Machine learning

 It is an algorithm that has ability to learn from Data

pattern.
 Machine learning is a branch of artificial intelligence (AI)
and computer science which focuses on the use of data
and algorithms to imitate the way that humans learn,
gradually improving its accuracy.
 It refers to an AI System. That can be self-learned based
on the algorithm.
 System that gets smarter and smarter overtime without
human interaction is machine learning.
 Machine learning (ML) is a type of artificial intelligence
(AI) that allows software applications to become more
accurate at predicting outcomes without being explicitly
programmed to do so. Machine learning algorithms use
historical data as input to predict new output values.
 Machine learning is an important component of the
growing field of data science. Through the use of
statistical methods, algorithms are trained to make
classifications or predictions,
 Examples: Google photos, Google voices, self-driving
cars, Amazon Alexa.

Why is machine learning important?

Machine learning is important because it gives enterprises a
view of trends in customer behavior and business
operational patterns, as well as supports the development
of new products. Many of today's leading companies, such as
Facebook, Google and Uber, make machine learning a
central part of their operations. Machine learning has
become a significant competitive differentiator for many
companies.

The machine learning field is continuously evolving. And

along with evolution comes a rise in demand and
importance. There is one crucial reason why data scientists
need machine learning, and that is: ‘High-value predictions
that can guide better decisions and smart actions in real-
time without human intervention.’

Who's using machine learning and what's it used for?

Today, machine learning is used in a wide range of
applications. Perhaps one of the most well-known examples
of machine learning in action is the recommendation
engine that powers Facebook's news feed.

Facebook uses machine learning to personalize how each

member's feed is delivered. If a member frequently stops to
read a particular group's posts, the recommendation engine
will start to show more of that group's activity earlier in the
feed.In addition to recommendation engines, other uses for
machine learning include the following:

 Customer relationship management. CRM software can

use machine learning models to analyze email and prompt
sales team members to respond to the most important
messages first. More advanced systems can even
recommend potentially effective responses.
 Business intelligence. BI and analytics vendors use
machine learning in their software to identify potentially
 important data points, patterns of data points and
anomalies.
 Human resource information systems. HRIS systems can
use machine learning models to filter through applications
and identify the best candidates for an open position.
 Self-driving cars. Machine learning algorithms can even
make it possible for a semi-autonomous car to recognize a
partially visible object and alert the driver.
 Virtual assistants. Smart assistants typically combine
supervised and unsupervised machine learning models to
interpret natural speech and supply context.
 Features of Machine Learning:
o Machine learning uses data to detect various patterns in

a given dataset.
o It can learn from past data and improve automatically.

o It is a data-driven technology.

o Machine learning is much similar to data mining as it

also deals with the huge amount of the data.

o Rapid increment in the production of data

o Solving complex problems, which are difficult for a

human
o Decision making in various sector including finance

o Finding hidden patterns and extracting useful

information from data.
Applications of Machine learning
Machine learning is a buzzword for today's technology, and it
is growing very rapidly day by day. We are using machine
learning in our daily life even without knowing it such as
Google Maps, Google assistant, Alexa, etc. Below are some
most trending real-world applications of Machine Learning:
1. Image Recognition:
Image recognition is one of the most common applications of
machine learning. It is used to identify objects, persons,
places, digital images, etc. The popular use case of image
recognition and face detection is, Automatic friend tagging
suggestion:
Facebook provides us a feature of auto friend tagging
suggestion. Whenever we upload a photo with our Facebook
friends, then we automatically get a tagging suggestion with
name, and the technology behind this is machine
learning's face detection and recognition algorithm.
It is based on the Facebook project named "Deep Face,"
which is responsible for face recognition and person
identification in the picture.
2. Speech Recognition
While using Google, we get an option of "Search by voice," it
comes under speech recognition, and it's a popular
application of machine learning.
Speech recognition is a process of converting voice
instructions into text, and it is also known as "Speech to
text", or "Computer speech recognition." At present,
machine learning algorithms are widely used by various
applications of speech recognition. Google
assistant, Siri, Cortana, and Alexa are using speech
recognition technology to follow the voice instructions.
3. Traffic prediction:
If we want to visit a new place, we take help of Google Maps,
which shows us the correct path with the shortest route and
predicts the traffic conditions.
It predicts the traffic conditions such as whether traffic is
cleared, slow-moving, or heavily congested with the help of
two ways:
o Real Time location of the vehicle form Google Map app

and sensors
o Average time has taken on past days at the same time.

Everyone who is using Google Map is helping this app to

make it better. It takes information from the user and sends
back to its database to improve the performance.

4. Product recommendations:
Machine learning is widely used by various e-commerce and
entertainment companies such as Amazon, Netflix, etc., for
product recommendation to the user. Whenever we search
for some product on Amazon, then we started getting an
advertisement for the same product while internet surfing on
the same browser and this is because of machine learning.
Google understands the user interest using various machine
learning algorithms and suggests the product as per
customer interest.
As similar, when we use Netflix, we find some
recommendations for entertainment series, movies, etc., and
this is also done with the help of machine learning.
5. Self-driving cars:
One of the most exciting applications of machine learning is
self-driving cars. Machine learning plays a significant role in
self-driving cars. Tesla, the most popular car manufacturing
company is working on self-driving car. It is using
unsupervised learning method to train the car models to
detect people and objects while driving.
6. Email Spam and Malware Filtering:
Whenever we receive a new email, it is filtered automatically
as important, normal, and spam. We always receive an
important mail in our inbox with the important symbol and
spam emails in our spam box, and the technology behind this
is Machine learning. Below are some spam filters used by
Gmail:
o Content Filter

o Header filter

o General blacklists filter

o Rules-based filters

o Permission filters

Some machine learning algorithms such as Multi-Layer

Perceptron, Decision tree, and Naïve Bayes classifier are used
for email spam filtering and malware detection.
7. Virtual Personal Assistant:
We have various virtual personal assistants such as Google
assistant, Alexa, Cortana, Siri. As the name suggests, they
help us in finding the information using our voice instruction.
These assistants can help us in various ways just by our voice
instructions such as Play music, call someone, Open an email,
Scheduling an appointment, etc.
These virtual assistants use machine learning algorithms as
an important part.
8. Online Fraud Detection:
Machine learning is making our online transaction safe and
secure by detecting fraud transaction. Whenever we perform
some online transaction, there may be various ways that a
fraudulent transaction can take place such as fake
accounts, fake ids, and steal money in the middle of a
transaction. So to detect this, Feed Forward Neural
network helps us by checking whether it is a genuine
transaction or a fraud transaction.
9. Stock Market trading:
Machine learning is widely used in stock market trading. In
the stock market, there is always a risk of up and downs in
shares, so for this machine learning's long short term
memory neural network is used for the prediction of stock
market trends.
10. Medical Diagnosis:
In medical science, machine learning is used for diseases
diagnoses. With this, medical technology is growing very fast
and able to build 3D models that can predict the exact
position of lesions in the brain.
It helps in finding brain tumors and other brain-related
diseases easily.
11. Automatic Language Translation:
Nowadays, if we visit a new place and we are not aware of
the language then it is not a problem at all, as for this also
machine learning helps us by converting the text into our
known languages. Google's GNMT (Google Neural Machine
Translation) provide this feature, which is a Neural Machine
Learning that translates the text into our familiar language,
and it called as automatic translation.
Machine learning Life cycle
Machine learning has given the computer systems the
abilities to automatically learn without being explicitly
programmed. But how does a machine learning system
work? So, it can be described using the life cycle of machine
learning. Machine learning life cycle is a cyclic process to
build an efficient machine learning project. The main purpose
of the life cycle is to find a solution to the problem or project.
Machine learning life cycle involves seven major
steps, which are given below:
o Gathering Data

o Data preparation

o Data Wrangling

o Analyse Data

o Train the model

o Test the model

o Deployment
1. Gathering Data:
Data Gathering is the first step of the machine
learning life cycle. The goal of this step is to
identify and obtain all data-related problems.
In this step, we need to identify the different data
sources, as data can be collected from various
sources such as files, database, internet,
or mobile devices. It is one of the most
important steps of the life cycle. The quantity
and quality of the collected data will determine
the efficiency of the output. The more will be the
data, the more accurate will be the prediction.
This step includes the below tasks:
o Identify various data sources

o Collect data

o Integrate the data obtained from

different sources
By performing the above task, we get a coherent
set of data, also called as a dataset. It will be
used in further steps.
2. Data preparation
After collecting the data, we need to prepare it
for further steps. Data preparation is a step
where we put our data into a suitable place and
prepare it to use in our machine learning
training.
In this step, first, we put all data together, and
then randomize the ordering of data.
This step can be further divided into two
processes:
o Dataexploration:

It is used to understand the nature of data

that we have to work with. We need to
understand the characteristics, format, and
quality of data.
A better understanding of data leads to an
effective outcome. In this, we find
Correlations, general trends, and outliers.
o Datapre-processing:

Now the next step is pre-processing of data

for its analysis.

3. Data Wrangling
Data wrangling is the process of cleaning and
converting raw data into a useable format. It is
the process of cleaning the data, selecting the
variable to use, and transforming the data in a
proper format to make it more suitable for
analysis in the next step. It is one of the most
important steps of the complete process.
Cleaning of data is required to address the
quality issues.
It is not necessary that data we have collected is
always of our use as some of the data may not
be useful. In real-world applications, collected
data may have various issues, including:
o Missing Values

o Duplicate data

o Invalid data

o Noise

So, we use various filtering techniques to clean

the data.
It is mandatory to detect and remove the above
issues because it can negatively affect the
quality of the outcome.
4. Data Analysis
Now the cleaned and prepared data is passed on
to the analysis step. This step involves:
o Selection of analytical techniques

o Building models

o Review the result

The aim of this step is to build a machine

learning model to analyze the data using various
analytical techniques and review the outcome. It
starts with the determination of the type of the
problems, where we select the machine learning
techniques such
as Classification, Regression, Cluster
analysis, Association, etc. then build the model
using prepared data, and evaluate the model.
5. Train Model
Now the next step is to train the model, in this
step we train our model to improve its
performance for better outcome of the problem.
We use datasets to train the model using various
machine learning algorithms. Training a model is
required so that it can understand the various
patterns, rules, and, features.
6. Test Model
Once our machine learning model has been
trained on a given dataset, then we test the
model. In this step, we check for the accuracy of
our model by providing a test dataset to it.
Testing the model determines the percentage
accuracy of the model as per the requirement of
project or problem.

7. Deployment
The last step of machine learning life cycle is
deployment, where we deploy the model in the
real-world system.
If the above-prepared model is producing an
accurate result as per our requirement with
acceptable speed, then we deploy the model in
the real system. But before deploying the project,
we will check whether it is improving its
performance using available data or not. The
deployment phase is similar to making the final
report for a project.