CENTRAL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE

DESIGN OF A REHABILITATION CENTER FOR EX-PSYCHIATRIC

PATIENTS AT PANTANG

BY

RICHARD MAWULI AMETEFE

AN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE
REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE IN BACHELOR OF ARCHITECTURE

AUGUST 2014

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

































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 ABSTRACT

The overall goal of the thesis research is to aid in the integration of

recovered psychiatric patients from the psychiatric hospitals into the community
through the design of a rehabilitation center. Like other people, individuals with
psychiatric disabilities wish to lead normal lives and view work as a signifier of
normal adult life. Therefore the goal of the rehabilitation center is to help
recovered patients develop their social, emotional and vocational skills needed to
work and live with confidence without any fear of stigma within the society. The
rehabilitation center is to ensure that rehabilitation practitioners live on their own
with the list professional assistance.

The thesis report describes and discusses the process and methods adopted
to achieve the design for the project. Research subjects are examined to identify
and understand the significance in the integration of discharged and ex psychiatric
patients to the society and to understand its influence on location and facility
design.

The report describes the brief, design process and concepts derived from
case studies and site reports in detail with summary of the conclusion and
recommendations for the project.

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



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









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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
















CHAPTER 1-INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background to study.................................................................................................. 1

1.2 Problem Statement..................................................................................................... 2
1.3 Aim ............................................................................................................................. 3
1.4 Objective .................................................................................................................... 4
1.5 Scope .......................................................................................................................... 4
1.6 Limitation ................................................................................................................... 5
1.7 Research methodology .............................................................................................. 5
1.8 Rationale for research ............................................................................................... 5
1.9 Organization of chapters ........................................................................................... 6

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Population Growth in Ghana .................................................................................... 7

2.2 History of Psychiatric Care in Ghana ..................................................................... 8
2.3 Services Available ..................................................................................................... 9
2.3.1 The Accra Psychiatric hospital .......................................................................... 9
2.3.2 Pantang Hospital ............................................................................................... 10
2.3.3 Ankaful ......................................................................................................11

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2.4 Psychiatric Treatment In Ghana.......................................................................11
2.4.1 The length of stay within the psychiatric hospital .....................................11

2.5 Admissions, Discharges ...................................................................................12

2.5.1 Attendance .................................................................................................12
2.6 Causes of Mental Illness ......................................................................................... 14
2.6.1 Biological Factors Involved in Mental Illness .............................................. 14

2.6.2 Psychological Factors ........................................................................................................ 15

2.6.3 Environmental Factors ...................................................................................................... 15
2.7 Stigma........................................................................................................................ 16

2.7.1 Self-Stigmatization ....................................................................................16

2.7.2 Societal Stigmatization ..............................................................................17
2.7.3 Effects of stigma .......................................................................................17
2.8 Ten Fundamental Concepts of Recovery.............................................................. 18

2.9 Rehabilitation ...................................................................................................20

2.9.1 Problem Solving Methods Adopted Within Rehabilitation Centers .......... 22

2.9.2 Housing............................................................................................................... 22
2.9.3 Work ................................................................................................................... 22
2.9.4 Building relationships ....................................................................................... 22

2.10 Case Study .................................................................................................24

2.10.1 Rehabilitation Center for Addicts ..............................................................24
2.10.2 Rehabilitation Center Design .....................................................................31

CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Methods of Data Collection Analysis ................................................................... 35

3.2 Primary Data ...................................................................................................35
3.3 Secondary Data ...............................................................................................35
3.4 Case Studies ............................................................................................................. 36

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3.5 Personal Observations ............................................................................................. 36
3.5.1 Strength of Methodology ................................................................................. 37
3.5.2 Limitations of methodology............................................................................. 37

CHAPTER 4 – SITE STUDY/ CONTEXT AND ANALYSIS

4.1 Site location .............................................................................................................. 38
4.2 Rational ..................................................................................................................... 39
4.3 Existing Buildings within the Pantang District.................................................... 40
4.4 Site Considerations ................................................................................................. 40

4.5 Site Data .................................................................................................................... 41

4.5.1 Environmental Considerations ....................................................................... 41

4.5.2 Utility Access..................................................................................................... 44
4.5.3 Site Peripherals and Inventories ...................................................................... 45
4.5.4 Site study Conclusions ..................................................................................... 48

CHAPTER – 5 PROGRAMME/DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND

PROPOSED DESIGN
5.1 Brief ................................................................................................................49
5.2 Accommodation schedule....................................................................................... 53
5.3 Design Concept development ..........................................................................58
5.3.1 Interactions .................................................................................................58
5.3.2 Courtyards ..................................................................................................58
5.3.3 Landscape ..................................................................................................58
5.3.4 Therapy ......................................................................................................58
5.3.5 Color psychology .......................................................................................58
5.3.6 Colours Used For the Design and Their Psychological Response ............. 59

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5.4 Conceptual Site Development ................................................................................ 59
5.5 Alternative Conceptual Stages ............................................................................... 60
5.5.1 Alternative one .................................................................................................. 60
5.5.2 Alternative two .................................................................................................. 62
5.5.3 Alternative three ................................................................................................ 63
5.5.4 Final layout development ...........................................................................65

CHAPTER 6: TECHNICAL INVESTIGATIONS

6.1 Services ............................................................................................................70

6.1.1 Lighting ......................................................................................................70
6.1.2 Water supply ..................................................................................................... 72
6.1.3 Electricity ...................................................................................................72
6.2 Construction ....................................................................................................72
6.2.1 Structural system .......................................................................................72
6.3 Materials .........................................................................................................72
6.3.1 Walls ..........................................................................................................72
6.3.2 Floors ........................................................................................................73
6.3.3 Roofing and ceilings .................................................................................73

CHAPTER 7: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Conclusions ..................................................................................................................... 74

Recommendations .......................................................................................................... 74

REFERENCES ............................................................................................................. 75

APPENDIX

 .................................................................................................................... 76

 .................................................................................................................... 98

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 FIGURES

Figure 1: Layout design illustrating majour functional areas ..............................25

Figure 2: An asymmetrical balance as the ordering design principle for the layout
design .....................................................................................................................26

Figure 3: Position of cafeteria for easy access .......................................................27

Figure 4: Use of lanscape located in the layout .....................................................28

Figure 5: workshop spaces and class rooms .........................................................28

Figure 6: Counseling and therapy ..........................................................................29

Figure 7: Accommodation facility illustrating bedrooms with bath room ............30

Figure 8: Layout design of the rehabilitation center chosen as a second case study
................................................................................................................................31

Figure 9: Blow up of the therapy section of the plan .............................................32

Figure 10: Vocational workshops ..........................................................................33

Figure 11: Base map locating pantang ...................................................................38

Figure 12: Covered walkway gives access to all of the wards......................................39

Figure 13: Surrounding structures .........................................................................39

Figure 14: Site development of pantang psychiatric hospital ...............................41

Figure 15: Environmental analysis of the site ............................................................42

Figure 16: Topographical analysis of the chosen site ............................................43

Figure 17: Existing trees along the main road and o the site .................................44

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Figure 18: Existing drain located at the far side of the south easting portion of the
site ..........................................................................................................................44

Figure 19: Existing of electrical and phone lines along the access road opposite
the site ............................................................................................................ 45

Figure 20: Site peripheral/observation and conclusion diagramme .................... 46

Figure 21: Swot analysis of the site with it’s conclusions .................................. 47

Figure 22: Zoning of facilities to derive a brief for the design ............................ 48

Figure 23: Zoning for the rehabilitation center design ....................................... 50

Figure 24: Majour fuctional areas of the counselling area ................................. 51

Figure 25: Funtional areas within the counseling and administration zone........ 52

Figure 26: Fuctional areas showing activities within the vocational area .......... 53

Figure 27: Sketch of conceptual site development of alternative 1. .................. 60

Figure 28: Conceptual layout development of alternative 2 ............................... 61

Figure 29: Third alternative layout. ................................................................... 62

Figure 30: Fourth alternative layout .................................................................... 64

Figure 31: Conceptual sketches of the final layout. ........................................... 65

Figure 32: Conceptual sketches showing functional relationship diagram of the

counseling area. .................................................................................................. 66

Figure 33: Conceptual sketches showing functional relationship diagram of the

vocational area .................................................................................................... 67

Figure 34: Conceptual sketches showing drainage, lighting, and ventilation..... 68

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Figure 35: conceptual massing of the various facilities showing the forms of the
design .................................................................................................................. 69

Figure 36: Sketch illustrating orientation of building for air circulation and use of

sun shading methods ........................................................................................... 70

Figure 37: sketch illustrating the use of openings and court yard system to aid in

wind circulation and natural lighting within the spaces...................................... 71

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 TABLES

Table 1: Admissions from January to December 2010 at the Accra Psychiatric

Hospital .............................................................................................................. 13

Table 2: Number of patients admitted, discharged, and died from 2004 to 2010.

The dashes symbolize a lack of information....................................................... 13

Table 4: Accommodation schedule for couseling area ....................................... 54

Table 4a: Accommodation schedule for couseling area ..................................... 55

Table 5: Accommodation schedule for vocational workshop area ..................... 56

Table 6: Accommodation schedule for recreation and parking areas ............... 57

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