Outlines

Lecture 01: Computer

Characteristics of Computer
Introduction to Computer
Types of Computer
Applications of Computer
Impact of Computer Age

Dr. Rahman Ali, University of Peshawar.

[email protected]

Asmat Ali, GHSS no. 1, Mingora Swat.

[email protected]
 Computer – An Introduction
 What is Computer?
• A computer is an electronic device capable of executing programmed
instructions stored in its memory, enabling it to perform various tasks
efficiently and generate desired outputs.
• A computer is an electronic device that accepts data from the user,
processes it, produces results, displays them to the users, and stores
the results for future usage.

• Four basic components of Computer:

 Input Unit / Input devices
 Output Unit / Output devices
 Storage Unit / Storage devices / Memory
 Central Processing Unit (CPU) / Processing Unit

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 Basic Architecture Of Computer
CENTRAL PROCESSING
UNIT (CPU)
Arithmetic
Logic Unit
INPUT UNIT (ALU) OUTPUT UNIT
Keyboard Monitor
Control Unit Printer
Mouse
(CU)
Scanner Speaker

Information
Joystick Headphones
Biometric Projector
Data

Microphone Primary GPS

And many more….... Memory And many more…....

Secondary
Memory Data Flow
STORAGE UNIT Control Flow

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 Characteristics of Computer

Speed

Artificial
Intelligence
Accuracy
& Decision
Making

CHARACTERISTIC
Memory S OF Diligence

COMPUTER

Automation Versatility

Reliability

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 Characteristics of Computer
 Speed
Computers excel in speed, processing millions of instructions per second,
measured in MegaHertz and GigaHertz. This rapidity enables quick and efficient
task execution, surpassing human capabilities.

 Diligence
A human cannot work for several hours without resting, yet a computer never
tires. A computer can conduct millions of calculations per second with complete
precision without stopping. A computer can consistently and accurately do
millions of jobs or calculations. There is no weariness or lack of concentration.

 Reliability
Reliability is a key feature of computers. The output remains consistent
when the input is the same, ensuring dependable and predictable results.
This characteristic underscores the trustworthiness of computers in
processing data.

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 Characteristics of Computer
 Versatility
Versatility defines computers' capacity to perform diverse tasks with equal
accuracy and efficiency. The ability to handle multiple tasks simultaneously, for
example, while listening to some audio, we may develop our project using
PowerPoint and WordPad, or we can design a website.

 Automation
Computers showcase automation capabilities by executing programmed tasks
automatically. This feature, driven by scripts or batch processing, replaces
manual labor on a large scale, contributing to increased efficiency.

 Memory
Computers boast impressive memory capacity, measured in Bytes, Kilobytes(KB),
Megabytes(MB), Gigabytes(GB), and Terabytes(TB). This enables the storage and
retrieval of vast amounts of data with precision.

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 Characteristics of Computer
 Accuracy
A computer can do a variety of operations and calculations fast and accurately.
Errors in a computer are caused by human’s submitting incorrect data.
Computer errors caused due to incorrect input data or unreliable programs are
often referred to as Garbage-In-Garbage-Out (GIGO).

Artificial Intelligence and Decision Making

Artificial Intelligence (AI) teaches computers to learn from data, make
smart decisions like humans, and solve problems effectively, enhancing
their usefulness in fields like healthcare and technology.

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 Types of Computer
 Embedded Computer
• An embedded computer is a specialized computing device integrated into
other systems or devices to perform specific tasks efficiently and reliably.
They are embedded into other devices and are not intended for general-
purpose computing.

• Examples: The computer embedded in:

 ATMs (Automated Teller Machines)
 Microwaves
 Washing Machines
 Automotive Control Systems
 Smart TVs
 Medical Devices
 Home Automation Systems
 Digital Cameras
 Smartphones and Tablets
 Smart Thermostats

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 Types of Computer
 Personal Computer
• A personal computer (PC) is a compact electronic device designed for
individual use, commonly found in homes and offices. It provides users with a
wide range of capabilities, such as word processing, web browsing, and
entertainment, at a relatively low cost. Its user-friendly interface allows
individuals to operate it without specialized technical knowledge.

• Several categories including:

 Tower Computer
 Desktop Computer
 Laptop and Notebook
 Tablet
 Smartphone
 Hybrid computer
 Personal digital assistant (PDA) and more.

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 Types of Computer
 Wearable Computer
• A wearable computer is a compact electronic device designed to be worn on
the body, either as an accessory or integrated into clothing. Equipped with
sensors, processors, and communication capabilities, these devices provide
users with on-the-go access to computational functionalities.

• Examples:
 Modern day smart watches
 Fitness Trackers
 Smart Glasses
 Smart Rings
 Health Monitoring Wearables
 Wearable Cameras

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 Types of Computer
 Server Computer
• Computer devices that run server software, that respond to requests made
by client computers are known as server computers.
• Server computers are powerful than the desktop computers and are
capable of responding to hundreds and even thousands of client computers.

Examples:
 Internet servers,
 Cloud servers,
 Database servers,
 Email Servers,
 Print Servers,
 Application Servers.

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 Applications of Computer
Computer has evolved as a mean of solving various problems in human society.
From the earliest form of computer to modern day supercomputer, it has
affected the society in several ways. Computer is in use in various fields that
include:
 Management
 Banking
 Industry
 Engineering
 Satellite
 Astronomy
 Travelling
 Traffic control
 Medicine
 Research

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 Impact of Computer Age
 Positive Impacts:
1. Increased processing power and computational efficiency.
2. Automation and robotics enhancing industrial processes.
3. Real-time communication through digital platforms.
4. Enhanced global communication and connectivity.
5. Telemedicine expanding healthcare access.
6. Digital literacy contributing to skill development and education.

 Negative Impacts:
1. Job displacement due to automation and AI.
2. Privacy and data security risks.
3. Rapid technological obsolescence requiring frequent upgrades.
4. Digital addiction affecting mental health.
5. Social isolation and reduced face-to-face interactions.
6. Societal dependency on technology leading to vulnerabilities.

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 Thanks!
Any Questions
?