Created by T.

Madas

470
TRIGONOMETRY
EXAM QUESTIONS

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 Created by T. Madas

32
BASIC
QUESTIONS

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 1 (**)
Given that cos x = 2 − 1 , show clearly that

cos 2 x = 5 − 4 2 .

proof

Question 2 (**)
Show clearly that

cos ( x − y ) cos x sin x

≡ + .
sin y cos y sin y cos y

proof

Question 3 (**+)
Prove the validity of the trigonometric identity

tan 2θ secθ ≡ 2sin θ sec 2θ .

proof

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 4 (**+)
3
If sin x = , show clearly that
5

25
sec 2 x = .
7

C3F , proof

Question 5 (**+)
Solve the following trigonometric equation

cos x cot x + sin x + 2cot x = 0 , 0 ≤ x < 360°, x ≠ 0°,180° .

x = 120°, 240°

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 6 (**+)
Simplify fully the following trigonometric expression

2 cos x° − 2sin ( 45 − x ) °
.
2 sin ( 60 + x ) ° − 3 cos x°

Question 7 (**+)
Solve the following trigonometric equation

π − 3arccos ( x + 1) = 0 .

C3C , x = − 1
2

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 8 (**+)
The angle x is acute so that tan x = 1 .
2

a) Find the exact value of cosec x .

It is further given that tan ( x + y ) = 2 , where y is another angle.

b) Determine the value of tan y .

C3G , cosec x = 5 , tan y = 3

4

Question 9 (***)

cosecθ + 8cos θ = 0 , 0° ≤ θ < 360° .

Find the solutions of the above trigonometric equation, giving the answers in degrees
correct to one decimal place.

C3L , θ = 97.2°, 172.8°, 277.2°, 352.8°

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 10 (***)

5sin 3 x cos x + 5cos3 x sin x = 4 , 0 ≤ x < π .

Use a compound angle trigonometric identity to find the solutions of the above
trigonometric equation, giving the answers in radians correct to two decimal places.

C3H , x = 0.23c ,0.55c ,1.80c , 2.12c

Question 11 (***)
Prove the validity of the trigonometric identity

1 + tan 2 x
≡ sec 2 x .
1 − tan 2 x

proof

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 12 (***)
Solve the following trigonometric equation

( )
3arccot x − 3 − π = 0 .

x= 4 3
3

Question 13 (***)

f ( x ) ≡ 3 sin x + cos x, 0 ≤ x < 2π .

π
a) Express f ( x ) in the form R cos ( x − α ) , R > 0 , 0 < α < .
2

b) State the maximum value of f ( x ) and find the value of x for which this
maximum value occurs.

c) Solve the equation

f ( x) = 3 .

 π π π π
C3A , f ( x ) ≡ 2 cos  x −  , f ( x )max = 2 , x = , x = ,
 3 3 6 2

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 14 (***)
It is given that

1 + cot 2 x
≡ sec x .
cot x cosec x

a) Prove the validity of the above trigonometric identity.

b) Hence solve the equation

(
4 1 + cot 2 x ) = tan 2 x + 5 , 0 ≤ x < 2π ,
cot x cosec x

giving the answers in terms of π .

π 5π
C3C , x = ,
3 3

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 15 (***)
Two vectors a and b are given below.

a = ( sin θ ) i + ( 2cos 2θ ) j + ( sin θ ) k and a = 3i − j − k .

Find the values of θ , 0 ≤ θ < 2π , for which a is perpendicular to b .

FP1-U , θ = 1 π , 5 π , 3 π
6 6 2

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 16 (***)
It is given that

1 − cos 2θ
≡ tan θ , θ ≠ 90k °, k ∈
.
sin 2θ

a) Prove the validity of the above trigonometric identity.

b) Hence show that

tan15° = 2 − 3 .

C3N , proof

Question 17 (***)
Prove the validity of the trigonometric identity

1 1
− ≡ 2 tan x .
sec x − tan x sec x + tan x

proof

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 18 (***)
Solve the trigonometric equation

5
cos θ + secθ = , 0° ≤ θ < 360° .
2

θ = 60°,300°

Question 19 (***)
Prove the validity of the trigonometric identity

2 + 2cos 2θ ≡ 2 cos θ .

proof

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 20 (***)

y ≡ 2 2 cos x + 2 2 sin x , x ∈  .

π
a) Express y in the form R sin ( x + α ) , R > 0 , 0 < α < .
2

b) Solve the equation

y = 2 for 0 < x < 2π .

c) Write down the maximum value of y .

d) Find the smallest positive value of x for which this maximum value occurs.

 π 7π 23π π
C3C , y ≡ 4sin  x +  , x = , , ymax = 4 , x =
 4 12 12 4

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 21 (***)
Solve the following trigonometric equation

4sin x cos x = 1 , 0 ≤ x < π ,

giving the answers in terms of π .

π 5π
C3R , x = ,
12 12

Question 22 (***)
Solve the following trigonometric equation

cosec2θ tan 2 θ
+ 8 = 0 , 0° ≤ θ < 360° .
cos θ

θ = 120°, 240°

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 23 (***)
Solve the following trigonometric equation

8 tan x = cot 2 x , 0 ≤ x < 2π .

x = 0.464c ,3.61c

Question 24 (***)
Prove the validity of the following trigonometric identity

1 1
− ≡ 2sin θ sec 2θ .
cos θ − sin θ cos θ + sin θ

proof

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 25 (***)
It is given that

1 + tan 2 x
≡ sec 2 x .
1 − tan 2 x

a) Prove the validity of the above trigonometric identity.

b) Hence solve the equation

1 + tan 2 x
+ 2 = 0 , 0 ≤ x < 2π ,
1 − tan 2 x

giving the answers in terms of π .

π 2π 4π 5π
x= , , ,
3 3 3 3

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 26 (***)

f ( x ) ≡ sin x + 3 cos x, 0 ≤ x < 2π .

π
a) Express f ( x ) in the form R cos ( x − α ) , R > 0 , 0 < α < .
2

b) State the minimum and maximum value of …

i. … f ( x) .

2
ii. …  f ( x )  .

1
iii. … .
5 + f ( x)

 π 1 , 1
C3E , f ( x ) ≡ 2 cos  x −  , [ −2, 2] , [0, 4] ,
 6 7 3

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 27 (***)

cos 2 x + sin 2 x ≡ 1 .

a) Starting with the above identity prove that

1 + tan 2 x ≡ sec 2 x .

b) Hence, or otherwise, solve the following trigonometric equation

2 tan 2 x + sec2 x = 5sec x , 0 ≤ x < 360° .

C3P , x = 60°,300°

Question 28 (***)
Prove the validity of the following trigonometric identity

1 + cot 2 θ
≡ cosec 2θ .
2cot θ

C3C , proof

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 29 (***)
Prove the validity of the following trigonometric identity

cot x − tan x ≡ 2cot 2 x .

C3U , proof

Question 30 (***)
It is given that arcsin x = arccos y .

Show, by a clear method, that

x2 + y2 = 1 .

C3U , proof

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 31 (***)

6sec 2 2 x + 5 tan 2 x = 12 , 0 ≤ θ < π .

Find the solutions of the above trigonometric equation, giving the answers in radians
correct to two decimal places.

C3A , x = 0.29c ,1.08c ,1.86c , 2.65c

Question 32 (***)
Solve the trigonometric equation

4 − 4 cos 2θ = cosecθ , 0 ≤ θ < 2π ,

giving the answers in terms of π .

π 5π
C3E , θ = ,
6 6

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 Created by T. Madas

192
STANDARD
QUESTIONS

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 1 (***+)

8 5
sin θ = and cos ϕ = .
17 13

If θ is obtuse and ϕ is acute, show that

171
cos (θ + ϕ ) = − .
221

C3M , proof

Question 2 (***+)
A curve C is defined by the equation

y = − arcsin ( x − 1) , 0 ≤ x ≤ 2 .

a) Describe the 2 geometric transformations that map the graph of arcsin x onto
the graph of C .

b) Sketch the graph of C .

The sketch must include the coordinates of any points where the graph of C
meets the coordinate axes and the coordinates of the endpoints of C .

C3P , translation by 1 unit to the right, followed by reflection in the x axis

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 3 (***+)
It is given that

secθ nπ
≡ cosec 2 θ , θ ≠ , n∈
.
secθ − cos θ 2

a) Prove the validity of the above trigonometric identity.

b) Hence solve the equation

secθ
= 4 ( cosecθ − 1) , 0 ≤ θ < 2π ,
secθ − cos θ

giving the answers in terms of π .

π 5π
θ= ,
6 6

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 4 (***+)
Solve each of the following trigonometric equations.

i. 2secθ − 1 = 2secθ sin 2 θ , 0° ≤ θ < 180° , θ ≠ 90°

ii. 4 cot 2 x − 9cosec x + 6 = 0 , 0° ≤ x < 360° , x ≠ 0°,180°

C3Q , θ = 60° , x = 30°,150°

Question 5 (***+)
Prove the validity of each of the following trigonometric identities.

1 − tan 2 θ
a) ≡ cos 2θ .
1 + tan 2 θ

sin θ 1 + cos θ
b) + ≡ 2 cosecθ .
1 + cos θ sin θ

proof

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 6 (***+)
It is given that

1 + cos 2θ kπ
≡ cot θ , θ ≠ , k ∈
.
sin 2θ 2

a) Prove the validity of the above trigonometric identity.

b) Hence solve the equation

cosec 4 x + cot 4 x = 1 , 0 ≤ x < 2π ,

giving the answers in terms of π .

π 5π 9π 13π
C3O , x = , , ,
8 8 8 8

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 7 (***+)

y ≡ 2 cos θ − 6 sin θ , 0 < θ < 360° .

a) Express y in the form R cos (θ + α ) , R > 0 , 0 < α < 90° .

b) Solve the equation y = 2 .

c) Write down the minimum value of …

i. … y 2 .

1
ii. … .
y2

C3B , y ≡ 8 cos (θ + 60° ) , θ = 255°, 345° , min = 0 , min = 1

8

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 8 (***+)

12 4
sin A = and cos B = .
13 5

If A is obtuse and B is acute, show clearly that

33
sin ( A + B ) = .
65

C3B , proof

Question 9 (***+)
By considering the compound angle identity for tan ( A + B ) , with suitable values for A
and B , show that

cot 75° = 2 − 3 .

C3R , proof

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 10 (***+)
It is given that

kπ
tan θ + cot θ ≡ 2cosec 2θ , θ ≠ , k ∈
.
2

a) Prove the validity of the above trigonometric identity.

b) Hence find, in terms of π , the solutions of the equation

tan θ + cot θ = 4 , 0 ≤ θ < 2π ,

giving the answers in terms of π .

π 5π 13π 17π
θ= , , ,
12 12 12 12

Question 11 (***+)
Solve the following trigonometric equation

sin 2θ = tan θ , 0 ≤ θ ≤ 180° .

θ = 0°, 45°,135°,180°

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 12 (***+)
It is given that

cos ( x + 30° ) + cos ( x − 30° ) ≡ 3 cos x .

a) Prove the validity of the above trigonometric identity.

b) Hence show that

cos 75° + cos15° = 1 6 .

2

proof

Question 13 (***+)
Prove the validity of each of the following trigonometric identities.

2 2
 1 + sin θ   1 − sin θ  2
a)   +  ≡ 4 tan θ + 2 .
 cos θ   cos θ 

 π  π
b) sin 2  θ +  + sin 2  θ −  ≡ 1 .
 4  4

proof

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 14 (***+)
It is given that

1 1
+ ≡ 2 tan θ secθ .
cosecθ − 1 cosecθ + 1

a) Prove the validity of the above trigonometric identity.

b) Hence solve the equation

1 1 1
+ = cot θ secθ , 0 ≤ θ < 360° .
cosecθ − 1 cosecθ + 1 2

θ = 26.6°,153.4°, 206.6°,333.4°

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 15 (***+)

12 15
sin x = and cos y = .
13 17

If x is obtuse and y is acute, show clearly that

220
sin ( x − y ) = .
221

C3V , proof

Question 16 (***+)
Solve the following trigonometric equation

2 + cos 2 x 2
2
= , for 0° ≤ x < 360° ,
3 + sin 2 x 5

x = 60°,120°, 240°,300°

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 17 (***+)
It is given that

2 tan x
≡ sin 2 x .
1 + tan 2 x

a) Prove the validity of the above trigonometric identity.

b) Use part (a) to show that

tan15° = 2 − 3 .

C3W , proof

Question 18 (***+)
Solve the trigonometric equation

sin x cos x
+ = 4, 0 ≤ x < 360° .
cos x sin x

x = 15°,75°,195°, 255°

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 19 (***+)
Solve the following trigonometric equation

tan (θ + 45° ) = 1 − 2 tan θ , 0 ≤ θ < 360° .

x = 0,180°,63.4°, 243.4°

Question 20 (***+)
It is given that

nπ
tan x sec x + cosec x ≡ cosec x sec2 x , x ≠ , n∈
.
2

a) Prove the validity of the above trigonometric identity.

b) Hence show that the equation

tan x sec x + cosec x = 1 sec2 x

2

has no real solutions.

proof

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 21 (***+)
Solve each of the following trigonometric equations.

1
i. sin ϕ + sec ϕ = 0 , 0 ≤ϕ <π .
4

ii. cos 2 y − 7 cos y + 4 = 0 , 0 ≤ y < 360° .

7π 11π
ϕ= , , y = 60°,300°
12 12

Question 22 (***+)
The acute angles α and β satisfy the relationships

7 cot 2 α + 6 cot α = 1 and 6 tan β = 8 + sec 2 β .

a) Determine the value of tan α and the value of tan β .

b) Show clearly that

tan (α + β ) = − 1 .
2

C3E , tan α = 7 , tan β = 3

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 23 (***+)
Simplify, showing all steps in the calculation, the following expression

tan ( arctan 3 − arctan 2 ) ,

giving the final answer as an exact fraction.

1
7

Question 24 (***+)
Show clearly that if x > 0

1 π
arctan x + arctan   = .
 x 2

proof

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 25 (***+)
Prove the validity of each of the following trigonometric identities.

sec2 θ
a) ≡ sec 2θ .
1 − tan 2 θ

cos 4θ + cos 2θ
b) ≡ cot θ .
sin 4θ − sin 2θ

proof

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 26 (***+)
It is given that

sec2 θ
≡ sec 2θ .
1 − tan 2 θ

a) Prove the validity of the above trigonometric identity.

b) Hence, or otherwise, solve the equation

sec2 2 x π
2
−2 = 0, 0≤ x < ,
1 − tan 2 x 2

giving the answers in terms of π .

π 5π
x= ,
12 12

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 27 (***+)
It is given that θ is a reflex angle such that

2
cos θ = .
3

Find the exact value of sin 2θ .

sin 2θ = − 4 5
9

Question 28 (***+)
It is given that

cosecθ nπ
≡ sec 2 θ , θ ≠ , n∈
.
cosecθ − sin θ 2

a) Prove the validity of the above trigonometric identity.

b) Hence solve the equation

cosecθ
+ 4 ( secθ + 1) = 0 , 0 ≤ θ < 2π ,
cosecθ − sin θ

giving the answers in terms of π .

2π 4π
θ= ,
3 3

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 29 (***+)
Solve the following trigonometric equation

sin 2θ = cot θ , 0 ≤ θ ≤ 180° .

C3X , θ = 45° ,90° ,135°

Question 30 (***+)
It is given that

nπ
( cosecθ − sin θ ) sec2 θ ≡ cosecθ , θ ≠ , n ∈
.
2

a) Prove the validity of the above trigonometric identity.

b) Hence solve the equation

( cosecθ − sin θ ) sec2 θ = 2 , 0 ≤ θ < 2π ,

giving the answers in terms of π .

π 3π
θ= ,
4 4

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 31 (***+)
The constants a and b are such so that

1 1
tan a = and tan b = .
3 7

Determine the exact value of cot ( a − b ) , showing all the steps in the workings.

cot ( a − b ) = 11
2

Question 32 (***+)

f ( y ) = 6 + 3cos y + 4sin y , 0 < y < 2π .

π
a) Express 3cos y + 4sin y in the form a cos ( y − b ) , a > 0 , 0 < b < .
2

It is further given that for 0 < y < 2π

A ≤ 2 f (2y) ≤ B .

b) Determine the value of each of the constants A and B .

( )
C3P , 3cos y + 4sin y ≡ 5cos y − 0.927 c , A = 2 , B = 22

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 33 (***+)
Use the compound angle identity for tan ( A + B ) , with suitable values for A and B , to
show that

1 + tan15°
= tan 60° .
1 − tan15°

proof

Question 34 (***+)

f ( x ) = cosec x − sin x , 0 < x < 180° .

Show that f ( x ) ≥ 0 for the entire domain of the function.

proof

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 35 (***+)
Given that cos x° = sin ( x − 45) ° , show that

tan x° = 1 + 2 .

C3L , proof

Question 36 (***+)

f ( x ) ≡ sin x + 2cos x .

π
a) Express f ( x ) in the form R cos ( x − α ) , where R > 0 , 0 < α < .
2

b) Hence solve the equation

1 + 2 cot x = cosec x , 0 < x < 2π .

( )
f ( x ) = 5 cos x − 0.464c , x = 1.57c ∪ x = 5.64c

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 37 (***+)

sin 2 x
= tan x , 0 < x < 2π .
1 − cos 2 x

Find the solutions of the above trigonometric equation, giving the answers in radians in
terms of π .

π 3π 5π 7π
x= , , ,
4 4 4 4

Question 38 (***+)
Given that

 π
tan  x +  = 4 + tan x ,
 4

find as an exact surd the exact value of tan x .

tan x = −2 ± 7

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 39 (***+)

1 + tan 2 θ
= 2 , 0 ≤ θ < 360 .
1 − tan 2 θ

Find the solutions of the above trigonometric equation, giving the answers in degrees.

θ = 30°,150°, 210°,330°

Question 40 (***+)

3sec 2ψ − 2cot 2ψ = 0 , 0 ≤ ψ < 360 .

Find the solutions of the above trigonometric equation, giving the answers in degrees.

ψ = 15°, 75°,195°, 255°

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 41 (***+)

y = e − x sin ( 3x ) , x ∈  .
Find the exact values of the constants R and α so that

dy
dx
= R e− x cos ( )
3x + α ,

π
where R > 0 and 0 < α < .
2

π
R=2 , α =
6

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 42 (***+)
Solve the following trigonometric equation

( )
2arctan 1 = arccos x ,
2

showing clearly all the workings.

x=3
5

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 43 (***+)
The functions f and g are defined as

f ( x ) = 2cos x + sin x , x ∈  .

5
g ( x) = , x∈.
x2 + 5

π
a) Express f ( x ) in the form R sin ( x + α ) , where R > 0 and 0 < α < .
2

b) Determine the range of gf ( x ) , showing clearly all the relevant workings.

( )
C3Y , f ( x ) = 5 sin x + 1.107c , 1 ≤ gf ( x ) ≤ 1
2

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 44 (***+)
Simplify, showing clearly all the workings, the expression

tan arctan 1 + arctan 1  ,

 3 4

giving the final answer as an exact fraction.

7
11

Question 45 (***+)
Prove the validity of the following trigonometric identity

sin 2ϕ cos 2ϕ
− ≡ sec ϕ .
sin ϕ cos ϕ

C3Z , proof

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 46 (***+)
It is given that

u = sin θ + cos θ , v = sin θ − cos θ .

Use trigonometric identities to show that

u 2 + v2 = 2 .

proof

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 47 (***+)
Solve the trigonometric equation

π
( cosec x − sin x ) sec2 x = 2 , 0 ≤ x <π, x ≠ ,
2

giving the answers in terms of π .

π 5π
x= ,
6 6

Question 48 (***+)
The angle θ is such so that

1
cot θ = .
3

Show clearly that

10
cos θ = ± .
10

proof

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 49 (***+)
Use a detailed method to show that

arccos  5
− 12   − 1  3π .
 + arccos 10 2  =
    4

SYN-B , proof

Question 50 (***+)
A relationship is defined as

x = sin θ cos θ , 0 ≤ θ < 2π

y = 4cos 2 θ , 0 ≤ θ < 2π .

Use trigonometric identities to show that

16 x 2 = y ( 4 − y ) .

proof

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 51 (***+)
Show clearly that

( )
2arccos 4 = arccos 7 .
5 25 ( )
proof

Question 52 (***+)
It is given that

sin 3 x ≡ 3sin x − 4sin 3 x .

a) Prove the validity of the above trigonometric identity, by writing sin 3 x as

sin ( 2 x + x ) .

6
b) Given that sin x = , find the exact value of sin 3 x .
6

sin 3 x = 7 6
18

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 53 (***+)
It is given that

nπ
4cosec2 2θ − sec 2θ ≡ cosec2θ , θ ≠ , n∈
.
2

a) Prove the validity of the above trigonometric identity.

b) Hence show that if

( )
4 cosec2 2θ − 2 = sec 2 θ − 2cosecθ ,

then either sin θ = 1 or sin θ = − 1 .

2 4

C3U , proof

Question 54 (***+)
Show clearly that

2 5 3
arctan + arctan = arctan .
3 12 2

proof

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 55 (***+)
Show clearly that

2x
sin ( 2 arctan x ) = 2
.
x +1

proof

Question 56 (***+)
Prove the validity of the following trigonometric identity

π
arcsin x + arccos x = .
2

proof

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 57 (***+)
Show clearly that

arctan 1 + arctan 4 = arctan 3 .

3 3

proof

Question 58 (***+)
Solve the trigonometric equation

arcsin x = arccos 2 x .

1
x=
5

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 59 (***+)
Using a detailed method, show that

arctan 1 + arctan 1 = 1 π .
2 3 4

proof

Question 60 (***+)
Given that x is measured in radians, use small angle approximations to simplify the
following expression.

cos 7 x − 1
x sin x

MP2-A , − 49
2

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 61 (***+)
Given that x is measured in radians, use small angle approximations to simplify the
following expression.

cos 2 ( 3 x ) − 1
( )
2 x sin 3 x
4

MP2-D , −6

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 62 (***+)
Prove that

( ) ()
2arcsin 2 = arccos 1 .
3 9

V , SYN-U , proof

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 63 (***+)
Solve the following trigonometric equation

3  6x 
2 arctan   = arctan   .
 x  25 

SYN-K , x = ±6

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 64 (***+)
Show, by detailed workings, that

3π
arctan 2 + arctan 3 = .
4

proof

Question 65 (***+)
Find the general solution of the following trigonometric equation

2arctan ( sin x ) = arctan ( sec x ) .

π
x= + kπ , k ∈

4

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 66 (****)

( )
f ( x ) = x 2 + 1 ( x − 1) , x ∈  .

a) Simplify f ( x ) .

b) Prove the validity of the trigonometric identity

cosecθ − sin θ
≡ cot 3 θ .
secθ − cos θ

c) Hence, or otherwise, solve the equation

cosecθ − sin θ
+ cot θ = cosec2θ , 0 ≤ x < 2π ,
secθ − cos θ

giving the answers in terms of π .

π 5π
x3 − x 2 + x − 1 , x = ,
4 4

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 67 (****)
Solve the following trigonometric equation

kπ
2 cot θ − 3cosecθ = 2secθ cosecθ , 0 < θ < 2π , θ ≠ , k ∈
,
2

giving the answers in terms of π .

2π 4π
θ= ,
3 3

Question 68 (****)

f ( x ) = 2 + 2sin x , −π ≤ x ≤ π .

a) Find an expression for f −1 ( x ) .

b) Sketch the graph of f −1 ( x ) .

The sketch must include the coordinates of any points where the graph of
f −1 ( x ) meet the coordinate axes as well as the coordinates of its endpoints.

( )
f −1 ( x ) = arcsin 1 x − 1
2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 69 (****)
Prove the validity of each of the following trigonometric identities.

a) 2 cot 2θ + tan θ ≡ cot θ .

sin 3 x cos3 x
b) − ≡ 2.
sin x cos x

proof

Question 70 (****)
Show that the following trigonometric equation

tan 2θ − 3cot θ = 0 , 0 < θ < 2π , ,

has six solutions in the interval 0 < θ < 2π , giving the answers in terms of π .

SYN-R , θ = 1 π , 1 π , 2 π , 4 π , 3 π , 5 π
3 2 3 3 2 3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 71 (****)

f (θ ° ) ≡ ( )
3 + 1 cos 2θ ° + ( )
3 − 1 sin 2θ ° .

a) Express f (θ ) in the form R sin ( 2θ + α ) , R > 0 , 0 ≤ θ ° < 90 .

b) Solve the equation

f (θ ° ) = 2 , 0 ≤ θ ° < 360 .

C3O , f (θ ° ) ≡ 8 sin ( 2θ + 75 ) ° , θ = 30°,165°, 210°,345°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 72 (****)
It is given that

sec x sec x
− ≡ 2cosec 2 x .
1 + sec x 1 − sec x

a) Prove the validity of the above trigonometric identity.

b) Hence, or otherwise, solve the equation

sec x sec x
− = 16sin x , 0 ≤ x < 2π ,
1 + sec x 1 − sec x

giving the answers in terms of π .

π 5π
x= ,
6 6

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 73 (****)
Solve the trigonometric equation

cosecθ − sin θ + 2 cos 2 θ cot θ = 0 , 0 < θ < 2π , θ ≠ π ,

giving the answers in terms of π .

π 2π 4π 3π
θ= , , ,
2 3 3 2

Question 74 (****)

5 7
sin θ = and sin ϕ = − .
13 25

If θ is obtuse and ϕ is such so that 180° < ϕ < 270° , show that

36
sin (θ + ϕ ) = − .
325

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 75 (****)
It is given that

2 tan θ
sin 2θ ≡ .
1 + tan 2 θ

a) Prove the validity of the above trigonometric identity.

b) By using θ = 15° in the above identity, show that

tan15° = 2 − 3 .

proof

Question 76 (****)
Prove the validity of each of the following trigonometric identities.

2sin x cos x − cos x

a) ≡ cot x .
1 − sin x + sin 2 x − cos 2 x

sec 2 x − 1
b) ≡ tan 2 x .
sec 2 x + 1

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 77 (****)
It is given that

cos 3 x ≡ 4cos3 x − 3cos x .

a) Prove the validity of the above trigonometric identity by writing cos 3 x as

cos ( 2 x + x ) .

b) Hence, or otherwise, solve the trigonometric equation

8cos3 x − 6cos x + 1 = 0 , 0 ≤ x < 2π ,

giving the answers in terms of π .

2π 4π 8π 10π 14π 16π

C3V , x = , , , , ,
9 9 9 9 9 9

Question 78 (****)
It is given that

cos θ − θ sin θ = 0.9994 .

Given that the above equation has a solution that is numerically small, show by using a
quadratic approximation that θ = ±0.02c .

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 79 (****)

sin ( A + B ) ≡ sin A cos B + cos A sin B .

a) Use the above trigonometric identity with suitable values for A and B , to show

6+ 2
sin 75° = .
4

b) Hence by using the trigonometric expansion of cos ( 75° + α ) with a suitable

value for α , show that

cos165° = − sin 75° .

proof

Question 80 (****)
Use small angle approximations to show that if x is measured in radians then

1 + cos x
≈ A + Bx ,
( )
1 + sin 1 x
2

where A and B are constants to be found.

SYN-Q , A = 2 , B = −1

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 81 (****)
Solve each of the following trigonometric equations.

2 − 3sec2 x π 5π
i. 6 tan x = , 0 ≤ x < 2π , x ≠ , .
tan x − 1 4 4

ii. cos ( 3θ − 60° ) = cos ( 3θ + 30° ) , 0 ≤ θ ≤ 180° .

SYN-D , x ≈ 0.322c , x ≈ 3.46c , θ = 5°, 65°, 125°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 82 (****)

3 24
cosθ = − and tan ϕ = .
5 7

If θ is reflex, and ϕ is also reflex, show that

44
sin (θ − ϕ ) = − .
125

proof

Question 83 (****)
Solve the trigonometric equation

2 (1 − cos 2θ ) = tan θ , 0 ≤ θ ≤ 180° .

θ = 0°,15°,75°,180°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 84 (****)
A curve has equation

y = π − arccos ( x + 1) , −2 ≤ x ≤ 0 .

a) Describe geometrically the 3 transformations that map the graph of

y = arccos x , −1 ≤ x ≤ 1 ,

onto the graph of

y = π − arccos ( x + 1) , −2 ≤ x ≤ 0 .

b) Sketch the graph of

y = π − arccos ( x + 1) , −2 ≤ x ≤ 0 .

The sketch must include the coordinates of any points where the graph meets the
coordinate axes.

c) Use symmetry arguments to find the area of the finite region bounded by

y = π − arccos ( x + 1) , −2 ≤ x ≤ 0 ,

and the coordinate axes.

C3L , translation by 1 unit to the right, followed by reflection in the x axis ,

area = π

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 85 (****)
It is given that

( cos x + sec x )2 ≡ cos 2 x + tan 2 x + 3 .

a) Prove the validity of the above trigonometric identity.

b) Hence solve the trigonometric equation

13
cos2 x + tan 2 x = , 0 ≤ x < 2π ,
4

giving the answers in terms of π .

π 2π 4π 5π
SYN-H , x = , , ,
3 3 3 3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 86 (****)

cos ( A + B ) ≡ cos A cos B − sin A sin B

cos ( A − B ) ≡ cos A cos B + sin A sin B

a) By using the above identities show that

cos ( A + B ) + cos ( A − B ) ≡ 2 cos A cos B .

b) Hence show that

 P+Q   P −Q 
cos P + cos Q ≡ 2cos   cos  .
 2   2 

c) Deduce that

cos 4 x + cos 2 x
≡ cos x .
2cos3x

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 87 (****)
Solve each of the following trigonometric equations.

1 − tan 2 θ
i. secθ = , 0 ≤ θ < 2π .
4secθ − 9

 π  π
ii. 2cos  x +  + sin  x +  = 0 , 0 ≤ x < 2π .
 2  3

π 5π π 7π
θ= , , x= ,
3 3 6 6

Question 88 (****)
Prove the validity of each of the following trigonometric identities.

cos 2 x − cos x + 1
a) ≡ cot x .
sin 2 x − sin x

 π  π
b) tan  θ +  + tan  θ −  ≡ 2 tan 2θ .
 4  4

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 89 (****)
It is given that

tan A + tan B
tan ( A + B ) = .
1 − tan A tan B

a) Use the above trigonometric identity to express tan 2θ in terms of tan θ .

b) Hence determine the exact value of tan 22.5° , showing clearly all the relevant
workings.

2 tan θ
tan 2θ = , tan 22.5° = −1 + 2
1 − tan 2 θ

Question 90 (****)
Prove the validity of the trigonometric identity

1 − cos 2 x + sin 2 x
≡ tan x .
1 + cos 2 x + sin 2 x

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 91 (****)
In this question it is given that the exact value of tan 20° = t .

a) Express tan 25° in terms of t .

b) By using the result of part (a) show that

tan 25° tan 65° = 1 .

c) Show further that if

2 cos (θ ° + 20° ) = 5sin (θ ° − 20° ) ,

then

2 + 5t
tan θ = .
5 + 2t

1− t
C3J , tan 25° =
1+ t

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 92 (****)

( )
f ( x ) = −2 + 2 tan 1 x , −π ≤ x ≤ π .
2

a) Find an expression for f −1 ( x ) .

b) Sketch the graph of f −1 ( x ) .

The sketch must include …

• …the equations of the asymptotes of f −1 ( x )

• …the coordinates of any points where the graph of f −1 ( x ) meets the

coordinate axes.

( )
f −1 ( x ) = 2arctan 1 x + 1
2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 93 (****)
The function f is defined as

1 π
f ( x) = , 0≤ x< .
1 + tan x 2

a) Use differentiation to show that f is a one to one function.

b) Find a simplified expression for the inverse of f .

c) Determine the range of f .

 1− x 
C3I , f −1 ( x ) = arctan   , 0 < f ( x) ≤ 1
 x 

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 94 (****)

( )
cos 1 x
2 = 0.925 .
1 + sin x

Given that the above equation has a solution that is numerically small, find this solution
by using a quadratic approximation.

No credit will be given for solving a trigonometric equation.

MP2-U , x ≈ 0.08

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 95 (****)
It is given that

sin 3 x ≡ 3sin x − 4sin 3 x .

a) Prove the validity of the above trigonometric identity, by writing sin 3x as

sin ( 2x + x ) .

b) Hence, or otherwise, find the exact value of


2
sin 3 x dx .
0

2
3

Question 96 (****)
Solve the trigonometric equation

7sin 2 x + sin x cos x = 6 , 0° ≤ x ≤ 360° ,

giving the answers to the nearest degree.

C3V , x ≈ 63°, 108°, 243°, 288°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 97 (****)

f ( x ) = 3 cos x − sin x , x ∈  .

π
a) Express f ( x ) in the form R cos ( x + α ) , R > 0 , 0 < α < .
2

b) State the maximum value of f ( x ) and find the smallest positive value of x for
which this maximum occurs.

The depth of the water, D metres, in a harbour is modelled by the equation

 πt   πt 
D = 13 + 3 cos   − sin   , 0 ≤ t < 24
 6  6

where t is the time in hours measured since midnight.

c) State the maximum depth of the water in the harbour and a time when this
maximum depth occurs.

d) Find the times when the depth of the water in the harbour is 12 metres.

 π 11π
C3G , 3 cos x − sin x ≡ 2cos  x +  , max = 2 , x = , Dmax = 15 ,
 6 6
11: 00 / 23 : 00 , 03 : 00 / 07 : 00 /15 : 00 /19 : 00

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 98 (****)

8 4
sin P = and tan Q = .
17 3

If P is obtuse and Q is reflex, show that

13
cos ( P − Q ) = .
85

proof

Question 99 (****)
Prove the validity of each of the following trigonometric identities.

2 tan x 2
a) 2 − 2 tan x − ≡ (1 − tan x ) .
tan 2 x

1 − cos x
b)
1 + cos x
( )
≡ cot 2 x .
2

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 100 (****)

 π  π
cos  x +  = 4cos  x −  .
 6  6

Show by using an appropriate compound angle identity that

3
tan x = − 3.
5

proof

Question 101 (****)

Show clearly that …

sin ( A + B ) − sin ( A − B )
a) … cot A ≡ .
cos ( A − B ) − cos ( A + B )

b) … cot 75° = 2 − 3 ,
(use part (a) with suitable values of A and B )

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 102 (****)

The curves C1 and C2 have respective equations

y1 = 3arcsin ( x − 1) and y1 = 2 arccos ( x − 1) .

a) Sketch in the same diagram the graph of C1 and the graph of C2 .

The sketch must include the coordinates of any points where the graphs of C1
and C2 meet the coordinate axes as well as the coordinates of the endpoints of
the curves.

b) Use a suitable iteration formula of the form xn +1 = f ( xn ) with x1 = 1.6 to find

the x coordinate of the point of intersection between the graph of C1 and the
graph of C2 .

x ≈ 1.59

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 103 (****)

It is given that

 P+Q  P −Q 
sin P + sin Q ≡ 2sin   cos  .
 2   2 

a) Prove the validity of the above trigonometric identity by using the compound
angle identities for sin ( A + B ) and sin ( A − B ) .

b) Hence, or otherwise, solve the trigonometric equation

sin 7 x + sin x = 0 , 0 ≤ x < π ,

giving the answers in terms of π .

π π π π 2π 3π 5π
SYN-B , x = 0, , , , , , ,
6 4 3 2 3 4 6

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 104 (****)

Solve each of the following trigonometric equations.

5 + tan 2 y π 3π
i. = 9 − sec y , 0 ≤ y < 2π , y ≠ , .
sec y 2 2

 π  π
ii. 2 cos  θ +  = sin  θ +  , 0 ≤ θ < 2π .
 4  6

π 13π
y = 1.32c , 4.97c , θ = ,
12 12

Question 105 (****)

Prove the validity of each of the following trigonometric identities.

a) ( cos x + sin x )( cosec x − sec x ) ≡ 2cot 2 x .

cos x 1 − sin x
b) + ≡ sec x .
1 − sin x cos x

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 106 (****)

It is given that

cos ( A + B ) + cos( A − B ) ≡ 2cos A cos B .

a) Prove the validity of the above trigonometric identity.

b) Hence, or otherwise, solve the trigonometric equation

 π  π
2cos  x +  = sec  x +  , 0 ≤ x ≤ π ,
 6  2

giving the answers in terms of π .

π 5π
C3J , x = ,
2 6

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 107 (****)

It is given that

cos 2 x + tan x sin 2 x ≡ 1 , x ≠ 90° ( n + 1) , n ∈
.

a) Prove the validity of the above trigonometric identity.

b) Use the above result to solve the trigonometric equation

tan x sin 2 x + 13cos x = 8 , 0 ≤ x < 360° .

x = 60°, 300°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 108 (****)

3cos 2 x − cos x = 1.99375 .

It is given that the above trigonometric equation has a solution that is numerically small.

Use small angle approximations to find this solution.

No credit will be given for standard solution methods.

MP2-Y , x ≈ ± 0.05

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 109 (****)

It is given that

2cot θ
≡ sin 2θ .
1 + cot 2 θ

a) Prove the validity of the above trigonometric identity.

b) Use the above result to solve the trigonometric equation

( )
4 cot 2 θ + 1 = 2sin 2θ 1 + cot 2 θ , 0 ≤ θ < 360° .

C3Y , x ≈ 63.4°, 243.4°

Question 110 (****)

If sin (θ + α ) = 2sin θ , show clearly that

sin α
tan θ = .
2 − cos α

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 111 (****)

Given that the exact value of tan 20° = t , show that

−1 + t 2 + 1
tan10° = .
t

SYN-G , proof

Question 112 (****)

Use trigonometric algebra to solve the equation

sin  arcsin 1 + arccos x  = 1 .

 4 

x=1
4

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 113 (****)

It is given that

 P+Q  P −Q 
sin P + sin Q ≡ 2sin   cos  .
 2   2 

a) Prove the validity of the above trigonometric identity, by using the compound
angle identities for sin ( A + B ) and sin ( A − B ) .

b) Hence, or otherwise, solve the trigonometric equation

sin 4θ + sin 2θ = cos θ , 0 ≤ θ < π ,

giving the answers in terms of π .

π 5π π 13π 17π
C3M , θ = ,, , ,
18 18 2 18 18

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 114 (****)

24 15
sin θ = and cos ϕ = .
25 17

If θ is obtuse and ϕ is reflex, show clearly that

425
sec (θ + ϕ ) = .
87

proof

Question 115 (****)

Solve each of the following trigonometric equations.

sec2 x − 2 tan x − 1 π 3π
i. = , 0 ≤ x < 2π , x ≠ , .
tan x 2 2 2

ii. 2 cos 2θ = 4 cos θ − 3 , 0 ≤ θ < 360° .

C3F, only ii , x = 0.785c , 2.03c , 3.93c , 5.18c , θ = 60°, 300°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 116 (****)

( )
x = arccos − 5 .
13

Determine the exact value of cosec 2 x .

− 169
120

Question 117 (****)

f ( x ) = sec x , x ∈  , 0 ≤ x ≤ 4π .

a) Sketch the graph of f ( x ) , showing clearly the coordinates of any stationary

points and equations of asymptotes.

It is now given that

secθ = sec ϕ ,

π 7π
where 0 < θ < and < ϕ < 4π .
2 2

b) Express ϕ in terms of θ .

C3Q , ϕ = 4π − θ

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 118 (****)

1
If cos x = , show by detailed workings that
3

119
cos x cos 2 x cos 4 x = − .
2187

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 119 (****)

4sin θ + cos θ = 2 , 0 ≤ θ < 360° .

a) Show that the above trigonometric equation can be written as

16sin 2 θ = 4 − 4cos θ + cos 2 θ .

b) Show further that

2 ± 4 13
cos θ = .
17

c) Hence, or otherwise, find the two values of θ that satisfy the equation

4sin θ + cos θ = 2 , 0 ≤ θ < 360° .

θ ≈ 15.0°, 136.9°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 120 (****)

It is given that

sin 2 x + sin x
≡ tan x .
cos 2 x + cos x + 1

a) Prove the validity of the above trigonometric identity.

b) Hence, or otherwise, solve for 0 ≤ x < 360°

sin 2 x + sin x
= 3cot x .
cos 2 x + cos x + 1

x = 60°, 120°, 180°, 300°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 121 (****)

It is given that

 P+Q  P −Q 
sin P + sin Q ≡ 2sin   cos  .
 2   2 

a) Prove the validity of the above trigonometric identity, by using the compound
angle identities for sin ( A + B ) and sin ( A − B ) .

b) Hence, or otherwise, solve the trigonometric equation

sin θ − sin 3θ + sin 5θ = 0 , 0 ≤ θ ≤ 180° .

C3Z , θ = 0°, 30°, 60°, 120°, 150°, 180°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 122 (****)

It is given that

cos 2 x sin 2 x
+ ≡ cosec x .
sin x cos x

a) Prove the validity of the above trigonometric identity.

b) Hence, or otherwise, solve for 0 ≤ x < 180°

cos 6 x sin 6 x
+ = 2.
sin 3x cos3x

x = 10°, 50°, 130°, 170°

Question 123 (****)

Solve the following trigonometric equation

sin 4 y = sin 2 y , 0 ≤ y < 180° .

y = 0°, 30° ,90° ,150°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 124 (****)

O
x
A (π , −8 ) B ( 2π , −2 )

y = P + Q sec x

The figure above shows part of the curve with equation

y = P + Q sec x ,

where P and Q are non zero constants.

The curve has turning points at A (π , −8 ) and B ( 2π , −2 ) .

Determine the value of P and the value of Q .

C3I , P = −5 , Q = 3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 125 (****)

3 5
cot A = − and cos B = .
4 13

If A is reflex and B is also reflex, show that

56
tan ( A + B ) = .
33

SYN-E , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 126 (****)

Prove the validity of each of the following trigonometric identities.

cot x cosec x − 1
a) − ≡ 2 tan x .
cosec x − 1 cot x

sin 3θ cos3θ
b) + ≡ 2cot 2θ .
cosθ sin θ

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 127 (****)

P A S

8cm

B
D

20cm

θ
Q C R
20cm

The figure above shows the cross section of a letter inside a filling slot.

The letter ABCD is modelled as a rectangle with AB = 8cm and BC = 20 cm .

The width of the filling slot QR is also 20 cm and the angle BCR is θ .

a) Show clearly that

5cos θ + 2sin θ = 5 .

b) Express 5cos θ + 2sin θ in the form R cos (θ − α ) , R > 0 , 0 < a < 90° .

c) Hence, determine the value of θ .

C3X , 5cos θ + 2sin θ = 29 cos (θ − 21.8° ) , θ ≈ 43.6°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 128 (****)

Solve the following trigonometric equation

cosec 4θ − cot 4 θ = 2 + 3 cot θ , 0 ≤ θ < 2π .

3

MP2-A , θ ≈ 1.05c , 1.29c , 4.19c , 4.43c

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 129 (****)

cosθ cos 2θ 1
= , 0 ≤ x < 2π .
cos θ + sin θ 2

Given that cos θ + sin θ ≠ 0 , find the solutions of the above trigonometric equation,
giving the answers in radians in terms of π .

π 5π 9π 13π
MP2-B , x = ,
, ,
8 8 8 8

Question 130 (****)

Solve in degrees the following trigonometric equation

tan 2 x + tan x = 0 , 0 ≤ x < 360 .

x = 0°, 60°, 120°, 180°, 240°, 300°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 131 (****)

It is given that

2 cot 2 x + tan x ≡ cot x .

a) Prove the validity of the above trigonometric identity.

b) Hence solve the following trigonometric equation

cot x − tan x = 1 tan 2 x , 0 ≤ x < 180° .

2

x ≈ 31.7°, 58.3°, 121.7°, 148.3°

Question 132 (****)

If cot θ = 2 , use the tangent double angle identity to show

9
tan θ cot 2θ tan 4θ = − .
7

You must show detailed workings in this question

C3H , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 133 (****)

It is given that

( secθ − cosθ )( cosecθ − sin θ ) ≡ sin θ cos θ .

a) Prove the validity of the above trigonometric identity.

b) Hence solve the trigonometric equation

1
( secθ − cosθ )( cosecθ − sin θ ) = − , 0 ≤ θ < 360° .
4

θ = 105°, 165°, 285°, 345°

Question 134 (****)

The three angles of a triangle are denoted by α , β and γ .

Show clearly that …

a) … sin (α + β ) = sin γ .

α + β  γ 
b) … sin   = cos   .
 2  2

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 135 (****)

f ( x ) = 3 sin x + cos x , x ∈  .

a) Express f ( x ) in the form R cos ( x − α ) , R > 0 , 0 < α < 90° .

b) State the maximum value of f ( x ) and find the smallest positive value of x for
which this maximum occurs.

The temperature of the water T °C in a tropical fish tank is modelled by the equation

T = 32 + 3 sin (15t ) ° + cos (15t ) ° , 0 ≤ t < 24 ,

where t is the time in hours measured since midnight.

c) State the maximum temperature of the water in the tank and the time when this
maximum temperature occurs.

d) Show that the temperature of the water in the tank reaches 30.5 °C at 13 :14
and at 18 : 46 .
[You may not verify the answers in this part]

MP2-C , 3 sin x + cos x ≡ 2cos ( x − 60° ) , max = 2 , x = 60° , Tmax = 34 ,

04 : 00

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 136 (****)

It is given that

tan θ (1 + sec 2θ ) ≡ tan 2θ .

a) Prove the validity of the above trigonometric identity.

b) Hence, or otherwise, solve for 0 ≤ θ < 180°

tan θ (1 + sec 2θ ) = 4 tan θ .

θ = 0° θ ≈ 35.3°, 144.7°

Question 137 (****)

By twice applying the identity

sin 2θ = 2sin θ cos θ ,

solve the trigonometric equation

1
sin x cos x cos 2 x = , 0 ≤ x < π .
8

π 5π 13π 17π
x= ,, ,
24 24 24 24

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 138 (****)

f ( x ) = 2.5sin 2 x + 6 cos 2 x , 0 < x < 2π .

π
a) Express f ( x ) in the form R sin ( 2 x + α ) , R > 0 , 0 < α < .
2

b) Determine the value of the constant A so that

5sin x cos x + 12cos 2 x ≡ f ( x ) + A .

c) Hence, or otherwise, find the minimum and the maximum value of

5sin x cos x + 12 cos 2 x .

( )
f ( x ) = 6.5sin 2 x + 1.176c , A = 6 , max = 12.5 , min = −0.5

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 139 (****)

Find the two solutions of the trigonometric equation

(1 + sec y )(1 − cos y ) = tan y , 0 ≤ y < 2π ,

giving the answers in terms of π .

y = 0, π

Question 140 (****)

Solve each of the following trigonometric equations.

1 − 2cosec2 y
i. − 2 = cot y , 0 < y < 2π , y ≠ π .
2cot y

ii. cos 2θ + 6cos θ + 5 = 0 , 0 ≤ θ < 360° .

y ≈ 2.03c , 5.18c , θ = 180°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 141 (****)

Sketch the graph of

y = −4 + 2cosec 2 x , 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π .

The sketch must include

• the equations of any asymptotes to the curve

• the exact coordinates of any stationary points.
• the exact coordinates of any points where the curve crosses the coordinate axes.

graph

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 142 (****)

Prove the validity of each of the trigonometric identities.

a) cosecθ − cot θ ≡ tan θ .

2 ( )
2 tan 2 x
b) ≡ cosec 2 x .
tan 2 x − sin 2 x

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 143 (****)

f ( x ) ≡ 27 x3 − 9 x − 2 , x ∈  .

a) Show that (3x + 1) is a factor of f ( x ) .

It is further given that

36 cos 2θ cos θ + 9sin 2θ sin θ = 4 .

b) Find the possible values of cos θ .

C3I , cos θ = − 1 , 2
3 3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 144 (****)

It is given that

1 − tan 2 θ
≡ cos 2θ .
1 + tan 2 θ

a) Prove the validity of the above trigonometric identity.

1+ 5
b) Given that cos36° = , show clearly that
4

5−2 5
tan 2 18° = .
5

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 145 (****)

f (θ ) ≡ 5cos θ − 12sin θ , θ ∈  .

π
a) Express f (θ ) in the form R cos (θ + α ) , R > 0 , 0 < α < .
2
Give the value of α correct to 3 decimal places.

b) State the maximum value of f (θ ) and find the smallest positive value of θ for
which this maximum occurs.

The pressure P , in suitable units, in a nuclear plant is modelled by the equation

( ) ( )
P = 20 + 5cos 4π t − 12sin 4π t , 0 ≤ t < 12 ,
25 25

where t is the time in hours measured from midnight.

c) State the maximum pressure in the plant and the value of t when this maximum
pressure occurs.

d) Find the times, to the nearest minute, when P = 15 .

( )
SYN-D , 5cos θ − 12sin θ ≡ 13cos θ + 1.176c , max = 13 , θ = 5.107c ,

Pmax = 33 , tmax = 10.16 , 01: 34 / 06 :15

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 146 (****)

It is given that

tan 2 x − sin 2 x
≡ 2sin 2 x , tan 2 x ≠ 0 .
tan 2 x

a) Prove the validity of the above trigonometric identity.

b) Hence find, in terms of π , the solutions of the trigonometric equation

tan 2 x − sin 2 x
= 1 , 0 ≤ x < 2π .
tan 2 x

π 3π 5π 7π
x= ,
, ,
4 4 4 4

Question 147 (****)

12
If sin x = and x is obtuse, show clearly that
13

119
cot 2 x = .
120

MP2-D , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 148 (****)

It is given that

cos x
cos x + sin x tan 2 x ≡ .
cos 2 x

a) Prove the validity of the above trigonometric identity.

b) Hence find, in terms of π , the solutions of the trigonometric equation

cos x + sin x tan 2 x = 1 , 0 ≤ x < 2π ,

giving the answers in terms of π .

2π 4π
x = 0, ,
3 3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 149 (****)

It is given that

cosec x cosec x
− ≡ 2sec 2 x , cosec x ≠ ±1 .
1 + cosec x 1 − cosec x

a) Prove the validity of the above trigonometric identity.

b) Hence find the solutions of the trigonometric equation

cosec x cosec x
− = 5 tan x , 0 ≤ x < 2π .
1 + cosec x 1 − cosec x

x ≈ 0.464c , 1.11c , 3.61c , 4.25c

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 150 (****)

3 5
cot A = − and cos B = .
4 13

If A is reflex and B is also reflex, show that

56
tan ( A + B ) = .
33

SYN-E , proof

Question 151 (****)

Given that

 π  π
cos  x −  = 2sin  x +  ,
 3  3

show clearly that

tan x = −4 − 3 3 .

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 152 (****)

Make x the subject of the equation

arctan (1 + x ) + arctan (1 − x ) = y .

2
x=±
tan y

Question 153 (****)

It is given that

sin ( x + y ) sin ( x − y ) ≡ cos 2 y − cos 2 x .

a) Prove the validity of the above trigonometric identity.

b) Hence, show that

 7π  π  1
sin   sin   = .
 12   12  4

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 154 (****)

It is given that

1 1 2sec x
+ ≡ .
cos x − sin x cos x + sin x 1 − tan 2 x

a) Prove the validity of the above trigonometric identity.

b) Hence solve the trigonometric equation

1 1
+ = 2 , 0 < x < 2π ,
cos x − sin x cos x + sin x

giving the answers in terms of π .

2π 4π
x= ,
3 3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 155 (****)

6
f ( x) = for 0 < x < π , x ≠ β .
2cos x + 2sin x

π
a) Express 2cos x + 2sin x in the form R cos ( x − α ) , R > 0 , 0 < a < .
2

The curve with equation y = f ( x ) has a vertical asymptote at x = β .

b) Determine the value of β .

c) Solve the equation

f ( 3x ) − 6 = 0 ,

giving the answers in terms of π .

 π 3π π 5π 25π 29π
C3C , 2cos x + 2sin x ≡ 2 2 cos  x −  , β = , x= , , ,
 4 4 36 36 36 36

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 156 (****)

It is given that

tan 2 x − 3
tan ( x + 60° ) tan ( x − 60° ) ≡ .
1 − 3tan 2 x

a) Prove the validity of the above trigonometric identity.

b) Hence, or otherwise, solve the trigonometric equation

tan ( x + 60° ) tan ( x − 60° ) + 11 = 0 , 0 ≤ x < 360° .

x ≈ 26.6°, 153.4°, 186.6°, 333.4°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 157 (****)

f ( x ) ≡ cos x + 3 sin x , x ∈  .

π
a) Express f ( x ) in the form R cos ( x − α ) , where R > 0 and 0 < α < .
2

b) Hence solve the equation

cos 2θ + 3 sin 2θ = 2 cos θ , 0 ≤ θ < 2π .

 π π 7π 13π
C3Q , f ( x ) = 2cos  x −  , θ = , ,
 3 3 9 9

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 158 (****)

It is given that

cosec x − sin x
≡ sec x .
cot x cos 2 x

a) Prove the validity of the above trigonometric identity.

b) Hence, or otherwise, solve the trigonometric equation

cosec x − sin x
tan 2 x − sec x = , 0 ≤ x < 360° .
2 cot x cos 2 x

x = 60°, 300°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 159 (****)

S R
A B

2.5 2.5
P Q

3 3
2θ
C

The figure above shows an isosceles triangle ABC where the angle ACB = 2θ .

A rectangle PQRS is drawn inside ABC , so that S and R lie on AB , P lies on AC

and Q lies on BC .

It is further given that AP = BQ = 2.5 and PC = QC = 3 .

a) Show clearly that the perimeter of PQRS is

5cos θ + 12sin θ .

b) Express 5cos θ + 12sin θ in the form R sin (θ + α ) , R > 0 , 0 < α < 90° .

c) Find the value of θ , given that the perimeter of PQRS is 10 .

MP2-E , 5cos θ + 12sin θ ≅ 13sin (θ + 22.62 ) ° , θ ≈ 27.7°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 160 (****)

f (θ ) ≡ 3 sin θ + sin θ , 0 ≤ θ < 2π .

π
a) Express f (θ ) in the form R cos (θ − α ) , R > 0 , 0 < α < .
2

b) Find the solutions of the trigonometric equation

3 + sin 2θ = 3 cos 2θ + 2sin θ , 0 ≤ θ < 2π ,

giving the answers in radians in terms of π .

2π
θ = 0, ,π
3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 161 (****)

It is given that

 P +Q   P −Q 
cos P − cos Q ≡ −2sin   sin  .
 2   2 

a) Prove the validity of the above trigonometric identity by using the compound
angle identities for cos ( A + B ) and cos ( A − B ) .

b) Hence, or otherwise, solve the trigonometric equation

π
cos 6 x + sin 4 x = cos 2 x , 0 ≤ x ≤ ,
2

giving the answers in terms of π .

π π 5π π
x = 0, , , ,
12 4 12 2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 162 (****)

Solve each of the following trigonometric equations.

sec2 x + 8
i. = 3tan x , 0 ≤ x < 2π , tan x ≠ 4 .
4 − tan x

ii. cos 2θ = sin θ , 0 ≤ θ < 360° .

C3K , x ≈ 0.983c , 4.12c , θ = 30°, 150°, 270°

Question 163 (****)

Solve the following trigonometric equation

3
tan ( arctan 3x − arctan 2 ) + tan ( arctan 3 − arctan 2 x ) = .
8

SYN-F , x = 1
2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 164 (****)

It is given that
cos ( A + B ) ≡ cos A cos B − sin A sin B
cos ( A − B ) ≡ cos A cos B + sin A sin B

a) Use the above trigonometric identities show that

cos ( A + B ) + cos ( A − B ) ≡ 2 cos A cos B .

b) Hence show further that

 P+Q   P −Q 
cos P + cos Q ≡ 2cos   cos  .
 2   2 

It is further given that

 P+Q  P −Q 
sin P + sin Q ≡ 2sin   cos  .
 2   2 

c) Show clearly that

cos 2 x + cos 2 y
≡ cot ( x + y ) .
sin 2 x + sin 2 y

d) Use the above results to show that

cot ( 52.5° ) = 6 + 3 − 2 − 2

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 165 (****)

Solve the trigonometric equation

π
ln ( cosecθ ) = ln 4 − ln ( secθ ) , 0 <θ < ,
2

giving the answers in terms of π .

π 5π
θ= ,
12 12

Question 166 (****)

Solve the trigonometric equation

π 1 π
sin θ cos = − cosθ sin , 2π < θ < 4π ,
5 2 5

giving the answers in terms of π .

79π 119π
MP2-F , θ = ,
30 30

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 167 (****) non calculator

x 45°

30° θ
A C
2 3

The figure above shows a triangle ABC where AC = 2 3 and AB = x .

The angles ABC , CAB and BCA are 45° , 30° and θ ° , respectively.

a) By using a suitable compound angle identity show clearly that

6+ 2
sin105° = .
4

b) Show without the use of a calculating aid that the exact length of AB , is

3+ 3 .

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 168 (****)

f (θ ) = 2cos θ + 3sin θ , θ ∈  .

π
a) Express f (θ ) in the form R cos (θ − α ) , R > 0 , 0 < α < .
2
Give the value of α correct to 3 decimal places.

b) State the maximum value of f (θ ) and find the smallest positive value of θ for
which this maximum occurs.

The temperature T °C in a warehouse is modelled by the equation

 πt   πt 
T = 16 + 2cos   + 3sin   , 0 ≤ t < 24 ,
 12   12 

where t is the time in hours measured since midnight.

c) State the maximum temperature in the warehouse and a value of t when this
maximum temperature occurs.

d) Find the times, to the nearest minute using 24 hour clock notation, when the
temperature in the warehouse is 17 °C .

( )
SYN-G , 2cos θ + 3sin θ ≡ 13 cos θ − 0.983c , max = 13 , θ = 0.983c ,

Tmax ≈ 19.6 , tmax = 3.75 , 08 : 41/ 22 : 50

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 169 (****)

It is given that

 P+Q  P −Q 
sin P + sin Q ≡ 2sin   cos  .
 2   2 

a) Prove the validity of the above trigonometric identity by using the compound
angle identities for sin ( A + B ) and sin ( A − B ) .

b) Hence, or otherwise, solve the equation

sin θ + sin 2θ + sin 3θ = 0 , 0 ≤ θ < π ,

giving the answers in terms of π .

π 2π
θ = 0, ,
2 3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 170 (****)

Given that

64cos 2θ cos θ + 32sin 2θ sin θ = 27 ,

find the value of cos θ .

MP2-G , cos θ = 3
4

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 171 (****)

f ( x ) = 2sin x + 2cos x , x ∈  .

π
a) Express f ( x ) in the form R sin ( x + α ) , R > 0 , 0 < α < .
2

b) State the minimum and the maximum value of …

 π
i. … y = f  x −  .
 2

ii. … y = 2 f ( x ) + 1 .

2
iii. … y =  f ( x )  .

10
iv. … y = .
f ( x) + 3 2

 π
C3K , y = 8 sin  θ +  ,  − 8, 8  ,  −2 8 + 1, 2 8 + 1 , [0,8] ,
 4
 2,5 2 
 

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 172 (****)

It is given that θ and ϕ are such so that

tan θ = t and tan ϕ = t − 1 ,

where t is a constant.

It is further given that

1 1
− = 3.
cos 2 θ cos 2 ϕ

a) Show clearly that t = 2 .

b) Determine the exact value of tan (θ + ϕ ) , showing clearly all the steps in the
workings.

MP2-H , tan (θ + ϕ ) = −3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 173 (****)

π
sin 2 x + cos 2 x = 1 + sin x , 0 < x < .
2

a) Show that the above trigonometric equation can be written as

cos x − sin x = 1 .
2

 π
b) Express cos  x +  in the form R ( A cos x + B sin x ) , where R , A and B are
 4
constants to be found.

c) Use the results of part (a) and (b) to solve the trigonometric equation

π
sin 2 x + cos 2 x = 1 + sin x , 0 < x < .
2

2
R= , A = 1 , B = −1
2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 174 (****)

f ( x ) = sin 2 x , x ∈ 

 π  π
g ( x) = f  x +  − f  x − , x∈.
 4  4

a) Show clearly that

g ( x ) = 2 cos 2 x .

b) Express g ′ ( x ) in terms of f ( x ) .

MP2-I , g ′ ( x ) = −4 f ( x )

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 175 (****)

Solve the trigonometric equation

secθ − cos θ = 8 ( cosecθ − sin θ ) , 0 ≤ θ < 360° .

θ ≈ 63.4°, 243.6°

Question 176 (****)

It is given that

sin 3θ ≡ 3sin θ − 4sin 3 θ .

a) Prove the validity of the above trigonometric identity by writing 3θ as 2θ + θ .

b) Hence solve the trigonometric equation

12sin 3 θ − 9sin θ = 1.5 , 0 ≤ θ < 360° .

θ = 70°, 110°, 190°, 230°, 310°, 350°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 177 (****)

Solve the trigonometric equation

cotψ cosψ
− = 2, 0 < ψ < 2π ,
cosecψ − 1 1 + sinψ

giving the answers in terms of π .

π 5π
ψ= ,
4 4

Question 178 (****)

Solve each of the following trigonometric equations.

2cot 2 x + 5
i. + 2cosec x = 13 , 0 ≤ x < 2π .
cosec x

ii. 2 cos 2θ = 1 − 2sin θ , 0 ≤ θ < 360° .

x ≈ 0.340c , 2.80c , θ = 54°, 126°, 198°, 342°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 179 (****)

Solve the following trigonometric equation

1  1  π
arctan   + arctan  = .
 x  x +1 4

SYN-H , x = −1, 2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 180 (****)

Solve the following trigonometric equation

3  6x 
2arctan   = arcsin   .
x  25 

MP2-V , x = ±4

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 181 (****)

y y

y1 = arcsin x B y2 = arccos x
C
O
D
x

A O E x

The figures above show the graph of y1 = arcsin x and the graph of y2 = arccos x .

The graph of y1 has endpoints at A and B .

The graph of y2 has endpoints at C and E , and D is the point where the graph of y2
crosses the y axis .

a) State the coordinates of A , B , C , D and E .

The graph of y2 can be obtained from the graph of y1 by a series of two geometric
transformations which can be carried out in a specific order.

b) Describe these two geometric transformations.

c) Deduce using valid arguments that

arcsin x + arccos x = constant ,

stating the exact value of this constant.

 π  π  π π
A  −1,  , B 1,  , C ( −1, π ) , D  0,  , E (1, 0 ) , constant =
 2  2  2 2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 182 (****)

It is given that

sin ( A + B ) ≡ sin A cos B + cos A sin B .

a) Use the above trigonometric identity to show that

sin 3 x ≡ 3sin x − 4sin 3 x .

b) Hence find


2
cos x ( 6sin x − 2sin 3x ) 3 dx .

SYN-E , 4 sin 3 x + C
3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 183 (****)

f ( x ) = A sec 2 x + B , 0 ≤ x < 2π .

The graph of f ( x ) , where A and B are non zero constants, passes through the points
π 
 , −7  and (π ,1) .
2 

a) Determine the value of A and the value of B .

b) Solve the equation

 3π 
f x+ =5.
 2 

π 2π 4π 5π
MP2-J , A = 4 , B = −3 , x = , , ,
3 3 3 3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 184 (****)

π
It is given that the angles θ , and ϕ are in arithmetic progression.
4

Show that

( sin θ − sin ϕ )2 + ( cosθ + cos ϕ )2 = k ,

where k is a constant to be found.

SYN-A , k = 2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 185 (****)

It is given that

 π  π
cos x cos  x +  − cos  2 x −  = 0 .
 4  4

Given further that x ≠ kπ , k ∈
, show clearly that tan x = 3

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 186 (****)

y = arcsin x , −1 ≤ x ≤ 1 .

a) By expressing arccos x in terms of y , show that

π
arcsin x + arccos x = .
2

b) Hence, or otherwise, solve the equation

3arcsin ( x − 1) = 2 arccos ( x − 1) .

π 
MP2-K , x = 1 + sin   ≈ 1.5878
5

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 187 (****)

Simplify, showing clearly all the workings, the trigonometric expression

cos3 θ sin θ − sin 3 θ cos θ ,

giving the final answer in the form A sin kθ , where A and k are constants.

SYN-I , 1 sin 4θ
4

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 188 (****)

y
( 0, 4 )
f ( x ) = a + cos bx

x
O 2π

The figure above shows the graph of the function

f ( x ) = a + cos bx , 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π ,

where a and b are non zero constants.

The stationary points ( 0, 4 ) and ( 2π , 2 ) are the endpoints of the graph.

a) State the range of f ( x ) and hence find the value of a and the value of b .

b) Find an expression for f −1 ( x ) , the inverse function of f ( x ) .

c) State the domain and range of f −1 ( x ) .

(
d) Find the gradient at the point on f ( x ) with coordinates 4π , 5 .
3 2 )
(
e) State the gradient at the point on f −1 ( x ) with coordinates 5 , 4π .
2 3 )
C3Z , 2 ≤ f ( x ) ≤ 4 , a = 3, b = 1 , f −1 ( x ) = 2arccos ( x − 3) , 2 ≤ x ≤ 4 ,
2

0 ≤ f −1 ( x ) ≤ 2π , − 3 , − 4
4 3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 189 (****)

Solve the following trigonometric equation.

arctan 2 x + arctan x = arctan 3 , x∈ .

SP-F , x = 1
2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 190 (****)

The function f is defined below.

( )
f ( x ) ≡ 4cos x − 3sin 12 x , x ∈  .

Show that if θ satisfies the equation

( )
4sin 12 θ + 3 = 0 ,

( )
then f (θ ) = 1 a + b 3 , where a and b are integers to be found.
4

(
MP2-U , 1 10 + 3 3
4 )

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 191 (****)

The obtuse angles A and A , satisfy the following relationships.

cos 2 A = sin B = 1 .
3

Determine the exact value of tan ( A + B ) .

MP2-M , tan ( A + B ) = − 2

Question 192 (****)

Simplify ( tan x + cot x ) sin 2 x and hence prove that

( ) ( ) ( )
tan 1 π + tan 5 π + cot 1 π + cot 5 π
8 12 8 12 ( ) = 4+2 2 .

SYN-S , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

99
HARD QUESTIONS

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 1 (****+)
Find the solutions of the trigonometric equation

6 + 13sin ( 2θ + α ) ° = 5cos 2θ ° , 0 ≤ θ < 360

5
where tan α ° = , 0 < α < 90 .
12

MP2-L , θ = 105°, 165°, 285°, 345°

Question 2 (****+)
It is given that sin1c ≈ 0.8415 and cos1c ≈ 0.5403 .

( )
Show that sin 1.01c = 0.847 , correct to three decimal places.

SYN-U , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 3 (****+)
It is given that θ satisfies the equation

4 tan θ + cot θ = 4 .

Show clearly that

cos 2θ = 3 .
5

proof

Question 4 (****+)
Find in radians, correct to two decimal places, the solutions of the trigonometric
equation

sec 2 x − 3 tan 2 x = 2 , 0 ≤ x < 2π .

x ≈ 1.14c , 2.99c , 4.28c , 6.13c

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 5 (****+)
Solve in radians the trigonometric equation

π
sin 8 x = sin 2 x , 0 ≤ x < ,
2

giving the answers in terms of π .

π 3π π π
x = 0, ,, ,
10 10 3 2

Question 6 (****+)
Solve in degrees the trigonometric equation

sin 5θ + sin 3θ = 0 , 0° ≤ θ < 180° .

θ = 0°, 45°, 90°, 135°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 7 (****+)
Solve the following trigonometric equation

cos 2 x
= 1 − 2 tan x , 0 ≤ x < 2π ,
1 + cos 2 x

giving the answers in terms of π .

π 5π 13π 17π
SYN-A , x = ,, ,
12 12 12 12

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 8 (****+)
Solve in degrees the trigonometric equation

4 tan (θ + 60 ) tan (θ − 60 ) = sec 2 θ − 16 , 0° ≤ θ < 180° .

SYN-J , θ = 15°, 75°, 105°, 165°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 9 (****+)
Prove the validity of each of the following trigonometric identities.

a) ( tan θ + cot θ )( sin θ + cot θ ) ≡ secθ + cosecθ .

 π
b) tan  θ +  ≡ sec 2θ + tan 2θ .
 4

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 10 (****+)

 1   1   31 
2arctan   + arctan   = arctan   .
 x − 3  x + 2 17 

Show that x = 5 is one of the solutions of the above trigonometric equation and find, in
exact surd form, the other two solutions.

10 ± 5 190
x=
31

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 11 (****+) Non Calculator

A triangle, ABC has AB = 2 3 cm , BAC = 45° and ACB = 60° .

Determine, in exact simplified surd form, the area of this triangle

SPX-B , area = 3 + 3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 12 (****+)
It is given that

 π  π
sin 2  θ +  − sin 2  θ −  ≡ sin 2θ .
 4  4

a) Prove the validity of the above trigonometric identity.

b) Hence, or otherwise, show that …

 π  π  π  π
i. … sin  θ +  cos  θ +  − sin  θ −  cos  θ −  ≡ cos 2θ .
 4  4  4  4

 5π   5π  π  π  1
ii. … sin   cos   + sin   cos   = .
 12   12   12   12  2

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 13 (****+)
Solve the trigonometric equation

( 3sin x + 5cos x )2 = 4cos2 x , for 0 ≤ x < 2π ,

giving the answers correct to three significant figures.

x ≈ 1.98c , 2.36c , 5.12c , 5.50c

Question 14 (****+)
Solve the following trigonometric equation

tan x + cot x = 8cos 2 x , 0≤ x <π ,

where x is measured in radians.

SYN-T , x = 1 π , 5 π , 13 π , 17 π
24 24 24 24

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 15 (****+)
The figure below shows a regular octagon P1 . A circle C is inscribed inside P1 and
another regular octagon P2 is inscribed inside the circle C .

The three objects have a common centre at O .

P1
C
P2
O

The circle C has a radius of 1 unit. The points A and B are consecutive vertices of P1 ,
and the points M and N are consecutive vertices of P2 .

A B N
M

P1 P2

O O

a) By considering the triangle OAB , show that the perimeter of the octagon P1 is
π
16 tan .
8

b) Use the triangle OMN in a similar fashion to show that the perimeter of the
π
octagon P2 is 16sin .
8

[continues overleaf]

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

[continues from previous page]

c) Use a standard identity for cos 2θ to show that

π 1
sin = 2− 2 .
8 2

d) Show further that

π
tan = −1 + 2 .
8

e) Deduce from the results obtained so far that

3.06 < π < 3.31 .

SYN-L , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 16 (****+)
Solve the following trigonometric equation

cot x cosec x − 1
+ =4, 0° ≤ x < 360° .
cosec x − 1 cot x

x = 60°, 300°

Question 17 (****+)

f ( x ) = ln(1 + sin x) , sin x ≠ ±1 .

Show clearly that

f ( x ) − f ( − x ) = 2ln ( sec x + tan x ) .

SYN-M , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 18 (****+)
It is given that

cos 3 x ≡ 4cos3 x − 3cos x .

a) Prove the validity of the above trigonometric identity.

b) By differentiating both sides of the above identity with respect to x , show that

sin 3 x ≡ 3sin x − 4sin 3 x .

proof

Question 19 (****+)
Prove the validity of each of the following trigonometric identities.

cos 2 x − cos x + 1
a) ≡ cot x .
sin 2 x − sin x

b) 2 cos 4 θ + 1 sin 2 2θ − 1 ≡ cos 2θ .

2

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 20 (****+)
It is given that

tan x sec x − 1 nπ
− ≡ 2 cot x , θ ≠ , n∈
.
sec x − 1 tan x 2

a) Prove the validity of the above trigonometric identity.

b) Hence solve the trigonometric equation

tan 3θ sec3θ − 1 2
− = , 0 ≤θ <π ,
sec3θ − 1 tan 3θ 3

giving the answers in terms of π .

π 4π 7π
x= , ,
9 9 9

Question 21 (****+)
Prove the validity of the following trigonometric identity.

1 + cos θ 2
≡ ( cosecθ + cot θ ) .
1 − cos θ

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 22 (****+)
It is given that

sin 3θ ≡ 3sin θ − 4sin 3 θ .

a) Prove the validity of the above trigonometric identity.

b) State the maximum value of

f ( x ) = 6sin ( 5 x ) − 8sin 3 ( 5 x ) , x ∈  ,

and determine, in degrees, the smallest positive value of x which produces this
maximum value.

f max ( x ) = 2 , x = 6°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 23 (****+)
The obtuse angles θ and ϕ satisfy the equation

sin 6θ ° + cos 4ϕ ° = −2 .

Find the possible values of θ and ϕ .

SYN-N , (θ , ϕ ) = (105°,135° ) ∪ (165°,135° )

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 24 (****+)
It is given that

tan A + tan B
tan ( A + B ) ≡ .
1 − tan A tan B

a) Prove the validity of the above trigonometric identity by using the compound
angle formulae for sin ( A + B ) and cos ( A + B ) .

 π
a) Deduce an exact simplified expression for tan  θ −  , in terms of tan θ .
 3

b) Solve, for 0 ≤ θ < 2π , the trigonometric equation

( )
tan θ − 3 = 1 + 3 tan θ tan ( 2π − θ ) ,

giving the answers in terms of π .

 π  tan θ − 3 π 2π 7π 5π
tan  θ −  = , θ= , , ,
 3  1 + 3 tan θ 6 3 6 3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 25 (****+)
Solve the following trigonometric equation

tan 4 x − tan 2 x = 0 , 0° ≤ x < 360° .

MP2-N , x = 0°, 90°, 180°, 270°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 26 (****+)
It is given that

cos 3θ ≡ 4 cos3 θ − 3cos θ .

a) Prove the validity of the above trigonometric identity.

b) Hence solve in degrees the trigonometric equation

2 + cos 6 x sec 2 x = 0 , 0° ≤ x < 180° .

x = 30°, 60°, 120°, 150°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 27 (****+)

120°
D h
B

A θ F E

The figure above shows a rigid rod ABC where AB is 6 metres, BC is 4 metres and
the angle ABC is 120° . The rod is hinged at A so it can be rotated in a vertical plane
forming an angle θ ° with the horizontal ground.

Let h metres be the height of the point C from the horizontal ground.

a) Show clearly that …

i. … DBC = θ ° + 60° .

ii. … h = 8sin θ + 2 3 cos θ .

b) By expressing h in the form R cos (θ − α ) , where R > 0 and 0 < α < 90° , find
to the nearest degree, the values of θ when h = 6 .

C3N , θ ≈ 20°, 113°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 28 (****+)
By considering the expansion of tan ( 2 A + A ) , show clearly that

3tan A − tan 3 A
tan 3 A ≡ .
1 − 3tan 2 A

proof

Question 29 (****+)
Show clearly that

tan 2 x
2 2
≡ sin 4 x .
tan x + 2 + cot x

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 30 (****+)
It is given that

cos 3θ ≡ 4 cos3 θ − 3cos θ .

a) Prove the validity of the above trigonometric identity.

b) Hence, or otherwise, prove that

cos 6θ ≡ 32cos6 θ − 48cos 4 θ + 18cos 2 θ − 1 .

proof

Question 31 (****+)
Prove the validity of each of the following trigonometric identities.

a) sin 2 ( x + y ) − sin 2 ( x − y ) ≡ sin 2 x sin 2 y .

cot 2θ + cos 2θ 2
b) ≡ ( cos θ + sin θ ) .
cot 2θ

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 32 (****+)
Show clearly that

 π  sin 2θ − 1
tan  θ −  ≡ .
 4 cos 2θ

proof

Question 33 (****+)
It is given that

cos 3 x ≡ 4cos3 x − 3cos x .

a) Prove the validity of the above trigonometric identity.

b) Hence, or otherwise solve the trigonometric equation

2 + cos 6θ sec 2θ = 0 , 0° ≤ θ < 360° .

MP2-O , θ = 30°, 60°, 120°, 150°, 210°, 240°, 300°, 330°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 34 (****+)
It is given that

( cos x + sin x )(1 − sin x cos x ) ≡ cos3 x + sin 3 x .

a) Prove the validity of the above trigonometric identity.

b) Hence find, in terms of π , the solutions of the trigonometric equation

cos3 x + sin 3 x 3
= , 0≤ x <π ,
cos x + sin x 4

giving the answers in terms of π .

π 5π
x= ,
12 12

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 35 (****+)
It is given that

cos( x + 36)° = sin ( x − 54 ) ° .

a) Show clearly without a calculating aid that the above trigonometric equation is
equivalent to

tan x° = tan 54° .

b) Hence solve the trigonometric equation

cos(3 y + 36)° = sin ( 3 y − 54 ) ° , 0 ≤ y < 180 .

y = 18, 78, 138

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 36 (****+)
Solve the trigonometric equation

sin 3 x = cos 2 x + sin x , for 0 ≤ θ < π ,

giving the answers in terms of π .

π π 3π 5π
x= , , ,
6 4 4 6

Question 37 (****+)
Solve the trigonometric equation

2sin 2 x tan x + 4sec 2 x + 5 = 0 , 0° ≤ x < 360° .

x = 60°, 120°, 240°, 300°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 38 (****+)
It is given that

tan θ + tan ϕ = 3 ,

sin 2 x + 2sin x + sin (θ + ϕ ) = 3cos θ cos ϕ − 1 ,

for x ∈  , θ ∈  , ϕ ∈  .

Show that the above relationships imply that

sin x = −1 .

MP2-P , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 39 (****+)
A geometric progression has first term sin θ and common ratio cos θ .

a) Given the value of θ is such so that the progression converges, show that its
sum to infinity is cot θ .
2

A different geometric progression has first term cos θ and common ratio sin θ .

b) Given the value of θ is such so that this progression also converges, show that
its sum to infinity is secθ + tan θ .

SYN-R , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 40 (****+)
Is given that

• cos 2 x + sin 2 x ≡ 1 .

• cosec15° = 6 + 2 .

Use these facts only to show that

a) 1 + cot 2 x ≡ cosec 2 x .

b) cot15° = 2 + 3 .

proof

Question 41 (****+)
Prove the validity of each of the following trigonometric identities.

a) 1 + sin 2θ ≡ cos θ + sin θ .

( )
b) 8cos 4 1 θ = cos 2θ + 4cos θ + 3 .
2

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 42 (****+)
A relationship between x and y is given by the equations

x = sin 2θ , 0 < θ < π ,

y = cot θ , 0 < θ < π .

Use trigonometric identities to show that

y ( 2 − xy ) = x .

proof

Question 43 (****+)
Show clearly that

 1− x  π
arctan x + arctan  = .
 1+ x  4

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 44 (****+)
It is given that

2 tan x x
≡ sec 2   , x ≠ nπ , n ∈
.
tan x + sin x 2

a) Prove the validity of the above trigonometric identity.

b) Hence solve the trigonometric equation

2 tan x
= 4 , 0 ≤ x < 360° .
tan x + sin x

x = 120°, 240°

Question 45 (****+)
Prove the validity of the following trigonometric identity

sin x cos x
≡ .
1 + tan x 1 + cot x

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 46 (****+)
x
Let t = tan .
2

a) Show clearly that …

2t
i. … sin x = ,
1+ t2

1− t2
ii. … cos x = .
1+ t2

b) Use these results to solve the trigonometric equation

5sin x + 4cos x = 3 , 0° ≤ x < 360° .

x ≈ 113.4°, 349.3°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 47 (****+)
It is given that for θ ∈  , ϕ ∈ 

3tan θ = 4 tan ϕ .

Show that the above relationship implies that

sin 2θ
tan (θ − ϕ ) = .
7 + cos 2θ

MP2-Q , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 48 (****+)

f ( x)

x
O

The figure above shows part of the graph of the curve with equation

cos x
f ( x) = , x∈.
3 − sin x

Use differentiation to show that

− 1 2 ≤ f ( x) ≤ 1 2 .
4 4

MP2-A , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 49 (****+)
It is given that

3tan x − tan 3 x nπ
tan 3x ≡ 2
, x≠ , n = 0,1, 2,3,...
1 − 3tan x 3

a) Use the above identity to express cot 3 x in terms of cot x .

b) Show clearly that

cos 2 x − cos x + 1
≡ cot x , cos x ≠ 1 .
sin 2 x − sin x 2

a) Hence, or otherwise, given that cos 3 x ≠ 1 solve the trigonometric equation

2

cos 6 x + sin 6 x − cos 3 x − sin 3 x + 1 = 0 ,

for 0 < x < π , giving the answers in terms of π .

π 7π 11π
SYN-P , x = ,
,
4 12 12

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 50 (****+)

sin 3 x cos3 x nπ
f ( x) = + , x∈, x ≠ , n∈
.
cos x sin x 2

a) Show clearly that

f ( x ) ≡ 2cot 2 x .

b) Solve the trigonometric equation

1 f ( x ) + 1 = tan x , 0 ≤ x < 2π .
4

SYN-Q , x = 0.785c , 2.94c , 3.93c , 6.09c

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 51 (****+)
Solve the trigonometric equation

3 ( sec x − tan x ) = 1 , 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π ,

giving the answers in terms of π .

π
x=
6

Question 52 (****+)
Prove the validity of the following trigonometric identity

cot 2 x − tan 2 x ≡ 4cot 2 x cosec 2 x .

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 53 (****+)
x
Let t = tan .
2

a) Show clearly that …

2t
i. … sin x = ,
1+ t2

1− t2
ii. … cos x = .
1+ t2

b) Use these results to solve the trigonometric equation

2sin x + 3cos x = 1 , 0 ≤ x < 2π .

x ≈ 1.88c , 5.58c

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 54 (****+)

π π
f ( x ) = sec x , 0≤ x< ∪ < x ≤π .
2 2

a) Sketch in the same diagram the graphs of f ( x ) and f −1 ( x ) = arcsec x .

b) State the domain and range of f −1 ( x ) = arcsec x .

c) Show clearly that arcsec x = arccos 1x . ( )

d 1
d) Show further that ( arcsec x ) = .
dx 4
x −x 2

π
SYN-R , domain: x ≤ −1 ∪ x ≥ 1 , range: 0 ≤ f −1 ( x ) ≤ π , f −1 ( x ) ≠
2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 55 (****+)
It is given that

sin 3θ ≡ 3sin θ − 4sin 3 θ .

a) Prove the validity of the above trigonometric identity.

b) By differentiating both sides of the above identity with respect to θ , show that

cos 3θ ≡ 4 cos3 θ − 3cos θ .

c) Hence show that

3tan θ sec 2 θ − 4 tan 3 θ

tan 3θ ≡ .
4 − 3sec2 θ

d) Deduce that

3tan θ − tan 3 θ
tan 3θ ≡ .
1 − 3tan 2 θ

SYN-R , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 56 (****+)
Prove the validity of the trigonometric identity

1 + sin θ 2
≡ ( secθ + tan θ ) .
1 − sin θ

proof

Question 57 (****+)
Solve the following trigonometric equation.

 x−5  x−4 π
arctan   + arctan   = , x∈.
 x −1   x −3 4

x=3 ∪ x=6

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 58 (****+)
Given that

( )
sec2 x − 1 + 3 tan x + 3 = 1 ,

show that either tan x = 1 or tan x = 3 .

Detailed workings must be shown in this question.

MP2-V , proof

Question 59 (****+)
It is given that

u = sin 2θ , v = cot θ .

Use trigonometric identities to find a simplified expression for u 2 in terms of v .

2v
u2 =
v2 + 1

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 60 (****+)
The diagram below shows a right angled triangle OBC where OC = x and the point A
on OB so that OA = 8 , AB = 4 .

The angles OAC , OBC and ACB are denoted by θ , ϕ and ψ respectively.

B
ϕ
4
A
θ

8 ψ

C
O x

By considering a relationship between the angles θ , ϕ and ψ , show that

4x
tanψ = .
96 + x 2

MP2-W , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 61 (****+)
Solve the trigonometric equation

2 π
sin x cos x cos 2 x cos 4 x = , 0≤ x≤ ,
16 2

giving the answers in terms of π .

π 3π 9π 11π
MP2-X , x = , , ,
32 32 32 32

Question 62 (****+)
Solve the trigonometric equation

4
= cot ϕ , 0 < ϕ < 2π , ϕ ≠ π ,
2sec ϕ − 2sin ϕ + 1

giving the answers in terms of π .

π 5π
ϕ= ,
6 6

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 63 (****+)
Solve the trigonometric equation

tan θ (1 + cos 2θ ) = 2sin 2 2θ , 0 ≤ θ ≤ 90° .

θ = 0°,15°,75°,90°

Question 64 (****+)
Solve the trigonometric equation

arcsin x + arccos 3 = 2arctan 3 .

5 4

SYN-T , x = 44
125

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 65 (****+)
It is given that

cot x cos x
− ≡ 2 tan x , x ≠ 180°n, n ∈
.
cosec x − 1 1 + sin x

a) Prove the validity of the above trigonometric identity.

b) Hence solve the trigonometric equation

cot 3θ cos3θ
− = 2 tan θ , 0 ≤ θ < 2π ,
cosec3θ − 1 1 + sin 3θ

giving the answers in terms of π .

π 3π
θ = 0, , π ,
2 2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 66 (****+)
Prove the validity of the following trigonometric identities.

tan 2 x 1
i. ≡ sec2 x .
tan 2 x + sin 2 x 2

tan ϕ
ii. ≡ cosec ϕ .
(1 − cos ϕ )(1 + sec ϕ )

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 67 (****+)

 π
f ( x ) = 2 + sec  x −  , x ∈  , 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π .
 3

a) Solve the equation f ( x ) = 0 .

b) Sketch the graph of f ( x ) .

The sketch must include the coordinates of any stationary points, the coordinates
of any x or y intercepts and equations of the vertical asymptotes.

5π
MP2-U , x = π ,
3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 68 (****+)

2m

B
D h
120°
1m

A θ° F E

The figure above shows a rigid rod ABC where AB is 1 metre, BC is 2 metres and
the angle ABC is 120° . The rod is hinged at A so it can be rotated in a vertical plane
forming an angle θ ° with the horizontal ground.

Let h metres be the height of the point C from the horizontal ground.

a) Show that …

i. … DBC = θ ° − 60° .

ii. … h = 2sin θ − 3 cos θ .

3
iii. … when AC is horizontal, tan θ = .
2

b) By expressing h in the form R sin (θ − α ) , where R > 0 and 0 < α < 90° , find
the maximum value of h and the value of θ when h takes this maximum value.

C3R , hmax = 7 , θ ≈ 130.9°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 69 (****+)
Solve the trigonometric equation

2sin y + 3sec y = 6 + tan y , 0 ≤ y < 2π ,

giving the answers in terms of π .

π 5π
y= ,
3 3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 70 (****+)

π
f ( x ) = sec 2 x , x ∈  , x ≠ ( 2n + 1) , n∈.
2

Show that if

1  π
f ( x) = f x+ ,
2  4

then either sin x = 0 or tan x = 2 .

MP2-S , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 71 (****+)

y y
y = tan x
y = cot x

O x O x

x=a

The diagrams above shows part of the graphs of y = tan x and y = cot x .

a) Sketch the graph of y1 = − tan ( − x ) and hence write a simplified expression for
y1 in terms of tan x .

The graph of cot x has vertical asymptotes and the equation of one of them is labelled
in the diagram as x = a .

b) State the value of a .

The graph of cot x can be obtained from the graph of tan x by a series of two geometric
transformations which can be carried out in any order.

c) Describe the two geometric transformations.

d) Deduce using valid arguments that

π 
cot x = tan  − x  .
2 

π
a = π , reflection in the x axis/translation to the "right" by units
2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 72 (****+)

1
h

π θ
6
A x D y C

π
The figure above shows a triangle ABC , where BAC = , BCA = θ and BC = 1 .
6

The straight line segment BD , labelled as h , is perpendicular to AC .

Let AD = x and DC = y .

a) By expressing h in terms of θ , and x in terms of h , show that

x + y = 3 sin θ + cos θ ,

and hence deduce that the area of the triangle ABC is given by

 π
sin θ sin  θ +  .
 6

b) By using the trigonometric identities for

  π    π 
cos θ +  θ +   and cos θ −  θ +   ,
  6    6 

write a simplified expression for the area of the triangle ABC .

[continues overleaf]

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

[continued from overleaf]

The value of θ can vary.

c) By using part (b), deduce that the maximum value of the area of the triangle
ABC is

1
4
(2+ 3 )
5π
and this maximum value occurs when θ = .
12

 π 3 1  π
SYN-C , sin θ sin  θ +  = − cos  2θ + 
 6 4 2  6

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 73 (****+)
The height of tide, h meters, in a harbour on a certain day can be modelled by

h ( t ) = 10 + 3 sin ( 30t ) ° + cos ( 30t ) ° , 0 ≤ t ≤ 12 ,

where t is the time in hours since midnight.

a) Find the time when the high tide and the low tide occur during the morning
hours of that day and state the corresponding depth of water in the harbour at
these times.

The depth of water in this harbour needs to be at least 8.5 metres for a boat to dock

A boat arrives outside the harbour at high tide and needs five hours to unload.

b) Show that the boat has to wait until 09 : 23 to enter the harbour.

SYN-U , high tide of 12 metres at 02:00 , low tide of 8 metres at 08:00

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 74 (****+)

E D
6 cm
A
θ°
6 cm C
Q
8 cm 8 cm
B

The figure above shows an irregular pentagon ABCDE . The lengths of AB , BC and
AE are 14 cm , 8 cm and 6 cm respectively.

The point Q lies on AB so that AQ is 6 cm and QB is 8 cm . The point D is then

constructed so that QEDC is a rectangle.

Let the angle AQE be θ ° and assume that θ ° can vary.

a) Given that P cm and R cm 2 are the perimeter and the area of the pentagon
respectively, show that …

i. … P = 28 + 12cos θ + 16sin θ .

ii. … R = 146sin 2θ .

b) Hence show that when the pentagon has a maximum area

(
P = 14 2 + 2 cm 2 .)
SYN-Z , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 75 (****+)
x
Let t = tan   .
2

a) Show that …

2t
i. … sin x = ,
1+ t2

1− t2
ii. … cos x = .
1+ t2

b) Use these results to solve the trigonometric equation

5sin x − 5cos x = 1 , 0 ≤ x < 2π .

x = 3.79c , 0.927c

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 76 (****+)
The functions f and g are defined by

π π
f ( x ) ≡ 3sin x , x ∈  , − ≤x≤
2 2

g ( x ) ≡ 6 − 3x 2 , x ∈  .

a) Find an expression for f −1g ( x ) .

b) Determine the domain of f −1g ( x ) .

( )
SP-C , f −1 g ( x ) = arcsin 2 − x 2 , − 3 ≤ x ≤ −1 or 1 ≤ x ≤ 3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 77 (****+)
Find the solution of the equation

1− x  1
arctan   = arctan x .
 1+ x  2

SP-C , x = 3
3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 78 (****+)

1 sin 4 x + 1 cos 4 x = 1 .
2 3 5

Show that the above trigonometric equation is equivalent to

tan 2 x = 2 .
3

SP-D , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 79 (****+)
A relationship is defined as

π
x = sin 2 θ , 0 ≤ θ < .
4

π
y = tan 2θ , 0 ≤ θ < .
4

Use trigonometric identities to show that

4 x (1 − x )
y2 = .
(1 − 2 x )2

proof

Question 80 (****+)
Find the solutions of the trigonometric equation

cos θ + cos 3θ + cos5θ + cos 7θ = 0 ,

for which 0 ≤ θ < 180° .

θ = 22.5°, 45°, 67.5°,90°,112.5°,135°,157.5°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 81 (****+)

sin 3θ ≡ 3sin θ − 4sin 3 θ .

a) Prove the validity of the above trigonometric identity.

b) Hence or otherwise solve the trigonometric equation

1
arcsin x = 3arcsin   .
3

SYN-V , x = 23
27

Question 82 (****+)
Solve the simultaneous equations

arctan x + arctan y = arctan 8

x+ y = 2.

SYN-W , x = 1 , y = 3 , in either order

2 2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 83 (****+)
Solve the trigonometric equation

4 tan 2ψ + 3cotψ sec2 ψ = 0 , 0 ≤ ψ < 2π ,

giving the answers in terms of π .

π 2π 4π 5π
ψ= , , ,
3 3 3 3

Question 84 (****+)
Show clearly that

3  12 
2 arctan   + arctan   = π .
2  5

V , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 85 (****+)
Find, in terms of π , the solutions of the trigonometric equation

cos 2 x + 3cos x − 2cos 2 x − 3 cos x = 1 , 0 ≤ x < 4π .

SP-D , x = 0, 2π

Question 86 (****+)
Solve the trigonometric equation

cos x + cos5 x = 0 , 0 ≤θ <π ,

giving the answers in terms of π .

π π π 3π 5π
x= , , , ,
6 4 2 4 6

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 87 (****+)
Use the substitution t = tan 1 x to show that if
2

6 tan 1 x = 1 + 5sin x ,
2

then the three possible values of tan 1 x are

2

1, − 1 or − 1 .
2 3

SYN-X , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 88 (****+)

y
y = a + sec bx

x
O A B C D

The figure above shows part of the graph of

y = a + sec bx ,

where a and b are positive constants.

The points A , B , C and D are the x intercepts of the graph, with respective
 π   2π   4π   5π 
coordinates  ,0  ,  ,0 ,  , 0  and  , 0  .
3   3   3   3 

Determine the value of a and the value of b .

a=2 , b=2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 89 (****+)
The point A lies on the y axis above the origin O and the point B lies on the y axis
below the origin O .

The point C (12,0 ) is at a distance of 20 units from A and at a distance of 13 units

from B .

By considering the tangent ratios of OCA and OCB , show that the tangent of the
63
angle ACB is exactly .
16

SYN-Y , proof

Question 90 (****+)

( )
By using the substitution t = tan 1 x solve the trigonometric equation
2

( )
3cos x + 4sin x = 3 − tan 1 x , 0 ≤ x < 360° .
2

x = 0°,143.1°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 91 (****+)

sin x − cos x = sin 2 x + cos 2 x − 1 , cos x ≠ 0 ,

Show that the above trigonometric equation is equivalent to

( tan x − 1)( sec x + 2 tan x ) = 0 .

proof

Question 92 (****+)
Solve the trigonometric equation

d
dx
( )
1 − cos 2 x = 1 , 0 ≤ x < 2π .

π 5π
x= ,
4 4

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 93 (****+)
Given that

 x  1 − cos x
2sec 2   − = 5,
2 sin x

find the finite value of tan x .

tan x = − 12
5

Question 94 (****+)

2cot 2 x + tan x + 7 = cosec 2 x , 0 ≤ x < π .

π
Given that x ≠ , find the solutions of the above trigonometric equation, giving the
2
answers in radians correct to two decimal places.

x = 0.32c , 2.68c

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 95 (****+)

1 + cos x
1 − cos x
( )
= 3 + 8 cosec x , 0 ≤ x < 720 .
2

Find the solutions of the above trigonometric equation, giving the answers in degrees.

x = 30°,330°,510°,570°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 96 (****+)
A triangle has vertices at the points with coordinates A ( 3,1) , B ( 7, 4 ) and C (10, −4 ) .

The acute angle θ is defined as the angle formed between AB and the straight line
which is parallel to the y axis and passes through B .

Find the value of tan θ and hence show that tan ( ABC ) = 41 .
12

SYN-F , tan θ = 4
3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 97 (****+)

1
ϕ
θ
A B
E

The figure above shows two right angles triangles ABC and ACD . The angles CAB
and DAC are denoted by θ and ϕ , respectively.

The length of BC is 1.

The point E lies on AB so that the angle AED is 90° .

Show clearly that the length of AE is cot θ − tan ϕ .

SYN-H , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 98 (****+)
It is given that

sin ϕ = k sin θ , k ≠ 0 , k ≠ ±1 .

Show, by a detailed method, that

2
 dϕ 
1+ 
 dθ 
2
( 2
)
 = k − 1 sec ϕ

SP-E , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 99 (****+)

( )
It is given that if x ∈ 0, 1 π , then
2

sin 3 x 1
= .
sin x 2

cos3 x
Determine the exact value of .
cos x

X , −9
16

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

147
ENRICHMENT
QUESTIONS

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 1 (*****)
Use trigonometric algebra to find the solution of the following simultaneous equations,
in the intervals 0 ≤ x < 2π , 0 ≤ y < 2π .

4cos y = 3 − 2sin x and 4 y − 2x = π .

MP2-S , x = 1 π , y = 1 π
6 3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 2 (*****)

9( ) ( ) ( )
C = cos 1 π cos 2 π cos 4 π
9 9

Use the sine double angle identity for sine to show that C = 1 .
8

X , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 3 (*****)
The acute angles x and y , satisfy the following relationships.

7
2 tan x = 1 and sin ( x + y ) = .
50

Determine the possible values of tan y .

 3
MP2-T , tan y = 19
 3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 4 (*****)
Two circles, C1 and C2 , have respective radii of 4 units and 1 unit and are touching
each other externally at the point A .

The coordinates axes are tangents to C1 , whose centre P lies in the first quadrant.

The x axis is a tangent to C2 , whose centre Q also lies in the first quadrant.

The straight line l1 is parallel to the x axis and passes through P .

The straight line l2 has negative gradient and is a common tangent to C1 and C2 ,
touching C1 at the point C .

The acute angle formed by PC and l1 is denoted by ϕ .

7
Show that tan ϕ = .
24

SYN-Z , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 5 (*****)

2a

α
A a θ C

The figure above shows a triangle ABC , where AB = a and AC = 2a .

The angle BAC is α , where tan α = 3 .

4

The side BC is extended to the point D so that the angle ACD is denoted by θ .

Show clearly that θ = arctan 2 .

SP-E , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 6 (*****)
The acute angles θ , ψ and α satisfy the following equations.

4 tan θ = tan α

( 5 + 3cos 2α ) tanψ = 3sin 2α .

Express θ + ψ , in terms of α .

SP-A , θ + ψ = α

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 7 (*****)
The acute angles θ and ϕ satisfy the following equations

2 cos θ = cos ϕ
2sin θ = 3sin ϕ .

Show clearly that

θ + ϕ = π − arctan 15

SP-W , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 8 (*****)
Determine the range of the following function

1
f (θ ) ≡ , θ ∈
sin θ + 3sin θ cos θ + 5cos 2 θ
2

SP-W , 2 ≤ f (θ ) ≤ 2
11

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 9 (*****)
It is given that

( a + 2)sin x + (2a − 1) cos x = 2a + 1 ,

where a is a non zero constant.

( )
Find the exact value of tan 1 x , giving the answer in terms of a , where appropriate.
2

2 ( )
2 ( )
SP-W , tan 1 x = 1 , tan 1 x = 1
2 a

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 10 (*****)
Solve the following trigonometric equation.

cos 4 x° = cos 40° + cos80° , 0° ≤ x ≤ 180° .

SP-G , x = 5°, 85°, 95° 175°

Question 11 (*****)
A right circular cone, of radius r and semi-vertical angle θ , lies with one of its
generators in contact with a horizontal surface.

The cone is then rolled on the horizontal surface with its vertex at rest, so that the
rolling circumference of its base completes a full circle on the surface, while the cone
completes N revolutions about its own axis.

Show that N = cosecθ .

SP-G , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 12 (*****)
Solve the following trigonometric equation.

 7π   5π 
2 3 sin  x +  = 3cosec  x + , 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π .
 12   12 

π 11π 13π 23π

SPX-I , x = ,,
12 12 12 12

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 13 (*****)
Solve the following trigonometric equation.

sin ( 2θ + 58 ) ° + 2sin 2 ( 42° ) = 1 , 0 ≤ θ < 360 .

SPX-K , θ = {58, 154, 238, 334}

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 14 (*****)
Solve the following trigonometric equation

( )
cos arcsin 1 sin ( arccos x ) = 1 ( 4 − x ) , x ∈  .
4 4

SPX-L , x = 1
4

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 15 (*****)
It is given that 0 < x < 1 π and 0 < y < 1 π .
2 2

It is further given that

sin ( x + y ) sin ( x − y ) = 5 and cos x + cos y = 5 .

36 6

1+ n
Show that cos ( x − y ) = , where n is a positive integer to be found.
n

SPX-N , n = 6

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 16 (*****)
A curve in the x -y plane has equation

x 2 + y 2 + 6 x cosθ − 18 y sin θ + 45 = 0 ,

where θ is a parameter such that 0 ≤ θ < 2π .

Given that curve represents a circle determine the range of possible values of θ .

SP-I , { 14 π < θ < 43 π } ∪ { 54 π < θ < 74 π }

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 17 (*****)
Prove the validity of the following trigonometric identity.

1 + tan θ tan 3θ cos 2 2θ

≡ .
1 + tan 2θ tan 3θ cos 2 θ

SP-D , proof

Question 18 (*****)
A surveyor views the top of a building, of height h , at an angle of elevation α .

The surveyor walks a distance a , directly towards the building.

From this new position he views the top of the building at an angle of elevation β .

Show that

a sin α sin β
h= .
sin ( β − α )

SP-V , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 19 (*****)

sin 8 x − cos8 x = 1 − 1 sin 2 2 x .

2

Use trigonometric identities to show that the general solution of the above equation is
x = kπ , k ∈
.

proof

Question 20 (*****)
It is given that x is a solution of the following equation.

sec x + tan x = 5 .
7

Without solving the above equation for x , find the value of cosec x + cot x .

V , SPX-R , −6

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 21 (*****)
The positive solution of the quadratic equation x 2 − x − 1 = 0 is denoted by φ , and is
commonly known as the golden section or golden number.

Solve the equation

( )
x cos 1 arctan 2 = φ , x ∈  .
2

n
Give the answer in the form m , where m and n are positive integers.

V , SPX-U , x = 4 5

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 22 (*****)
Prove that

 1− x  1
arctan   ≡ 2 arccos x .
 1+ x 

V , SPX-V , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 23 (*****)
The functions f and g are defined in the largest possible domain by the equations

f ( x ) = arcsin ( cos x ) and g ( x ) = π 2 − 4 x 2 .

a) Sketch the graphs of f and g on the same set of axes.

b) Use an algebraic method to solve the equation

arcsin ( cos x ) = π 2 − 4 x 2 .

π
x=±
2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 24 (*****) non calculator

It is given that

2 cos θ + sin θ = 1 .

Determine the possible values of

7 cos θ + 6sin θ .

SP-O , 7 cos θ + 6sin θ = 2, 7 cos θ + 6sin θ = 6

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 25 (*****)
The point M is the midpoint of AB , on a triangle ABC .

Given further that

tan [ CAM ] = 2 and tan [ CBM ] = 2 ,

5 3

Use trigonometric identities to find the value of tan [ CMB ] .

SPX-H , tan [ CMB ] = 2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 26 (*****)
Show, with detailed workings, that if sin 2 x = 2 then
3

cos 6 x + sin 6 x

also equals to 2 .
3

V , X , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 27 (*****)
A pole AB , of height h , is standing vertically on level horizontal ground with A on
the circumference of a circle of radius a , centred at the point O .

The point C is another point on the circumference of this circle so that COA = θ and
ACB = θ .

Use a detailed method to show that

h=
( ) ( )
4a sin 1 θ tan 1 θ
2 2 .
( )
1 − tan 2 1
2
θ

SP-Z , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 28 (*****)
A triangle has angles of 36° , 72° and 72° .

By suitably partitioning this triangle and using similar triangles, show that

sin18° + cos36° = 1 5 and sin 2 36° + cos 2 18° = 5

2 4

SPX-Q , − 9
16

Question 329 (*****) non calculator

Solve the trigonometric equation

sin ( y − 30 ) = sin ( y − 45) , 0 ≤ y < 360° .

y = 82.5°, 262.5°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 30 (*****)
cot 2 x − tan 2 x = 8cot 2 x , 0 ≤ x < 180 .

Find the solutions of the above trigonometric equation, giving the answers in degrees.

x = 15°, 45°, 75°,135°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 31 (*****)
Solve the following trigonometric equation for 0 ≤ x < 360°

1 4
tan x sec x + = .
1 + sin x 3

x = 30°, 150°, 210°, 330°

Question 32 (*****) non calculator

Given that α = arctan 1 and β = arctan 9 , find the value of tan ( 3α − β ) .
2 13

tan ( 3α − β ) = 1

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 33 (*****)
It is given that for some value of the constant k

cos 4 x ≡ 1 + k sin 2 x cos 2 x .

a) Determine the value of k .

b) Hence, or otherwise, show clearly that for x ∈ 

− 3 ≤ 4 cos 2 2 x − 3sin 2 x cos 2 x ≤ 4 .

4

SP-X , k = −8

Question 34 (*****) non calculator

Solve the following trigonometric equation

cos (ψ − 60 ) = cos (ψ − 45 ) , 0 ≤ ψ < 360° .

ψ = 52.5°, 232.5°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 35 (*****)

S = sin (10° ) sin ( 30° ) sin ( 50° ) sin ( 70° )

Use the sine double angle identity for sine to show that S = 1 .
16

V , X , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 36 (*****)
Solve the trigonometric equation

( cos 4 x + cos x )2 + ( sin 4 x + sin x )2 = 2 3 sin 3x , 0 ≤ x < π ,

giving the answers in terms of π .

π π 7π
SP-E , , ,
9 3 9

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 37 (*****)

A D

θ
N
8
6
B C
M

The figure above shows a rectangle ABCD .

The points M and N lie on BC and CD respectively.

The angle AMN is 90° , AM = 8 and MN = 6 . The angle BAM is denoted by θ .

a) Given that the perimeter of the rectangle ABCD is fixed at 24 units, determine
the possible value(s) of θ .

b) Given instead that the perimeter of the rectangle ABCD can vary, determine the
largest possible area of the triangle ADN .

θ ≈ 71.7° , area max = 25

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 38 (*****) non calculator

tan 2 x° + tan 2 x° tan 25° = 1 − tan 25° , 0 ≤ x < 360 .

Find the solutions of the above trigonometric equation, giving the answers in degrees.

x = 10°,100°,190°, 280°

Question 39 (*****)

2 tan x − sin 2 x = sin 2 x , 0 ≤ x < 360 .

Find the solutions of the above trigonometric equation, giving the answers in degrees.

x = 0°, 26.6°,180°, 206.6°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 40 (*****) non calculator

Solve the following trigonometric equation

sin (θ − 20 ) = sin (θ + 60 ) , 0 ≤ θ < 360° .

θ = 70°, 250°

Question 41 (*****)
The three angles in a triangle ABC satisfy the relationship

sin ( 2 A − B ) − sin ( B + C ) = cos A sin ( A − B ) .

Show that the triangle ABC is isosceles.

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 42 (*****)
It is given that

sin ( A + B ) ≡ sin A cos B + cos A sin B .

Use the above trigonometric identity to show that

sin 3 x ≡ 3sin x − 4sin 3 x ,

and hence find

 3
3sin 2 x − 2sin 3 x cos x dx .

4
− 3 sin 3 x + C
2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 43 (*****)
It is given that a , b and c are consecutive terms of an arithmetic progression.

It is further given that

a cos 2 x − ( 2a + c ) sin 2 x = a cos x − b (1 + sin x ) , x ∈  .

2 2

Show clearly that

tan x = −1 .

SP-J , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 44 (*****)
Prove the validity of each of the following trigonometric identities.

3tan x − tan 3 x
a) tan 3x ≡
1 − 3tan 2 x

2sec 2 θ − cos 2θ − 1
b) ≡ tan θ .
2 tan θ + sin 2θ

proof

Question 45 (*****) non calculator

Solve the trigonometric equation

cos (ψ − 36 ) = cos (ψ − 72 ) , 0 ≤ ψ < 360° .

ψ = 54°, 234°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 46 (*****)
Solve the trigonometric equation

sin x + sin 2 x + sin 3 x + sin 4 x = 0 , 0 ≤ θ ≤ π ,

giving the answers in terms of π .

2π π 4π
x = 0, , , ,π
5 2 5

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 47 (*****)
Use the substitution t = tan x to show that if

10sin 2 x = 3 + 10 tan x ,

1 −2 ± 19
then either tan x = or tan x = .
2 5

proof

Question 48 (*****)
Solve the following simultaneous equations.

x + y = 1 π , cos x + cos y = 0 , 0 ≤ x < 2π .

5

SP-J , ( x, y ) = ( 53 π , − 52 π ) = ( 58 π , − 75 π )

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 49 (*****)
1 − sin 2 x
f ( x) ≡ , x ∈  , sin x ≠ cos x .
sin x − cos x

a) Show clearly that

f ( x ) ≡ sin x − cos x .

b) Solve the equation

 2π 
f ( x ) f ( − x ) = cos  x −  , 0 ≤ x < 2π ,
 3 

giving the answers in terms of π .

2π 8π 4π 14π
x= , , ,
9 9 3 9

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 50 (*****)
Find the solutions of the trigonometric equation

sin ( x + 15 ) + 5sin x + sin ( x − 15 ) =  cos ( x + 15 ) + 5cos x + cos ( x − 15 )  tan ( 2 x + 15 ) ,

in the range 0° ≤ x < 360° .

x = 165°,345°

Question 51 (*****)
Solve the trigonometric equation

4cos ( x + 30° ) = sec ( x − 60° ) , 0 ≤ x < 360° .

x = 45°,165°, 225°,345°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 52 (*****)
In the following question you may not use the sine or the cosine rule.

T
L2

θ 2θ
L1
A x B

The figure above shows the plan of a river whose banks are modelled as straight parallel
lines L1 and L2 .

The points A and B lie on L1 , so that AB = x .

A tree is positioned at the point T on L2 , so that AT and BT subtend angles of θ and

2θ , respectively.

The tree located at T has height h . The angle of elevation of the top of the tree as
viewed from A is θ .

Show that

h = 2 x sin θ .

SP-H , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 53 (*****)
By using the trigonometric identity for sin 2θ , or otherwise, show clearly that

π 2π 4π 1
cos cos cos =− .
7 7 7 8

proof

Question 54 (*****)
Show clearly that

tan 3π − tan π − tan 3π tan π = 1 .

8 8 8 8

SP-I , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 55 (*****) non calculator

Solve the trigonometric equation

sin (ϕ + 30 ) = cos (ϕ − 45) , 0 ≤ ϕ < 360° .

ϕ = 52.5°, 232.5°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 56 (*****)
Eliminate θ from the following pair of equation.

tan θ + cot θ = x3

secθ − cosθ = y 3

Write the answer in the form

f ( x, y ) = 1 .

SP-M , x 4 y 2 − y 4 x 2 = 1

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 57 (*****)
It is given that

 π θ  1 − sin θ π
tan 2  −  ≡ , x ≠ ( 4n + 3) , n ∈
.
 4 2  1 + sin θ 2

a) Prove the validity of the above trigonometric identity

b) Hence solve the equation

π 
tan  − 2 x  = 7 + 4 3 , 0 ≤ x < π .
4 

5π 11π
x= ,
12 6

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 58 (*****)
It is given that

p = sin 2 θ , q = tan 2θ .

Use trigonometric identities to find a simplified expression for q 2 in terms of p .

4 p (1 − p )
q2 =
(1 − 2 p )2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 659 (*****)

sin 2 x − 3 cos 2 x = tan x , 0 ≤ x < 2π .

Find the solutions of the above trigonometric equation, giving the answers terms of π .

π π 3π 5π 4π 7π
x= , , , , ,
4 3 4 4 3 4

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 60 (*****)

 π  π
sin  3 x −  + sin  x −  = sin x , 0≤ x <π .
 3  3

Determine the solutions of the above trigonometric equation, giving the answers in
terms of π .

π π 3π
SP-K , x = , ,
4 3 4

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 61 (*****)
The function f is defined as

 7π   π 
f ( x ) = sin  x +  sin  x +  , 0 ≤ x < 2π
 12   12 

Solve the equation

π 
f ( x) + f (−x) = f  − x  .
4 

π 13π 25π 37π

SP-H , x = , , ,
24 24 24 24

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 62 (*****)
It is given that the three angles of a triangle α , β and γ satisfy the relationship

( )
tan α = 1 + tan 2 α sin ( β − γ ) .
2 2

Assuming that the triangle is not right angled, show that

3tan γ = tan β .

SP-I , proof

Question 63 (*****) non calculator

Solve the trigonometric equation

sin ( y − 48 ) = cos ( y + 12 ) , 0 ≤ y < 360° .

y = 63°, 243°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 64 (*****)
The 2nd , 3rd and 4th terms of a geometric series are cos θ , 2 sin θ and 3 tan θ ,
π
respectively, where 0 < θ < .
2

Show clearly that the sum of the first 6 terms of the series is

43
12
( )
6+ 6 .

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 65 (*****)
It is given that θ and ϕ satisfy the relationship

3sin ϕ cos ϕ
tan θ = .
1 − 3sin 2 ϕ

Show clearly that

tan (θ − ϕ ) = 2 tan ϕ .

SP-L , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 66 (*****)

3
16

O A

The figure above shows three right angle triangles, OAB , OBC and OCD .

It is given that AOB = BOC = COD and OD = 2 OA .

Given further that the length of AB is 3 16 , determine the length of DC .

SPX-M , DC = 4

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 67 (*****)
Solve the trigonometric equation

π
8cos 2 x cos 4 x cos8 x + 1 = 0 , 0< x< .
2

π π 3π 2π π 5π 4π
SP-P , x = , , , , , ,
14 9 14 9 3 14 9

Question 68 (*****)
Find, in terms of π , the solutions of the equation

d
x
dx
( )
x + 2cos x = 1 , 0 ≤ x < 4π 2 .

49π 2 121π 2
x= ,
36 36

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 69 (*****)
Find in terms of π the solutions of the trigonometric equation

π 
cot  cos x  = 1 , 0 ≤ x < 2π .
2 

π 5π
x= ,
3 3

Question 70 (*****)
Solve the trigonometric equation

π  π  π   2π  π
8sin   cos   cos   cos   = cos3 x , 0≤ x< ,
 18   18  9  9  2

giving the answer in terms of π .

π
SP-R , x =
54

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 71 (*****)
Solve the trigonometric equation

sin ( 2θ ° + 20° ) + cos ( 3θ ° + 50° ) = 0 , 0 ≤ θ ≤ 360° .

θ = 40°,60°,112°,184°, 256°,328°

Question 72 (*****)
A curve has equation

  π  π π
y = ln  tan  x +   , − <x< .
  4  4 4

Show clearly that

dy
= 2sec 2 x .
dx

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 73 (*****)
Prove the validity of each of the following trigonometric identities.

i. sin 2 θ tan θ + cos 2 θ cot θ + 2sin θ cos θ ≡ tan θ + cot θ .

ii. sin θ (1 + tan θ ) + cos θ (1 + cot θ ) ≡ sec θ + cosec θ .

SP-L , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 74 (*****)
Given the simultaneous equations

3tan θ + 4 tan ϕ = 8

π
θ +ϕ = ,
2

find the possible values of tan θ and tan ϕ .

[ tanθ , tan ϕ ] =  2, 12  =  23 , 23 

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 75 (*****)
A relationship between x and y is given by the equations

π
x = cosec θ − sin θ , 0 < θ <
2

π
y = sec θ − cos θ , 0 < θ < .
2

Use trigonometric identities to show that

2 3
y 2 x 2  x 3 + y 3  = 1 .
2

 

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 76 (*****)
Solve the trigonometric equation

sec x + 3 cosec x = 4 , 0 ≤θ <π ,

giving the answers in terms of π .

2π π 8π
θ= , ,
9 3 9

Question 77 (*****)
It is given that

π  π 
cos   ≡ cos   cos ( Aπ ) + cos ( Bπ )  ,
 12  4

where A and B are constants such that 0 < A < 1 and 0 < B < 1 .

Determine the value of A and the value of B .

A= 1 , B= 2
6 3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 78 (*****)
Find the only finite solution of the trigonometric equation

 x   1  π
arcsin   + 2arctan  = .
 x −1   x +1 2

x=0

Question 79 (*****)
Prove the validity of the following trigonometric identity

1
sin 4 θ + cos 4 θ ≡
2
( )
2 − sin 2 2θ .

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 80 (*****)

ϕ
θ ϕ

G A B C

The figure above shows a spotlight L , beaming down on level ground, where L is
mounted at a height of 12 metres and the point G is directly below L .

The bulb emits light in the shape of a cone whose axis of symmetry LB is angled at θ °
to the vertical.

The beam is ϕ ° wide all the way round the axis of symmetry of the light cone.

a) Show that the length of AB is

12sec 2 θ
AB = .
cot ϕ + tan θ

The lengths of LG and AB are 8 3 metres and 8 metres, respectively.

1
b) Show further that tan ϕ =
11
(
6+ 3 . )
SP-R , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 81 (*****)

P A S

8cm

B
D

20cm

θ
Q C R
20cm

The figure above shows the cross section of a letter inside a filling slot.

The letter ABCD is modelled as a rectangle with AB = 8cm and BC = 20cm .

The width of the filling slot QR is also 20 cm and the angle BCR is θ .

Determine the value of θ .

SP-Q , θ ≈ 43.6°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 82 (*****)
Solve the following trigonometric equation

1 + cos 2θ − 1 − cos 2θ = 1 , 0 ≤ θ < 2π .

π 11π 13π 23π

SP-T , θ = , , ,
12 12 12 12

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 83 (*****)
Prove the validity of the following trigonometric identity.

sin 4θ − 8sin 3 θ cos θ

≡ 4cos 3θ , θ ≠ nπ .
sin θ

SP-K , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 84 (*****)
The three angles of a triangle are denoted by α , β and γ .

a) Show clearly that …

i. … sin (α + β ) = sin γ .

ii. … sin ( α +2β ) = cos ( γ2 ) .

iii. … sin α + sin β + sin (α + β ) = 2sin ( α +2β ) cos ( α +2β ) + cos ( α −2β ) .
β γ
iv. … sin α + sin β + sin γ = 4cos α cos cos .
2 2 2

b) By using (iv) with suitable values for α , β and γ , show that

π  6+ 2
cos   = .
 12  4

SP-S , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 85 (*****)
Simplify, showing all steps in the calculation, the expression

4
arctan + arctan 2 − arctan 3 ,
3

giving the answer in terms of π .

π
4

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 86 (*****)
Solve the trigonometric equation

sec x + cosec x = 2 2 , 0 ≤ x < 2π ,

giving the answers in terms of π .

π 11π 19π
SP-S , x = , ,
4 12 12

Question 87 (*****)
Prove the validity of the trigonometric identity

 3π  1 + sin 4 x π
tan 2  − 2x  ≡ , x ≠ ( 4n + 1) , n ∈

 4  1 − sin 4 x 3

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 88 (*****)
Use algebra to find, in terms of π , the solution of the trigonometric equation

x 2 − 8π x + 2 − 2cos x + 16π 2 = 0 , x ∈  .

SP-U , x = 4π

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 89 (*****)
The piecewise continuous function f is given below

 sin x° 0 ≤ x < 360


f ( x) ≡  sin 2 x° 360 ≤ x < 720
 sin 3 x° 720 ≤ x < 1080


a) Sketch the graph of f ( x ) .

b) Solve the equation …

i. … f ( x ) = − 1 .
2
ii. … f ( x ) = cos x .

SP-P , x = 210, 330, 465, 525, 645, 705, 790, 830, 910, 950, 1030, 1070 ,
x = 45, 225, 390, 450, 510, 630, 735, 742.5, 832.5, 915, 922.5, 1012.5

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 90 (*****)

Q
wall

3.2 m

P θ 1.35 m
N B

The figure above shows the wall AB of a certain structure, which is supported by a
straight rigid beam PR , where P is on level ground and R is at some point on the wall.

In order to increase the rigidity of the support, the beam is rested on a steady pole NQ ,
of height 3.2 metres.

The pole is placed at a distance of 1.35 metres from the bottom of the wall B .

The beam PR is forming an acute angle θ with the horizontal ground PNB .

The angle θ is chosen so that the length of the beam PR , is least.

Determine the least value for the length of the beam PR , assuming that R lies on the
wall, fully justifying that this is indeed the minimum value.

SP-V , 6.25

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 91 (*****)
The functions f and g are defined by

f ( x ) ≡ cos x , x ∈  , 0 ≤ x ≤ π

g ( x ) ≡ 1 − x2 , x ∈  .

a) Solve the equation

fg ( x ) = 1 .
2

b) Determine the values of x for which f −1g ( x ) is not defined.

SP-T , x = ± 1 − π , x < − 2 or x > 2

6

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 92 (*****)

f ( x ) ≡ cos 2 x + sin 2 x , x ∈  .

a) Determine an expression for f ′ ( x ) and find the value of f 1 π .

2 ( )
b) By using the results of part (a) only, show that

cos 2 x + sin 2 x ≡ 1 .

( )
f ′( x) = 0 , f 1 π = 1
2

Question 93 (*****)
Prove the validity of each of the following trigonometric identities.

2 − 2 cos x x
a) ≡ sec .
sin x 2

b) sin 2 θ tan θ + cos 2 θ cot θ + 2sin θ cos θ ≡ tan θ + cot θ .

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 94 (*****)
Solve the trigonometric equation

 1− x  π
2 arctan ( x − 2 ) + arcsin  = .
1+ x  2

SP-S , x = 4

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 95 (*****)
By considering the solution of trigonometric equation

sin ( x − 30 ) ° = cos ( x − 45 ) ° ,

 1+ 2 
find, in degrees, the exact value of arctan  .
 3− 2

SP-C , 82.5°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 96 (*****)
Simplify, showing all steps in the calculation, the expression

2
arctan 8 + arctan 2 + arctan ,
3

giving the answer in terms of π .

SP-A , π

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 97 (*****)
Given that 0 < θ < 1 π , 0 < ϕ < 1 π , solve the following simultaneous equations.
2 2

5cos θ + 2 tan ϕ = 5 and 5sin θ + cot ϕ = 5 .

Give the answers in exact form in terms of inverse trigonometric functions.

SP-M , [θ , ϕ ] = arccos 3 , arctan1 , [θ , ϕ ] = arccos 4 , arctan 1  ,

 5   5 2

[θ ,ϕ ] = arccos 10 (
1 3+ 41  ,arctan  1 7 + 41  
) 4 ( )

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 98 (*****)
Solve the trigonometric equation

 π  π
3 cos  x +  = sin  x +  , 0 ≤ θ < 2π ,
 5  5

giving the answers in terms of π .

2π 17π
SP-T , x = ,
15 15

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 99 (*****)
Solve the following trigonometric equation

5π
arcsin 2 x + arccos x = .
6

SP-B , x = 1
2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 100 (*****) non calculator

Find, in degrees, the solutions of the trigonometric equation

cos ( x + 22 ) °
2 cos ( x + 10 ) ° = , 0° ≤ x ≤ 360° .
sin ( x + 10 ) °

SP-U , x = 16°, 92°, 136°, 256°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 101 (*****)

π
It is given that for θ ≠ ( 4k + 1) , k ∈
,
2

θ π 
tan  +  ≡ tan θ + secθ .
2 4

a) Prove the validity of the above trigonometric identity.

θ π 
b) Hence find a similar expression for tan  −  .
2 4

You are now given the equation

tan x − tan ( x − α ) = 2 tan x ,

where α is a constant.

c) Express tan x in terms of trigonometric functions involving α only.

d) Hence solve the trigonometric equation

 3π  3π
tan x − tan  x −  = 2 tan , 0 ≤ x < 2π ,
 5  5

giving the answers in terms of π .

π 11π 21π 31π

SP-Y , tan x = tan α ± sec α , x = , , ,
20 20 20 20

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 102 (*****)

It is given that θ and ϕ satisfy the simultaneous equations

sin 2θ
= 1 − sin ϕ ,
1 + sin θ

θ +ϕ = π

π
where 0 < θ < π , θ ≠ , 0 <ϕ <π .
2

a) Determine the value of tan θ .

b) Show clearly that

4
tan ( 3θ + 5ϕ ) = − .
3

C3S , tan θ = 1
2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 103 (*****)

The angle θ satisfies the equation

∞
tan θ tan 2θ =

r =0
2 cos r 2θ .

π
Given that 0 < θ < , find the exact value of tan θ .
2

− 14
SP-Y , tan θ = 3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 104 (*****)

Use trigonometric algebra to fully simplify

 1 + sin x − 1 − sin x  π
arctan  , 0< x< ,
 1 + sin x + 1 − sin x  4

giving the final answer in terms of x .

SP-R , 1 x
2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 105 (*****)

Solve the following trigonometric equation, for 0 ≤ x < 2π .

2 cos x sin 2 x − 2cos 2 x sin x + cos 2 x − 4sin 2 x + 3cos x sin x + 2sin x − 2 cos x = 0 .

π π 5π 5π
SP-N , x = , , ,
6 4 6 4

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 106 (*****)

Use trigonometric algebra to solve the equation

2π
arctan x + 2arccot x = .
3

You may assume that arccot x is the inverse function for the part of cot x for which
0≤ x ≤π .

SP-U , x = 3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 107 (*****)

The distinct acute angles θ and ϕ , θ > ϕ satisfy the equation

f (θ , ϕ ) = g (θ ,ϕ ) tan ϕ ,

where the functions f and g are defined as

f (θ ,ϕ ) ≡ sin (θ − ϕ ) and g (θ ,ϕ ) ≡ cos (θ − ϕ ) − 2 tan ϕ sin (θ − ϕ ) .

Use trigonometric identities to show that

tan θ = 2 tan ϕ .

MP2-Z , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 108 (*****)

Solve the following trigonometric equation, for 0 ≤ θ < 2π .

3cos 2 θ − sin 2 θ − 3 cos θ − sin θ = 0 .

π 2π 3π 5π
SP-B , θ = , , ,
6 3 2 3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 109 (*****)

Solve the following trigonometric equation, for 0 < x < 2π .

sin x sin 2 x + sin 2 x sin 3x + sin 3x sin 4 x = 0 .

π 3π
SP-A , x = , π,
2 2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 110 (*****)

Solve the following trigonometric equation, for 0 < x < 1 π .
2

4cos x cos 2 x cos5x + 1 = 0 .

SP-B , x = 1 π , 1 π , 3 π , 2 π
8 5 8 5

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 111 (*****)

Solve the following trigonometric equation.

( ) ( )
2cot 2 x = sec x sec 2π + 2 tan 2π , 0 ≤ x < 2π .
15 15

Give the answers in the form kπ , where k is rational.

SP-C , k = 1 , 3 , 11 , 71 , 131 , 41
2 2 90 90 90 30

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 112 (*****)

Use trigonometric algebra to fully simplify

1  7  1
2 arctan   + arccos   + arctan   ,
5 5 2  8

giving the final answer in terms of π .

π
SP-Q ,
4

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 113 (*****)

It given that

π
arctan x + arctan y + arctan z = .
2

Show that x , y and z satisfy the relationship

xy + yz + zx = 1 .

SP-Y , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 114 (*****)

Use a fully detailed method to show that

arctan  6 + 3 − 2 − 2  = 37.5° .

SP-N , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 115 (*****)

Use a trigonometric algebra to solve the following equation

5π 2
( arctan x )2 + ( arccot x )2 = .
8

You may assume that y = arccot x is the inverse function of y = cot x , 0 ≤ x ≤ π

SP-Z , x = −1

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 116 (*****)

B P Q C

θ θ

A D
2a

The figure above shows a network APQD inside a rectangle ABCD , where AB = a
and BC = 2a . The endpoints of the network A and D are fixed. The points P and Q
are variable so that they always lie on BC with AP = QD . The angles BPA and
CQD are both equal to θ . A particle travels with constant speed v on the sections AP
and QD , and with constant speed 5 v on the section PQ .
3

Let T be the total time for the journey APQD .

Given that the positions of the points P and Q can be varied as appropriate, show that
14a
the minimum value of T is , fully justifying that this is the minimum value.
5v

SP-X , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 117 (*****)

O
B

The figure above shows a infinite sequence of circles of decreasing radius, the radius of
the larger circle being 4 .
3

The centres of these circles lie on a straight line. The straight lines OA and OB are
tangents to every circle in the sequence, the angle AOB denoted by 2θ .

Given that the total area of these circles is 2π , determine the value of θ .

SP-I , θ = 1 π
6

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 118 (*****)

 cos 66° − sin 48° 

θ = arctan  .
 cos 48° − sin 66° 

Show by detailed working that θ = −12° .

SPX-G , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 119 (*****)

 1 
f ( x ) = arctan ( 3 x ) + arcsin  , x∈.
 2 
 9x +1 

Show clearly that …

a) … f ′ ( x ) = 0 .

 1 
b) … arctan ( 3 x ) + arcsin   ≡ kπ , stating the value of the constant k .
 2 
 9x +1 

k=1
2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 120 (*****)

It is given that

cot x − 2 cot 2 x ≡ tan x .

a) Prove the validity of the above trigonometric identity.

b) Hence, or otherwise, show that

10

r =1
2
1
r −1
 x
tan  r
2

=
1
 512
 x 
cot   − 2cot x .
 1024 

SP-Q , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 121 (*****)

Given the trigonometric equation

sin ( x − α )
= tan α ,
cos ( x − α ) − 2 tan α sin ( x − α )

show clearly that

tan x = 2 tan α .

SP-W , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 122 (*****)

Solve the trigonometric equation

1 x π
sin x cos x + = cos 2  −  , 0 ≤ x < π ,
2 2 6

giving the answers in terms of π .

π 5π 17π
C3S , x = , ,
6 18 18

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 123 (*****)

Prove the validity of the following trigonometric identities.

1
a) cos 4 θ + sin 4 θ ≡ ( 3 + 4cos 4θ ) .
4

b) 32sin 2 x cos 4 x ≡ 2 + cos 2 x − 2cos 4 x − cos 6 x .

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 124 (*****)

Show clearly that

 24 
4 arccot 2 + arctan   = π .
 7 

C3T , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 125 (*****)

It is given that if x ≠ y , x ≠ 0 , y ≠ 0 ,

tan ( x + y ) = 2 tan ( x − y ) .

Show clearly that

sin 2 x
=3.
sin 2 y

C3T , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 126 (*****)

A triangle ABC is such so that BAC = 1 π and BC = 1 .
6

Show that the maximum value of the area of the triangle ABC is

(
1 2+ 3 .
4 )
SPX-O , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 127 (*****)

It is given that the angles A , B and C are the three angles of a triangle ABC with
B ≠ 90° .

Given further that

cos ( B − C )
sin A − sin ( B − C ) = ,
tan B

show that the triangle ABC is right angled.

SP-X , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 128 (*****)

Solve the following trigonometric equation

( )
arctan  x cos 2arcsin 1x  = 1 π .
  4

SP-V , x = −1, x = 2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 129 (*****)

Sketch the graph of

2
y = ( arcsin x ) arccos x , −1 ≤ x ≤ 1

SP-N , graph

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 130 (*****)

Solve the following trigonometric equation

sin  arccot ( x + 1)  = cos ( arctan x ) .

You may assume that y = arccot x is the inverse function for y = cot x , 0 ≤ x ≤ π .

SP-W , x = − 1
2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 131 (*****)

The function f is defined in the largest possible real domain, contained in the interval
( −2π , 2π ) , and its equation is

f ( x ) ≡ ln  tan 1 π − 1 x  .
( )
 8 2 

a) Find the domain of f .

k
b) Show that f ′ ( x ) ≡ , for some constant k .
1 − sin 2 x

SPX-S , ( −2π , − 74 π ) ∪ ( − 43 π , 14 π ) ∪ ( 54 π , 2π )

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 132 (*****)

The positive solution of the quadratic equation x 2 − x − 1 = 0 is denoted by φ , and is
commonly known as the golden section or golden number.

5( )
It can be shown, and you may assume in this question, that cos 1 π = 1 φ .
2

Use trigonometric identities to show that

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
tan 1 π tan 2 π tan 3 π tan 4 π = 5 .
5 5 5 5

You may not use complex numbers in this question.

SPX-T , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 133 (*****)

It is given that θ , α and β are distinct real numbers which satisfy.

tan (θ − α ) + tan (θ − b ) = x

cot (θ − α ) + cot (θ − b ) = y .

Find, in exact simplified form, an expression for tan (α − β ) , in terms of x and y .

x 2 y 2 − 4 xy
SP-M , tan (α − β ) = ±
x+ y

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 134 (*****)

By considering the trigonometric identity for tan ( A − B ) , with A = arctan ( n + 1) and
B = arctan ( n ) , sum the following series

n =1

arctan  2
1 
.
 n + n +1

You may assume the series converges.

π
SPX-L ,
4

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 135 (*****)

It is given that

( arcsin x )3 + ( arccos x )3 = kπ 3 , x ≤ 1,

for some constant k .

a) Show that a necessary but not sufficient condition for the above equation to have
solutions is that

k≥ 1 .
32

b) Solve the equation given that it only has one solution.

c) Given instead that that k = 7 , find the two solutions of the equation, giving the
96
answers in the form x = sin ( aπ ) , where a ∈  .

2 π   5π 
SP-X , x = , x = sin   , x = sin  
2  12   12 

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 136 (*****)

Sketch the graph of

f ( x ) = arcsin ( cos x ) ,

in the largest domain that the function is defined.

Indicate the coordinates of any intersections with the axes, and the coordinates of the
cusps of the curve.

SP-V , graph

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 137 (*****)

It is given that

arctan 2 + arctan A + arctan B = π .

It is further given that A and B are distinct positive real numbers other than unity.

Determine a pair of possible values for A and B .

SP-F , 5 & 7
9

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 138 (*****)

Find the value of


∞
 sin 4 π × 2r −2
( )  .

 4r 
 
r =0

Hint: Express sin 4 θ in terms of sin 2 θ and sin 2 2θ only.

SP-H , 1
2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 139 (*****)

The triangle ABC is isosceles with AB = AC and BAC = 36° .

The angle bisector of ABC meets AC at the point D .

By using trigonometry in the above construction, or otherwise, show that

(
cos36° = 1 1 + 5 .
2 )
SP-F , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 140 (*****)

cos 2 x
f ( x) = , x ∈  , sin 2 x ≠ −1 .
1 + sin 2 x

a) Express f ( x ) in the form

g ( x) g (−x)
f ( x) = ,
g ( x)

where g ( x ) is a function to be found.

b) Sketch the graph of f ( x ) for −2π ≤ x ≤ 2π .

c) Hence solve the trigonometric equation

2 f ( x) = 1, −2π ≤ x ≤ 2π .

SPX-J , g ( x ) = cos x + sin x , x = − 23 π , − 11 π , 1 π , 13 π

12 12 12 12

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 141 (*****)

Prove that for all x such that −1 ≤ x ≤ 1

( ) π
arccos x + arccos  1 x + 3 − 3x 2  = .
2  3

SP-T , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 142 (*****)

The function f is defined as

f ( x ) ≡ sin x + cos x + tan x + cot x + sec x + cosec x , ( )

x ∈ 0, 1 π .
2

Determine with full justification the range of f .

SPX-W , f ( x ) ∈  2 + 3 2, ∞ )

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 143 (*****)

It is given that

• the angles A , B and C are the three angles of a triangle ABC .

• the angles A , B and C are in an increasing arithmetic progression, in that order.

• The lengths of the triangle ABC , opposite each of the angles A , B and C are
denoted by a , b and c .

Show that

a c
sin 2C + sin 2 A = 3 .
c a

SP-W , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 144 (*****)

Find, in exact surd form, the only real solution of the following trigonometric equation

π
arcsin ( 2 x − 1) − arccos x = .
6

The rejection of any additional solutions must be fully justified.

SP-P , x = 1 − 1 6
2 6

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 145 (*****)

Given that n is an integer such that n > 3 , use a detailed method to solve the following
trigonometric equation.

1 1 1
+ = .
 2π   3π  π 
sin   sin   sin  
 n   n  n

SP-V , n = 7

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 146 (*****)

Find, in terms of π , the general solution of the equation

( x + y )2 + 4 ( x + y ) cos ( x − y ) + 4 = 0 .

SP-Z , ( x, y ) = ( −1 + k2π , −1 − k2π ) , k = even , ( x, y ) = (1 + k2π ,1 − k2π ) , k = odd

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 147 (*****)

Find the general solution of the following equation

d  
2x


2
dx  1π
( ) ( )
sin t 2 + cos 2t 2 dx  = −
 x
, x∈.
 6 

SPX-N , x = 1 π ( 4k − 1) k ∈

4

Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

Created by T. Madas