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 Baseball
Superstars

Ty Cobb
 Hank Aaron
ty Cobb
Lou Gehrig
Derek Jeter
Randy Johnson
Mike Piazza
Kirby Puckett
Jackie Robinson
Ichiro suzuki
bernie Williams
 Baseball
Superstars

Ty
Cobb
Dennis Abrams
ty cobb

Copyright © 2007 by Infobase Publishing

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or
by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any
information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher.
For information, contact:

Chelsea House
An imprint of Infobase Publishing
132 West 31st Street
New York NY 10001

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Abrams, Dennis, 1960-
Ty Cobb / Dennis Abrams.
p. cm.— (Baseball superstars)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978-0-7910-9439-6
ISBN-10: 0-7910-9439-1
1. Cobb, Ty, 1886-1961—Juvenile literature. 2. Baseball players—United States—
Biography—Juvenile literature. I. Title. II. Series.
GV865.C6A27 2007
796.357092—dc22
[B] 2007006222

Chelsea House books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quantities
for businesses, associations, institutions, or sales promotions. Please call our Special Sales
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Cover design by Ben Peterson

Printed in the United States of America

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This book is printed on acid-free paper.

All links and Web addresses were checked and verified to be correct at the time
of publication. Because of the dynamic nature of the Web, some addresses and links
may have changed since publication and may no longer be valid.
 Contents

1 Hero Worship 1

2 Childhood 9

3 What About Baseball? 23

4 Early Struggles 34

5 Triumph and Tragedy 46

6 The Big Leagues 56

7 A Great Ballplayer 67

8 The Greatest Player Who Ever Lived? 87

9 Final Innings 105

Statistics 116
Chronology and Timeline 118
Glossary 121
Bibliography 123
Further Reading 124
Index 126
 1

Hero Worship
A ccording to the Compact Oxford English Dictionary, a
hero is a person who is admired for his or her courage or
outstanding achievements. Throughout history, people have
always had heroes. Sometimes the heroes have been men of
legend and myth, like Hercules. The Greek hero Achilles, in
the story of the Trojan War, is another example of this kind of
hero. Sometimes the heroes have been men of great military
achievements. Men like Julius Caesar or Napoleon Bonaparte
were regarded as heroes by some for their accomplishments in
conquering other countries.
Often, heroes are people we look up to because of their
courage in standing up for what is right. Their heroism lies
in their efforts to make the world a better place for everyone.
These are people like Martin Luther King, Jr., Nelson Mandela,


 ty cobb

Eleanor Roosevelt, and Bono. As you can see, heroes may have
all different kinds of achievements.
Today, many people become heroes because of their athletic
accomplishments. Athletes like Michael Jordan, Tiger Woods,
Roger Clemens, Michelle Kwan, Peyton Manning, and Mia
Hamm are among today’s most admired athletes. Fans look up
to them for their strength and grace. They are admired for their
competitive drive and for their ability to win. People want to
be like them. Their achievements make them role models for
young and old alike.
Sports heroes, though, are not a new phenomenon. Just like
today, people in years past looked up to the athletes of their
own time. Stars from the 1920s, ’30s, ’40s, and ’50s—like Joe
DiMaggio, Joe Louis, Babe Ruth, Jackie Robinson, and Babe
Didrikson Zaharias—were admired as much by their fans as any
of today’s stars are. Many of you may have relatives old enough
to have seen these sports legends play. They would still remem-
ber their greatness and how their fans worshipped them.

THE EARLY GREATS

Very few people are alive today who watched baseball play-
ers from the early twentieth century, but players like Honus
Wagner, Christy Mathewson, and Tris Speaker were equally
admired by fans of their generation. Fans avidly traded their
baseball cards and followed their records in the newspapers.
They dreamed of playing like them. Perhaps the greatest of
these early players, and the man whom many consider to be
the greatest baseball player of all time, was Ty Cobb.
Such talk is not exaggeration. As quoted in Al Stump’s
book Cobb, renowned player and manager Casey Stengel said
in 1975, “I never saw anyone like Ty Cobb. No one even close
to him as the greatest all-time ballplayer. . . . It was like he was
superhuman.”
Baseball Hall of Famer George Sisler said about him, “The
greatness of Ty Cobb was something that had to be seen, and
 Hero Worship 

Ty Cobb, depicted in this 1912 trading card, was perhaps the

greatest baseball player of the early twentieth century. Cobb,
who played in the major leagues from 1905 to 1928, mostly
with Detroit, was known for his hitting skills and his speed
around the bases. “The greatness of Ty Cobb was something
that had to be seen, and to see him was to remember him
forever,” said George Sisler, a fellow Hall of Famer.
 ty cobb

to see him was to remember him forever.” As Joe DiMaggio

said, “Every time I hear of this guy again, I wonder how he
was possible.”
Ty Cobb’s achievements as a ballplayer are legendary.
Known for his batting ability and speed as a runner, he had no
obvious weaknesses as a player. When he retired in 1928, he
held 90 major-league records. Many of those records still stand
today. He still holds the record for the highest career major-
league batting average (.367). He won the most career batting
titles (12). He stole home plate more times than anyone who
has ever played the game (54).
Cobb’s strengths as a batter were unsurpassed. He had
an extraordinary eye for the ball. For example, he struck out
swinging only twice during the entire 1911 season. He batted
over .400 for a season three times in his career. His batting aver-
age was .320 or higher for 23 straight seasons. Even in his final
season, at the age of 41, his average was .323.
For decades, Cobb held the record for the most career
major-league hits, with 4,191. This record stood for nearly 60
years until it was finally broken by Pete Rose in 1985. It is inter-
esting to compare the amount of time Cobb and Rose each took
to reach that number. Cobb went to bat 11,429 times, averaging
one hit per 2.7270 appearances. To reach the same number of
hits, Rose batted 13,763 times, or one hit for every 3.2839 times
at bat. If Cobb had batted as many times as Rose, he would have
had 5,047 hits. Conversely, if Rose had gone to bat only as often
as Cobb, his hit total would have been only 3,480.
With his phenomenal speed, Cobb also held the record for
the most career stolen bases with 892. This record, too, was finally
broken, first by Lou Brock and then by Rickey Henderson.
In 1936, Cobb became the very first player elected to the
new Baseball Hall of Fame. Members of the Baseball Writers’
Association of America vote on which players are inducted
into the Hall of Fame, and candidates have to be named on
75 percent of the ballots. The maximum number of votes
 Hero Worship 

available on that first ballot was 226. Cobb received 222

votes. Honus Wagner and Babe Ruth tied for second place
with 215 votes each. They were followed by pitchers Christy
Mathewson with 205 votes and Walter Johnson with 189. The

national baseball hall

of fame and museum
The National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum is located
at 25 Main Street in Cooperstown, New York. It opened on
June 12, 1939.
Do you know why the museum is in Cooperstown, New York?
According to legend, Abner Doubleday, who would serve in the
Civil War as a Union general, “invented” the game of baseball
in Cooperstown in 1839. That is why it was decided to build the
Hall of Fame there, in the birthplace of baseball.
Many historians, however, doubt the Abner Doubleday/
Cooperstown story. They point out that games similar to baseball
had been played for many years before 1839. And, they say,
although Doubleday left many papers and journals, none of them
mention baseball.
The museum serves as the center for the study of baseball.
It also displays baseball-related artifacts and exhibits. And, the
Hall of Fame serves to honor baseball’s best players, managers,
umpires, and executives.
Exhibits include newspaper articles, uniforms and equipment,
photos, baseball cards, films, and plaques honoring Hall of Fame
inductees, among others. Since its inception, as of 2007, 280
individuals have been inducted into the Hall of Fame.
A trip to Cooperstown is a must for any true baseball fan.
Since its opening, more than 13 million people have visited
the hall.
 ty cobb

voting demonstrates the huge amount of respect that Cobb

had earned as a ballplayer.

NOT ALWAYS HEROIC

It is important to keep in mind that heroes are also human
beings. And as human beings, they have their weaknesses and
faults. Perfection on the field, or in any kind of endeavor,
does not necessarily make someone a perfect person. Indeed,
sometimes the very qualities that make someone a great
athlete—drive, determination, and a quest to be the best—
are often qualities that contribute to their imperfections off
the field.
We like to believe that our heroes are special. We sometimes
think that, because they are stronger or faster or can hit a base-
ball better than most other people, they must be superior to us
in all ways. That is not the case. Just like everyone else, heroes
have their flaws. They are, after all, just people.
Cobb was no exception. He was greatly admired as an
athlete. He was equally disliked for his racism and his violent
temper. As American writer Ernest Hemingway said about him,
“Ty Cobb, the greatest of all ballplayers.” But, he added, Cobb
was a terrible human being.
Throughout his career, Cobb was accused of being a “dirty”
ballplayer, an accusation he always denied. It was said that
he would do anything necessary to win. He was particularly
disliked (especially by opposing teams and their fans) for his
aggressive baserunning and stealing.
He was often accused of intentionally driving his spikes
into any fielder who tried to stand between him and the base.
It was even said that he purposely sharpened the spikes on his
shoes to cause deeper cuts when he drove them into the leg of
a shortstop, or first, second, or third baseman—or even the
catcher. Cobb always denied the truth of that story.
In his autobiography, he did admit that he would not stand
for “being taken advantage of.” As he put it,
 Hero Worship 

Ty Cobb took a high slide into the knees of the opposing team’s catcher
during a game in the 1920s. Cobb had a reputation as a “dirty” player.
He denied the accusation and said he was just doing whatever he
could to win. Off the field, too, he was known for his violent temper
and racist attitudes.

I did retaliate. That I freely admit. If a player took unfair

advantage of me, my one thought was to strike back as
quickly and effectively as I could and put the fear of God
into him. Let the other fellow fire the first shot, and he
needed to be on the qui vive (on the alert) from then on.
For I went looking for him. And when I found him, he
 ty cobb

usually regretted his act—and rarely repeated it. I commend

this procedure to all young players who are of the aggressive
type. The results are most satisfactory.

Cobb was also known for his violence off the field. On
many occasions, his violent streak got him in trouble with the
law. In 1908, for example, while walking down the street in
Detroit, he stepped into freshly poured asphalt. He was yelled at
by the man pouring the asphalt, Fred Collins, who was African
American. Cobb punched Collins, knocking him to the ground.
Cobb was charged with assault and received a suspended sen-
tence. He did pay Collins $75 to avoid a civil suit.
Incidents like that one, and worse, continued throughout
Cobb’s life. Despite his extraordinary success in baseball, he
never found a way to control his violent temper. He also never
overcame his racism against African Americans. In his mind, he
used fighting as a way to defend his “honor,” his wife, his team,
or anything else he thought was important. Unable to take a
joke or laugh at himself, Cobb frequently beat anyone who he
felt laughed at or made fun of him.
To Cobb, nothing was more important than the game of
baseball. Everything else in his life came in second to his desire
to be the best. Through talent, intelligence, determination, and
hard work, he did achieve his goal to be the best. His achieve-
ments on the field make him worthy of respect and admiration.
He was and is a true baseball hero.
But as you will see, the rest of his life was far from heroic. In
no way can he be considered a personal role model. Then again,
his goal was not to be a role model. He just wanted to play base-
ball. As Cobb put it, “Baseball was 100 percent of my life.”
 2

Childhood
T yrus “Ty” Raymond Cobb was born on December 18, 1886,
in the house that once belonged to his maternal grand-
mother. The house was located in The Narrows, in Banks
County, Georgia.
The Narrows was not an actual town. It was a poor, small
community of scattered farms in northeast Georgia. Only
about 10 dozen families lived there. There was no railroad, no
mayor, and no sheriff.
Ty’s father was William Herschel Cobb, who was born
in 1863 in Cherokee County, North Carolina, right across
the Georgia border. As a child, he left home early, traveling
by covered wagon to attend school in Hayesville. He later
graduated with first honors from the North Georgia Military


10 ty cobb

College in Dahlonega. After graduation, he began to work as

a schoolteacher.
He was an itinerant, or traveling, schoolteacher. Small com-
munities throughout rural Georgia often had only a one-room
schoolhouse. One teacher would serve to teach all grades, from
first to twelfth. These rural communities were often very poor.
Parents would come together to raise enough money to pay a
teacher for a year. Some years, though, the crops would be bad,
and in those years, they would often be unable to pay their
teacher. The teacher would then be forced to move on to a new
community. Through this constant moving, William Cobb met
the woman who would become his wife.
Amanda Chitwood was only 12 years old when she mar-
ried 20-year-old William Cobb. It was uncommon but not
rare at that time for girls that young to marry. Gossips said
that Amanda was still playing with toys at the time of her
marriage.
Three years later, when she was 15 years old, Amanda gave
birth to her oldest son, Tyrus, who became known as Ty. One
of William Cobb’s favorite stories of history was of the ancient
Phoenician city of Tyre. In 332 b.c., the residents of the city
fought bravely but ultimately lost a battle against the soldiers of
Alexander the Great. The name Tyrus was derived from Tyre.
Two years later, Amanda gave birth to another son, John
Paul. Four years after that, in 1892, Ty’s sister, Florence Leslie,
was born.
To begin to understand Ty Cobb, it is important to under-
stand where and when he grew up. The year Tyrus was born,
1886, was only 21 years after the end of the United States Civil
War. Georgia had been a part of the Confederacy. It was one of
the 11 states that seceded from the United States in 1860–61.
In part, the states left the Union to maintain their right to keep
African Americans as slaves. After the South was defeated, slav-
ery was banned throughout the United States, and the slaves
were freed.
 Childhood 11

Twenty years after the end of the war, memories were still
fresh in the minds of many Southerners. They resented that
they had lost the war. They fought it over and over again in
discussions with friends, trying to figure out how they could
have won.
Both of Ty’s grandfathers fought for the Confederacy. It
seems quite likely that they told him stories of the war and of
what they saw as the correctness of the Southern cause. Cobb
also had other relations who made names for themselves dur-
ing the war. Howell Cobb, who had been the U.S. Treasury
secretary before the war, served in the Confederate Provisional
Congress and the Confederate Army. T.R.R. Cobb was a briga-
dier general who died at the Battle of Fredericksburg.
Some people speculate that part of Cobb’s angry attitude
as a ballplayer was derived from his upbringing after the Civil
War. When Cobb broke into baseball, he was one of the few
Southerners playing the game at the professional level. The
vast majority of players were Northerners, the much hated
“Yankees” who had defeated the South in the war.
As teammate Sam Crawford is quoted as saying in Richard
Bak’s book Ty Cobb: His Tumultuous Life and Times, “He came
up from the South, you know, and he was still fighting the Civil
War. As far as he was concerned, we were all . . . Yankees before
he even met us.”
Even after the war, many Georgians still believed that
African Americans were inferior to whites. Laws were passed
that banned black people from voting, holding office, or
even going to school with whites. Many Southerners felt that
African Americans should always treat whites with respect.
They had to address white people as superiors, act in a sub-
servient manner, and refer to them as “sir” or “ma’am.” Young
Ty learned this attitude at an early age. He carried it with him
until the day he died.
For him, upholding the “honor” of the white man was
essential. Because of this, Cobb would become angry with any
12 ty cobb

Howell Cobb, who was one of Ty Cobb’s relatives, had been the
U.S. Treasury secretary before the Civil War. Then he joined the Con-
federate Army. Both of Ty’s grandfathers also fought for the Confederacy,
and when Ty was growing up, memories of the war were fresh in the
minds of Southerners. Cobb was one of the few Southerners to play
major-league ball in his time, and one teammate said he seemed to still
be fighting the Civil War.
 Childhood 13

African American who he felt spoke back to him or did not

treat him with the respect and deference he thought he should
receive. That person risked being yelled at or even physically
attacked. This behavior, while common in the South, was not as
common in the North. So, when he took such actions during his
playing days, he often received negative publicity in the press.

SETTLING DOWN
During the first six years of Tyrus’s life, the Cobb family was
constantly on the move. Going from one teaching position to
another, the family lived in Commerce, Lavonia, Carnesville,
and Hickory Grove, among other small farming communities
in Georgia.
As he described in his autobiography, My Life in Baseball:
The True Record, Ty’s earliest memories were of traveling—“of
a buggy, bumping along a red clay road. I seem to recall that I
was barefoot and wore a hickory shirt under a pair of bib over-
alls. With my legs dangling over the tailgate, I was busy winding
yarn around a small core ball. It was slow work.”
When Tyrus was six or seven, the family finally settled
down. His father was offered a position in Royston, Georgia.
Though it only had a population of about 500, the town was
fairly prosperous. It could afford to support a good school and
to pay William Cobb good wages. Soon, he was able to buy
a two-story house in town. Later, he bought a 100-acre farm
outside of town. There, he raised cotton as well as other crops
in the rich Georgia soil. The additional income helped to make
him one of the town’s more influential citizens.
Tyrus entered into the typical life of a small-town boy. He
went to school in the fall, winter, and spring. In the summer, he
worked on his father’s farm. Ty rarely, if ever, played with black
children. He did, however, claim that he learned to swim by
holding onto the neck of a young African-American boy who
would swim to the middle of a stream. He would then pull Ty
14 ty cobb

from his neck, forcing him to swim to shore on his own. Ty also
worked alongside African Americans in the fields.
Much like most children of the time, Ty fished and hunted.
His family owned many dogs. He often took his favorite, Old
Bob, exploring the countryside around his family farm. There,
they would hunt raccoon, deer, and squirrel. As a hunter, he
had the same excellent eye and quick reflexes that he would
have as a baseball player.
Some of Ty’s favorite childhood memories involve sum-
mer visits to his paternal grandfather, John “Squire” Cobb. His
grandfather lived in the Smoky Mountains, near Murphy, North
Carolina, about 110 miles (177 kilometers) from Royston.
Today, 110 miles may not seem like a great distance, but this
was before cars and highways. Making a trip of that distance
was considered a major undertaking. Ty loved his grandfather
very much. Along with his father, he was a man he could look
up to and respect.
He especially loved taking long walks with his beloved
“Granddaddy Johnny” in the Smoky Mountains. There, they
would hunt, and his grandfather would entertain Ty with tales
of Southern heroism during the Civil War. He would also tell
Ty about his adventures hunting bears in the very woods they
were exploring.
From early childhood, Ty showed some of the anger and
antisocial tendencies he displayed as an adult. In his biography
Cobb, Al Stump recounts the memories of two of Cobb’s child-
hood friends. Bud Bryant recalled:

Oh, we had some fights, toe to toe stuff. He’d win one, next
time I’d get the best of it. You couldn’t make [him] stay
down. Born to win. Touchy and stubborn about the small-
est things. There were times he’d disappear or climb a tree
and stay there for hours because his mother made him wash
some kitchen pots or sing in church. Could never laugh it off
when the joke was on him.
 Childhood 15

Another friend, Bob McCreary, remembered Ty’s constant

need to prove himself:

He could throw a rock out of sight at 12 or so and outwrestle

any of us at catch-as-catch-can not long later. He was always
thinking of new things to try. Once, down at the pond, Ty
said he could hold his breath underwater longer than any of
us. We lasted maybe a minute, while he was still down there.
Someone, probably Ty, invented the crazy trick of laying on a
railroad track and being last to roll off before the locomotive
got there. He didn’t lose that one often.

The young Ty Cobb also showed signs of the competitive

nature and quick temper that would stay with him through-
out his life. As Richard Bak quotes Cobb in his biography, Ty
Cobb: His Tumultuous Life and Times, “I was a boy with a vying
nature. I saw no point in losing, if I could win.” It was when he
did not win that his temper would flare.
When Ty was 10 years old, he was suspended from the
Royston District School for a few days. A spelling bee had
taken place between boy and girl teams. When a male classmate
missed a word and the girls’ team won, Ty hit and kicked him.
For additional punishment, William Cobb had his son clean
out the farm’s cowsheds.
As Al Stump reports in his book Cobb, Ty remembered the
incident many years later. “I never could stand losing,” he stated.
“Second place didn’t interest me. I had a fire in my belly.”
This “fire in the belly” worried William Cobb. When
Tyrus was visiting his grandfather during the summer, he
would often receive letters from his father. They would urge
him to learn to control his temper and to “stop your unsuit-
able acts.” These letters hurt Ty, who wanted nothing more
than his father’s approval.
After Ty received one such letter, his grandfather sug-
gested he do something special to make his father happy. He
16 ty cobb

thought that Ty might write an article about man’s relation

to the natural world. Ty could send it in to be published by
the weekly Royston newspaper, now owned and edited by
William Cobb.
Ty wrote an article called “Possums and Myself.” According
to Al Stump in his book Cobb, Ty praised “possums for their
finer points,” and then wrote about how he and Old Bob “treed
‘Brother Possum’ and how he’d shot, killed, gutted and skinned
him, ‘who felt no pain and made a fine cap for wearing.’”
William Cobb was pleased with the article, published it,
and sent a copy to Ty along with the following letter: “You are
making good progress in aligning yourself with the grand out-
doors, yet always remember to remain in control of yourself, to
be dutiful, to be proud, but courteously proud.”
William Cobb may have been concerned about Ty’s quick
temper. In time, he would become even more concerned about
his son’s growing passion for baseball.

TY DISCOVERS BASEBALL
Professional baseball began in the United States around 1865.
The National League was formed as the first true major league
in 1876. Around this time, baseball was first referred to as “the
national pastime.”
It bears repeating that Ty Cobb grew up in a different era
than today. There was no radio or television. There were no
movies. Other sports, like football and basketball, were just
being developed. But in nearly every American town, small
and large, boys and men alike got together to play baseball.
It was, as Richard Bak pointed out, “a national obsession.”
Children were on their own in playing baseball. Public
schools rarely offered sports as part of the curriculum. Organized
Little League Baseball did not yet exist. (It would start up in
1939.) Young people had to organize games themselves.
Cobb’s future teammate Sam Crawford had his own adven-
tures on the road as a teenage ballplayer. As he recalled in
Richard Bak’s biography of Cobb:
 Childhood 17

Every town had its own town team in those days. One of
the boys was a cornet player, and when we’d come to a town
he’d whip out that cornet and sound off. People would all
come out to see what was going on, and we’d announce
that we were the Wahoo team and were ready for a ball
game. Every little town out there on the prairie had its own
ball team and ball grounds, and we challenged them all. We

little league

Little League did not exist when Ty Cobb was a boy. Since then,
though, it has become an essential part of growing up for many
children. Millions of children around the world have learned
about baseball and teamwork by playing for their local Little
League team.
The Little League was founded by Carl Stotz, a lumberyard
clerk, in 1939. At its birth, it was a simple three-team league in
Williamsport, Pennsylvania. Today, children in countries around
the world—including Israel, Jordan, Russia, Mexico, Japan, China,
and South Africa—all play the same game as children here in the
United States.
The leagues have six divisions. These divisions are based
on the ages of the children playing. The divisions are Tee Ball,
Minors, Little (or Majors), Junior, Senior, and Big. Boys and girls
from ages 5 to 18 are eligible to play. There is also a “Challenger
Division” designed for children with disabilities.
Perhaps the most famous event in the Little League calen-
dar is the annual Little League Baseball World Series. It is held
in August of each year in South Williamsport, Pennsylvania.
Tournaments leading up to the series are held throughout the
United States and the world. In 2006, the Little League team
from Columbus, Georgia, beat the Asian representative, from
Kawaguchi City, Japan, to win the World Series.
18 ty cobb

didn’t have any uniforms or anything, just baseball shoes

maybe, but we had a manager. . .

Back in Royston, 12-year-old Ty discovered baseball. He

was a batboy for the Royston Reds, a semiprofessional home-
town team. Also, he played with the Royston Rompers, a town
team of 12- to 16-year-olds.
His father disapproved of baseball and athletics. He felt that
they were a waste of time. He saw them as a distraction from
Ty’s studies and chores on the farm. Because of his father’s atti-
tude, Ty knew that he would be unable to get money from his
father to buy a bat and a glove.
At first, he made do with using a flat board as a bat, but
that did not last long. He turned to making his own bats,
whittled down from extra lumber normally used to make
caskets. He named his favorite bat “Big Yellow.” He even took
it to bed with him.
His aunt Norah Chitwood encouraged him as a ballplayer.
During his summers at his grandfather’s, she would take
him by buggy to play baseball in the small towns of Murphy
and Andrews.
The boys whom Ty played with were bigger, stronger, and
older than he was. Baseball as it was played then was a much
rougher game than it is today. For example, base runners
nowadays can be put out by being thrown out at the base or
by being touched with the ball. Back then (although this prac-
tice was banned within just a few years), runners could also
be put out by being hit with a thrown ball. In fact, defensive
players were encouraged to throw the ball directly at the head
of the base runner—all the better to knock him out for the
rest of the game.
On one particularly memorable occasion, Ty hit a single
and was running for second base when he was hit, or “soaked,”
as it was called, with a ball to his head. The next thing he knew,
 Childhood 19

Aunt Norah was taking him off the field. He was done playing
for that day.
This rough style of play did contribute to his base-running
style, which made him one of the greatest base runners and
stealers the game has ever known. He learned to be an elusive
target, to swerve unexpectedly, and to outthink everyone on
the field.
He learned, as Al Stump relates in Cobb, by “watching the
fielders’ eyes, their jump on the ball, body lean, throwing and
release habits—every little . . . thing about them . . . keeping one
jump ahead of the defense.”
Necessity also contributed to his distinctive batting style.
Unlike most players, he held the bat with his hands wide apart
on the handle. He developed this style because it was the only
way that he could get around on the ball with his heavy home-
made bats.
Ty also learned to stand as far back from the plate as he
could. By doing so, he had just a bit more time, no more than
a split second, to “read” the pitcher’s intentions. This allowed
him to respond better to the pitch. Although a split second may
not seem like much, to a precision batter like Ty Cobb, it meant
all the difference in the world.
His batting rapidly improved. One afternoon while playing
in Murphy, he hit the ball 200 feet (61 meters) for a triple. Two
runs scored, and his team won. Ty never forgot that game. For
the first time, he felt like a real ballplayer, and he had won the
respect of his team.
Back home in Royston, William Cobb was dead set against
Ty playing baseball. One night, Ty came home from playing
a game with the Rompers with his eye closed up after he was
struck by a foul tip. As described in Stump’s Cobb, his father
was furious. “Stop it,” he ordered his son. “There is nothing
so useless on earth as knocking a string ball around a pasture
with ruffians.”
20 ty cobb

Ty Cobb’s distinctive batting style—gripping the bat with his hands

apart—developed when he was a teenager. He made his own bats,
which were heavy. Holding the bat in this manner was the only way he
could get around on the ball.

Ty’s bats were taken away from him, and he was forbid-
den to play any more baseball. It took several months for Bob
McCreary, a semipro player and a friend of William Cobb’s, to
persuade William to let Ty play baseball again. McCreary finally
convinced him that baseball could help instill a badly needed
sense of discipline in Ty. The game would also help him to
build up his muscles. (Ty was still a fairly skinny kid.)
He promised William that he would keep an eye on Ty and
keep him away from tobacco and liquor. (Baseball had such a
 Childhood 21

bad reputation with the Professor, as William Cobb was known,

that he assumed baseball would lead Ty directly to drinking
and bad behavior.) William finally relented and allowed his son
to return to the game.
Before too long, Ty began to stand out. In a game against
Harmony Grove, Ty hit three singles and made a great catch
at shortstop. The Professor, though, was determined that the
time was near for Ty to focus on his education and to settle on
a career. Baseball, in William Cobb’s eyes, was a game played by
boys, drunks, and men of bad character. He had higher aspira-
tions for his son.
As a teacher, William Cobb had a strong belief in the
importance of education. He knew that it was education that
had made his own life possible. A well-educated, self-made
man, he was far more than just a teacher and a farmer. He was,
in fact, one of Royston’s leading citizens.
He created, wrote for, and edited the local newspaper, the
Royston Record. He had been elected mayor of Royston. He
would go on to serve in the Georgia State Legislature. There,
he worked hard to improve Georgia’s public school system. In
his spare time, he read classical literature and science. Is it any
wonder that Ty looked up to his father with a sense of awe? Is it
surprising that William Cobb had high expectations of his son?
William Cobb had hopes that his son would become a
doctor. Ty had, in fact, at one time been apprenticed to a local
doctor. He even assisted in the operation on a young African-
American boy who had been shot in the stomach. With his
sharp eyesight, he helped the doctor find where the bullet had
lodged. Ty found the experience interesting, but he had no
desire to study medicine.
If not medicine, William thought a career in the military
might be just right for Ty. He felt that the structure, disci-
pline, and regimentation that the military offered would
help Ty learn to control his temper and “wild streak.” With
his political connections, William knew he would have little
22 ty cobb

difficulty securing an appointment for his son at either the

U.S. Military Academy at West Point, New York, or at the U.S.
Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland. Again, though, Ty
was just not interested.
For his part, Ty was unsure what he wanted to do when he
grew up. What he knew for sure was that he did not want to be
a farmer. Working in the fields in overalls embarrassed him.
He would even hide rather than allow any girl he knew to catch
him working hard, all hot and sweaty, on the farm.
Much to his father’s dismay, school was not a high priority
for Ty. Although intelligent, he never studied hard enough to
do more than just pass any subject. All that really excited Ty
was baseball.
It was hard, though, for him to imagine playing baseball
professionally. For a small-town Southern boy, making the leap
to the majors seemed nearly impossible. On the other hand, he
knew baseball was the one thing that he was truly good at. Deep
in his heart, he knew that he could excel at it.
As he later recalled, quoted in Richard Bak’s Cobb: His
Tumultuous Life and Times:

It wasn’t that I gave baseball a second thought as a career—

skinny ninety pounder that I was. My overwhelming need
was to prove myself a real man. In the classroom, I was
merely adequate—except for a flair for oratory, which
brought me a few prizes.
I couldn’t hope to match my celebrated father for brains.
In town ball—pitted against older boys and men at the age
of fourteen—was the chance to become more than another
schoolboy and the son of Professor Cobb.

Ty would soon learn more about his true potential as a

ballplayer. The first steps on his road to baseball immortality
were about to begin.
 3

What About
Baseball?
I n 1902, Ty Cobb was 15 years old. He was 5-foot-7 (170 cen-
timeters) and skinny, weighing only 150 pounds (68 kilo-
grams). He had a high-pitched voice, large ears, and pale skin.
He batted left-handed and threw with his right hand. And,
based on his reputation with the Rompers, he was given an
opportunity to try out for the Royston Reds, the semiprofes-
sional hometown team.
Amazingly, he made the team. Of the 15 other roster
players, nine were in their twenties. The others were 30 years
old or older. Ty was by far the youngest, smallest, and least-
experienced player on the team. But as his old ally Bob
McCreary, who was now the manager of the Reds, remem-
bered, he demonstrated enough talent to earn his spot on the
team. “Ty was a little, skinny, spare-built fellow,” he recalled

23
24 ty cobb

in Richard Bak’s Cobb, “but I thought at the time that he was

about the best natural ballplayer I had ever seen.”
William Cobb was not happy about his son’s acceptance by
the Reds. He decided, though, on a change of strategy. Rather
than argue with his son, he decided to go along with Ty’s desire
to play baseball—for the time being. He thought and hoped
that baseball would just be a passing fad and prayed that Ty
would soon grow up and choose a “real” career.
Ty was too small for any of the Reds’ uniforms. So his
Aunt Norah again stepped in to help. She cut pieces of flannel,
dyed them red, and made him his own uniform. He was ready
to play.
In the beginning, his play was not terribly impressive. With
his speed, he did well at baserunning. He also did his best at
playing shortstop and outfield. Most of the time, though, he
sat on the bench.
His father trusted McCreary so much that he allowed Ty to
accompany the team for an away game. The game was played
two counties away at Royston’s rival, Elberton. Here, Ty had
his first strong outing as a Red. Coming to bat as a left-hander,
Ty noticed that Elberton accordingly moved its outfield to the
right. At both of his at-bats, he adjusted his position at the plate
and hit two strong singles to the left, down the third baseline.
During the game, he also stole one base and initiated two double
plays. The Reds won, 7-5. His teammates were so happy with his
play that they even bought him a bacon sandwich to celebrate.
To young Ty, that game was a turning point. Many years
later, as quoted in Al Stump’s Cobb, he described his feelings to
legendary sportswriter Grantland Rice: “That day the bat actu-
ally tingled in my hands. . . . It gave off an electrical impulse
that shot through my body . . . a great feeling. . . . It told me I’d
found something I could do extremely well.”
In his own book The Tumult and the Shouting: My Life in
Sport, Grantland Rice went on to say about Cobb, “From that
 What About Baseball? 25

start, Cobb never missed an opportunity to refine his craft. A

man apart. The shrewdest athlete and perhaps the shrewdest
man I’ve ever met.”

TRIUMPH AND DISGRACE

One fielding play in a game against Harmony Grove briefly
made Ty the talk of the town. It was the eighth inning. Ty
was playing center field, and the bases were loaded, with two
men out. The batter hit a high drive toward left field. Ty, see-
ing that the left fielder would not be able to make the play,
dashed toward him. As the ball bounced off the left fielder’s
hand, Ty, moving behind him, caught the ball one-handed. In
the process, he dove so hard for the ball that he crashed into a
fence. Somehow, he managed to hold onto the ball, ensuring a
victory for the Reds.
The play was so spectacular that even William Cobb had to
acknowledge it. The Royston Record, which normally ignored
sports stories, included a report of the game.
Ty’s hot streak as a player continued. Diving, running,
playing harder and faster than anyone else, he rapidly became
a crowd favorite. Reds players were not paid. In those days,
though, fans often threw change onto the field to their favorite
players. After one game, Ty had earned $11—a huge sum of
money back then.
He picked up extra cash in other ways as well. Other teams,
not scheduled to square off against the Reds, wanted to see
the young phenomenon play. The town of Anderson, South
Carolina, offered him $2.50 per game to play against Harwell,
Georgia. Ty accepted the offer but used an alias: “Jack Jones.”
He was not worried about his father learning that he had
accepted money to play. But, by taking the money, he had tech-
nically become a professional. Because of this, he would have
been ineligible to play college sports if he chose to go to college.
Hence, the deception.
26 ty cobb

But the $5 that Ty earned playing two games for Anderson

did not last long. Ty needed to earn more money to buy a
new fielder’s glove. (A new style of glove had just appeared in

baseball gloves

Some people claim that, in 1870, Doug Allison, a catcher for

the Cincinnati Red Stockings (now the Reds), was the first
player to use a baseball glove. The first documented use of a
glove, however, was by Charlie Waitt. Playing for St. Louis as
a first baseman/outfielder in 1875, he wore a pair of flesh-
colored gloves.
The early gloves were simply leather gloves with the fingers
cut off. They would allow the same control as a bare hand, but
with the benefit of added padding.
Still, the use of gloves caught on slowly. Many baseball play-
ers of the time thought it was “unmanly” to use a glove.
When baseball star Albert Spalding adopted the glove, more
and more players began to use them. By the mid-1890s, most
players used gloves in the field.
The basic design for the glove stayed the same until 1920.
That was when Bill Doak, a pitcher for the St. Louis Cardinals,
proposed a change. He thought that a web should be placed
between the first finger and the thumb. This would create a
pocket, making it even easier to catch the ball. His suggestion
was quickly accepted. That design has become the standard for
baseball gloves.
Interestingly, after his retirement, Albert Spalding and his
brother opened a sporting-goods store in Chicago. The business
quickly expanded into the manufacture of sporting goods—the
Spalding line. Spalding is the leading manufacturer of baseball
equipment, including balls, bats, and gloves. The company also
went on to develop and manufacture the first American football,
basketball, volleyball, and liquid-center golf ball.
 What About Baseball? 27

Ty Cobb stretched to make a catch during practice with the Detroit

Tigers. The widespread use of baseball gloves did not begin until the
mid-1890s. The webbing between the thumb and the first finger did not
come about until the 1920s.
28 ty cobb

stores.) He entered a turkey shoot, but did not win any prize.
In desperation, he made what he felt was one of the biggest
mistakes of his life.
As would be expected, his father owned a large personal
library. Ty, thinking that a couple of books would never be
missed, took two of them to sell.
Unfortunately, he tried to sell them to someone who
knew his father and reported to him what Ty was trying to
do. As Al Stump reports in Cobb, William Cobb was livid: “I
thought I was raising a straight shooter, not a thief! Now you
see why I consider baseball a bad business! Your associates are
ruining you!”
Ty was devastated. Furious for making himself appear less
in his father’s eyes, he began to cry and beg for forgiveness.
His punishment was harsh. He was not to play baseball for
the Reds for an indeterminate period of time. Also, he was
assigned plenty of extra farm duties. Forced to do the work he
hated and not allowed to play the game he loved, the punish-
ment was complete.
For Ty, the summer of 1902 was one of hard work and
sweat. His father was away from home most of the summer,
because of his work as a legislator. Ty worked harder than he
ever had before. He hoped that, if he did a good job, his father
would once again be proud of him. If that happened, he hoped,
he would again be allowed to play baseball.
When William Cobb returned home in September, he was
very pleased with the job that Ty had done. Besides his normal
chores, Ty had been assigned a large plot of land for which
he was wholly responsible. Equipment, purchasing, planting,
bookkeeping—he was responsible for everything. William was
happy to see that Ty had done as he had asked and displayed
a new sense of responsibility. Ty had also learned a great deal
about agriculture in the process.
William Cobb noted a physical change in Ty as well. A
combination of hard work and a normal teenage growth spurt
Exploring the Variety of Random
Documents with Different Content
ON MANTEGNA’S SEPIA DRAWING OF JUDITH.
I.

What stony, bloodless Judith hast thou made,

Mantegna? Draped in many a stony fold,
What walking sleeper hast thou made, to hold
A stony head and an unbloody blade?
In thine own savage days, wast thou afraid
To paint such Judiths as thou mightst behold
In open street, and paint the heads that rolled
Beneath the axe, in every square displayed?
No, no; not such was Judith, on the night
When, in the silent camp, she watched alone,
Like some dumb tigress, in the tent’s dim light
Her sleeping prey; nor, when her deed was done,
She seized the head, and with intent delight
Stared in a face as quivering as her own.

II.
There was a gleam of jewels in the tent
Which one dim cresset lit—a baleful gleam—
And from his scattered armour seemed to stream
A dusky, evil light that came and went.
But from her eyes, as over him she bent,
Watching the surface of his drunken dream,
There shot a deadlier ray, a darker beam,
A look in which her life’s one lust found vent.
There was a hissing through her tightened teeth,
As with her scimitar she crouched above
His dark, doomed head, and held her perilous breath,
While ever and anon she saw him move
His red lascivious lips, and smile beneath
His curled and scented beard, and mutter love.
 STRANGLED.

There is a legend in some Spanish book

About a noisy reveller who, at night,
Returning home with others, saw a light
Shine from a window, and climbed up to look,
And saw within the room, hanged to a hook,
His own self-strangled self, grim, rigid, white,
And who, struck sober by that livid sight,
Feasting his eyes, in tongue-tied horror shook.

Has any man a fancy to peep in

And see, as through a window, in the Past,
His nobler self, self-choked with coils of sin,
Or sloth or folly? Round the throat whipped fast
The nooses give the face a stiffened grin.
’Tis but thyself. Look well. Why be aghast?
 PROMETHEAN FANCIES.
I.

When on to shuddering Caucasus God pours

The phials of his anger hoarded long,
Plunging in each abyss his fiery prong
As if to find a Titan; when loud roars
The imprisoned thunder groping for the doors
Of never-ending gorges; when, among
The desperate pines, Storm howls his battle-song—
Then wakes Prometheus, and his voice upsoars.

Yea, when the midnight tempest hurries past,

There sounds within its wail a wilder wail
Than that which tells the anguish of the blast;
And when the thunder thunders down the gale,
A laugh within its laugh tells woe so vast
That God’s own angels in the darkness quail.

II.
 Prometheus—none may see him. But at night
When heaven’s bolt has made some forest flare
On Caucasus, and when the broad red glare
Rushing from crag to crag at infinite height
Stains sleeping wastes of snow, or, ruby bright,
Runs sparkling up the glacier crests to scare
The screaming eagles out of black chasms, where
But half dislodged the darkness still clings tight—
Then on some lurid monstrous wall of rock
The Titan’s shadow suddenly appears
Gigantic, flickering, vague; and, storm-unfurled,
Seems still to brave, with hand that dim chains lock,
Midway in the unendingness of years,
The Author of the miscreated world.

THE END.

Elliot Stock, Paternoster Row, London.

BY THE SAME AUTHOR.

THE NEW MEDUSA, AND OTHER POEMS. 8s.

“We should have to go to great names among contemporary poets before

we found a volume of verse with a message so clear and so touching....
There is in the lines quoted a directness of speech due partly to the situation
of the writer and partly to the rare gift which, above all others, makes a man
a poet—a gift of truthful and sincere utterance. We have quoted from the
more personal parts of the book because we have been greatly touched by
them. But it is on the dramatic power displayed in such poems as ‘The Raft’
that the writer’s position will have to rest.”—Athenæum.
“The power which every capable reader of Mr. Lee-Hamilton’s previous
work, must have recognised is still more apparent in the New Medusa....
The imaginative power which reproduces and dramatises a certain mood of
mind is very noteworthy. It is in this faculty of what may be called
psychography, of drawing the landscape of moods with atmosphere and
environment suitable and complete, that Mr. Lee-Hamilton’s poetic power
chiefly consists.”—Academy.
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