SELENIUM WEBDRIVER EXCEPTIONS WITH EXAMPLE

Here are the most important exceptions that QA testers commonly face
while working with Selenium WebDriver.

 NoSuchElementException: Thrown when an element with the given

locator is not found in the DOM.
 Example: If an element with a specific ID is not present on the page
when trying to interact with it.

 TimeoutException: Thrown when a command takes longer than the

specified wait time to complete.
 Example: If an element is not found within the time specified in an
explicit wait.

 ElementNotVisibleException: Thrown when an element is present

in the DOM but is not visible (not displayed).
 Example: Attempting to click on an element that is hidden from view.

 StaleElementReferenceException: Thrown when an element is no

longer attached to the DOM.
 Example: This occurs when the DOM structure changes and the
previously found element is no longer valid.

 NoSuchWindowException: Thrown when trying to switch to a

window that is not available.
 Example: When attempting to switch to a window that has been
closed.
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 NoSuchFrameException: Thrown when trying to switch to a frame

that does not exist.
 Example: Trying to switch to an iframe that is not present on the
page.

 InvalidElementStateException: Thrown when performing an action

on an element that is not possible.
 Example: Entering text into a disabled text field.

 WebDriverException: A general exception that is thrown when

something goes wrong while interacting with WebDriver.
 Example: A failure in initializing WebDriver.

 JavascriptException: Thrown when there is an issue executing

JavaScript via Selenium’s executeScript method.
 Example: Executing an invalid JavaScript function.

 ElementClickInterceptedException: Thrown when an element is

clicked, but another element obstructs the click.
 Example: A modal dialog is blocking a button from being clicked.

 NoAlertPresentException: Thrown when trying to switch to an

alert, but no alert is present.
 Example: Attempting to handle a JavaScript alert that hasn’t
appeared yet.

 MoveTargetOutOfBoundsException: Thrown when trying to move

the mouse to an area outside the viewable document or screen.
 Example: Interacting with elements that are off the visible part of the
webpage.
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 SessionNotFoundException: Thrown when attempting to interact

with a browser session that has been closed or not initialized.
 Example: When trying to perform actions after closing the browser
window.

 InvalidSelectorException: Thrown when a selector used to find an

element is invalid.
 Example: Using an incorrect XPath or CSS selector syntax.

 ElementNotSelectableException: Thrown when an element is

present but cannot be selected.
 Example: Attempting to select an element that is disabled.

 NoSuchAttributeException: Thrown when an attribute of an

element is not found.
 Example: Trying to access a non-existent attribute of an element.

 UnhandledAlertException: Thrown when there is an unhandled

alert present, and the WebDriver is unable to perform any action.
 Example: Trying to click an element while an alert box is open.

 InvalidArgumentException: Thrown when an invalid argument is

passed to a command.
 Example: Providing incorrect parameters to a WebDriver method.

 ImeNotAvailableException: Thrown when input method editor

(IME) support is not available.
 Example: This can occur in mobile automation when IME is required
but unavailable.
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 ImeActivationFailedException: Thrown when activating the IME

engine fails.
 Example: Happens when trying to activate an input method editor
on certain devices during mobile testing.

 NotFoundException: A general exception class that is the parent of

various specific "not found" exceptions such as
NoSuchElementException, NoSuchFrameException, etc.
 Example: It can be used when specific exceptions are not detailed
enough.

 NoSuchSessionException: Thrown when WebDriver is used after

the session is closed or does not exist.
 Example: If you try to interact with WebDriver after calling
driver.quit.

 InvalidCoordinatesException: Thrown when the coordinates

provided to an action (like mouse movement) are invalid.
 Example: Providing coordinates outside the bounds of the current
screen.

 UnhandledCommandException: Thrown when the requested

command is not recognized by the WebDriver server.
 Example: When an invalid or unknown command is sent to the
WebDriver.

 NoSuchCookieException: Thrown when trying to access a cookie

that doesn’t exist.
 Example: Attempting to retrieve or delete a cookie that is not set in
the browser.
 SELENIUM WEBDRIVER EXCEPTIONS WITH EXAMPLE

 InsecureCertificateException: Thrown when navigating to a site

with an insecure SSL certificate.
 Example: This happens when WebDriver is unable to verify the SSL
certificate of a website.

 UnexpectedTagNameException: Thrown when a WebElement is

not of the expected tag type.
 Example: Attempting to select an option from a dropdown, but the
WebElement is not a select tag.

 InvalidCookieDomainException: Thrown when trying to set a

cookie on a different domain than the current URL.
 Example: Trying to add a cookie for a domain that doesn’t match the
current website’s domain.

 ScreenshotException: Thrown when WebDriver fails to capture a

screenshot.
 Example: This can happen if the browser window is not visible or
minimized.

 ElementNotInteractableException: Thrown when an element is

found but is not in a state that can be interacted with.
 Example: Trying to click a button that is disabled or off-screen.

 UnsupportedCommandException: Thrown when the WebDriver

command is not supported by the browser.
 Example: Attempting to use a command that is not implemented by
the current browser driver.
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 RemoteDriverServerException: Thrown when an error occurs on

the remote WebDriver server.
 Example: This happens when using Selenium Grid or remote
WebDriver and the server encounters an issue.

 InvalidSessionIdException: Thrown when the session ID is invalid

or the session has expired.
 Example: This happens if you try to interact with a session after it
has been terminated.

 UnsupportedOperationException: Thrown when an operation is

not supported.
 Example: Attempting to perform an unsupported operation on a
particular WebElement or browser.

 NoSuchContextException: Thrown when the context to be switched

to is not available.
 Example: When trying to switch between different application
contexts in mobile automation (Appium).

 InvalidSelectorException: Thrown when a selector is invalid or

unsupported.
 Example: Using an incorrect CSS or XPath selector.

 ElementClickInterceptedException: Thrown when an element click

command could not be completed as the click is intercepted by
another element.
 Example: Trying to click on an element but another element like an
advertisement or modal is covering it.
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 ErrorHandler.UnknownServerException: Thrown when the server

responds with an error that WebDriver doesn't know how to handle.
 Example: Encountering an unhandled error from the browser or
WebDriver server.

 InvalidArgumentException: Thrown when an argument sent to a

command is invalid.
 Example: Passing invalid parameters to a WebDriver method, such
as a negative timeout value.