BIO 213( Analytical Methods for Biology)

Module Assessment 4
Titration/Volumetric Method of Analysis Problem Set

Name: _______________________________________ Section: ______________________

Duedate: October 29, 2020

Definition of Terms. Supply the correct terms for the following definition below given
the following choices.( 2 points each)

Back-titration indicators analyte

qualitative analysis fusion standard solution
masking titration titration error
primary standard interference titrants
titration secondary standard standardization
endpoint titer
quantitative analysis equivalence point

______Titrate____ 1. It is the reagent of known concentration that is used to carry

out a titrimetric analysis.
______Titration____2. Is a process in which a standard solution from a buret or
other liquid dispensing device is added to a solution of the
analyte until the reaction between the two is judged
complete.
Equivalence Point 3. Is the point in a titration when the amount of added titrant is
chemically equivalent to the amount of analyte in the
sample.
___Endpoint ___ 4. Is the point in titration when a physical change that is
associated with the condition of chemical equivalence
occurs.
_Titration Error__ 5. The difference in volume or mass between the equivalence
point and the endpoint.
__Indicator______ 6. Substance often added to the analyte solution on order to
give an observable physical change at or near the
equivalence point.
_Primary Standard 7. Is a highly purified compound that serves as a reference
material in all volumetric and mass titrimetric methods.
__Second Standard 8. Is a compound whose purity has been established by
chemical analysis and serves as the reference material for
a titrimetric method of analysis.
_Back-titration____ 9. Is a process in which the excess of a standard solution
used to react with an analyte is determined by titration with
a second standard solution.

_Standardization_____10. Is a process in which concentration of a volumetric

BIO 213( Analytical Methods for Biology)

solution is determined by using it to titrate a known mass

of a primary or secondary standard or an exactly known
volume of another standard solution.
__Masking_________11. It is the elimination of an interference from a substances
by converting it to a noninterfering form.
__Fusion__________12. It is a process were samples that fail to dissolved in
aqueous or organic solvents will be dissolved in molten
solvent that has acidic, basic or oxidizing properties.
_Quantitative Analysis13. An analysis used to determined the concentration or
amount of substances.
__Interference______14. Is a species that causes an error by enhancing or
attenuating the quantity being measured in an analysis.
__Analyte_______ 15. The components of a sample that are to be determined.

Problem solving. Show your solution and enclosed in a box your final answers.

1. Can I titrate a solution of unknown concentration with another solution of unknown

concentration and still get a meaningful answer? Explain your answer in a few
sentences.
- Two solutions with uncertain concentrations cannot be used in a titration and
accurate results cannot be expected. In order to determine the concentration of
the other solution (the analyte), titration depends on knowing the concentration of
one solution (the titrant). Since the computation involves two unknown variables,
it cannot be completed without a known concentration. Therefore, a good titration
requires at least one known concentration.

2. Explain the difference between an endpoint and equivalence point in a titration.

- The equivalency point in a titration is the theoretical point at which the moles of
analyte and titrant entirely react, signifying a perfectly balanced reaction. One
cannot immediately witness this point. On the other hand, the endpoint occurs
when the indicator—a material that undergoes a colour change to indicate that
the reaction is complete—visiblely changes colour. We notice this throughout the
titration. The difference between the two is that the equivalency point is a
theoretical idea, whereas the endpoint is a visual indication. Although the
endpoint and equivalency point should ideally line up, indication error frequently
causes them to diverge somewhat, with the indicator's colour changing slightly at
the equivalency point.

3. It takes 26.23 mL of a 1.008 M NaOH solution to neutralize a solution of 5g of an

unknown monoprotic acid in 150.2 mL of solution. What is the molecular weight of the
unknown?

Given: 𝑉𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 = 26.26𝑚𝐿 = 0.02623L

BIO 213( Analytical Methods for Biology)

𝑀𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 = 1.008
𝑀𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐴𝑐𝑖𝑑 = 5𝑔

Moles of NaOH =0. 026323 L ×1.008 M =0.02648 mol

Monoprotic: Moles of Acid=Moles of NaOH =0.02645

mass of Acid 5g
Molecular wt = = =189 g /mol
Moles of Acid 0.02645 mol

4. A solution is made by dissolving 12.50 g of NaOH in water to produce 2.0 L of

solution. What is the pH of this solution?
mass 14.50 g
Moles of NaOH = = =0.3125 mol
molar mass 40 g /mol

Moles 0.3125 mol

Molarity= = =0.15625 M
Volume 2L

pOH =−log [ OH ]=−log ( 0.15625 ) ≈ 0.806

pH=14− pOH =14−0.806=13.19

5.What volume of 0.150 M HCl is needed to neutralize each solution listed below?

a)25.0 mL of 0.135 M NaOH

- Mole of NaOH=V × M =0.025 L× 0.135 M =0.003375 mol

moles of HCl 0.003375 mol

V HCl= = =0.0225 L∨22.5 mL
M HCl 0.150 M

b)20.0 mL of 0.185 M NH4OH

Mole of NH 4 OH =V × M =0.020 L ×0.185 M =0.0037 mol

moles of HCl 0.0037 mol

V HCl= = =0.02467 L∨24.7 mL
M HCl 0.150 M

c)80.0 mL of 0.0045 M Ca(OH)2

Mole of Ca(OH )2=V × M =0.080 L × 0.0045 M =0.00036 mol

Mole of OH =2 ×0.00036=0.00072

moles of HCl 0.00072 mol

V HCl= = =0.0048 L∨48 mL
M HCl 0.150 M
BIO 213( Analytical Methods for Biology)

6.The following data were collected during a titration. Calculate the concentration of the
sodium hydroxide solution.

Titration Data
Volume of HCl=10.00 mL
Final volume of NaOH= 23.08 mL
Initial volume of NaOH=1.06 mL
Concentration of HCl=0.235 M

Solution:
Volume of NaOH used=23.08−1.06=22.02 mL=0.02202 L

Moles of HCl=0.01× 0.235=0.00235 mol

moles HCl 0.00235 mol

M NaOH = = =0.1068 M
V 0.02202 L

7 Calcium can be determined in blood by precipitating CaC2O4, dissolving the

precipitate in H2SO4, and titrating the oxalate ion with a standard solution of KMnO4. A
10.0mL blood sample from a patient is diluted to 50.0mL in volumetric flask. A 20.0mL
aliquot from the flask is treated with excess oxalate to precipitate CaC2O4 . The
precipitate is dissolved in acid and titrated with 1.52 mL of 0.00108 M KMNO 4.
Calculate the number of mg of Ca2+ per 10.0mL of blood.

5C2O42+ + 2 MnO4- + 16H+ 2Mn2+ + 10CO2 + 8H2O

Moles of KMnO4
−6
Moles=01.52 mL ×0.00108 M =1.6416 x 10 mol
Moles of C2O4
−6 −6
Moles=5 ×1.6416 x 10 mol=8.208 x 10 mol
Moles of Ca2+
−6
Mole=8.208 x 10 mol
Mass of Ca2+ in 10 mL blood
−6
Mole=8.208 x 10 mol

8. The organic matter in a 3.776-g sample of mercuric ointment is decomposed with

HNO3. After dilution, the Hg2+ is titrated with 21.30mL of 0.1144M solution of NH4SCN.
Calculate the percent Hg (200.59g/mol) in the ointment. The titration involves the
formation of a stable neutral complex Hg(SCN)2.

Hg2+ + 2SCN- Hg(SCN)2(aq)

BIO 213( Analytical Methods for Biology)

9. The sample of antihistamine, brompheniramide maleate, weighing 4.6330-g was

dissolved in alcohol and decomposed with metallic sodium. The resulting solution was
treated with 10.00mL of 0.2500 M AgNO3, an amount sufficient to precipitate all of the
liberated bromide ion as AgBr. The excess AgNO3 was titrated with 0.1214 M KSCN,
requiring 14.42 mL to reach the endpoint.

Ag+ + SCN- AgSCN(s)

Calculate the % Br in the sample.

10. The CO in a 20.3-L sample of gas was converted to CO 2 by passing the gas over
iodine pentoxide heated to 150oC.

I2O5(S) + 5CO(g) ----------- 5CO2(g) + I2(g)

The iodine distilled at this temperature and was collected in an absorber

containing 8.25mL of 0.01101 M Na2S2O3

I2(aq) + 2S2O3-2(aq) --------- 2I-(aq) + S4O6-2(aq)

The excess Na2S2O3 was back-titrated with 2.16 mL of 0.00947 M I 2 solution.

Calculate the number of milligrams of CO(28.01g/mol) per liter of sample.