Bansilal Ramnath Agarwal Charitable Trust’s

Vishwakarma Institute of Information Technology

Department of Computer Engineering
Advanced Data Structure (PBL)
Algorithm / Technology Background Study Report
Class: SY Div:B
Title : Toll Tax Management.
Proposed Algorithm: Advanced Queues.
Domain : Administration Collection.

Rollno. Prn no. Name

222076. 22311971 Soham verma

Study Report
A queue data structure operates on the principle of First In, First Out (FIFO), where elements
are inserted at the rear and removed from the front. This linear structure is ideal for scenarios
requiring sequential processing, such as task scheduling or buffering. The algorithm behind a
queue ensures that the earliest added element is processed first, maintaining a strict order that
mimics real-world queues.[1].

An advanced queue algorithm might involve dynamic prioritization, where elements are
reordered based on real-time conditions or weighted factors. This could incorporate multi-
level feedback queues, where tasks adjust their priority through various stages based on
execution history and resource needs.[2].

An advanced queue algorithm leverages adaptive techniques to dynamically reorder tasks

based on fluctuating priorities, system load, and resource availability. Unlike static priority
queues, these algorithms integrate real-time feedback mechanisms, allowing tasks to escalate
or de-escalate in priority as they move through various levels of the queue.[3].

Such algorithms often incorporate elements of multi-level feedback queues, where tasks
adaptively shift between priority levels based on their execution history and
requireprocessing time. By doing so, they provide a more efficient and intelligent way to
manage complex workloads in environments ranging from real-time systems to distributed
computing.[4].
Managing toll tax collections for vehicles traveling between different states is a complex task
that involves calculating toll charges based on journey details, vehicle types, and payment
processing. Traditionally, this process is manual, leading to inefficiencies, delays, and the
possibility of errors. [5].

The "Online Toll Tax Management System" is a web-based application developed using
HTML,CSS and queue algorithm(backend), designed to calculate and manage toll taxes for
vehicles traveling between different location in India..[6].

The system effectively uses an in-memory queue for managing journey data, with potential
future enhancements including database integration, payment gateway support, and user
authentication. This project provides a streamlined and efficient approach to managing toll
taxes online, offering a clear framework for further development.[7].

The algorithm for the "Online Toll Tax Management System" begins with the user inputting
journey details through a form that includes dropdowns for selecting the starting and ending
locations, vehicle type, and a numeric input for the number of wheels. Upon submission, the
backend captures this data and enqueues it into an in-memory queue.[8].

Through the use of image processing and template matching, the project captures and
processes vehicle details to automate toll collection. It improves performance by efficiently
managing and classifying cars using data structures like queues. With SQLite's real-time data
management capabilities, precise record-keeping is ensured.[9].

The proposed system uses RFID technology for effective toll tax collection, with active RFID
tags affixed on car windshields that are scanned by RFID readers at toll booths. This allows
for automatic toll payment, which reduces road congestion and human errors. The system
also increases security by blacklisting stolen vehicles using RFID tag identification, allowing
authorities to track and manage toll data.[10].

The system uses GSM for transaction data and RFID for vehicle identification, in line with
modern toll collection methods. Efficiency is increased by using SQLite for real-time data
management and incorporating a dequeue method for dynamic queue handling. The
architecture makes use of IR sensors, RFID readers, and GSM technology to provide
automated functions.[11]

Handled toll collection delays on toll roads counteract fast mobility. Traffic congestion are
caused by the current payment mechanisms, which require automobiles to stop. Using
VANET technology, a proposed workaround allows private blinded currency toll payments
while traveling. This technique maintains confidentiality and privacy while increasing
network throughput by reducing the need for stops.[12].

In a propriety queue, different type of items arrive at the service mechanism and each item
has a relative priority for order of services. It has two types , "head-of-the-line" discipline and
the "preemitive" discipline. Both of these allows some resume services. A priority queue with
an indifferent server is considered as a special case of the preemitive discipline. The "head-
of-the-line" service allows to put the new item in front of any low priority item. [13].

With effective packet-scheduling mechanisms, modern integrated networks can support the
diverse quality-of-service requirements of emerging applications. However, arbitrating
between a large number of small packets on a high-speed link requires an efficient hardware
implementation of a priority queue.[14].

The effect of tax administration on the revenue generated by local government cannot be
overemphasized and assuch the current tax system should be checked and all loopholes
should be checked and look into to bring about a better tax administration in Lagos state.
Effective tax administration designed to enhance revenue generation requires both the
commitment of government and time.[15].

Processes that contain repetitive and well-defined steps are more suitable for robotic process
automation (RPA) than others. Many financial processes such as quarterly reports and
balance sheet preparation fall into this category. Also, these processes are voluminous,
making the benefits of RPA even more recognizable.[16].

References .
[1]. Silberschatz, A., Galvin, P. B., & Gagne, G. (2018). Operating System Concepts (10th ed.).
Wiley.

[2]. Jain, R. (1991). The Art of Computer Systems Performance Analysis: Techniques for
Experimental Design, Measurement, Simulation, and Modeling. Wiley.

[3]. Liu, J. W. S. (2000). Real-Time Systems. Pearson.

[4]. Silberschatz, A., Galvin, P. B., & Gagne, G. (2018). Operating System Concepts
(10th ed.). Wiley.

[5]. Kumar, S., & Gupta, R. (2018). Design and implementation of an automated toll collection system
using RFID technology. International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science.

[6]. Patel, D., & Shah, M. (2017). Development of a web-based toll management system using
modern web technologies. Journal of Web Development and Technologies, 12(4), 89-95.

[7]. Singh, V., & Kaur, P. (2020). Optimizing toll collection using queue data structures: A
comparative study. Journal of Algorithms and Computational Technology, 14(1), 32-40.

[8]. Rao, S., & Das, M. (2019). Implementing a secure online toll payment system using blockchain
technology. International Journal of Computer Applications, 178(7), 20-25.
[9]. Soomro, S. R., Javed, M. A., & Memon, F. A. (2012, October). Vehicle number recognition
system for automatic toll tax collection. In 2012 international conference of robotics and artificial
intelligence (pp. 125-129). IEEE.

[10]. Kulkarni, S., Kulkarni, S., & Kasture, K. (2016). Electronic toll tax collection and security system.
Int J Eng Tech Res (IJETR), 4(1), 2454-4698.

[11]. Nandhini, S., & Premkumar, P. (2014). Automatic toll gate system using advanced RFID and
GSM technology. International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and
Instrumentation Engineering, 3(5), 13002-13007.

[12]. Chaurasia, B. K., & Verma, S. (2014). Secure pay while on move toll collection using VANET.
computer Standards & interfaces, 36(2), 403-411.

[13]. van Emde Boas, P., Kaas, R., & Zijlstra, E. (1976). Design and implementation of an efficient
priority queue. Mathematical systems theory, 10(1), 99-127.

[14]. Sung-Whan Moon, J. Rexford and K. G. Shin, "Scalable hardware priority queue architectures
for high-speed packet switches," in IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol. 49, no. 11, pp. 1215-1227.

[15]. Enahoro, J. A., & Olabisi, J. (2012). Tax administration and revenue generation of Lagos State
Government, Nigeria. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 3(5), 133-139.

[16]. Doguc, O. (2021). Applications of robotic process automation in finance and accounting.
Beykent Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 14(1), 51-59.