A Brief Table of Integrals

Basic Forms

L L
xn + 1
1. k dx = kx + C (any number k) 2. xn dx = + C (n ≠ -1)
n + 1

L L
dx
3. x = ln 0 x 0 + C 4. ex dx = ex + C

L L
ax
5. ax dx = + C (a 7 0, a ≠ 1) 6. sin x dx = -cos x + C
ln a

L L
7. cos x dx = sin x + C 8. sec2 x dx = tan x + C

L L
9. csc2 x dx = -cot x + C 10. sec x tan x dx = sec x + C

L L
11. csc x cot x dx = -csc x + C 12. tan x dx = ln 0 sec x 0 + C

L L
13. cot x dx = ln 0 sin x 0 + C 14. sinh x dx = cosh x + C

L L 2a - x
dx x
15. cosh x dx = sinh x + C 16. 22
= sin-1 a + C

L L x 2x - a
dx 1 x dx 1 x
17. 2 2
= a tan-1 a + C 18. = a sec-1 2 a 2 + C
a + x 2 2

L 2a + x L 2x - a
dx x dx x
19. 22
= sinh-1 a + C (a 7 0) 20. 22
= cosh-1 a + C (x 7 a 7 0)

Forms Involving ax + b
(ax + b)n + 1
L
21. (ax + b)n dx = + C, n ≠ -1
a(n + 1)
(ax + b)n + 1 ax + b
L
b
22. x(ax + b)n dx = c - d + C, n ≠ -1, -2
a2 n + 2 n + 1

L L
1 x b
23. (ax + b)-1 dx = a ln 0 ax + b 0 + C 24. x(ax + b)-1 dx = a - 2 ln  ax + b  + C
a

L L
1 b dx 1 x 2
25. x(ax + b)-2 dx = c ln 0 ax + b 0 + d + C 26. = ln 2 + C
a 2 ax + b x(ax + b) b ax + b

2 1 2ax + b 2
n+2

L L L x 2ax + b
2ax + b dx
27. 1 2ax + b 2 dx = a
n
n + 2
+ C, n ≠ -2 28. x dx = 2 2ax + b + b

T-1

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 T-2 A Brief Table of Integrals

L x 2ax + b L x 2ax - b
dx 1 2ax + b - 2b dx 2 ax - b
29. (a) = ln ` ` + C (b) = tan-1 + C
2b 2ax + b + 2b 2b A b

L 2L x 2ax + b L x2 2ax + b 2bL x 2ax + b

2ax + b 2ax + b a dx dx 2ax + b a dx
30. dx = - + + C 31. = - - + C
x2 x bx

Forms Involving a 2 + x 2

L L (a + x )
dx 1 x dx x 1 x
32. = a tan-1 a + C 33. = + 3 tan-1 a + C
a 2
+ x 2 2 2 2
2a2 ( a2 + x2 ) 2a

L 2a2 + x2
dx x
34. = sinh-1 a + C = ln 1 x + 2a2 + x2 2 + C

L
x a2
35. 2a2 + x2 dx = 2a2 + x2 + ln 1 x + 2a2 + x2 2 + C
2 2

L
x 2 a4
36. x2 2a2 + x2 dx = ( a + 2x2 ) 2a2 + x2 - ln 1 x + 2a2 + x2 2 + C
8 8

L
2a2 + x2 a + 2a2 + x2
37. x dx = 2a2 + x2 - a ln ` x ` + C

L
2a2 + x2 2a2 + x2
38. 2
dx = ln 1 x + 2a2 + x2 2 - x + C
x

L 2a + x
x2 a2 x 2a2 + x2
39. dx = - ln 1 x + 2a2 + x2 2 + + C
22 2 2

L x 2a2 + x2 L x2 2a2 + x2
dx 1 a + 2a2 + x2 dx 2a2 + x2
40. = - a ln ` x ` + C 41. = - + C
a2x

Forms Involving a 2 − x 2

La - x L (a - x )
dx 1 x + a dx x 1 x + a
42. = ln 2 x - a 2 + C 43. = 2 2 + 3 ln 2 x - a 2 + C
2 2 2a 2 2 2
2a ( a - x2 ) 4a

L 2a - x L
dx x x a2 -1 x
44. = sin-1 a + C 45. 2a2 - x2 dx = 2a2 - x2 + sin a + C
2 2 2 2

L
4
a x 1
46. x2 2a2 - x2 dx = sin-1 a - x 2a2 - x2 ( a2 - 2x2 ) + C
8 8

L L
2a2 - x2 a + 2a2 - x2 2a2 - x2 x 2a2 - x2
47. x dx = 2a2 - x2 - a ln ` x ` + C 48. 2
dx = -sin-1 a - x + C
x

L 2a - x L x 2a - x
x2 a2 -1 x 1 dx 1 a + 2a2 - x2
49. dx = sin a - x 2a2 - x2 + C 50. = - a ln ` x ` + C
22 2 2 2 2

L x2 2a2 - x2
dx 2a2 - x2
51. = - + C
a2x

Forms Involving x 2 − a 2

L 2x2 - a2
dx
52. = ln 0 x + 2x2 - a2 0 + C

L
x a2
53. 2x2 - a2 dx = 2x2 - a2 - ln 0 x + 2x2 - a2 0 + C
2 2

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 A Brief Table of Integrals T-3

x1 2x2 - a2 2
n

L n + 1L
na2
54. 1 2x 2
- a 2
2 n
dx =
n + 1
- 1 2x2 - a2 2n - 2 dx, n ≠ -1
x1 2x2 - a2 22 - n
L 1 2x - a 2 L 1 2x - a2 2
dx n - 3 dx
55. 2 n
= 2
- 2 n-2 , n ≠ 2
2 (2 - n)a (n - 2)a 2

1 2x2 - a2 2n + 2
L
56. x1 2x2 - a2 2n dx = + C, n ≠ -2
n + 2

L
4
x
57. x2 2x2 - a2 dx =
8
( 2x2 - a2 ) 2x2 - a2 - a8 ln 0 x + 2x2 - a2 0 + C

L
2x2 - a2 x
58. x dx = 2x2 - a2 - a sec-1 ` a ` + C

L
2x2 - a2 2x2 - a2
59. 2
dx = ln 0 x + 2x2 - a2 0 - x + C
x

L 2x - a
x2 a2 x
60. dx = ln 0 x + 2x2 - a2 0 + 2x2 - a2 + C
2 2 2 2

L x 2x - a L x2 2x2 - a2
dx 1 x 1 a dx 2x2 - a2
61. = a sec-1 ` a ` + C = a cos-1 ` x ` + C 62. = + C
2 2 a2x

Trigonometric Forms

L L
1 1
63. sin ax dx = - a cos ax + C 64. cos ax dx = a sin ax + C

L L
x sin 2ax x sin 2ax
65. sin2 ax dx = - + C 66. cos2 ax dx = + + C
2 4a 2 4a

L L
n-1
sin ax cos ax n - 1
67. sinn ax dx = - na + n sinn - 2 ax dx

L L
cosn - 1 ax sin ax n - 1
68. cosn ax dx = na + n cosn - 2 ax dx

cos(a + b)x cos(a - b)x

L
69. (a) sin ax cos bx dx = - - + C, a2 ≠ b2
2(a + b) 2(a - b)
sin(a - b)x sin(a + b)x
L
(b) sin ax sin bx dx = - + C, a2 ≠ b2
2(a - b) 2(a + b)

sin(a - b)x sin(a + b)x

L
(c) cos ax cos bx dx = + + C, a2 ≠ b2
2(a - b) 2(a + b)

L L
cos 2ax sinn + 1 ax
70. sin ax cos ax dx = - + C 71. sinn ax cos ax dx = + C, n ≠ -1
4a (n + 1)a

L sin ax L
cos ax 1 cosn + 1 ax
72. dx = a ln  sin ax  + C 73. cosn ax sin ax dx = - + C, n ≠ -1
(n + 1)a

L
sin ax 1
74. cos ax dx = - a ln  cos ax  + C

L m + nL
sinn - 1 ax cosm + 1 ax n - 1
75. sinn ax cosm ax dx = - + sinn - 2 ax cosm ax dx, n ≠ -m (reduces sinn ax)
a(m + n)

L m + nL
sinn + 1 ax cosm - 1 ax m - 1
76. sinn ax cosm ax dx = + sinn ax cosm - 2 ax dx, m ≠ -n (reduces cosm ax)
a(m + n)

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 T-4 A Brief Table of Integrals

L b + c sin ax a 2b2 - c2
dx -2 b - c p ax
77. = tan-1 c tana - b d + C, b2 7 c2
Ab + c 4 2

L
dx -1 c + b sin ax + 2c2 - b2 cos ax
78. = ln ` ` + C, b2 6 c2
b + c sin ax 2
a 2c - b2 b + c sin ax

L L
dx 1 p ax dx 1 p ax
79. = - a tan a - b + C 80. = a tan a + b + C
1 + sin ax 4 2 1 - sin ax 4 2

L
dx 2 b - c ax
81. = tan-1 c tan d + C, b2 7 c2
b + c cos ax 2
a 2b - c2 A b + c 2

L b + c cos ax a 2c - b
dx 1 c + b cos ax + 2c2 - b2 sin ax
82. = ln ` ` + C, b2 6 c2
2 2 b + c cos ax

L 1 + cos ax L 1 - cos ax
dx 1 ax dx 1 ax
83. = a tan + C 84. = - a cot + C
2 2

L L
1 x 1 x
85. x sin ax dx = sin ax - a cos ax + C 86. x cos ax dx = cos ax + a sin ax + C
a2 a2

L L L L
n
x n xn n
87. xn sin ax dx = - a cos ax + a xn - 1 cos ax dx 88. xn cos ax dx = a sin ax - a xn - 1 sin ax dx

L L
1 1
89. tan ax dx = a ln 0 sec ax 0 + C 90. cot ax dx = a ln 0 sin ax 0 + C

L L
1 1
91. tan2 ax dx = a tan ax - x + C 92. cot2 ax dx = - a cot ax - x + C

L L L L
tann - 1 ax cotn - 1 ax
93. tann ax dx = - tann - 2 ax dx, n ≠ 1 94. cotn ax dx = - - cotn - 2 ax dx, n ≠ 1
a(n - 1) a(n - 1)

L L
1 1
95. sec ax dx = a ln 0 sec ax + tan ax 0 + C 96. csc ax dx = - a ln 0 csc ax + cot ax 0 + C

L L
1 1
97. sec2 ax dx = a tan ax + C 98. csc2 ax dx = - a cot ax + C

L n - 1L
secn - 2 ax tan ax n - 2
99. secn ax dx = + secn - 2 ax dx, n ≠ 1
a(n - 1)

L n - 1L
cscn - 2 ax cot ax n - 2
100. cscn ax dx = - + cscn - 2 ax dx, n ≠ 1
a(n - 1)

L L
secn ax cscn ax
101. secn ax tan ax dx = na + C, n ≠ 0 102. cscn ax cot ax dx = - na + C, n ≠ 0

Inverse Trigonometric Forms

L L
1 1
103. sin-1 ax dx = x sin-1 ax + a 21 - a2x2 + C 104. cos-1 ax dx = x cos-1 ax - a 21 - a2x2 + C

L
1
105. tan-1 ax dx = x tan-1 ax - ln ( 1 + a2x2 ) + C
2a

L n + 1 L 21 - a2x2
xn + 1 a xn + 1 dx
106. xn sin-1 ax dx = sin-1 ax - , n ≠ -1
n + 1

L n + 1 L 21 - a2x2
xn + 1 a xn + 1 dx
107. xn cos-1 ax dx = cos-1 ax + , n ≠ -1
n + 1

L n + 1 L 1 + a2x2
xn + 1 a xn + 1 dx
108. xn tan-1 ax dx = tan-1 ax - , n ≠ -1
n + 1

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 A Brief Table of Integrals T-5

Exponential and Logarithmic Forms

L L
1 1 bax
109. eax dx = a eax + C 110. bax dx = + C, b 7 0, b ≠ 1
a ln b

L L L
eax 1 n
111. xeax dx = (ax - 1) + C 112. xneax dx = a xneax - a xn - 1eax dx
a2

L a ln b a ln b L
xnbax n
113. xnbax dx = - xn - 1bax dx, b 7 0, b ≠ 1

L
eax
114. eax sin bx dx = (a sin bx - b cos bx) + C
a + b2
2

L L
eax
115. eax cos bx dx = (a cos bx + b sin bx) + C 116. ln ax dx = x ln ax - x + C
a + b2
2

xn + 1(ln ax)m
L n + 1L
m
117. xn(ln ax)m dx = - xn(ln ax)m - 1 dx, n ≠ -1
n + 1
(ln ax)m + 1
L L
dx
118. x-1(ln ax)m dx = + C, m ≠ -1 119. = ln 0 ln ax 0 + C
m + 1 x ln ax

Forms Involving 22ax − x 2, a + 0

L 22ax - x2
dx x - a
120. = sin-1 a a b + C

L
x - a a2 -1 x - a
121. 22ax - x2 dx = 22ax - x2 + sin a a b + C
2 2
(x - a)1 22ax - x2 2
n

L n + 1L
na2
122. 1 22ax - x2 2 dx =
n
n + 1
+ 1 22ax - x2 2n - 2 dx
(x - a)1 22ax - x2 22 - n
L 1 22ax - x2 2 (n - 2)a2L 1 22ax - x2 2n - 2
dx n - 3 dx
123. n = +
(n - 2)a2
(x + a)(2x - 3a) 22ax - x2 a3 -1 x - a
L
124. x 22ax - x2 dx = + sin a a b + C
6 2

L
22ax - x2 x - a
125. x dx = 22ax - x2 + a sin-1 a a b + C

L
22ax - x2 2a - x x - a
126. dx = -2 x - sin-1 a a b + C
x2 A

L 22ax - x2 L x 22ax - x2
x dx x - a dx 1 2a - x
127. = a sin-1 a a b - 22ax - x2 + C 128. = -a + C
A x

Hyperbolic Forms

L L
1 1
129. sinh ax dx = a cosh ax + C 130. cosh ax dx = a sinh ax + C

L L
sinh 2ax x sinh 2ax x
131. sinh2 ax dx = - + C 132. cosh2 ax dx = + + C
4a 2 4a 2

L L
sinhn - 1 ax cosh ax n - 1
133. sinhn ax dx = na - n sinhn - 2 ax dx, n ≠ 0

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 T-6 A Brief Table of Integrals

L L
coshn - 1 ax sinh ax n - 1
134. coshn ax dx = na + n coshn - 2 ax dx, n ≠ 0

L L
x 1 x 1
135. x sinh ax dx = a cosh ax - 2 sinh ax + C 136. x cosh ax dx = a sinh ax - 2 cosh ax + C
a a

L L L L
xn n xn n
137. xn sinh ax dx = a cosh ax - a xn - 1 cosh ax dx 138. xn cosh ax dx = a sinh ax - a xn - 1 sinh ax dx

L L
1 1
139. tanh ax dx = a ln (cosh ax) + C 140. coth ax dx = a ln  sinh ax  + C

L L
1 1
141. tanh2 ax dx = x - a tanh ax + C 142. coth2 ax dx = x - a coth ax + C

L L
tanhn - 1 ax
143. tanhn ax dx = - + tanhn - 2 ax dx, n ≠ 1
(n - 1)a

L L
cothn - 1 ax
144. cothn ax dx = - + cothn - 2 ax dx, n ≠ 1
(n - 1)a

L L
1 1 ax
145. sech ax dx = a sin-1 (tanh ax) + C 146. csch ax dx = a ln 2 tanh 2 + C
2

L L
1 1
147. sech2 ax dx = a tanh ax + C 148. csch2 ax dx = - a coth ax + C

L n - 1L
sechn - 2 ax tanh ax n - 2
149. sechn ax dx = + sechn - 2 ax dx, n ≠ 1
(n - 1)a

L n - 1L
cschn - 2 ax coth ax n - 2
150. cschn ax dx = - - cschn - 2 ax dx, n ≠ 1
(n - 1)a

L L
sechn ax cschn ax
151. sechn ax tanh ax dx = - na + C, n ≠ 0 152. cschn ax coth ax dx = - na + C, n ≠ 0

L
ax bx -bx
e e e
153. eax sinh bx dx = c - d + C, a2 ≠ b2
2 a + b a - b

L
eax ebx e-bx
154. eax cosh bx dx = c + d + C, a2 ≠ b2
2 a + b a - b

Some Definite Integrals

q q

L0 L0
n - 1 -x 2 1 p
155. x e dx = Γ(n) = (n - 1)!, n 7 0 156. e-ax dx = , a 7 0
2A a

1 # 3 # 5 # g # (n - 1) # p
2#4#6# g#n
p>2 p>2 , if n is an even integer Ú 2
2
L0 L0 2 # 4 # 6 # g # (n - 1)
n
157. sin x dx = n
cos x dx = d
3#5#7# g#n
, if n is an odd integer Ú 3

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