Piping Codes and Present A Summary O1

Piping Codes and present a summary of
specific aspects of interest to users. In essence, this Primer will

enable users to understand the basic rationale of the Codes as
deliberated and disseminated by the ASME Code Committees.
This book is different from the Code Cases or Interpretations of
the Code, issued periodically by these ASME Code Committees,
although these are referred in the book. It is meant for a varied
spectrum of users of Boiler and Pressure Vessel (B&PV) and
B31.1 and B31.3 Piping Codes in United States and elsewhere in
the world. This book should be considered as a comprehensive
guide for ASME B&PV Code Sections I through XI, B31.1 and
B31.3 Piping Codes. The contents of these two volumes can be
considered as a companion book—a criteria document—for the
latest editions of the Code, written by thirty-six professionals with
expertise in its preparation and use.
ASME and the industry volunteers have invested immense
resources in developing Codes and Standards for the Power and
Petrochemical Industry, including nuclear, non-nuclear, fossil,
and related. The industry has been relying on these documents,
collectively referred to as the ASME Code, on a day-today
basis, and regulators consult them for enforcing the rules.
Research and development, in both the material science and analytical
areas, find their results in the revisions and updates of the
Codes. Over a period of time, these B&PV and Piping Codes,
encompassing several disciplines and topics, have become voluminous
Standards that belie the intent and expectations of the
authors of the Codes. In a word, the B&PV Codes can become a
“labyrinth” for an occasional user not conversant with the information
contained in the Code. Thus, given the wealth of information
contained in the Code, these cannot be easily discerned.
For example, the B&PV Code, even though it is literally an
encyclopedia of rules and standards to be followed by engineers
in the nuclear or fossil or related industries, is not easy to comprehend
and conform to. Alphanumeric text and graphics are
loaded with information, arrived at by a consensus process from
the deliberations of practicing engineers, professionals, academia,
and regulators meeting several times a year. A lack of
understanding of the Code, therefore, can cause not only professional
errors but also misplaced confidence and reliance on the
engineer’s interpretation that could lead to serious public safety
hazards. Spread over several volumes and thousands of pages of
text, tables, and graphics, it is not easy to decipher the criteria
and the basis of these Codes.
Thus, given the importance of these ASME Codes related to
the industry and the attendant technological advances, it becomes
a professional expediency to assimilate and appropriately apply
the wealth of information contained in the Codes. The first step,
then, is to ask, “Where is what?” The Code is spread over eleven
Sections; attending the tutorials is one way to understand firsthand
the various Sections of the Code. However, this is not within
the reach of all of the engineers in the industry. The next best
solution is to have expert authors, versatile in the individual
Sections and Subsections, to make the subject matter understandable
to the practicing engineers in a book format such as “A
PRIMER.”
In this book, all of the Sections I through XI of the B&PV and
B31.1 and B31.3 Piping Codes are summarily addressed with
examples, explanatory text, tables, graphics, references, and annotated
bibliographical notes. This permits engineers to more easily
refer to the material requirements and the acceptance criteria
whether they are in the design basis or in an operability situation
of a nuclear plant or process piping. In addition, certain special
topics of interest to engineers are explicitly addressed. These
include Rules for Accreditation and Certification; Perspective on
Cyclic, Impact, and Dynamic Loads; Functionality and
Operability Criteria; Fluids; Pipe Vibration; Stress Intensification
Factors, Stress Indices, and Flexibility Factors; Code Design and
Evaluation for Cyclic Loading; and Bolted-Flange Joints and
Connections. Important is the inclusion of unique Sections such
as Sections I, II, IV through VII, IX, and X that enriches the value
of the book as a comprehensive companion guide for B&PV and
Piping Codes. Of considerable value is the inclusion of an indepth
treatment of Sections III, VIII, and XI. A unique aspect of
the book chapters related to the Codes is the treatment of the origins
and the historical background unraveling the original intent
of the writers of the Criteria of the Codes and Standards. Thus,
the current users of these Codes and Standards can apply their
engineering knowledge and judgment intelligently in their use of
these Codes and Standards.
Although these two volumes cannot be considered to be a perfect
symphony, the subject matter orchestrates around a central
theme, that is, “The Use of B&PV and Piping Codes and
Standards.” Special effort is made by the contributors, who are
experts in their respective fields, to cross-reference other Sections;
this facilitates identifying the interconnection between various
B&PV Code Sections, as well as the B31.1 and B31.3 Piping

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specific aspects of interest to users. In essence, this Primer will

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