is not
duplicated.
• In non-database systems (traditional computer file processing), each
application program has its own files. • In DBMS, the data redundancy can be controlled or reduced but is not
removed completely.
• In this case, the duplicated copies of the same data are created at
many places.
• Sometimes, it is necessary to create duplicate copies of the same data
items in order to relate tables with each other.
• In DBMS, all the data of an organization is integrated into a single
database.
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ADVANTAGES OF DBMS OVER FILE

CASE STUDY: COLLEGE FILES
PROCESSING SYSTEM
• By controlling the data redundancy, you can save storage space.
Data Consistency

• Similarly, it is useful for retrieving data quickly from database using

queries.

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ADVANTAGES OF DBMS OVER FILE ADVANTAGES OF DBMS OVER FILE

PROCESSING SYSTEM PROCESSING SYSTEM
• Data Consistency • If the DBMS has reduced redundancy to a minimum level, the
database system enforces consistency.
• By controlling the data redundancy, the data consistency is obtained.
• It means that when a data item appears more than once in the
database and is updated.
• If a data item appears only once, any update to its value has to be
performed only once
• The DBMS automatically updates each occurrence of a data item in
the database.
• Updated value is immediately available to all users.

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ADVANTAGES OF DBMS OVER FILE ADVANTAGES OF DBMS OVER FILE

PROCESSING SYSTEM PROCESSING SYSTEM
• Data Sharing: • The remote users can also share same data.

• In DBMS, data can be shared by authorized users of the organization. • Similarly, the data of same database can be shared between different
application programs.
• Many users can be authorized to access the same set of information
simultaneously.

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ADVANTAGES OF DBMS OVER FILE ADVANTAGES OF DBMS OVER FILE

PROCESSING SYSTEM PROCESSING SYSTEM
• Data Integration: • Integrity Constraints:

• In DBMS, data in database is stored in tables. • Integrity constraints or consistency rules can be applied to database
so that the correct data can be entered into database.
• A single database contains multiple tables and relationships can be
created between tables. • The constraints may be applied to data item within a single record or
they may be applied to relationships between records.
• This makes it easy to retrieve and update data.

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ADVANTAGES OF DBMS OVER FILE ADVANTAGES OF DBMS OVER FILE

PROCESSING SYSTEM PROCESSING SYSTEM
• Examples: • Data Security:
• The examples of integrity constraints are:
• (i) 'Issue Date' in a library system cannot be later than the • Data security is the protection of the database from unauthorized
corresponding 'Return Date' of a book. users.
• (ii) Maximum obtained marks in a subject cannot exceed 100.
• (iii) Registration number of BCS and MCS students must start with • Only the authorized persons are allowed to access the database.
'BCS' and 'MCS' respectively etc.

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ADVANTAGES OF DBMS OVER FILE ADVANTAGES OF DBMS OVER FILE

PROCESSING SYSTEM PROCESSING SYSTEM
• Some of the users may be allowed to access only a part of database • For example, if you have an account of e-mail in the "hotmail.com" (a
i.e., the data that is related to them or related to their department. popular website), then you have to give your correct username and
password to access your account of e-mail.
• The user enters his/her account number (or username) and password
to access the data from database.
• Similarly, when you insert your ATM card into the Auto Teller Machine
(ATM) in a bank, the machine reads your ID number printed on the
card and then asks you to enter your pin code (or password). In this
way, you can access your account.

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ADVANTAGES OF DBMS OVER FILE ADVANTAGES OF DBMS OVER FILE

PROCESSING SYSTEM PROCESSING SYSTEM
• Data Atomicity: • All these tasks collectively are called an atomic unit of work or
• A transaction in commercial databases is referred to as atomic unit of transaction.
work.
• These tasks must be completed in all; otherwise partially completed
• For example, when you purchase something from a point of sale tasks are rolled back.
(POS) terminal, a number of tasks are performed such as;
• Company stock is updated. • Thus through DBMS, it is ensured that only consistent data exists
• Amount is added in company's account. within the database.
• Sales person's commission increases etc.
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ADVANTAGES OF DBMS OVER FILE ADVANTAGES OF DBMS OVER FILE

PROCESSING SYSTEM PROCESSING SYSTEM
• Control Over Concurrency: • Most DBMSs have sub-systems to control the concurrency so that
• In a computer file-based system, if two users are allowed to access transactions are always recorded" with accuracy.
data simultaneously, it is possible that they will interfere with each
other.

• For example, if both users attempt to perform update operation on

the same record, then one may overwrite the values recorded by the
other.

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ADVANTAGES OF DBMS OVER FILE ADVANTAGES OF DBMS OVER FILE

PROCESSING SYSTEM PROCESSING SYSTEM
• Data Independence: • The DBMS sits in between them.

• The separation of data structure of database from the application • You can easily change the structure of database without modifying
program that is used to access data from database is called data the application program.
independence.
• For example you can modify the size or data type of a data items
• In DBMS, database and application programs are separated from each (fields of a database table).
other.

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ADVANTAGES OF DBMS OVER FILE ADVANTAGES OF DBMS OVER FILE

PROCESSING SYSTEM PROCESSING SYSTEM
• On the other hand, in computer file-based system, the structure of • Backup and Recovery Procedures:
data items are built into the individual application programs.
• In a computer file-based system, the user creates the backup of data
• Thus the data is dependent on the data file and vice versa. regularly to protect the valuable data from damaging due to failures.

• It is a time consuming method, if volume of data is large.

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ADVANTAGES OF DBMS OVER FILE

Summary
PROCESSING SYSTEM
• Most of the DBMSs provide the 'backup and recovery' sub-systems • Controlling Data Redundancy
that automatically create the backup of data and restore data if • Data Consistency
required. • Data Sharing
• Data Integration
• The recovery sub-system is responsible for making sure that the • Integrity Constraints
database is restored to the state it was in before the program started • Data Security
executing.
• Control Over Concurrency
• Data Independence
• Backup and Recovery Procedures

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Assessment Questions References

• Identify 5 disadvantages of DBMS. • http://navdeep19.blogspot.in/2012/04/advantages-and-disadvantages-of.html

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THANK YOU

For queries
Email: [email protected]
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