Past Perfect

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Что такое Past Perfect?

Past Perfect — это прошедшее совершенное время в английском


языке. Оно употребляется в случаях, когда мы рассказываем о каком-
то действии, которое уже закончилось к определенному моменту
времени в прошлом (или перед началом другого действия в прошлом).
При этом, точный момент окончания действия в прошлом может
указываться, а может быть и опущен (но обязательно
подразумевается из контекста).

He had washed the dirty plates — Он вымыл грязные тарелки (точное


время не указано)
I had cooked dinner by 6 o’clock — Я приготовил ужин к 6 часам
(точное время указано)

Точное время часто указывается при помощи предлога by, но может


быть выражено и другим предшествующим действием.

They had eaten pizza when I came to their place — Они съели пиццу,
когда я пришел к ним

Действие (прием пищи) закончилось к определенному моменту


времени в прошлом (когда я пришел).

ВАЖНО: не путайте Past Perfect (прошедшее совершенное)


и Past Simple (простое прошедшее).

Если что-то произошло в определенном времени в прошлом, мы


используем Past Simple, особенно когда речь идет о нескольких
последовательных действиях, выполняющихся друг за другом. Когда
нам важно показать предшествование, «выйти» из
последовательности и указать на то, что одно из действий
совершилось раньше чем другое (другие) — нам
необходим Past Perfect.

Сравните:
I learned Italian at school — Я учил итальянский язык в школе
(Past Simple, человек больше не учится в школе)
I had learned Italian before I visited Milan — Я учил итальянский язык
до того, как посетил Милан (Past Perfect используется для действие,
которое завершилось до другого действия в прошлом)
Образование Past Perfect

Маркеры времени Past Perfect


Фразы, которые указывают на момент времени в прошлом помогут
узнать, что перед вами время Past Perfect:
 before (до того, как)
 never before (никогда раньше)
 after (после; после того, как)
 no sooner...than / hardly...when (едва; как только)
 by that time (к тому времени)
 by three o’clock (к трем часам)
 by 9 pm (к девяти вечера)
 by evening (к вечеру)
 by morning (к утру)
 by that day (к тому дню)
 by the 6th of October (к шестому октября)
 by that age (к тому возрасту)
Упражнения:

Упражнение 1. Complete the sentences using the Past Perfect


tense of the verbs below. (Дополните предложения, используя
форму Past Perfect глаголов, приведенных ниже.)

Example/Пример:

to learn the poem

— I went to bed after I had learnt the poem.

to have dinner, to do homework, to come , to read the book, to


clean the room, to go shopping, to return from Australia, to finish
work

1. I went to see my friend after...


2. I watched TV after...
3. They went home after...
4. He phoned me after...
5. She went to dance after...
6. We wrote a composition after...
7. They rebuilt the house after...
8. We went for a walk after...

Упражнение 2. Insert the verbs in the Past Perfect tense.


(Вставьте глаголы в Past Perfect.)

1. I ... (to have) breakfast before I went to school.


2. He went to meet his friends after he ... (to do) his homework.
3. By 8 o’clock the rain ... (to stop).
4. Alice was late because she ... (to miss) the bus.
5. She went to the post-office after she ... (to write) the letter.
6. He ... (to work) at the factory before he entered the college.
7. He got a bad mark for his test because he ... (to make) a lot of
mistakes in it.
8. I went to bed after I ... (to finish) reading the book.
9. The child ... (to fall) asleep before the parents came home.
10. They ... (to marry) before they bought this house.
Упражнение 3 . Use Past Perfect of the verbs in the box to
complete the sentences. (Используйте Past Perfect предложенных
глаголов, чтобы дополнить предложения.)

to leave, to go, to die, to see, to live, to fly

1. I didn’t read the text in class because I … my book at home.


2. The children didn’t want to go to the cinema because they ...
already ... the film.
3. Kate wasn’t at home last week because she ... to visit her
uncle.
4. Linda never knew her father because he ... before she was
born.
5. I was excited when the plane took off because I... never ...
before.
6. My grandfather was always afraid of animals because he ...
never ... in the country.
Упражнение 4. Say what action was done before. Combine the
two sentences into one. (Oпределите, какое действие произошло
раньше. Объедините два предложения в одно, не меняя части
местами. Используйте BEFORE )

Example/ Пример

I sent a telegram. Then I met my friend.

— I had sent a telegram before I met my friend.

1. The rain stopped. I went for a walk.


2. I did my homework. My mother returned home.
3. We met in the street. We went to the park.
4. They packed their things. Then they started.
5. I had dinner. I switched on the TV set.
6. He returned home. The guests left.
7. We came to the cinema. The film began.
8. I read the book. I saw the play. .
9. They lived here. They moved to another place.
10. We played а game of tennis. We went to my place
Упражнение 5. Insert the verbs in the Past Perfect tense.
(Вставьте глаголы в PastPerfect.)

1. Jill was afraid she _____ (forget) her key at home, but she found it
in her handbag.

2. Dad wasn’t at home when I came back. He _____ (go) out twenty
minutes before.

3. I wasn’t hungry because I_____ (just/have) breakfast.

4. Peter saw an urgent message on his table. Somebody


_____ (leave) it the day before.

5. I apologized I _____ (not/phone) her.

6. He told me that he _____ (come back) a fortnight before.

7. I knew him at once though I _____ (meet) him many years before.

8. We spent the night in Klin, a town we _____ (often/hear of)


but_____ (never/see).

9. They couldn’t believe he _____ (give up) his job in the bank. He
_____ (make) a good living there.

10. Mr. Jackson said that he _____ ( already/buy) everything for


lunch.

11. Alice asked her brother where he _____ (arrange) to meet his
friends.

12. We had no car at that time because we _____ (sell) our old one.

13. They _____ (finish) painting the ceiling by two o’clock.


Домашнее задание:

Упражнение 6. Connect each pair of sentences with the


conjunctions before, as soon as, after. (Объедините два
предложения в одно, используя before, as soon as, after.)

Example/Пример

They had lived in the country. They moved to the city.

— They had lived in the country before they moved to the city.

1. He had finished school. He went to a camp.


2. She had phoned her friend. She went to meet her.
3. I read the book. I had seen the film.
4. I had cleaned my room. I invited my friends home.
5. He entered the university. He had finished school.
6. Не told me about his impressions. He had returned from his
journey.
7. He was unhappy. He had got bad news.
8. I had finished the text. I handed in my exercise-book.

Упражнение 7. Complete the sentences using Past Perfect.


(Дополните предложения, используя Past Perfect ).

I watched a new film after…

I went for a walk after...

I fell asleep after...

I began to read a book after...

I helped my mother about the house after...

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