CHAPTER 2: RELATED LITERATURE AND

STUDIES

THE EFFECTS OF THE TEACHERS TEACHING STYLE

TO THE STUDENTS ACADEMIC

This chapter focuses on the study of the effectiveness of the teachers

teaching style to students, to identify what teaching or learning method is the
most or least recommended for the students academic. It is determine to improve
and study what learning or teaching is most effective.

IV: THE EFFECTS OF THE TEACHERS TEACHING STYLE

A particular method that is commonly implyed by teachers is to group

students or segregate a group of students into a certain number. Teachers who
frequently adopt this approach are referred to as "consultants." In this method,
students are expected to work together, collaborate, and design and even
challenge their learning techniques and comprehension. This collaborative
method encourages students to take responsibilty of their learning, develop more
critical thinking skills, and enhance their problem-solving abilities. By working
in groups, students can learn from one another, share ideas, and gain different
perspectives on the subject. (Ridwan, 2018)

Education is a pillar for both national and social progress. It's not merely a
blueprint for national development; it plays a crucial role in shaping a society's
values, fostering individual growth, and driving collective advancement. Within
this intricate landscape, the role of the teacher takes center stage. Recognizing
that different teaching styles can profoundly impact student learning, researchers
have begun to explore this dynamic. However, there remain gaps in our
understanding of the intricate mechanisms and specific forms that underlie these
impacts. (Zhang 2023)
 This study examines the influence of three distinct teaching approaches:
discussing, delegating, and directing. The results demonstrate a clear correlation
between teaching style and student academic performance. The study found that
teachers who apply a discussing style of teaching had a significantly positive
impact on students. This approach is characterized by interactive dialogue,
questions, and collaborative learning activities, through a dynamic and engaging
learning environment. Students actively participated in discussions, shared their
ideas, and challenged each other's perspectives, leading to a deeper
understanding of the subject matter.(Alufohai et al., 2023)

Based on the observations carried out by the researchers and writers, the
teachers at SMPLV 2 Paguyan are creating significant efforts to nurture the
development of their students. They are committed to ensuring that both the
academic and non-academic skills of their students are in excellent condition. It
is important to note that not all students are alike; some have struggle with their
of comprehension and intelligence. This implies that their learning processes and
needs of the students are also different. This also includes the teachers need to
recognize and adapt to these differences in order to provide a more effective
method. By understanding the unique characteristics and learning styles of each
student, teachers can change their teaching methods and approaches to better
show the needs of their students. This involves using a variety of instructional
strategies, providing additional support and resources, or differentiating
instruction to ensure that all students have the opportunity to succeed. (Murtiant
& Nurdiwanti 2022)

Research has demonstrated that teachers who possess a sense of humor,

gentle, and have a logical approach can engage students' interest in learning and
assist them in achieving better grades. It is important for teachers to teach each
student according to their individual learning style. By doing so, every students
can participate in class more. This method, helps students build learning style
that makes them confident, which is crucial for them to explore their
development of knowledge. (Zhang 2022)

A study has investigated that trained teachers possess better

communication, teaching, and critical thinking skills. They also concluded that
students' academic achievement and interest improve when a trained teacher
applies teaching methods according to the classroom environment and situations.
For example, a trained teacher with good communication skills can effectively
convey complex concepts to students. They can explain things clearly and
answer students' questions in a way that is easy to understand. This helps
students grasp the material better and leads to improved academic performance.
(Sarcheshmeh et al. 2017)

It has been discovered that most domestic research on teaching style relies
on morely on explanations. However, relatively few empirical studies have been
conducted. For example, many studies might have different teaching styles and
discussing potential impact in theory. But there is a lack of studies that actually
go into the classroom and Teaching is a profession that demands commitment in
order to make a difference in people's lives. This teachers in action, collect data
on their teaching behaviors, and analyze how these behaviors relate to student
outcomes. This means that there is a need for more research that combines
theoretical understanding with real-world evidence. Such empirical studies could
provide more detailed and practical insights into how teaching styles actually
affect students' learning experiences and academic achievements. (Li 2024)

It is shown that the modern teaching style is employed in a state school or

if they typically use traditional strategies. Similarly, a series of practices are
shown to be more prevalent in schools where teachers and students utilize digital
devices to a greater extent. For instance, in state schools, there might be more
focus on traditional educational approaches that limit the adoption of modern
teaching styles. Teachers who are using traditional strategies may be less likely
to explore and incorporate new and innovative teaching methods. Meanwhile in
schools there is a greater emphasis on digital devices, teachers and students are
more likely to engage in practices such as online learning, collaborative projects
using digital platforms, and the use of educational apps. (Aldonza 2022)

The study showed results that revealed a positive cornnection between the
teacher’s training and student academic achievement and interest, regardless of
the teaching method implied for the students. This finding shows the crucial role
of the teacher’s professional development in enhancing teaching practices and
ultimately benefiting the student outcomes. However, the study also revealed
significant differences in effectiveness among the four teaching methods. The
demonstration teaching method is the most effective, consistently ranking first in
both pre- and post-test analysis. This approach, characterized by hands-on
activities, visual aids, and practical demonstrations, fostered a more engaging
and interactive learning experience, leading to improved student understanding
and retention of knowledge. (Hafeez 2021)

The results highlighted the "role model" teaching style as the most
effective, demonstrating a significant positive correlation with student success.
This style, characterized by teachers serving as positive exemplars and inspiring
students through their actions and values, fosters a strong sense of motivation
and a desire to emulate positive behavior. The study also found that female
students, on average, achieved higher grades than their male counterparts. This
finding underscores the need to further investigate potential factors contributing
to this disparity, such as gender-specific learning preferences, classroom
dynamics, or cultural influences. (Ahmed et al., 2020)

The study's findings offer valuable insights for educators and educational
leaders, such as teachers. They are both important due to the transformational
and transactional leadership styles in motivating students. Transformational
leadership, is through a process by inspiration and purpose, it can create a
deeper, more unique way of learning to students. Meanwhile a Transactional
leadership, is through its focus on clear expectations, rewards, and consequences
which can provide structure afor students to achieve their goals. Furthermore, it
highlights the needs for a balanced approaches to leadership that combines the
best elements of both transformational and transactional styles. Leaders who
effectively leverage both inspiration and structure can create a dynamic and
supportive learning environment that empowers students to achieve their full
potential. (Yang & Dong 2017)
 The results revealed that participating teachers has more higher levels of
all three factors: teaching styles, self-efficacy and emotional intelligence. This
positive finding suggests that the teachers involved in the study possess a strong
foundation for effective teaching, demonstrating a range of teaching approaches,
a belief in their ability to influence student learning, and a capacity to understand
and manage their own emotions and those of their students. These findings
suggest that teachers who possess a strong sense of self-efficacy, has a belief in
their own teaching abilities, they are more likely to employ a diverse range of
teaching styles. Teachers with high self-efficacy are confident in their ability to
adapt their teaching approaches to different learning contexts and student needs,
fostering a more dynamic and engaging learning environment. (Yilmaz & Aktas,
2018)

research has suggested that teaching styles that cater to the students' fundamental
needs for every students needs, which can positively influence a wide range of
learning outcomes, both in school and college settings. However, there is a deep
range of knowledge regarding about between these teaching styles and the
learning motivation and academic engagement of pre-service teachers,
individuals who are still preparing themselves to become educators. (Chan et al.,
2021)

During the past decade, we have seen a rapid progress in the field of
technology-enhanced learning. There are more studies that are now focusing on
how different learner styles, such as visual, auditory, or kinesthetic, affect the
way students gain knowledge. Such as technology-enhanced learning, new tools
and different sorts of platforms are constantly being developed. These include
online learning management systems, and ducational apps. Due to the rapid
growth of this application of these technologies in formal education, it has
become a more widespread. Schools and universities are integrating them into
their curricula to provide more engaging and personalized learning experiences
for students. This allows for greater flexibility in learning, as students can access
educational materials at any time and from anywhere. It also enables teachers to
track students' progress more effectively and provide feedback. (Ivana 2018)
 A teacher with a dynamic and interactive teaching style might lead to
higher levels of student engagement. This involves using group activites, student
participation amd such more. Meanwhile a more traditional, lecture-based
teaching style might result in lower engagement. The relationship between
teaching style and student engagement, educators can make informed decisions
about how to structure their lessons to better meet the needs of their students.
(Jiang & Zhang 2021)

The way a teacher interacts with a student, creating learning activities, and
manages the classroom an can highly impact student engagement, motivation,
and their learning outcomes. This critical role of teaching style, is the main type
or is a common teaching style often used by teachers, its method is to understand
and refine their approaches to teaching. It is a widely used teaching style that’s is
one the main spectrum in Mosston's Spectrum of Teaching Styles. This model,
developed by Dr. Miles Mosston, present 11 distinct teaching styles, ranging
from a completely teacher-centered approach to a completely student-centered
approach. This spectrum provides a valuable aspect for educators to understand
the diverse range of teaching approaches available and to select the most
appropriate style for different learning contexts and student needs. (Neu & Liu,
2023)

The speech style within a teacher's teaching style is also a very important
aspect. When it comes to students' results, it is shown that only half of it is
effective, according to research. For example, if a teacher has a monotone
speech style, it might not capture students' attention as effectively than a more
animated and engaging tone of voice. A teacher who speaks too quickly could
leave some students confused, while speaking too slowly might cause others to
lose interest. The clarity of speech is also crucial. If a teacher mumbles or uses
complex method of explanation, students may struggle to understand the lesson.
(Amiruddin 2022)

The role of teachers extends far beyond the mere transmission of

knowledge and skills. Educators are entrusted with the vital task of shaping
young minds, nurturing their intellectual development, and fostering their
character. This responsibility demands a profound understanding of the factors
that influence teacher performance and ultimately impact student success. This
study delves into the complex interplay of internal and external factors that
influence teacher performance in guiding students towards a higher level of
education. It examines the impact of locus of control, leadership style,
environmental factors, and work motivation. The study employed a rigorous
methodology to analyze the relationships between these factors and teacher
performance. The results highlighted several key findings: a direct impact of
locus of control, leadership style, and environmental factors on teachers' work
motivation; and a direct effect of locus of control, environmental factors, and
work motivation on teacher performance. (Virgana & Lapasau 2024 )

A study has shown that the importance of recognizing and valuing the
diverse learning styles of students and incorporating a range of instructional
strategies to meet the students needs. Multiple Learning Model, is a method
where teachers create a more inclusive and effective learning environment,
which allows students to engage actively, process information effectively, and
achieve their full learning potential. Furthermore, the study's findings has an
important and valuable insight for teacher educators. Multiple Learning Model
understands the learning preferences of aspiring teachers, which guides the
development of a more effective teacher training programs that incorporates a
range of teaching styles and instructional approaches. This can contribute to the
development of more skilled and adaptable educators who can effectively cater
to the diverse learning needs of their future students. (Türker et al 2023 )

It has been discovered that there is a relationship between a teacher's

attitude and students' engagement and understanding. When a teacher is more
caring and sharing, students are more likely to engage and comprehend the
teacher's teaching methods. Creating a positive and healthy learning is extremely
important for students' academic success. For example, a teacher who shows
concern for students' well-being and progress can build a strong relationship
with them. This makes students more receptive to the learning process. They are
more likely to participate actively in class, ask questions, and seek clarification.
A sharing teacher who provides additional resources or shares personal
experiences related to the subject matter can enhance students' understanding.
(Lan 2024)

Another research that was carried out showed results suggesting that
teachers often develop a student-teacher approach, while experienced teachers
have a more unique method. This implies that the number of years a teacher has
been in the profession can also vary or determine how it could impact the
students' learning and understanding. For example, a "novice" teacher might be
more focused on following the textbook and delivering the content in a
traditional way. Meanwhile, an experienced teacher might have a deeper
understanding of the subject matter and be able to present it in a more engaging
and meaningful way. They might be more flexible in their teaching methods and
be able to adapt to the needs of different students. (Mukenge 2019)

DV: THE ACADEMIC SCORE

The goal of every educator is to develop the students growth, enhancing

their abilities and knowledge to preparen them for a successful transition into
adulthood. To achieve this objective, a deep understanding of student
achievement and the factors that influence student progress is essential for any
aspiring or educator. Student achievement measures the students academic skills
and potential. This knowledge and skills is not an important part, but rather a
dynamic process influenced by a complex interplay of factors. Each grade level
is guided by specific learning goals, commonly referred to as instructional
standards, which educators are mandated to teach and assess. These standards
represent the knowledge and skills that students are expected to acquire at each
stage of their educational journey. (Gupta 2017)

A teacher who is able to create a positive and engaging learning

environment is more likely to inspire students to learn and to develop a love for
learning. By using a variety of teaching methods and strategies, it can help
improve student engagement and learning outcomes. Additionally, a teacher who
is able to build a good relationship with their students is more likely to be able to
understand their students' needs and to provide them with the support and
guidance they need to succeed.(Oryang & Scharber 2017)

The choices of instructional strategy is a critical decision for educators, as

different strategies are better suited for different learning objectives, areas, and
student demographics. A teacher might emply a highly structured, direct
instruction approach when introducing a new concept or skill to students.
Meanwhile a more student-centered, inquiry-based approach might be more
appropriate for critical thinking and problem-solving skills. In some cases, a
blended approach, combining elements of different strategies, might be the most
effective way to address the diversity of needs in the classroom. (Cooper &
Ozansoy, 2022)

Countless studies have demonstrated a strong correlation between

qualified teachers and enhanced student achievement, often surpassing the
influence of other factors like socioeconomic background or school resources.
However, while the positive impact of teacher quality is readily acknowledged,
there is more a deeper understanding of what a "quality teaching" and how to
effectively measure teacher quality remains a subject of ongoing debate and
research. (Engida et al., 2024)

The data collected in here, was analyzed based on descriptive statistics.

The findings reveal that student participants had more than one preferred
learning styles. They preferred a more Kinesthetic, Group, and Audio learning
styles. For them, learning through doing, learning and working together with
classmates, doing or resolving challenging tasks as well as listening to teachers
and someone’s instructions through interaction made them learn more
effectively. The study also finds that mismatches in styles between teachers’
teaching styles and students’ learning style preferences do exist in four out of the
five sampled schools. Teachers prefer a Visual method of teaching style, they
favor writing things on board, asking students to read from textbooks, provide
activities that make students read rather than listen to instructions, meanwhile
students are likely not to prefer the Visual learning style. (Sengsouliya et al.,
2021)
 A study examined the influence of teaching style on student participation
in classrooms The study focused on the impact of various teaching styles on
three key dimensions of student participation: cognitive engagement through a
process of active thinking and processing of information, behavioral engagement
and active participation and involvement in classroom activities including the
emotional engagement. The results revealed a significant relationship between
teaching style and overall student participation, confirming that the way a
teacher interacts with students and structures learning activities has a tangible
impact on their engagement in the classroom. However, the study has a deeper,
exploration on the effects of various teaching styles on different aspects of
student participation, using regression analysis to identify statistically significant
relationships. (Wang et al 2023)

A comprehensive study investigating the relationship between teaching

styles and high school students' English learning engagement revealed a
significant positive correlation between diverse teaching approaches and student
motivation. The research sought to understand how different teaching styles
influence students' engagement, enthusiasm, and willingness to learn English.
The study found that the degree of students' English learning motivation was
most significantly influenced by the teacher's demonstration of two key
qualities: caring and sharing, and rigor and logic. Teachers who exhibited a high
degree of caring and sharing, demonstrating genuine concern for their students'
well-being and creating a sense of community within the classroom, were found
to significantly impact student energy and enthusiasm. Students felt valued,
supported, and empowered to take risks, ask questions, and participate actively
in the learning process. (Lan 2024)

It has been observed that a teacher's teaching style can be either highly
effective or not, and this can depend on gender. Teacher-student relationships
can have a significant and negative association with gender, as well as
differences in the classroom and overall. It has been found that males are more
likely to use and understand different strategies in the classroom compared to
females. For example, a teaching style that is more interactive might be more
effective for male students, while a more structured and lecture-based style
might work better for female students. However, this is not always the case, and
it is important for most teachers to be aware of the individual needs and learning
styles of their students, regardless of the students gender. (Gao 2024)

From the study collected data using the Grasha and Reichmann's Teaching
Style Survey, which classifies instructors based on their pedagogical approaches.
The findings revealed a dominant preference for visual learning among the
student population. Students indicated a strong inclination towards visual
learning strategies, such as diagrams, charts, and presentations, as primary
means of processing and retaining information. This preference aligns with the
nature of programming, which often relies on visual representations of code,
algorithms, and data structures. (Chetty et al., 2019)

Each student has a unique ability and a similar set of characteristics. This
shows that teachers must focus properly on students' understanding of the lesson
being taught so that they can adapt. By doing this, teachers can make
adjustments according to the students preferences and comprehension level of
the students. This also includes the teacher's voice , the tone and emphasis by the
teacher can have a huge impact on the students' learning style. For example, if a
student has a slower learning pace, the teacher might need to speak more slowly
and clearly. They could also repeat the important points more often to ensure
that the student understands. If a student is more visual, the teacher might use
gestures or visual aids to enhance the learning experience. (Megasari,Arafat &
Yan 2019)

It has been found that Good teaching strategies may not only influence the
students in their learning and academic results but that also promotes the
teachers idea and learning style for teaching. The study results have concluded
an investigation about the four popular teaching strategies, namely, feedback,
scaffolding, active learning, and collaborating, to students’ engagement in
learning and teachers’ The study conducted a survey and quantitative-like
design. Which surveyed over 208 Australian primary school teachers through a
five-point Likert-scale questionnaire. Which concludes the survey that while
feedback, scaffolding, and active learning strategies are all positively contributed
to teachers’ self-concept, collaborating and neither any predicted students,
engagement and not even teachers’ self-concept. Its been only shown that
scaffolding had a positive and high rank to the students’ engagement, implying
that scaffolding may be the best strategy among the four teaching strategies to
engage primary students. (Han 2021)

The teachers interaction is also apart of the teachers teaching style, as it

highlights and shows their care and well-being of the students. Throughhout
each classroom, the teacher shows a different treatement and type of interaction
to individual students. Teachers who are more likely to show, direct and give
more feedback and attention to their low-expection students to level-up and
boost their academic motivation, meanwhile the more academically smart
students have a higher expection and relationship between the teacher (Denessen
et al., 2020)

Modern teaching styles and methods can benift the students academic and
understanding, allowing them to comprehend, understand and collaborate with
other classmates. A Collaborative learning style has a positive impact on the
results of the students, through enhancing their confidence, learning abilities,
and social interactions. It fostered teamwork and enjoyment, which contributed
to the development of higher-order thinking skills. Additionally, it brings out a
sense of community and shared responsibility, allowing students to express
individual viewpoints and improve critical thinking and communication skills.
(Divina et al., 2023)

IV AND DV

This study shows that the findings show that facilitator and delegator
teaching styles, which emphasize active, student-centered learning, significantly
improve academic performance, while more authoritative styles have a
comparatively lower impact. Additionally, the study reveals This means that the
teachers teaching style has an effect to the students academic perfoamnce. The
significance of the relationship between teaching styles and academic
performance is confirmed by the t-test, with a P-value of 0.05, showing that male
and female students perceive teaching styles differently. The explanatory
variables accounted for 57% of the variation in the dependent variable, student
academic performance. These findings provide valuable insights for educators
and policymakers, highlighting the importance of adopting interactive teaching
methods and region-specific strategies to enhance student outcomes and promote
equitable education. (Jan, 2024)

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