Topic : Trigonometry

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1.
B

A'

20

55°
A 20 C B'

In triangle ABC, BAˆ C = 90°, BCˆ A = 55° and AC = 20 cm.

The triangle initially stood with AC on a horizontal surface.
It was then rotated about the point C onto triangle A'B'C, where ACB' is a straight line.

Calculate

(i) the length of BC,

[2]

(ii) the distance AB',

[1]

(iii) the height of A' above CB'.

[2]

2.

A
118°

600

950
B D
42°

1040

In the diagram, the quadrilateral ABCD represents a level park with a path BD.
34. Trigonometry / D 1
 AB = 600 m, BC = 1040 m, BD = 950 m, CBˆ D = 42° and BÂD = 118°.

(a) Calculate

(i) angle ABD,

[4]

(ii) the length of CD,

[4]

(iii) the shortest distance from C to BD.

[2]

(b) A helicopter flew directly above the path BD at a constant height of 500 m.

Calculate the greatest angle of depression of the point C as seen by a passenger on the helicopter.
[2]

3. It is given that OB = 6 cm, AO = 13 cm and PC = 15 cm.

(i) Show that angle OAB = 27.5°, correct to one decimal place.
[1]

(ii) Calculate AC.

[2]

(iii) Calculate CE.

[3]

4.

North
B

72

75° A

60

Three points, A, B and C, lie on a horizontal field.

Angle BAC = 75° and the bearing of C from A is 217°.
AB = 72 m and AC = 60 m.

(a) Calculate

(i) the bearing of B from A,

[1]

(ii) BC,
34. Trigonometry / D 2
 [4]

(iii) angle ABC,

[3]

(iv) the bearing of C from B.

[1]

(b) A girl standing at B is flying a kite.

The kite, K, is vertically above A.
The string, BK, attached to the kite is at 24° to the horizontal.
Calculate the angle of elevation of the kite when viewed from C.
[3]

5. The diagram shows the points A (1, 2), B (4, 6) and D (–5, 2).

B(4,6)

D(–5,2) A(1,2)

0 x

(a) Find the coordinates of the midpoint of AB.

(b) Calculate the length of AB.

(c) Calculate the gradient of the line AB.

(d) Find the equation of the line AB.

(e) The triangle ABC has line of symmetry x = 4.

Find the coordinates of C.

(f) Find the value of cosine DAˆ B.

1
6. [The volume of a cone is ´ base area × height.]
3

[The area of the curved surface of a cone of radius r and slant height l is πrl.]

34. Trigonometry / D 3
 15

A solid cone has a base radius of 8 cm and a height of 15 cm.

Calculate

(i) its volume,

[2]

(ii) its slant height,

[1]

(iii) its curved surface area,

[2]

(iv) its total surface area.

[1]

7. The diagram below represents part of the framework of a ride.

The points A, B, C, D, E and F are on the framework.

The points H, C, G, E and F lie on a horizontal line.
The lines BH and DG are vertical.

BC = 80 m, HC = 60 m, DG = 40 m, GE = 35 m and D Ĉ G = 32°.

A B
D

80

40

32°
H 60 C G 35 E F

Calculate

(i) HCˆ B
[2]

(ii) CD,
[3]

(iii) the angle of depression of E from D.

[2]

8. In the diagram, A and B are two points

on a straight coastline.

B is due east of A and AB = 7 km.

34. Trigonometry / D 4
 North

SEA

A 7 B
LAND
The position of a boat at different times
was noted.

(a) At 8 a.m., the boat was at C, where

ACˆ D = 66° and ABˆ C = 48°.

North C

66°

48°
A 7 B

Calculate

(i) the bearing of B from C,

[1]

(ii) the distance AC.

[3]

(b) At 9 a.m., the boat was at D, where

AD = 6.3 km and DAˆ B 41°.

North D

6.3

41°
A 7 B

Calculate

(i) the area of triangle ADB,

[2]

(ii) the shortest distance from the boat to the coastline.

[2]

(c) At 11 a.m., the boat was at E, where

AE = 9 km and BE = 5 km.

34. Trigonometry / D 5
 E
North

9
5

A 7 B

Calculate the bearing of E from A.

[4]

9.
y
10

A
4

–4 –2 0 2 4 6 8 10 x
C
–2

–4

–6
B

The triangle with vertices A(4, 4), B(–2, –6) and C(4, –1) is shown in the diagram.
Find

(a) (i) the area of ΔABC,

(ii) the coordinates of the point P such that ABCP is a parallelogram,

(iii) the area of the parallelogram ABCP,

(iv) tan BAˆ C .

(b) It is given that the length of BC = k units.

Write down cos BCˆ A , giving your answer in terms of k.

34. Trigonometry / D 6
10.

74

64 53

68°

Q 91 R

The diagram shows a footpath PR across a park PQRS.

PQ = 64 m, PR = 53 m, PS = 74 m and QR = 91 m.
Angle PRS = 68°.

Calculate

(a) QPˆ R , [3]

(b) RPˆ S ,
[3]

(c) the area of triangle PRS.

[2]

11. A vertical flagpole, BF, stands at the top of a hill.

AB is the steepest path up the hill.
N lies vertically below B and ANˆ B = 90°.

AN = 100 m and AB = 104 m.

104

A 100 N

(a) Show that BN = 28.6 m.

[1]

(b) It is given that FAˆ N = 25°.

(i) Write down the size of the angle of depression of A from F.

[1]

(ii) Calculate the height, BF, of the flagpole

34. Trigonometry / D 7
 (c)

28.6

N
104
100
10°

D C 60 A

The diagram shows three other straight paths (CB, DB and ACD) on the hill.

The path ACD is horizontal and BAˆ C = NAˆ C = 90°.

CN and DN are horizontal lines.

(i) Given that AC = 60 m, calculate BCˆ N .

[4]

(ii) Given that BDˆ N = 10°, calculate DBˆ A.

[3]

12. (a)

sin cos

30° 0.5 0.87

60° 0.87 0.5

Using as much information in the table as necessary, evaluate 2sin150°.

(b)

3x + 1 3x

D C x+1 B

In the triangle ABC, ABˆ C = 90°, AB = 3x cm, BC = (x + 1) cm and AC = (3x + 1) cm.

(i) Form an equation in x and show that it reduces to x2 – 4x = 0.

34. Trigonometry / D 8
 (ii) Find the value of x.

(iii) Given that BCD is a straight line, state the numerical value of cos DCˆ A.

13. The diagram represents a framework.

BC = 1.3 m, BD = 1.9 m and BE = 1.5 m.

BCˆ D = 76°, BAˆ E = 68° and BEˆ D = 90°.

C
1.3 76°
B

1.9
1.5

68°
A E D

Calculate

(a) D B̂ E,
[2]

(b) AE,
[2]

(c) B D̂ C.
[3]

14.

45

D
N 30
B
61 41°
A1

Diagram I

34. Trigonometry / D 9
 In the Diagram I, the point D lies on AC and N is the foot of the perpendicular from C to BD.
AB = 61 m, AD = 30 m and DC = 45 m.
Angle BAC = 41°.

(a) Calculate BD.

[4]

(b) Show that, correct to the nearest square metre, the area of triangle BDA is 600 m2.
[2]

area of DBCD 3
(c) Explain why = .
area of DBDA 2
[1]

(d) Calculate the area of triangle BCD.

[1]

(e) Hence calculate CN.

[2]

(f)

15

B N D

Diagram II

The same points B, C, D and N lie on a sloping plane.

The point E is 15 m vertically below C.
The points B, E, D and N lie on a horizontal plane.
Diagram II represents this information.
Calculate the angle of elevation of C from N.
[2]

15. In the diagram, the circle, centre O, passes

through A, B and C.
AC is a diameter of the circle and the line
TAS is the tangent at A.
Ð ACB = 34°, TA = 3 cm and TC = 5 cm.

(a) Find Ð BAC.

(b) Calculate the radius of the circle.

34. Trigonometry / D 10
 C

34°

5 O

T 3 A S

16.

65

C 200 B

From the top of a vertical tower, AB, an observer sees a car at C.

AB = 65 m and CB = 200 m.

Calculate CAˆ B .
[2]

17.

R N

750
300

P S

The diagram shows three positions at sea, R, P and S.

R is due north of P and S is due east of P.
RP = 300 m and RS = 750 m.

(i) A boat sailed at a constant speed of 5 km/h from R to S.

It was at R at 22 56.

Find the time it reached S.

[3]

(ii) Calculate the bearing of S from R.

[3]

18.

34. Trigonometry / D 11
 C

B
20
24 112°
16

A D

The points A, B, C and D represent four towns on a map.

ABC is a straight line.
AB = 24 cm, BD = 16 cm and CD = 20 cm.
Angle ABD = 112°.

(a) Calculate

(i) AD,

(ii) angle BCD,

(iii) the area of triangle ABD.

(b) The scale of the map is 1 : 250 000.

Calculate the actual distance, in kilometres, from town A to town B.

[1]

19.

5
sin θ
13
12
cos θ
13
5
tan θ
12

ABCD is a rectangle with BC = 10 cm.

Using as much information from the table as is necessary, calculate BD.

20. A flagpole, represented by TP in the diagrams below, is hinged at the point P.

It is raised by using two ropes.
Each rope is fastened to the top of the flagpole and the ropes are held at A and B.
The points A, P, B and T are in a vertical plane with A, P and B on horizontal ground.
TP = 15 m, AP = 23 m and BP = 12 m.

34. Trigonometry / D 12
 (i) When ATˆP = 90°, calculate TPˆ A.

[2]

(ii) When TBˆ P = 37°, calculate BPˆ T .

[3]

(iii) When the flagpole is vertical,

calculate the angle of elevation of
the top of the flagpole from A.
T

15

A B
23 P 12
[2]

21.

B
North

A
2.8
115°
L
4.5

42°
H
34. Trigonometry / D 13
 The diagram shows the positions of a harbour, H, a lighthouse, L, and two buoys A and B.
HAB is a straight line.
The bearing of A from H is 042°.HAˆ L
HA = 4.5 km, AL = 2.8 km and = 115°.

(a) Find the bearing of

(i) H from A,
[1]

(ii) L from A.
[1]

(b) Calculate

(i) HL,
[4]

(ii) the area of triangle HAL.

[2]

(c) A boat sailed from the harbour along the line HAB.

(i) Calculate the shortest distance between the boat and the lighthouse.
[2]

(ii) The boat sailed at a constant speed of 3 m/s.

Given that the boat reached A at 07 15, find at what time it left the harbour.
[2]

22. (a)

ABC and EFGH are parallel lines.

The line DI intersects AC at B and EH at F.
FIˆG = 68° and FG = GI.

Find

(i) BFˆG,

(ii) FGˆ I ,

(iii) DBˆ A.

34. Trigonometry / D 14
 (b)

PQRS is a trapezium.
PS = QR = 5 cm, PQ = 16 cm and SR = 10 cm.
Find the area of the trapezium.

23. Eight straight paths in a level garden form this shape with rotational symmetry of order four.

(a)

The two paths shown, AB and BC, form part of the isosceles triangle ABC.
AC = 10 m and angle BAC = 65°.

Calculate

(i) the length of the path AB,

[2]

(ii) the area of triangle ABC,

[2]

(iii) the area of garden enclosed by all 8 paths.

[2]

(b)

34. Trigonometry / D 15
 Ada walked along the paths BC and CD.

(i) Calculate BCˆ D. [2]

(ii) After walking in the direction BC, Ada turned to walk in the direction CD.

State the value of the angle through which she turned.

[1]

24.

C is a point on a slope with highest point B, where CB = 10 m.

A vertical mast, AB, of height 15 m stands at B and ABˆ C = 105°.
AC is one of the wires that supports the mast.

(a) (i) Write down the angle between CB and the horizontal.
[1]

(ii) Calculate the length of the wire AC.

[4]

(b)

34. Trigonometry / D 16
 A

15
30

105°
B

D is another point further down the slope.

AD is another supporting wire.

Given that AD = 30 m, calculate ADˆ B.

[3

(c)

The points B, E and F are on horizontal ground at the top of the slope.
The mast is supported by another wire AF.
BEˆ F = 90°, AF = 27 m and BE = 20 m.

Calculate

(i) EF,
[2]

(ii) the angle of elevation of the top of the mast from F.

[2]

25.

34. Trigonometry / D 17
 A 30
F

G
13
5
30
D E

15

B C

ABCDEF represents an L-shaped piece of glass with AB = AF = 30 cm and CD = 15 cm.

The glass is cut to fit the window in a door and the shaded triangle DEG is removed.
DG = 13 cm and EG = 5 cm.

(a) Show that DE = 12 cm.

(b) For the remaining piece of glass ABCDGF, find

(i) its perimeter,

[2]

(ii) its area.

[2]

(c) State the value of cos DGˆ F .

[1

26. (a) A heavy ball hangs from a point P,

11 m above horizontal ground, by means
of a thin wire.

The point D is on the ground vertically below P.

The point B is on the ground 4 m from D.

11

D B
4

(i) Calculate the angle of elevation of P from B.

34. Trigonometry / D 18
 P

28°
11
X

D B
4
[2]

(ii) The ball swings, with the wire straight,

in the vertical plane PDB.

When the ball is at X, directly above B,

DPˆ X = 28°.

Calculate

(a) PX,
[2]

(b) XB.
[3]

4 3
(b) [The volume of a sphere is π r .]
3

The ball is a sphere of volume 96 cm3.

Calculate its radius.

[2]

27.

35

A B
A B O 9
220°

A solid cylinder, made from a type of wood, floats in water.

The shaded region represents part of the surface of the cylinder that is in contact with the water.
The right hand diagram shows the circular cross-section of one end.
The centre of the circle is O and the water level reaches the points A and B on the circumference.
Reflex angle AOB = 220°.
The cylinder has radius 9 cm and length 35 cm.

Calculate

(i) the area of the curved surface of the cylinder that is in contact with the water,
[2]

34. Trigonometry / D 19
 (ii) the surface area of one end of the cylinder that is in contact with the water,
[4]

(iii) the distance between the water level AB and the top of the cylinder.
[2]

28.

A
114°

38°
B D
17

9 10

In the diagram, BD = 17 cm, CD = 10 cm, BC = 9 cm, BAˆ D = 114° and ABˆ D = 38°.

Calculate

(i) AD,
[3]

(ii) BCˆ D.
[3]

34. Trigonometry / D 20