DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF WATER

TANK CLEANING WITH IOT

PROJECT REPORT PHASE I

Submitted by

ARAVINDH M B 412422114002
RAJA SUNDARA SUDHAN U 412422114033
SAIBARANI R 412422114035
THIRUPUGAZH R 412422114040

In Partial fulfillment for the award of the

degree of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
in

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

SRI SAI RAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

(An Autonomous Institution; Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai -600 025)

ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI 600 025

NOVEMBER- 2024
 SRI SAI RAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(An Autonomous Institution; Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai -600
025)

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this Live in Lab III report “DESIGN AND FABRICATION
OF WATER TANK CLEANING WITH IOT” is the bonafide work of
“ARAVINDH M B 412422114002, RAJA SUNDARA SUDHAN U
412422114033, SAIBARANI R 412422114035, THIRUPUGAZH R
412422114040” who carried out the 20METE501-PROJECT PHASE I
work under my supervision

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

Supervisor Project Coordinator Head of the Department

Mr.Jeswin Arputhabalan Mr.Ashwin Sailesh Dr.S.Murali

Assisstant Professor Assisstant Professor Assisstant Professor

Submitted for project Viva – Voce Examination held on 26/11/2024

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

“A successful man is one who can lay a firm foundation with the bricks other have
thrown at him.” - David Brinkley

Such a personality is our beloved founder Chairman, Thiru. MJF. Ln. LEO MUTHU.
At first, we express our sincere gratitude to our beloved chairman through prayers, who
in the form of a guiding star has spread his wings of external support with immortal
blessings.

We express our gratitude to our CEO Dr. J. SAI PRAKASH LEO MUTHU and our
Trustee Mrs. J. SHARMILA RAJA for their constant encouragement for completing
the project.

We express our sincere thanks to our beloved Principal, Dr. K. PALANIKUMAR for
having given us spontaneous and wholehearted encouragement for completing the
project.

We are indebted to our head of the department Dr. S. MURALI for her support during
the entire course of this project work.

We thank our Project Co-ordinator, Mr.Ashwin Sailesh, who has been instrumental in
coordinating efforts and ensuring smooth progress.

We express our gratitude and sincere thanks to our Guide us Mr.Jeswin Arputhabalan for
their expertise, patience, and valuable insights. Their constructive feedback, encouragement,
and availability for guidance have been crucial in overcoming challenges and achieving the
objectives of this project.

We thank all the teaching and non-teaching staff members of the Department of
Mechanical Engineering and all others who contributed directly or indirectly for the

i
successful completion of the project.

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 ABSTRACT

Water tanks are essential for storing and supplying clean water in both residential and industrial
settings. However, over time, these tanks can accumulate sediment, algae, and other
contaminants that can compromise water quality. Cleaning and maintaining water tanks is a
critical task to ensure the supply of safe and clean water to consumers. The IOT – Based Water
Tank Cleaner using STM32 project aims to address this issue by developing an innovative
solution that automates the cleaning process of water tanks. This project leverages the power of
the Internet of Things (IOT) and the capabilities of the STM32 micro controller to create an
intelligent and efficient water tank cleaning system. This project presents an innovative solution
for water tank cleaning using the STM32 micro controller and IOT (Internet of Things)
technology. The proposed system automates the process of cleaning and monitoring water
tanks, ensuring efficient operation and minimizing manual intervention.

Keywords: Water Monitoring; Arduino; Ultrasonic Sensor; Turbidity Sensor; pH Sensor;

Internet of Things, Android App

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE NO

ABSTRACT

1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION 1

2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2

3 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 3

3.1 CLEANING OF WATER TANK 3

3.1.1PROCESS OF WATER CLEANING TANK 3

3.1.2 PROCESS COMPARISON 5

3.1.3 POLYPROPYLENE 6

3.2 EXISTING SYSTEM 7

3.3 PROPOSED SYSTEM 9

3.4 WHAT MAKES A CLEAN EFFECTIVE 12

?
3.4.1 THE EFFECTS OF FLUID BREAKUP 13

4 ROLE OF IOT 15

4.1 SENSOR SYSTEMS 12

4.1.1 ULTRASONIC SENSOR 15

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 4.1.2 TURBIDITY SENSOR 16

4.1.3 pH sensor 18

5 CONCLUSION 20

5.1 CONCLUSION 20

5.2 FUTURE SCOPE 20

5.3 METHODOLOGY 21

6 REFERENCES 21

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 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Water tanks are utilized to provide storage of water for use in numerous applications in

drinking water, irrigation agriculture, fire suppression, agricultural farming, both for plants

and livestock, chemical manufacturing, food preparation as well as numerous other uses.

Water tank boundaries incorporate the overall plan of the tank, and decision of

development materials, linings. Different materials are utilized for making a water tank

Earthen pots, such as matki used in South Asia, can likewise be utilized for water

stockpiling. Water tanks are an effective method to assist agricultural nations with putting

away

clean water. Water tanks are utilized to provide storage of water for use in numerous

applications, drinking water, irrigation agriculture, fire suppression, agricultural farming,

both for plants and livestock, chemical manufacturing, food preparation as well as

numerous other uses.

1
 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

Title Authors Year Problems Defined

S.NO
1 Fabrication Thonge Suraj, A mechanical system which clean the
of Water Shelke Prasad, 2017 tank mechanically using brush, rack
Tank Wakte
Cleaning Vaibhav, and pinion, bar linkage and motor.
Thonge
Sharad, Prof.
Shinde

Prayosha 2016
Sediment Sediment clean Water tank cleaning machine
2 Innovative
clean which clean sediments in the tank .It is a vacumn
cleaner type system which clean the tank without
removing water from the tank

Various aspects including design, operation,

Automatic Vaibhav 2017 economics and benefits to the stakeholders have
3 overhead Nasery
water tank been described. The report ends with a comparison
of the two models studied on the basis of their
design, vision, performance, economics and
benefits.
4 Development Shubham 2019 Easy to use and effective cleaning of the water
of water tank Shrivatsav tank is done

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 CHAPTER 3

PROECT DESCRIPTION

3.1 CLEANING OF WATER TANK

 Scientific cleaning of water tank presents a

safe & scientific solution to clean &
disinfect water storage tanks.
 The process includes high pressure cleaning
system and anti- bacterial agents unlike local
cleaning by using chemical powders

Scientific cleaning deploys a unique 5- stage cleaning processes.

(1)Mechanized dewatering
(2)Sludge removal
(3)High pressure cleaning
(4)Anti- bacterial spray (non-toxic chemical)

3.1.1 PROCESS OF WATER TANK CLEANING

Stage I

 In first stage, thorough cleaning of manhole and surroundings which is

usually full to dirt, mud and algae is done.

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  Stage II

 The process further continues with cleaning of the wall and ceiling of
the tanks with a special high pressure jet (80 to 120 kg/ cm2), which
dislodges the layer of dirt and algae, which sticks on the walls and
ceiling of the tanks.

 This type of cleaning fully removes the layer of calcinations and dirt.

 This is the only method of cleaning where it is possible to

clean the tank thoroughly.


 The cleaning incidentally gas a very high concentration of germs and
bacteria due to the availability of oxygen and dampness arising out of
condensation of the water vapor.

Stage III
 After cleaning of the walls and ceiling completely, the dirty water
and sludge is removed using a special sludge pump.

 This pump disposes off the dirty sludge to any convenient and safe
place outside the drinking water tank.

 This type of sludge removal is a very tedious and laborious process if

done manually, unbelievable but true; this is the water, which and
laborious process of done manually, unbelievable but true; this is the
water, which is present in a typical drinking water tank.

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Stage IV

 The next important process in water tank cleaning is the treatment

at the inside walls and the ceiling by a specially developed anti-
bacterial agents like Alert 2401, which ensures that the entire
surface of the walls and ceiling is made totally sterile from any
disease causing bacteria.

 The anti-bacterial agents are thoroughly sprayed in all the nooks

and corners of the tank, which ensures complete sterilization of the
tank from the inside.

3.1.2 PROCESS COMPARISON

Conventional Method Scientific Method

1. The new concept of drinking
1.The most common way of water tank cleaning process
cleaning the drinking water is to involves a totally professional,
hire the local scientific and hygienic approach
sweeper/ plumber/ unskilled labour. to the complete system or
drinking water tank cleaning
operation from start to end.

2. This labourer,who,himself on 2. The process further continues

most of the occasions has the with ceiling of the tanks, walls
most unclean and dirty living and floor with special high-

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 habits, enters in to the tank with pressure jet, which dislodges the
a brush and scrubs manually layer of dirt and algae, and
the walls and floors. calcinations, which sticks on the
walls and ceiling of the tank.

3. After that he physically 3.After ceiling the dirty water and

removes water and the sludge sludge is removed using a special
from the tank using a bucket, sludge pump.
mug and mops the tank to only
show the residents the tank is
clean. 4. The next important process in
cleaning is the treatment at the
4. He sometimes uses soaps or inside walls and ceiling by
detergent (which proves to specially developed anti-bacterial
harmful in some cases) for agent
cleaning the tank.

3.1.3 POLYPROPYLENE

1. Polypropylene (PP), also known as polypropene, is a

thermoplastic polymer used in a wide variety of applications. It is
produced via chain-growth polymerization from the monomer
propylene.

2. Polypropylene belongs to the group of polyolefins and is partially

crystalline and non-polar. Its properties are similar to polyethylene,
but it is slightly harder and more heat-resistant. It is a white,
mechanically rugged material and has a high chemical resistance.

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3. Bio-PP is the bio-based counterpart of polypropylene (PP)

4. Polypropylene is the second-most widely produced commodity plastic

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USES:

 plastic packaging is a use of polypropylene.

 Polypropylene has a slippery, tactile surface, making it ideal for

1) plastic furniture
2) low friction applications, such as gears in machinery and vehicles.

3.2 EXISTING SYSTEM

1. An In 2016, Divya Kaur displayed a paper on "IOT based Water

Tank Control framework "for avoid the water wastage.

2. Making a control framework to naturally control the water pump

requires cautious perception of what individuals do as their day by day
movement to make beyond any doubt that the tank is full.

3. In nearly all over India each state has a State Water Supply body which
is capable for advancement and control of water supply in state.

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4. Due to shortage of water the discharge of water is controlled and done
at certain time in a day. So this paper is pointed at displaying the venture
in implanting a control framework into an programmed control framework
into an programmed water level controller utilizing wifi module .

5. In 2015, N Vijayakumar and R Ramya present a "Design and

advancement of a moo taken a toll framework for genuine time
monitoring of the water quality in IoT ".

6. The framework comprises distinctive sensors like pH ,turbidity, water level

sensors.

EXISTING SYSTEM:

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3.3 PROPOSED SYSTEM

Water Tank Cleaning Mechanism - CAD Model

Full Assembly Image

10
Gyro mechanism assemble at Top bearing will come

Ball Bearing at top cap of the Tank

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 Isometric View

Section view of Gyro

 The Gyro cleans with powerful nozzle inserts and is

available in many flow rates and spray angles.

 It is also suitable for very large tanks and is insensitive to clogging.

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3.4 What makes a clean effective?

Any cleaning application has four components that contribute towards its
effectiveness.

1. Time - The longer the cleaning if performed the greater the cleaning.

2. Chemicals - This is the dissolving effect of chemical cleaning fluids including

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water.

3. Mechanical action. This is physical action of the cleaning spray to

dislodge residue.

4. Heat. Generally the hotter the cleaning fluid the better the cleaning action.

NOZZLE - WORKING MODEL CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

3.4.1 The Effects of Fluid breakup

 The process of breaking apart a fluid into droplets or multiple streams

to form a spray pattern uses energy

 In tank cleaning applications fluid will be delivered in 3 basic spray patterns.

Solid stream – this is a simple jet of water and will impact the tank surface as
a small dot.

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Solid stream nozzles do not atomise the fluid and it remains as a constant
stream of liquid.

As such they preserve the majority of the energy resulting in maximum impact.

Flat fan – The fluid is widened into triangle shaped spray.

 It will impact the surface as a thin line of spray.

 Fan nozzles generally produce a sheet of fluid with little

atomisation, although some droplets will form.

Full Cone – The fluid is again widened into a cone shape and there is a
relatively even distribution of fluid within the cone.

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 It will thus hit the tank walls as a filled in circle of spray.

SOLENOID VALVE

 Solenoid valve are control units which when electrically energized or

deenergized, either shut off or allow fluid flow.

 The actuator inside the solenoid valve takes the form of an electromagnet.

 When energized a magnetic field builds up, which pulls a plunger or

pivoted armature against the action of a spring

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 4.0 ROLE OF IOT:

4.1 Sensor systems

4.1.1 Ultrasonic Sensor:

 Ultrasonic sensor is utilized to produce ultrasonic sound waves which are besieged on
the surface of water.

 This sensor comprises of a speaker which discharges a ultrasonic sound wave and a
mic which recognizes that specific sound wave.

 As we have actualized the ultrasonic sensor, there is no contact of water with sensor
which guarantees long existence of the sensor.

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 Parameters
Values
Working voltage DC 5V
Working current 15Ma
Working frequency 40Hz
Maximum range 4m
Minimum range 2m
Measuring angle 15 DEGREE
Tigger input signal 10 μS TTL
Outline dimension 45*20*15 mm

ULTRASONIC SENSOR

ULTRASONIC SENSOR MONITORING

4.1.2 Turbidity Sensor:

 Turbidity is the shadiness of a fluid caused by broad amounts of individual particles

that are generally imperceptible to the stripped eye, similar to smoke in air.

 Turbidity can be assessed particularly with a turbidity meter/sensor.

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 The turbidity demonstrates the degree at which water loses its straightforwardness
Turbidity is caused by particles and shaded material in water.

 It can be assessed regarding water clearness, or direct with a turbidity instrument,

for instance, a turbidity meter or turbidity sensor

Parameters Values
Range 1-50 ntu and 0-1000
ntu
Accuracy ±1%
Meter resolution 12 bit
Operating voltage 10-36
Current drawn 30ma
Warm up time 5 seconds
Maximum pressure 30psi
Weight 1lb
Size of body 1 ½ x8.5 inch
Operating 14OC-122OC
temperature

TURBIDITY SENSOR

TURBIDITY SENSOR MONITORING

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4.1.3 pH SENSOR

pH SENSOR

pH SENSOR MONITORING

Parameters Values
POWER 5.00V
SIZE 43mmX32mm
RANGE 0-14PH
TEMPERATURE 0-60 0C
ACCURECY ±0.1 PH 250 C
POWER INDICATOR LED
CABLE LENGTH 660 mm
FROM SENSOR
RESPONSE TIME ≤min

pH sensor

 A H sensor is one of the most essential tools that's typically

used for water measurements.

 This type of sensor is able to measure the amount of alkalinity and

acidity in water and other solutions.

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 PARYLENE COATING

 It is the coating that is used to protect the sensors from all kind of trouble.

 It doesn’t add any significant weight for the sensors.

 The chemical substances called (polypara - xylylene) is used in.

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 FLOW CHART

Start

Obtain values of current water level and from

Turbidity Sensor

Setting maximum and minimum values in

android app and Obtaining current level in
App

Obtaining Maximum and Minimum values of

controller and comparing them with current
level

Software control Hardware control

unit unit

End

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 Water Quality Monitoring System Using Audrino

CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION
5.1 CONCLUSION

 Water is a vital necessity, with only 3% of it available as freshwater. Merely 1% of

this freshwater is suitable for consumption. Unfortunately, rampant exploitation and
misuse contribute to significant water wastage. To address this, we developed an
efficient automated water level monitoring and control system using Raspberry Pi,
Ultrasonic sensor, Turbidity sensor, and pH sensor. Our goal was to create a
versatile, cost-effective, easily configurable, and portable solution that utilizes
existing water tanks, offering an economical approach to mitigate water wastage.

5.2 FUTURE SCOPE

The future scope of a water tank cleaning system with IOT holds immense potential for
advancements and improvements.Incorporating advanced analytics and machine
learning algorithms can enable predictive maintenance, identifying potential issues in the
water tank system before they escalate, thereby enhancing overall efficiency. Enhancing
the system to allow users to remotely monitor and control the cleaning process through a
smart phone app or web interface, providing real-time updates and control options for
improved convenience and efficiency.

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5.3 METH0DOLGY

 Install IOT-enabled sensors (e.g., turbidity, pH) within the water tank to monitor
water quality parameters.

 Create a user-friendly interface (e.g., mobile app or web portal) for users to monitor
water quality, receive alerts, and control the cleaning process remotely

 Integrate energy-efficient components and power management solutions to optimize

the system's power consumption.

 Establish protocols for periodic maintenance, including sensor calibration and

system checks, to ensure long-term reliability and accuracy.

CHAPTER 6
\
REFERENCES

1) DivyaKura,IOT based water tank control”[Article-Embedded for you ]Jan/Feb 2016.

2) N Vijaya Kumar, R Ramayas, “The real time monitoring of water quality in IOT
environment”, IEEE sponsored 2nd international conference on innovations in
information, embedded and communication systems (Iciiecs) 2015.

3) Saima Maqbool , Nidhi Chandra, “Real time wire less monitoring and control of
water system using zigbee 802.15.14’ 5th international conference on
computational intelligence and communication networks, 2013.

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4) Thinagaran perumall, md nadir sulaiman , leong intenet of things(IOT) enabled
water system , IEEE 4th global conference on consumer electronic (GCCE), 2015.

5) Made Saraswathi , EndrowednesKauntama, PonoMardjoko, Design and

Construction of Water Level Management System Accessible Through SMS, IEEE
Computer Society, 201299.

6) Dhivyapriya, C. Gulabsha, S. P. Maniprabha, G. kandaswamy, Dr.

Chandhrasekharan, Gsm Based Water Tank Level Monitoring and Pump control
system ,2016 Ijarmate.

7) Parchet Varma, Akshya Kumar, NiheshRathod ,prathik jain mal-likarjun s.renu

subramaniyam, Bhardhwaj Amrutur,M,S.mohan kumar , Rajesh Sundresan,IOT
Based Water management system for a campus IEEE,IEEE First international Smart
cities conference (isc2), 2015.

8) Asaad Ahmed mohammed ahmed ELTAIEB,Zhang Jian min”Automatic Water Level

Control System”, international journal of science and research (IJSR) 2013.

9) Sanam Pudasiaini, Anuj prathik, sukrti Dhakal, Milan Paudel ,”automatic Water
Level Controller with Short Messaging Service (SMS)notification “,International journal
of science and research publications, Volume 4,Issue 9, September 2014 1, ISSN2250-
3153.

10) Jaytibhatt, jigneshpatoliya,IOT based water quality monitoring system,

proceeding of 49th IRF international Conference , 21st February 2016 ,Pune, India
, ISBN: 978-93-85973-46-8.

11) In 2013, Raghavendhra. R,M.Uttara Kumari, S.A. Hariprasad presented a paper on

“implementation of Simulated Water Level Controller”, International Journal of
Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering.

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