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Number Patterns

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24 views27 pages

Number Patterns

Uploaded by

missylane591
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MODULE 3

NUMBER PATTERNS
Grade 10 Module 3 Page 53

LINEAR NUMBER PATTERNS


Consider the number pattern:
3; 5; 7; 9; 11;..........
The first term is T1 = 3
The second term is T2 = 5
The third term is T3 = 7
The fourth term is T4 = 9
and so forth
Grade 10 Module 3 Page 53

The pattern is formed by adding 2 to


each new term. We say that the constant
difference between the terms is 2.
A number pattern with a constant
difference is called a linear number
pattern.
Grade 10 Module 3 Page 53

Now consider the rule Tn = 2n + 1. We can


use this rule to generate terms as follows:
T1 = 2(1) + 1 = 3
T2 = 2(2) + 1 = 5
T3 = 2(3) + 1 = 7
T4 = 2(4) + 1 = 9
Grade 10 Module 3 Page 53

You will have probably noticed that this


rule is the general or nth term of the
number pattern 3; 5; 7; 9; 11;..........
This general rule will enable one to
determine terms such as the 100th term or
1000th term.
For example: T100 = 2(100) + 1 = 201
T1000 = 2(1000) + 1 = 2001
Grade 10 Module 3 Page 53

But the question arises: How do we get the


general rule Tn = 2n + 1 from the number
pattern 3; 5; 7; 9; 11;.......... ?
The general rule for any linear number
pattern takes the form Tn = bn + c , so let’s
explore this a little further. We can
determine the first few terms using this
rule.
Grade 10 Module 3 Page 53

Tn = bn + c
T1 = b(1) + c = b + c
T2 = b(2) + c = 2b + c
T3 = b(3) + c = 3b + c
The constant
T4 = b(4) + c = 4b + c
difference is
b + c 2b + c 3b + c 4b + c b and the
first term is
b b b b+c
Grade 10 Module 3 Page 54

b + c 2b + c 3b + c 4b + c
b b b

b+c

b
Grade 10 Module 3 Page 54

b=2 b+c = 3
2 + c = 3
c = 3 − 2
c = 1
Tn = bn + c
 Tn = 2n + 1
Grade 10 Module 3 Page 54

EXAMPLE 1
Consider the number pattern:
6 ; 10 ; 14 ; 18 ;..............
(a) Determine the nth term of the
pattern.
Grade 10 Module 3 Page 54

b+c

b
b=4 b+c = 6
Tn = bn + c
4 + c = 6
c = 6 − 4  Tn = 4n + 2
c = 2
Grade 10 Module 3 Page 54

(b) Determine the 1000th term.


Tn = 4n + 2
 T1000 = 4(1000) + 2 = 4002
(c) Which term of the number
pattern equals 202?
Tn = 4n + 2  200 = 4n
 202 = 4n + 2  50 = n
 T50 = 202
Grade 10 Module 3 Page 54

EXAMPLE 2
Chains of squares can be built
with matchsticks as follows:
Grade 10 Module 3 Page 54

(a) Use matches and create a chain of


4 squares. How many matches
were used?
13 matches were used.
(b) Create a chain of 5 squares. How
many matches were used?
16 matches were used.
Grade 10 Module 3 Page 55

(c) Determine a conjecture (rule) for


calculating the number of matches
in a chain of n squares.
The number pattern is:
4; 7; 10; 13; .........
Grade 10 Module 3 Page 55

b+c

b
b=3 b+c = 4
Tn = bn + c
3 + c = 4
c = 4 − 3  Tn = 3n + 1
c = 1
Grade 10 Module 3 Page 55

(d) Now determine how many matches


will be needed to build a chain of
100 squares.
Tn = 3n + 1
 T100 = 3(100) + 1 = 301
Grade 10 Module 3 Page 56

ALTERNATIVE METHODS
Alternative method 1
Consider the number pattern:
3; 5; 7; 9; 11;..........
Subtract b from the first term to get c:
c = T1 − b T1
c = 3−2
c=1
 Tn = 2n + 1 b
Grade 10 Module 3 Page 56

Examples
(a) Consider the number pattern:
5; 12; 19; 26; .........
Subtract b from the first term to get c:
c = T1 − b T1
c = 5−7
c = −2
 Tn = 7 n − 2 b
Grade 10 Module 3 Page 56

(b) Consider the number pattern:


8; 6; 4; 2; .........
Subtract b from the first term to get c:
c = T1 − b T1
c = 8 − ( −2)
c = 10
b −2 −2 −2
 Tn = −2n + 10
Grade 10 Module 3 Page 56

Alternative method 2
Consider the number pattern:
3; 5; 7; 9; 11;..........
We have already determined previously
that b = 2 . Therefore we know that
Tn = 2n + c . What you now do is write
down the multiples of b = 2 and compare
these multiples to the original pattern.
Grade 10 Module 3 Page 56

In the second row, you work out what


must be added to or subtracted from each
multiple so as to obtain the original
pattern.
Multiples of 2 2 4 6 8 10 12
What to do to
get original number +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1
Original pattern 3 5 7 9 11 13
Grade 10 Module 3 Page 56,57

The constant number being added in the


second row represents the value of c.
 Tn = 2n + 1 [b = 2 ; c = 1]
Grade 10 Module 3 Page 57

Examples
(a) Consider the number pattern:
5; 7; 9; 11; .........

b = 2
Grade 10 Module 3 Page 57

Multiples of 2 2 4 6 8 10 12
What to do to
get original number +3 +3 +3 +3 +3 +3
Original pattern 5 7 9 11 13 15

b=2 c=3
 Tn = 2n + 3
Grade 10 Module 3 Page 57

(b) Consider the number pattern:


4; 9; 14; 19; .........

b = 5
Grade 10 Module 3 Page 57

Multiples of 5 5 10 15 20 25 30
What to do to
get original number −1 −1 −1 −1 −1 −1
Original pattern 4 9 14 19 24 29

b = 5 c = −1
 Tn = 5n − 1

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