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Progld Midterm

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14 views4 pages

Progld Midterm

Uploaded by

karenaurello123
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MIDTERM

PROGLD

•LOOPING
Looping in flowchart is used to represent
repetitive actions or process. This means that a certain set of steps will be repeated multiple
times until a specific condition is met.

Common use cases for looping in flowchart:


•Iteration over a list or array: This involves processing each item in a collection one by one.
•Repeating a calculations or operation
•Validating user input
•Implementing algorithm

Example: Create a flowchart that will print the numbers from 1-10

•ALGORITHM
Definition: A step by step procedure for solving a problem or accomplishing a task. It's a
sequence of instructions that is well-defined and guaranteed to terminate.

Purpose: Provide a logical and systematic approach to solving problems.

Presentation: Can be expressed in natural language, pseudocode or programming code.

Focus: Emphasis the logic and sequence of steps.

•PSEUDOCODE - Is an artificial and informal language that helps programmers develop


algorithms. It is very similar to everyday english.
Example: Write an algorithm and draw a flowchart to convert the length in ft to cm.

Pseudocode:
•input the length in ft (LFT)
•calculate the length in cm (LCM) by multiplying (LFT) with 30
•print length in cm (LCM)

Algorithm:
step 1: input LFT
step 2: LCM = LFT x 30
step 3: print LCM

Flowchart:

C language
- By Dennis Ritchie at bell laboratories on 1972
- c++, c#
- General purpose
- popular

Computer program list of instructions to be executed. a computer statement instructs the


compiler to print the text that ends with a semicolon.

Simple code
Line 1: #include <stdio.h>
Line 2:
Line 3: int main(){
Line 4: printf(“Hello World”);
Line 5: return 0;
Line 6:}

note: <stdio.h> - standard input/output .header file library


\n -new line

(//,/**/) Comments are used to explain the code to make it more readable.

C variables:
Int - stores integers or whole numbers
Ex: 1,2,3
Float - stores floating numbers or with decimals.
Ex: 19.99
Char - store single character
Ex: 'a' , 'B’

Operators are symbols that tell the compiler to perform specific mathematical or logic
manipulation.

The four operator classes:


arithmetic, relational, logical, Bitwise

Arithmetic operators:
(+) unary or binary plus
(-)unary or binary minus
(*) multiplication
(/)division
(%) modulus operator

Precedence of operators:
() Parentheses Highest

*, /, % Whichever
come first from to
left to right

+, - Whichever Lowest
come first from
left to right

EX. 1) (5+4)*3
2) 5+4 *3

Algebraic Expression - Expression in C


abc - a*b*c
a+bc - a+b*c
y³ - y*y*y
a / (b+c) - a/b+c
a(b+c) - a*(a+b)

Relational Operators
> - x>y
>= - x>=y
< - x<y
<= - x<=y
== - x==y
!= - x!=y

Logical Operators
&& -- And
ll -- or
! -- not

(++a)Pre-increment is the value of a after it is incremented.


(a++)Post-increment is the value of a before it is incremented
(--a)Pre-decrement is the value of a after it is decremented
(a–)Post-decrement is the value of a before it is decremented

Ex. 1. a = 5 ; c = 0; Answers: 1. c = 6 , a = 6
c = ++a;

2. a = 5 ; c = 0; 2. c = 5 , a = 6
c = a++;

3. b = 3 ; c = 0; 3. c = 2 , b = 2
c = --b;

4. b = 3 ; c = 0; 4. c = 3 , b = 2
c = b–;

For loop - Condition first before it do something


Do-while loop - Do or move first before conditions.

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