Variation:

Direct Variation: Inverse Variation:

y is proportional to x y is inversely proportional to x
1
y x y
x
k
y = kx y=
x
MENSURATION

PYTHAGORAS’ THEOREM

For all the right angled triangles “ the square on the hypotenuse is equal to the
sum of the squares on the other two sides”
𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2

𝒄 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 𝒃 = 𝑐 2 − 𝑎2 𝒂 = 𝑐 2 − 𝑏2

Area and Perimeter:

Figure Diagram Area Perimeter
Rectangle
b Area = l × b perimeter = 2( 𝑙 + 𝑏 )

l
Square a

a a
Area = side × side perimeter = 4 × side
a = a×a =4×a

Parallelogram Area = b × h

perimeter = 2(a + b )

Area = ab sin 𝜃
where a, b are sides and 𝜃 is
the included angle
Triangle
1
Area = × 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 × 𝑕𝑒𝑖𝑔𝑕𝑡
2

1
Area = 2 𝑎𝑏 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐶 perimeter = a + b + c

= 𝑠 𝑠 − 𝑎 𝑠 − 𝑏 (𝑠 − 𝑐)
𝑎+𝑏+𝑐
where s =
2

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Trapezium
perimeter = Sum of all
1
Area = 2 𝑎 + 𝑏 𝑕 sides

Circle
r
Area =  r2 circumference = 2  r

Semicircle 1 2 1
Area = r perimeter =  d + d
r 2 2
Sector 𝑟  
Area =  r  360 length of an arc = 2 r 
2

𝜃 360

Surface Area and Volume:

Figure Diagram Surface Area Volume
Cylinder
Volume =  r h
2
curved surface area = 2πrh
total surface area = 2πr(h + r)

Cone curved surface area = 𝜋𝑟𝑙 1 2

Volume = πr h
where l = (r 2  h 2 ) 3
total surface area = 𝜋𝑟(𝑙 + 𝑟)

Sphere 4 3
Volume = πr
Surface area = 4πr2 3

Pyramid 1
Volume = × base area ×
Base area + area of the shapes in 3
the sides perpendicular height

Cuboid

Surface area = 2(𝑙𝑏 + 𝑏𝑕 + 𝑙𝑕) Volume = 𝑙 × 𝑏 × 𝑕

Cube
Surface area = 6𝑙 2 Volume = 𝑙 3

2 3
Hemisphere Curved surface area = = 2 r2 Volume = r
3

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